graph/node_index.json

["Life Cycle Perspective", "Sustainability Assessment", "Problem Shifting", "environmental impacts", "social impacts", "economic impacts", "Life Cycle Assessment", "Complete life cycle", "ISO", "Social Life Cycle Assessment", "Life Cycle Costing", "decision support", "Life Cycle Engineering", "Goal and Scope Definition", "Scope definition", "EDIP", "Environmental Design of Industrial Products", "Ecotoxicity Assessment", "LCA of Biofuels and Biomaterials", "Biofuels", "Biomaterials", "LCA of Chemicals and Chemical Products", "Chemicals", "Chemical Products", "LCA of Nanomaterials", "Nanomaterials", "LCA of Drinking Water Supply", "Drinking Water Supply", "LCA of Wastewater Treatment", "wastewater treatment", "LCA of Solid Waste Management Systems", "waste management", "LCA of Soil and Groundwater Remediation", "Soil remediation", "Groundwater remediation", "USEtox", "Human Toxicity", "Ecotoxicity", "toxic impact assessment", "ILCD", "UNEP-SETAC consensus model", "IMPACT 2002+", "UNEP-SETAC", "IMPACT World+", "LC-Impact", "comparative toxicity evaluation", "LCIA Method Developers Advisory Group", "ISO 14040", "Life Cycle Thinking", "System perspective", "considers life cycle", "considers all relevant impacts", "sustainable development", "All Relevant Impacts", "Sustainability", "life cycle of the solution", "relevant impacts", "ISO 14044", "ISO framework", "ILCD Handbook", "International Reference Life Cycle Data System", "European Commission", "methodological guidance for Life Cycle Assessment", "ISO standards", "EDIP approach", "Ecoinvent methodologies", "Consequential LCA", "ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment", "ILCD method", "Uncertainty Management", "Sensitivity Analysis", "Input-Output Analysis", "Organisational LCA", "Ecodesign", "Environmental Labels and Declarations", "Cradle to Cradle", "system", "buildings", "food", "Cookbook", "LCA phases", "Life Cycle Inventory analysis", "Life Cycle Interpretation", "ILCD Guideline", "Part II", "LCA methodologies", "LCA case study", "methodology chapters", "Part V", "LCA Report", "reporting template", "Part III", "LCA applications", "Part IV", "Environmental Assessment of Products", "System boundaries and input data in a consequential life cycle inventory analysis", "Characterization modeling in life cycle impact assessment", "M.Z. Hauschild", "UNEP/SETAC working groups on LCIA methodology", "Human Toxicity Potential", "emerging technologies", "decision-making", "Broad range of environmental issues", "Quantitative", "Science-based", "Transportation sector", "Primary energy consumption", "Transport", "Energy", "Global Warming Potential", "Fossil fuels", "Michael Z. Hauschild", "LCIA methods", "chemical impacts", "spatial differentiation", "Ralph K. Rosenbaum", "LCIA development", "LCIA modelling of emissions", "water resource use", "Stig Irving Olsen", "human toxicity impacts", "Carbon Dioxide", "CO2 from biofuels", "Biogenic carbon cycle", "CO2 from fossil fuels", "Geological carbon cycle", "Biofuels climate impact", "Use Stage", "industrial processes", "agricultural processes", "biogenic CO2", "fossil CO2", "biodiesel production", "land conversion", "natural biomass carbon release", "soil carbon release", "biofuel crop expansion", "indirect land conversion", "Production stage", "biofuels policy", "European Commission biofuels legislation", "Life Cycle Emissions", "greenhouse gas emissions", "fossil fuels reduction", "Fertilizer use", "Nutrients", "Pesticide use", "Synthetic chemicals", "Eutrophication", "Toxic effects on freshwater ecosystems", "Biofuel cultivation", "Land", "Water for irrigation", "Land Use", "loss of biodiversity", "Water use", "Water Scarcity", "multiple environmental issues", "Social issues", "Biofuels Life Cycle", "Raw Materials", "Biorefinery", "Distribution", "Car Driving", "harvest and extraction stage", "Environmental Issues", "Life Cycle", "biofuel substitution", "burden shifting", "Resource Extraction", "Production", "Use", "Recycling", "Reuse", "freshwater use", "Land Occupation and Transformation", "Toxic Impacts on Human Health", "non-renewable resource depletion", "Eco-Toxic Effects from Metals and Synthetic Organic Chemicals", "Multiple Impact Categories", "mapping emissions and resource uses", "calculating potential environmental impacts", "environmental impact classification", "Flow", "measured", "Quantitative LCA", "product system", "value judgement consistency", "transparency", "modelling choices based on practitioner values", "modeling choices", "time horizon for environmental impacts", "based on measurements", "Emission", "potential impacts", "Resource consumption", "Nitrogen oxides", "atmospheric ground level ozone formation", "Volatile Organic Compounds", "phosphorous concentration", "species population", "science based quantification of potential impacts", "Process", "impact potentials", "Resource Use", "emissions", "Environmental Impact Comparison", "Comparative Assessment", "best estimate principle", "LCA model", "based on average performance of processes", "does not support consideration of rare catastrophic events", "Nuclear Power", "Environmental Impact Assessment", "Cost-Benefit Analysis", "Health Assessment Studies", "Chemical Risk Assessment", "EU biofuels and bioliquids sustainability scheme", "bioliquids", "Land clearing", "biofuel carbon debt", "Land Use Change", "Greenhouse gases", "croplands for biofuels", "greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change", "Mikołaj Owsianiak", "Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methods", "biodiesel", "Normalisation", "footprinting", "energy systems", "environmental degradation", "resource limitation", "methodological development", "international harmonisation", "standardisation", "early LCA studies", "Packaging", "Energy Consumption", "Raw Material Acquisition", "Environmental Impact Assessment Tool", "Resource Use Profiling", "Resource and Environmental Profile Analysis", "Ecobalance", "material flow accounting", "material and energy accounting", "Life Cycle Inventory", "Resource Scarcity", "Resource Uses and Emissions", "waste generation", "SETAC", "CML92", "Environmental Theme-Oriented Impact Assessment", "LCI databases", "Early 1990s", "Resource and Environmental Profile Analysis of Nine Beverage Container Alternatives", "EPA", "GaBi", "SimaPro", "Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis", "Leontief", "international scientific consensus building", "international collaboration", "Swiss Ecopoint method", "1980s", "dilution volumes representation", "midpoint impact categories", "oil price fluctuations", "Institute of Environmental Sciences at Leiden University", "EPS method", "Damage to ecosystems", "Damage to human health", "Eco-indicator 99", "damage modelling", "life cycle inventory databases", "industrial sectors", "SETAC Code of Practice", "LCA framework", "LCA terminology", "ISO 14041", "damage-oriented methodology", "ISO 14042", "ISO 14043", "PEF and OEF guidelines", "ecoinvent database", "all industrial sectors", "Process-based LCA", "Consequential perspective", "modelling of broader economic system", "attributional approach", "product life cycle", "moulded pulp trays", "plastic trays", "plastic bottles", "Refillable bottle", "packaging regulation", "milk packaging", "LCA study", "alternative packaging systems", "Milk Distribution", "Extraction", "Hybrid LCA", "Input/Output based Inventory Analysis", "Environmental Dimension", "Social Dimension", "Economic Dimension", "packaging comparison", "Ecolabels", "Sustainable Consumption and Production and Sustainable Industrial Policy Action Plan", "LCA as analytical backbone", "Policy development", "The Sustainability Consortium", "sustainable consumer products", "Nordic Ecolabel", "European Flower", "Blaue Engel", "European Integrated Product Policy", "Environmental Product Declaration", "Green public purchase", "national energy systems", "Solid Waste Management Systems", "business strategies", "research and development", "product design", "process design", "education", "labelling", "agriculture", "consumer products", "Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry", "LCA-based reporting systems", "environmental and social impacts", "Leiden workshop", "Sandestin Florida workshop", "Wintergreen workshop", "Code of Practice workshop", "LCA software", "Impact assessment methods", "LCI data", "EDIP2003", "Acidification", "spatially differentiated impact assessment", "Code of practice for LCA", "inventory modeling", "SETAC working groups", "Nordic LCA Guideline project", "UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative", "method development", "Dutch Guide to Life Cycle Assessment", "SETAC code of practice for LCA", "International Organization of Standardization standardisation process", "International Organization of Standardization", "LCA standards", "standardised methodology", "Principles and Framework", "Integrated Product Policy", "Sustainable Consumption and Production", "EC-JRC 2010", "ISO 14001", "Environmental Management", "ISO 14062", "ISO 14006", "ISO 14020", "ISO 14064-3", "communication of environmental performance", "ISO 14064", "greenhouse gas reporting and reduction", "ILCD LCA methodology", "ISO standardisation", "International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment", "Academic journals", "environmental performance", "Chapter 7-13", "ILCD Impact Assessment Method", "endpoint level impact category results", "Product Environmental Footprint", "Organisational Environmental Footprint Guidelines", "Chapter 37", "European ILCD guidelines for LCA", "young discipline with 50 years of history", "less than 30 years of intense development and application", "scientific consensus", "standards", "LCA-related academic articles", "Web of Science", "exponential development", "methodology maturation", "ecological optimization", "Nord1995:20", "Principles and Methodology", "Environmental repercussions and economic structure", "Classification", "Valuation", "Product Life Cycle Assessment—Principles and Methodology", "Nordic Council of Ministers", "Environmental Assessment of Milk Packaging", "Goedkoop, M.J., Spriensma, R.: Eco-indicator 99, a damage oriented method for lifecycle impact assessment, methodology report", "Handbook on life cycle assessment: An operational guide to the ISO standards", "EDIP 2003", "spatially differentiated LCA", "policy formulation", "policy implementation", "policy evaluation", "production decisions", "consumption decisions", "ILCD methodological guidelines", "science-based boundaries", "Life Cycle Initiative", "European Platform on Life Cycle Assessment", "methodological needs", "underlying data", "LCA principles", "LCA dissemination", "UNEP", "Greenhouse Gas Accounting", "Life Cycle Management", "Business and Industry", "CALCAS", "LCA Applications in Policy Cycle", "Methodology", "Tools", "Case Studies in Product Development", "Better Regulation Guidelines", "Policy Impact Assessment", "Retrospective Policy Evaluation", "Prospective Policy Development", "cradle to grave", "Eco-design Directive", "EU Ordinance on the avoidance and recovery of packaging wastes", "Packaging waste", "EU Waste oil directive", "Waste framework directive", "Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste", "Waste glass packaging", "Environmental technologies action plan", "Directive on the eco-design of energy using products", "Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources", "Eco-labelling", "Strategic environmental assessment directive", "Public procurement", "Construction products directive", "EU Policy Making", "Manufacturing processes", "Product Use", "Product Disposal", "Organisation Environmental Footprint", "novel technologies market introduction", "waste management systems selection", "Danish collection system development", "recycling strategies assessment", "product-oriented policy initiatives", "used lubricating and industrial oil management process", "decision support in product and process development", "Environmental Performance Monitoring", "supplier selection", "Strategic Planning", "waste incineration tax", "waste reduction", "Recycled materials", "Biological Treatment", "Environmental Improvement", "California Oil Recycling Enhancement Act", "used oil management", "Refining", "used oil", "distillation", "combustion with energy recovery", "Product Development", "marketing", "Product Level", "Corporate Level", "hotspot identification", "product optimization", "process optimization", "material substitution", "Environmental Hotspot Identification", "Supply Chain", "process development", "Carbon footprint", "footprint indicators", "blue water footprint", "Environmental Management System", "Eco-Management and Audit Scheme", "identification of overall environmental aspects", "identification of activities with largest environmental burdens", "comparison of alternative manufacturing routes", "continual improvement in environmental performance", "environmentally friendly profile", "environmental assessment tools", "customer demand", "legislation", "small and medium sized enterprises", "LCA implementation lag", "Medium-sized enterprises", "LCA cost", "LCA implementation barriers", "LCA methodology complexity", "Shortage of qualified personnel", "sustainability management tools", "LCA implementation by SMEs", "lack of awareness of sustainability issues", "absence of perceived benefits", "lack of knowledge and expertise", "lack of human and financial resources", "complexity of tools", "SME adoption of environmental assessment tools", "Legislation pressure", "Bio-based plastic", "impact reduction opportunities", "private consumption of goods and services", "LCA results", "consumer information", "Consumer decisions", "private consumption", "environmental impacts mapping", "Landfilling", "Incineration", "meat consumption", "personal environmental impact", "globalization and mainstreaming of LCA", "Directive 2008/98/EC", "waste", "electronics sector", "Anders Bjørn", "sustainability integration in LCA", "Alexis Laurent", "Normalised LCIA Results", "Christine Molin", "absolute sustainability assessments", "environmental sustainability references", "coal cleaning technologies", "Carbonaceous Materials", "Environmental Protection", "Our Common Future", "United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development", "environmentally sound development", "environmental health", "life support functions", "human needs", "wellbeing", "welfare", "Inter-generational Equity", "Interspecies Equity", "Welfare Measures", "Natural Resources", "Environmental Services", "Society", "Critical Load", "carrying capacity", "Ecosystem Functions", "Acidifying compounds", "Planetary Boundaries", "Air Pollution", "Intragenerational Equity", "Anthropocentric Focus", "social dimension of sustainability", "IPAT equation", "environmental impact per material affluence", "Environmental pressure", "Nutrient Cycles", "Population", "Per capita affluence", "GDP", "Paper production", "technology factor", "Nine boundaries", "Ecosystem response to human pressure", "thresholds", "Mankind", "Exceeded planetary boundaries", "eco-efficiency", "reducing environmental impacts throughout the entire life cycle", "reducing resource intensity throughout the entire life cycle", "Meeting of Human Needs", "environmental aspects", "Social aspects", "Economic aspects", "Three pillars", "Triple bottom line", "population growth", "average affluence", "eco-efficiency of technologies", "three pillar sustainability", "monetary gains or losses for the poor", "eco-efficiency optimization", "rebound effects", "wants and expectations", "car engine eco-efficiency", "motor power increase", "energy consumption during use", "material consumption during production", "Montreal Protocol", "eco-efficiency increase", "fuel economy", "lighting technologies", "energy efficiency", "price of light", "demand", "Cost reductions", "environmental carrying capacities", "sustainability perspective", "absolute evaluation", "relative perspective", "Life Cycle Methodologies", "iterative nature", "iterative approach to LCA", "helping LCA practitioner focus on what matters most", "international discussion under SETAC", "methodological framework", "LCA process", "feedback loops", "CML", "EDIP97", "Functional Unit", "Reference Flow", "Assessment Parameters", "determines data collection", "determines system modelling", "input of resources", "material inputs", "output of emissions", "Output of wastes", "output of valuable products", "elementary flows", "Impact Category", "Environmental Indicator", "unit process data", "cradle-to-gate data", "Material Production", "Heat generation", "electricity generation", "characterised impact scores", "common metric", "aggregated indicator scores", "characterised impact profile", "Characterisation", "Normalised Impact Profile", "Grouping", "Weighting", "weighting factors", "Quantitative Weighting", "Environmental Impact Scores", "Environmental LCA", "iterative approach", "Uncertainty Reduction", "Uncertainty", "impact scores", "Conclusions", "uncertainty analysis", "screening LCA", "product system boundaries", "impact assessment results", "inventory data", "Key Figures", "characterisation factors", "inventory flows", "interconnected phases", "iteration", "Life Cycle Assessment effectiveness", "Environmental management—life cycle assessment—principles and framework", "Intended Applications of the Results", "Comparing environmental impacts of specific goods or services", "Carbon footprint studies", "Life Cycle Stages", "comparative studies", "environmental superiority claims", "LCA limitations", "Improvement potentials", "Intended application", "System Boundary", "Goal and Scope Phase", "Inventory Phase", "Impact assessment phase", "Decision Context", "Disposal Stage", "Site-generic LCIA approach", "Fuel consumption", "Structural changes", "Production capacity change", "Equipment lifetime", "Reasons for carrying out the study", "describes what a study does", "addresses why a study is made", "Study Conclusions", "decision context identification", "Micro-level decision support", "Comparative assertion of the overall environmental impacts associated with nation-wide recycling or incineration of all used office paper in Australia", "Support decision on governmental recommendations for environmentally preferred future handling of paper waste from commercial and governmental offices in Australia", "Meso/macro-level decision support", "electricity production", "diesel derived from oil", "Situation C1", "Situation C2", "product system modelling", "Allocation", "Energy from Waste Incineration", "target audience specification", "Target audience", "documentation extent", "technical level of reporting", "Results Interpretation", "decision support intent", "structural changes in interacting systems", "single product decision support", "Commissioner's Goal", "System model", "Interactions with Other Systems", "background system", "Process Consequences", "Public Disclosure", "external review", "LCA Background Information", "Commissioner Identification", "Financing Source Documentation", "Conflict of Interest Disclosure", "Conflict of Interest", "Data Provider Economic Interest", "Comparative Studies Bias", "ISO Requirements", "quality of a study", "Requirements and Guidelines", "LCI modelling", "data representativeness", "Critical Review", "Deliverables", "Unit Process", "life cycle inventory model", "smallest element in life cycle inventory", "Input and Output Data", "physical flows", "Representativeness of LCI Data", "LCA scope definition", "Basis for Impact Assessment", "Special requirements for system comparisons", "critical review requirements", "Planning reporting of results", "data quality requirements", "attributional modelling", "consequential modelling", "Biochar", "Hydrochar", "UNEP/SETAC Working Groups", "Materials", "Resources", "products", "waste for treatment", "Steel sheet rolling", "output flows", "product or waste to treatment categories", "input flows", "materials and energy categories", "substance entering system from ecosphere without previous human transformation", "electricity", "water", "Steel, unalloyed", "Mineral oil", "Particulates to air", "solar influx", "photovoltaic panels", "unalloyed steel", "steel sheet rolling unit process", "slaughterhouse unit process", "Coal-fired power plant", "emission flows", "waste flows", "Al(OH)3", "Aluminium", "VOCs", "resource flows", "drawn from the ecosphere without previous human transformation", "material flows", "released into ecosphere without subsequent human transformation", "not inputs to other unit processes", "Particulate Matter", "air", "treatment process", "Technosphere", "Ecosphere", "environment", "ecosystems", "Areas of Protection", "Human Health", "Resource Availability", "foreground system", "Agricultural production systems", "technosphere-ecosphere boundary", "primary data", "tier-one suppliers", "Tier-two suppliers", "Tier-three suppliers", "electricity supply", "metallic copper production", "product flows", "foreground processes", "upstream background system", "black arrows", "energy flows", "blue arrows", "LCA results interpretation", "ISO 14044:2006", "Impact Category Selection", "water depletion", "Freshwater Eutrophication", "Impact category indicator", "LCI results", "interpretation of impact profile", "unit process databases", "Qualitative Aspects", "Quantitative Aspects", "Product function", "Quantitative Description", "Scoping Phase", "LCIA results", "characterised results", "Function", "needs fulfilment", "function definition", "electricity delivery", "energy technologies", "outdoor paints", "Complete coverage of 1 m2 primed outdoor wall for 10 years in Germany in a uniform colour at 99.9% opacity", "Colour", "sheen", "area of wall coverage", "function of paint", "duration of coverage", "obligatory properties", "positioning properties", "How Much", "Duration", "Performance Quality", "Complete coverage of 1 m2 primed outdoor wall", "10 years duration", "Germany location", "Uniform color", "99.9% opacity", "Window frame", "Visible Light Transmittance", "Typical Use by Person, Family or Community", "Use Phase", "Use Intensity", "Total Duration of Use", "Number of Function Cycles", "clothing", "water-based paint A", "needs two applications and a re-paint every 2.5 years", "water-based paint B", "low content of water, only needs one application and lasts 5 years until re-paint is required", "User Perception", "Fashion", "Interpretation Phase", "Non-technical Product Aspects", "Allow daylight into a building through a physical barrier", "visible light transmittance of at least 0.7", "area of 1.23 × 1.48 m²", "20 years", "0.5–0.67 window frames", "Window pane", "Paint for maintaining surface of window pane", "Protection from outdoor climate", "Allow ventilation between indoor and outdoor", "Protection against breaking into the building", "Provide aesthetic functionality to the building", "Non-technical Aspects", "Physical Quantity", "mass", "Packaging Function", "Glass", "density", "PET", "Euro 6 standard", "NOX emissions", "diesel passenger car", "product use conditions", "driving pattern", "Technical Standards", "Comparative LCA", "What Question", "Where Question", "How Well Question", "Legal Requirements", "comparability", "primary functions", "secondary functions", "multifunctional processes", "Animal husbandry", "multifunctionality", "Milk", "Meat", "Hide", "Bone meal", "hide production", "Waste Incineration", "heat", "heat production", "ISO 14044 Hierarchy", "By-product", "ISO hierarchy for solving multifunctionality", "representative physical parameter", "Subdivision", "Multifunctional process handling", "system expansion", "Partition Environmental Flows", "physical causality", "Crediting for Avoided Production", "Secondary Service", "District Heating", "Power Plant 1", "Co-generated Heat", "Power Plant 2", "Alternative Production Method", "Avoided Inputs and Outputs", "Secondary Function Credit", "Avoided Burden Allocation", "Multifunctional unit processes", "Co-product Separation", "Product", "co-products", "emissions of toxic substances to air, water and soil", "multifunctionality problem", "Modelling resolution increase", "Co-product allocation", "Milk Production", "Beef Production", "Dairy Cow Meat", "Cattle Meat", "Value Correction Factor", "Quality Differences", "causal physical relationship", "Cattle raising", "Horn", "Combined heat and power plant 1", "Crediting", "petrochemical refinery", "multi-output processes", "alternative routes", "Cadmium", "Batteries", "Plastics", "physical allocation", "International Dairy Association", "wheat", "nutritional value", "economic allocation", "allocation parameter", "market price", "process inputs and outputs", "economic value", "representative parameters", "exergy content", "allocation key", "energy content", "straw", "shadow price", "market value", "Attributional LCA", "average LCI data", "marginal LCI data", "environmental impact attribution", "product system separation", "interaction with other product systems", "ISO hierarchy", "average processes", "market mix", "average supply chain", "Consequential LCI modelling", "product system consequence", "Attributional LCI modelling", "milk production capacity", "LCA development", "represents product system in isolation from technosphere", "multifunctionality handling", "marginal processes", "global aluminium market", "electricity market", "coal combustion", "natural gas combustion", "wind power", "solar power", "foreground system modelling", "combustion process", "short-term marginal processes", "solar process", "Danish electricity system", "wind process", "natural gas", "Danish electricity consumption mix", "coal", "Wind", "oil", "Wood chips", "short-term marginal electricity generation", "electricity demand changes", "immediate consequence of a decision", "long-term marginal processes", "large changes in supply or demand", "peak demand electricity", "cattle", "fish production", "Production constraints", "chicken production", "protein source", "economic system dynamics", "engineering perspective", "Long-term marginal electricity technology", "Electricity production processes", "wind turbines", "Hydropower plants", "Rooftop photovoltaic panels", "Attributional modelling electricity mix", "Situation A", "ILCD recommendations", "model choices", "Table 8.4", "Recommendations", "background processes", "average market consumption mix", "Attributional", "Danish market mix", "Situation B", "mixed consequential/attributional modelling", "LCA results sensitivity", "Situation A studies", "analysed decision", "long-term consequences", "mix of marginal processes", "electricity mix", "consequential approach", "steel sheet", "roadworks accident prevention", "life cycle of steel sheet", "main process steps", "System boundary diagram", "Completeness Requirements", "demarcate studied product system from technosphere and ecosphere", "determines unit processes for environmental impact quantification", "large influence on LCA results", "Extraction of iron ore", "Pig iron production", "Crude steel production", "Use on road", "Collection for recycling", "Manufacturing", "End of Life", "waste treatment", "Extraction of raw materials", "cradle-to-gate", "cradle-to-gate assessment", "hot spot screening", "window cleaning", "omitted processes", "overall environmental impact", "energy inputs", "System Scoping", "product design comparison", "impact difference between products", "process cut-off decision", "process contribution to LCIA results", "process inclusion", "cut-off processes", "substitution", "excluded product flows", "excluded waste flows", "waste management stage", "radioactive waste", "mass-based cut-off criterion", "quantitative completeness requirements", "cut-off approach", "process exclusions", "low mass share flows", "large impacts", "gold mining", "LCI Analysis", "LCA practitioner", "Process Omission", "Infrastructure Production", "Infrastructure Maintenance", "Case-specific Assessment", "physical reality", "Geographical representativeness", "Time-related representativeness", "Technological representativeness", "Location-specific Parameters", "Representative of Specific Process", "Denmark", "coal and wind power electricity mix", "Sweden", "nuclear and hydropower electricity mix", "hydropower", "geographical scope of processes", "Upstream processes", "downstream activities", "geographical scope", "Spatial resolution", "Regulatory coverage", "Geographical Variations", "Market spatial extent", "Local Climate", "Proximity to Natural Resources", "Wastewater Treatment Process", "clothes washing", "Technological innovation", "Efficient processes", "Climate", "Regulation", "Prospective LCA", "Technology foresight", "Temporal variability", "Manufacturing Stage", "5 years", "Incineration Plant Operation", "20-30 years", "Time-related requirements", "Assembly", "Time Frame Definition", "Product Lifetime", "temporal differentiation", "Elementary flows timing", "stainless steel", "heat resistant", "basic grade steel", "lacks heat resistance", "energy supply", "Electric Arc Furnace", "Basic Oxygen Furnace", "technology mix", "Unit process output", "Input materials quality requirements", "Narrow Impact Coverage", "Water Footprinting", "Chapter 10", "Impact Assessment Planning", "Overall Impacts", "Normalisation and weighting", "Indicator score", "impact category exclusion", "Differentiation Between Alternatives", "Completeness of scope", "environmental relevance", "impact pathway", "indicator", "Characterisation Model", "landfilling processes", "short-term emissions", "long-term emissions", "climate change indicators", "emission timing", "temporary carbon storage", "intra-annual inventory data", "seasonal variations", "intra-day inventory data", "diurnal variation", "night-time electricity base-load data", "electric car battery charging", "Applicability", "stakeholder acceptance", "state of the art", "Scientific robustness and Certainty", "peer review", "Documentation, Transparency and Reproducibility", "inputs and outputs", "comparative assertions", "single indicator comparison", "Data quality", "allocation procedures", "Spatially differentiated LCIA methods", "spatial information", "Quality and Credibility", "Documentation and Reporting", "LCA reporting levels", "Internal use by the commissioner of study", "External use by third party", "Comparative studies disclosed to public", "additional reporting requirements", "Reporting", "Characterization modeling", "IDF guide to standard life cycle assessment methodology for the dairy sector", "Life cycle inventories of electricity generation and power supply", "Life Cycle Inventory Result", "LCIA phase", "Process-based approach", "top-down approach", "Identifying processes for the LCI model", "Planning data collection", "Constructing and quality checking unit processes", "Constructing LCI model and calculating LCI results", "Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis", "Physical Value Chain", "Level 0 Process", "LCI processes", "level 1 processes", "level 2 processes", "level 3 processes", "Production of glass", "window frame production", "administration", "EEIO approach", "limited coverage of elementary flows", "low resolution of products and services", "IO-LCA", "EEIO", "Window assembly", "Window Life Cycle", "cleaning", "Furnace for glass recycling", "Incineration plant for frame", "Window glass", "Assembly machine", "Assembly machine production and maintenance", "Level 4 process", "Sand", "Limestone", "Furnace", "process identification", "data collection", "plastic component", "biomaterial origin", "petrochemical origin", "bottom-up inventory construction", "environmental impact underestimation", "waste treatment processes", "Process subdivision", "Process modelling detail", "Room lighting", "Co-product production", "Room heating", "Emissions to air", "emissions to water", "emission to soil", "data availability", "avoided processes identification", "average process for market supply", "Steel production", "EAF Steel", "Market Mix 30%", "BOF Steel", "Market Mix 70%", "Recycling of steel", "Market Mix Allocation", "800 kWh/tonne", "Product X", "Product Y", "Heat consumption", "allocation factor", "exergy values", "physical parameter", "bunker oil", "fuel function", "bitumen", "production volumes", "allocation according to causal physical relationship", "fractional distillation process of crude oil", "diesel", "exergy", "petrol", "kerosene", "propane", "maximum useful work", "representative", "co-production of milk and meat", "Physical Parameter Allocation", "Economic Value Approach", "Last Resort Method", "Co-product Valuation", "Wheat Production", "Requires Additional Processing", "Baling", "plastic cup", "oil production", "plastic cup production", "CML Guideline", "ecoinvent", "allocation based on indicators of economic value", "Consequential LCI", "attributional LCI", "natural gas extraction", "market share allocation", "marginal supplier approach", "nuclear power plants", "full capacity operation", "Marginal Producer", "Average Producer", "Natural Gas Power Plant", "Peak Load", "Extraction of crude oil", "plastic production", "transport to retail", "consumer use", "transport to incineration", "decision-focused assessment", "change in demand", "supply changes", "Production technology selection", "marginal technology", "Product substitution", "Constrained product supply", "Environmental consequences of production changes", "Demand and supply changes", "Plastic cup demand", "4-step procedure", "full elasticity of supply", "market effects", "Identify constraints in the market", "Identify production technology affected by change in demand", "co-product from a multi-output process", "4-Step approach for identifying affected process in a full consequential LCA", "co-firing in power plants", "recycled metal", "recycling process", "Virgin Metal", "Maximum Production Capacity", "Demand Increase", "Supply Substitution", "production process", "Decrease in demand", "slaughterhouse waste", "Meat production", "product demand", "virgin metal demand", "supply follows demand", "market constraints", "Commercial fish catch", "Regulatory constraint", "Production of wood", "Physical constraint", "crude oil", "service provision", "demand satisfaction method", "Service Delivery", "Product Availability", "Waste handling", "reduced waste handling", "Production is increased", "increased waste handling", "Production is decreased", "Low-value by-product", "marginal user identification", "market analysis", "scenario development", "Waste increase", "Product Functionality", "coal power plants", "production technology", "gas power plants", "Electricity generation from coal", "Lower production cost than gas turbines", "Electricity generation from gas turbines", "Higher production cost than coal", "Activation of gas power plants", "Cascading substitution effect", "Additional treatment", "Supply", "product substitution identification", "Product Alternatives", "glycerol", "salts and impurities", "functionality", "technical quality", "environmental properties", "installed power production capacity", "long-term marginal", "installed production technology", "short-term marginal", "immediately affected production technology", "coal power", "decommissioning speed", "technology implementation postponement", "Increasing market trend", "Least cost effective technology", "replacement rate", "Production plants", "design life of 20 years", "market trend", "Implementation of new production technology", "Decreasing market trend", "decommissioning rate", "early decommissioning of production plants", "annual replacement of capacity", "small demand changes", "structural change in production capacity", "demand signal threshold", "Situation A and B studies", "ILCD classification", "size of changes in LCA", "Energy Demand", "increasing demand market trend", "decreasing demand market trend", "least competitive technology", "market longevity in decreasing markets", "market replacement rate", "production technology displacement", "long-term marginal technologies", "Short-term marginal technology", "Decommissioning of least competitive technology", "Sensitivity Scenarios", "Less cost-efficient technology", "decision", "version 3", "market", "transportation costs", "product value", "spatial nature", "secondary consequences", "direct consequences", "scenario analysis", "assessment of decision consequences", "Yield increase", "Decrease in fertiliser use per unit", "Decrease in pesticide use per unit", "Decrease in area use per unit", "Time savings from washing machine", "Increased TV power consumption", "Household appliances", "average power consumption", "addresses consequences of potential decisions", "large uncertainties", "uses average process data", "frequent use of allocation", "Data Specificity", "economic modelling", "Metadata Documentation", "data planning structure", "Temperature of clothes washing", "Sector statistics", "Infrastructure data", "Supplier data", "Flow data on internal processes", "Data type", "data sources", "Data access", "Very High Data Specificity", "Measured directly at specific process site", "Derived from measurements at specific process site via modelling", "Medium Data Specificity", "LCI Database Process", "CO2 emissions", "kg CO2 per kWh", "Complete unit process", "All flows scaled to 1 unit of reference flow", "Individual flow to/from process", "per unit of time", "Technical or geographic parameters", "Process pressure", "temperature", "soil pH", "Generic LCI database process", "Low specificity", "site-specific data", "Improved specificity", "Flow scaling", "LCAfood", "LCI models", "PestLCI", "wastewater", "Copper", "Emission of copper", "5*10-5 kg per kg Product Y", "copper emissions to untreated wastewater", "concentration of copper in wastewater", "mass balance", "Consumer organisations", "Average life time of products", "Online search", "Questionnaire", "Direct dialogue", "Measurements at site", "green accounts", "CSR reports", "stoichiometry", "scaling", "company internal data collection", "physical site visit", "email contact", "telephone contact", "pesticide emissions", "evaporation", "pesticide emission routes", "air drift", "drainage pipe emissions", "groundwater leaching", "physical and chemical characteristics", "pesticide emission calculation", "crop type", "soil slope", "industry association reports", "national statistics", "extrapolation from similar processes", "incineration of polypropylene", "upscaling", "process technology", "efficiency increase", "flow quality changes", "synthetic chemical emissions", "emission data", "similar process", "original unit process", "laboratory scale processes", "novel technologies", "industrial scale operation", "scale-dependent relationships", "ELCD", "Agri-footprint", "Feed", "biomass", "Contains multiple flows", "All flows in unit process", "Statistical Agencies", "ecoinvent version 3", "approximately 12,500 unit processes", "allocation at the point of substitution", "allocation, recycled content", "consequential", "LCA Food Danish database", "aquaculture", "fishery", "Industry", "wholesale", "supermarket", "Swedish National LCA database", "GaBi databases", "electronics", "Automotive", "Textiles", "Retail", "Services", "LC-inventories", "ecoinvent, v. 2.2", "NEEDS Database", "Material Supply", "Transport Services", "NREL", "Component Production", "cut-off allocation", "European Product Environmental Footprint guideline", "default allocation", "secondary recycled materials", "previous life cycle impacts", "co-generation of heat and power", "cut-off version", "process data", "Metadata", "process characteristics", "consequential version", "consequential database", "Situation B type study", "allocation default database", "Situation C2 studies", "cut-off database", "ILCD decision context situations", "large-scale decisions", "small-scale decisions", "LCA Commons", "U.S. agriculture production", "Ökobaudat", "building materials", "building processes", "aggregated processes", "Technical Specification", "Location", "time period", "operating conditions", "Very Low Specificity Data", "expert judgement", "reasonable worst case", "Cut-off Criteria", "Production Equipment", "End-of-Life Stage", "Characterization Factor", "Full operational cycle", "Data collection and relating data to unit processes", "heating", "calibration", "Operation", "idling", "Maintenance", "scrap rates", "Quality Check of a Unit Process", "flow quantities", "Flow Completeness", "Flow Measurement Error", "Unit conversion errors", "flow quantification", "Measurement Accuracy", "coal input", "Mercury", "validation approach", "Filters", "NOx", "Carbon sources", "Chlorine compounds", "wastewater to treatment", "NOx gases", "Flow Quantity Validation", "emitted quantity", "Regulatory Emission Limit", "Flow Names", "law of conservation of mass", "combustion", "H2O", "energy balances", "CAS-number", "Flow nomenclature", "USEtox model", "Substance", "Total Environmental Impact", "missing flows", "Waste to Treatment Flow", "Unit Process-specific Reference Flow", "Unit Process Scaling", "Process 1", "Process 2", "Process 3", "Product Z", "disaggregated process", "process-based LCI modelling", "closed loop", "matrix inversion", "avoided processes", "Emission A", "Emission B", "Resource A", "Resource B", "Product W", "Avoided Products", "OpenLCA", "Quantitative Parameters", "Minimum and Maximum Values", "Statistical Distribution", "Default Value", "Discrete Parameters", "energy mix", "wastewater treatment technologies", "LCI Model Parameters", "Parameter Changes", "stoichiometric validation", "chemical reactions", "stoichiometric coefficient", "molar mass", "electrolysis of water", "sodium chloride", "sodium hydroxide", "hydrogen", "chlorine", "Uncertainty Information", "LCI Model Documentation", "Unit Process Documentation", "LCI Results Documentation", "Life Cycle Stage Assumptions", "flow diagram", "Unit processes UP1 to UP8", "LCI Model at System Level", "Documentation", "Documentation in appendix", "Resource", "reference flow is material input", "LCI model in flow chart", "Arrows", "dotted arrows", "Inputs", "Process Table", "Data Specificity Classification", "Data Source Documentation", "parameters", "Normalised sensitivity coefficient", "assumptions", "Monte Carlo simulation", "Pedigree approach", "Geometric Standard Deviation", "Data Modelling", "Assumption Documentation", "poultry fat biodiesel", "Step 1", "Step 3", "poultry fat", "petrochemical diesel", "other types of biodiesel", "ordinary diesel", "crude oil from tar sand", "Lower energy density than diesel", "Propylene Glycol", "propylene glycol production", "distillation and processing", "avoided production of propylene glycol", "poultry meat production", "feed industry", "palm oil", "soybean oil", "methanol", "crude glycerol", "diesel substitution", "produced without constraints", "Methanol Production", "Biodiesel Process", "Synthetic Gas", "pesticide", "Morten Birkved", "sustainability targets", "Transport Systems", "environmental impact category", "environmental problem", "Environmental Mechanism", "largely automated", "mandatory and optional steps", "metals", "Environmental Fate", "Andrea Corona", "Biobased Products", "composite material", "Methane", "Quantitative and Qualitative Tools", "category indicators", "LCIA characterisation methods", "cause–effect chain", "environmental interventions", "Natural Environment", "Category Endpoint", "category indicator result", "midpoint indicators", "Characterisation Model Selection", "Scientific and Technical Validity", "Distinct Identifiable Environmental Mechanism", "Reproducible Empirical Observation", "Non-redundancy", "Avoidance of Double Counting", "Completeness", "Traceability", "Problem-shifting", "Noise", "Relevant Impact Categories", "Product Category Rules", "ReCiPe", "TRACI", "LIME", "Midpoint Assessment", "Endpoint Assessment", "uncertainty quantification", "uncertainty support", "available in all major LCA software", "national focus", "Japan", "US", "Classification Tables", "LCIMPACT", "EU", "LIME 1.0", "EcoScarcity2013", "Switzerland", "EcoScarcity2006", "USA", "LUCAS", "Canada", "CML 2001", "Netherlands", "Jepix", "TRACI 2.0", "EPS2000", "Canada, USA, Denmark, France, Switzerland", "Midpoint LCIA methods", "endpoint LCIA methods", "Emission compartment", "time horizon", "Region modelled", "indicator unit", "water consumption", "SO2", "heavy metal mobilisation", "emission into the environment", "resource extraction from the environment", "disease cases per unit toxic emission", "CO2-equivalents per unit greenhouse gas emission", "Emission-Related Impacts", "Fate", "Exposure", "Effects", "damage", "Inhalation", "ingestion of food and water", "dermal contact", "Habitat Destruction", "adverse impacts", "lower water quality", "diseases", "lack of water", "species migration or death", "lack of habitat", "Extraction-Related Impacts", "environmental mechanism of the impact category", "Extraction or use", "Minerals", "soil", "Human Exposure", "human health impacts", "model uncertainty", "Measurability", "Indicator Selection", "LCI flow", "renewable biotic resources", "fishing", "wood logging", "biotic productivity", "aquifer recharge", "carbon sequestration", "Albedo", "Biodiversity", "aquatic ecosystems", "terrestrial ecosystems", "Abiotic resources", "Abiotic non-renewable resources", "Impact Indicator", "Parameter Uncertainty", "Midpoint Impact Indicators", "Endpoint Impact Indicators", "early in environmental mechanism", "downstream in environmental mechanism", "Toxic Carcinogen", "midpoint categories", "Stratospheric ozone depletion", "Photochemical Ozone Formation", "Particulate matter formation", "Ionising Radiation", "Biotic resource use", "Pathogens", "Midpoint characterisation", "Characterised impact profile at midpoint level", "endpoint characterisation factors", "endpoint indicators", "Ecosystem quality", "One Midpoint Indicator", "Two Endpoint Indicators", "common unit", "aggregated impact score", "Environmental Profile", "endpoint level", "midpoint level", "Aggregation", "Weighted midpoint indicators", "ILCD characterisation framework", "inventory results", "indicator results", "severity characterisation factors", "elementary flow-specific", "one per midpoint impact category", "Planetary Life Support Functions", "natural resource depletion", "Provides detailed impact pathway information", "Provides condensed information with fewer indicator results", "Aggregation from midpoint to endpoint", "Avoids normalisation", "Time Horizons and Temporal Variability", "shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2", "characterisation of methane", "time horizon selection", "Metal Emissions", "long-term impacts from landfills", "tailings", "heavy metals", "Global Warming", "Toxicity", "Water Impact", "Impacts of land use", "local impacts", "Land use impacts on biodiversity", "global impact categories", "regional impacts", "Toxic emissions", "spatial variability", "archetypal emission/extraction situations", "Location of Emission or Extraction", "Spatial Resolution Modelling", "Characterisation Factor Selection", "Life Cycle Inventory Aggregation", "Loss of Location Information", "Health Effects", "Spatial Models", "Archetypal Models", "Urban/Rural Emission Situations", "Country-based Characterisation", "Site-generic Characterisation Factors", "one characterisation factor per elementary flow and compartment", "spatially differentiated characterisation method", "grid-based methods", "uncertainty in characterisation", "intervention/emission compartment", "time horizons 20, 100 and 500 years at global scale", "CO2-equivalents", "DALY", "Years of Life Lost per affected Person", "Years of Life lived with a Disability per affected Person", "Years of Life Lost", "Disability Adjusted Life Years per affected Person", "Years Lived Disabled", "year/person", "Potentially Disappeared Fraction", "m2 year", "m3/m2 year", "dimensionless", "Overall LCA Result Uncertainty", "Uncertainty in LCIA", "LCI Uncertainty", "Species Loss", "Ecosystem-specific Adjustment", "Resource Depletion", "Ecosystem services", "Future Extraction Costs", "Exergy Use", "Monetary Costs", "toxicity indicators", "inherent uncertainty", "total toxicity", "Uncertainty in LCA", "Variability", "high uncertainty", "toxicity-related impact categories", "Problem-Shifting Prevention", "toxicity potentials", "Regionalised LCI and LCIA", "Model quality", "High Uncertainty in Characterisation Factors", "marginal impact modelling", "additional impact per additional unit emission", "Non-linearities of impacts", "average impact modelling", "strictly linear", "overall impact divided by overall emissions", "LCIA models", "steady-state representation", "linearity assumption", "steady-state conditions", "non-marginal potential impacts", "marginal modeling", "small-scale interventions", "average modelling", "impact assessment data", "product system's potential impacts", "reference system", "best estimates", "conservative regulatory methodology", "precaution", "avoiding bias between compared scenarios", "external normalisation", "internal normalisation", "reference scenario", "Normalised impact score", "Mass/energy balance", "Conservation of mass/energy", "Process Modeling", "Parsimony", "Relativity", "Environmental impact potentials", "consistency and reliability", "European person equivalent impact scores", "Normalisation factors", "wood window", "Production-based approach", "Ecological Footprint", "Consumption-based approach", "inventory data collection", "available environmental space", "Ecological Footprint derivation", "environmental space", "politically determined environmental space", "political reduction targets", "environmental equilibrium", "2 °C ceiling for climate change", "science-based targets", "per capita impacts", "person equivalents", "common reference year", "duration of activity", "harmonises metrics for different impact potentials", "changes LCA results", "reference system selection", "background activities", "normalised LCA results", "Key Issue Analysis", "Error Detection", "Modelling Errors", "Normalised Impacts", "Common Scale Expression", "Midpoint Normalisation", "Endpoint Normalisation", "Impact Category Prioritisation", "Weighting Scheme", "Target Group Preferences", "Stakeholder Values", "Shared Values", "Probability of the modelled consequences", "resilience of the affected systems", "linear cause-effect relationships", "Impact thresholds", "tipping points", "Severity of effect", "population density", "Geographical scale", "Comparing across impact categories", "EPS", "Social assessment of the damages", "Prevention costs", "Distance-to-target", "Ecopoints", "Swiss Ecoscarcity", "degree at which targeted impact level is reached", "Emission-related and Resource-related Characteristics", "Spatial Scale Classification", "Hierarchist perspective", "Balance between short and long term", "Individualist perspective", "Short term focus", "Egalitarian perspective", "Very long term focus", "weighting factors development", "archetypal views on nature", "risk perceptions", "Human Activities", "nature's reaction", "Environmental Awareness", "Footprint Methodologies", "Ecosystem impacts", "Single-issue assessment methods", "Easily accessible and intuitive concept", "Easy to communicate about specific environmental issues", "Wide range of assessment targets can be assessed", "Focus on one environmental issue does not inform about burden-shifting", "Water Availability", "Impact-based Footprints", "Footprints", "Ecoindicator99", "assesses quantity of resource used", "CED", "MIPS", "Volumetric Water Footprint", "accounting of quantities used or emitted", "ISO 14046", "ISO/TS 14067", "Single Environmental Problem Focus", "Environmental Performance Screening", "life cycle-based", "narrow-scoped", "Cumulative Energy Demand", "Intensive Farming", "Fertilisers", "climate change impacts", "Anthropogenic Activities", "Greenhouse Effect", "Biotic resources", "Salinization", "accidents", "Impacts of Genetically Modified Organisms", "Footprint", "Atmospheric temperature rise", "Ocean temperature rise", "Melting of glaciers and ice", "Sea level rise", "Weather-based natural disasters", "Emission-based Impact Categories", "Narrow Scope", "Limited Representativeness", "Surface Temperature Increase", "Atmospheric Climate Models", "Emission Scenario", "Oceanic methane hydrate", "Atmospheric oxygen content effect", "Methane hydrate release", "End-Permian extinction event warming", "Phytoplankton", "Oxygen", "Thermohaline Circulation Slowing", "Thermohaline Circulation", "Global Heat Distribution", "Oceanic Nutrient Transport", "Deep Ocean Water Renewal", "Gulf stream alteration", "irreversible climate change", "Tropical Cyclone Activity", "Heavy Precipitation", "Droughts", "Wildfires", "Heat Waves", "Hydrological System Alteration", "Agricultural Crop Yield Impacts", "Species Range Shifts", "Infectious Disease Vector Changes", "oxygen production", "temperature increase", "disease", "malnutrition", "starvation", "nonlinearity", "feedback reactions", "Infrared radiation", "GHG emissions", "Transport, transformation and distribution of GHG in the atmosphere", "radiative forcing", "Increase in global temperatures", "Increase in sea level", "Increased water vapour content of the atmosphere", "Extreme weather", "GWP100", "GWP100 of 28 kg CO2-eq/kg methane", "GWP of 1", "IPCC Fifth Assessment Report", "Nitrous Oxide", "IPCC 2014a", "12 year atmospheric lifetime", "long atmospheric lifetime", "GWP20", "natural greenhouse effect", "Chlorofluorocarbons", "Sulphur hexafluoride", "Fossil fuel burning", "Deforestation", "IPCC First Assessment Report", "N2O", "Increased atmospheric concentrations", "Increased radiative forcing", "Increased atmospheric temperature", "Extreme weather events", "Melting of land ice", "Solar radiation", "28% reflection", "Earth's surface", "housing", "Sulphate aerosols", "Sulphur oxides", "Combustion processes", "Ozone", "long-lived", "short-lived", "CFCs", "SF6", "short-lived radiative forcing agents", "100-year time horizon", "500 year time horizon", "tropospheric ozone", "Stratospheric Ozone", "concentration of about 8 ppmv at 15-40 km altitude", "ground-level pollutant", "climate damage models", "climate change assessment", "long-term climate change contributions", "rate of temperature change", "expressed in different metrics", "magnitude of long-term temperature increase", "rate of change", "Ozone Depletion", "Ozone Column Concentration", "Dobson Units", "Pollutant", "Harmful Effects on Humans, Animals, Plants and Materials", "Vital to Life on Earth", "Absorbs UV Radiation", "Declining Stratospheric Ozone Concentrations", "Ozone Hole", "Ozone Depletion Area", "UV-B", "photochemical smog", "harmful pollutant", "UV-C", "most dangerous wavelength range", "Ozone layer", "UV-C filtering", "wavelengths 280–315 nm", "UV-B exposure", "Skin cancer", "Cataract", "immune system diseases", "epidermal damage to animals", "reduced photosynthesis", "lower crop yields", "phytoplankton loss", "Polar Stratospheric Clouds", "ozone destruction", "Bromine compounds", "O3 formation", "O3 destruction", "UV Radiation", "Ozone depleting substances", "Polar vortex", "stratospheric winds", "Increased UV Radiation", "Reduced Absorption of Solar Radiation in Stratosphere", "Increased UV Radiation at Planet Surface", "Wavelength", "UV-A", "Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use", "Electricity and Heat Production", "Other Energy", "GHG emission shares", "Chlorine radicals", "Stability", "stratospheric ozone reduction", "bromine", "Ozone Depletion Potential", "Halocarbon emissions", "Depletion of stratospheric ozone", "HCFCs", "halons", "N2O emissions", "Increased UVB radiation intensity at Earth's surface", "CFC-11 equivalents", "halogen compounds", "used as solvents or refrigerants", "used as fire extinguishers", "Halogenated substances", "Chemical stability in lower atmosphere", "Chloride or bromide release under UV radiation", "bromochloromethanes", "anthropogenic ODS", "carbon tetrachloride", "hydrobromofluorocarbons", "Tetrachloromethane", "1,1,1-trichloroethane", "methyl bromide", "methyl chloride", "halon", "fire extinguishing systems", "plastic foams", "spray cans", "fumigate and pesticides", "metered-dose inhalers", "refrigeration and air-conditioning", "solvent degreasing", "natural ozone depleting substances", "Metal corrosion", "Surface coating degradation", "Energy sector", "ODP", "End-of-life treatment", "LCIAMethod", "long-lived halocarbons", "Net Primary Production", "forest decline", "ozone-depleting gases", "Refrigeration Systems", "Air-Conditioning Systems", "NO", "NO2", "nitric acid", "HONO2", "reduction in acid neutralising capacity", "Hydrogen ions", "Air-borne emissions", "Coal-fired power generation", "Cation uptake by plants", "SO3", "deposition", "Precipitation", "Ammonia", "Nitrite", "Nitrate", "Hydrochloric Acid", "Sulphuric acid", "Regional effect", "Plant leaf damage", "Soil acidification", "Soil pH reduction", "Metal ion release", "Plant toxicity", "Metal ion leaching", "Metal nutrient limitation", "Acidified soil water", "Lake acidification", "Soil geology", "Soil nature", "Calcareous soils", "High calcium carbonate content", "Calcium carbonate", "pH buffering", "Hydrogen ion neutralization", "Clay-rich soils", "Resistance to acidification", "Sandy soils", "Acidification sensitivity", "Oceanic acidification", "CO2 dissolution in seawater", "Atmospheric CO2 concentration", "pH reduction", "Dissolved CO2 formation", "Toxic metal solubility increase", "Aluminium precipitation on fish gills", "Pig Farms", "Chicken Farms", "Manure Dispersion", "sulphur dioxide", "Metal Smelting", "Thermal Power Plants", "Combustion Engines", "Waste Incinerators", "Decentralised Furnaces", "SOx", "SOx emissions", "Sulphur Content of Fuels", "Combustion Process Conditions", "Flue Gas Treatment", "NOx Reduction", "Catalysers", "Sulphur Removal from Fuels", "SOx Reduction", "Acidification Potential", "Potency of Emitted Gas", "Sensitivity of Receiving Environment", "Buffering Capacity of Soils", "Ability to Release Protons", "Newer Characterisation Models", "NH3", "Atmospheric fate and transport", "Wet and dry deposition", "Deposition on vegetation", "Deposition on land", "Damage to leaves and needles", "Buffering and change in soil pH", "Leaching of H+", "Toxicity to roots", "Acid stress and toxicity in lakes", "Damage to freshwater ecosystems", "Damage to crops", "Damage to forestry", "Nutrient availability", "Water Quality Degradation", "Oxygen depletion", "Algal Bloom", "Aquatic Ecosystem Imbalance", "Nitrogen compound loading", "Hypoxia", "Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen compounds", "Changes in species composition", "macronutrients", "primary producers", "micronutrients", "necessary for growth", "Sulphur", "atmospheric deposition of sulphur", "carbon", "Potassium", "Magnesium", "calcium", "Iron", "manganese", "silicon", "boron", "terrestrial plant growth", "Nutrient Enrichment", "nutrient salts", "planktonic algae biomass production", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Biologically Available Nitrogen", "Biologically Available Phosphorus", "aquatic food chain", "Primary consumers", "Secondary consumers", "Nitrogen compounds", "Phosphorus compounds", "Bioavailable phosphorus", "Molecular nitrogen (N2)", "Nitrogen or Phosphorus emissions", "site-dependent", "reference substance", "Phosphorus emissions", "Algae and Plant Growth", "Water Column Stratification", "Oxygen Depletion in Bottom Layers", "Hydrogen Sulphide Formation", "Sunlight Reduction in Lower Layers", "Temperature Gradient Formation", "Water turbidity", "Algae decomposition", "Suffocation of bottom-dwelling species", "Decomposition of dead species", "Waterborne emissions of N and P compounds", "Waterborne emissions of dissolved organic compounds", "Increased nutrient concentration in aquatic compartments", "Increased alga growth", "Airborne emissions of N-compounds", "Terrestrial eutrophication", "Increased leaching to groundwater", "kg N-equivalents", "kg P-equivalents", "Nitrogenous substances", "Phosphorous-containing substances", "Agricultural emissions", "Freshwater", "Denitrification", "Oxygen depletion in bottom strata of lakes and coastal waters", "Increased/critical exposure of aquatic ecosystems", "Increased/critical exposure of terrestrial ecosystems", "Damage to fishing", "Chronic effects on vegetation", "Local or Regional Impact", "Phosphates", "Nitrates", "Inorganic fertilisers", "Nitrogen emissions", "Manure", "Lake sediments", "Freshwater loading", "BOD", "COD", "Potentially Disappeared Fraction of species", "Net Primary Productivity loss", "P-equivalents", "N-equivalents", "P-limited ecosystems", "N-limited ecosystems", "Tropospheric Ozone Formation", "photo-oxidant formation", "Photosmog", "Summer Smog", "Wastewater Treatment Plants", "Fish farming", "Leaching", "Runoff", "Atmospheric deposition", "carbon monoxide", "Respiratory Disease", "Reactive Oxygen Compounds", "peroxy radicals", "CO", "Vegetation Damage", "Damage to Man-made Materials", "reactive chemical compounds", "Oxidation", "VOC Transformation Products", "Troposphere", "Ozone Formation Potential", "RH", "O3", "Geographic displacement", "Double bonds in VOC molecules", "free oxygen atoms", "oxidants", "Alkenes", "Aromatics", "Aldehydes", "Formaldehyde", "Ketones", "Alkanes", "Alcohols", "Esters", "Halocarbon", "Photochemical oxidants", "Inhalation Exposure", "Respiratory Organ Effects", "Respiratory irritation", "Pulmonary edema", "Increased mortality", "Chronic respiratory illness", "road traffic", "organic solvents", "loss of agricultural yield", "Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds", "Non-methane Hydrocarbons", "Hydrocarbons", "VOC", "Spatial and Temporal Specificity", "substance emission", "mobility", "POCP", "Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential", "MIR", "Maximum Incremental Reactivity", "ozone formation", "Persistence", "ecotoxicity characterisation factor", "Exposure patterns and bioavailability", "Environmental persistence", "Chemical emissions", "Terrestrial Ecotoxicity", "Freshwater Ecotoxicity", "Marine ecotoxic impact", "Combustion processes in transport", "Combustion processes in energy systems", "Waste incineration systems", "Airborne emissions of NOx", "Airborne emissions of VOCs", "Increase in tropospheric ozone concentration", "Increased/critical exposure of vegetation", "Increased/critical exposure of humans", "Acute effects on vegetation", "Chronic effects on humans", "Acute effects on humans", "Exposure modeling", "Bioavailability", "Effect modeling", "Severity Model", "Fate Factor", "ecosystem exposure factor", "Ecotoxicological effect factor", "ecosystem severity factor", "midpoint effects", "endpoint effects", "EFeco", "damage factor", "SFeco", "CFeco", "midpoint ecotoxicity characterisation factor", "potentially toxic substances", "mass flows", "integration of impact over time and space", "transformation and distribution between environmental compartments", "Fate modeling", "mass per functional unit", "contact between organism and pollutant", "Sorption", "Dissolution", "Dissociation", "Speciation", "Bioaccessibility", "Concentration-response curve", "Multimedia Transport", "Spatial Transport", "Environmental compartments", "partitioning", "Diffusion", "Advection", "Convection", "Biodegradation", "Hydrolysis", "Photolysis", "Degradation", "Toxic Breakdown Compounds", "Burial in Sediments", "Acute Toxicity", "Short-term Exposure", "Chronic Toxicity", "Prolonged Exposure", "Covers at least one life cycle", "Ecotoxicity Tests", "Half-life", "EC50", "Effect Concentration", "fraction of test group affected", "Affected", "reduced mobility", "reduced growth", "reduced reproduction rate", "Species Sensitivity Distribution", "represents sensitivity of entire ecosystem to a substance", "marine ecosystems", "geometric mean of toxicity values", "cold-blooded species", "freshwater ecosystem", "algae", "zooplankton", "invertebrates", "piscivorous fish", "USEtox fate model", "Tens of thousands of relevant chemicals", "Toxicity categories", "Hazardous Concentration at 50%", "Potentially Affected Fraction of species", "m3/kg", "fate and exposure accounting", "REACH", "chemical substance registration", "CLP", "chemical substance classification and labelling", "species disappearance", "characterisation method", "key properties of the chemical", "Mechanistic models", "Environmental Impact Characterisation", "Environmental Process", "Impact Characterisation", "Ecotoxicity Characterisation Models", "Ecotoxicity Endpoint Modelling", "Multimedia-based Models", "USES-LCA", "environmental multimedia multipathway models", "human and ecotoxicity characterisation in LCIA", "US-EPA", "mechanistic, multimedia fate, exposure and effect models", "key property-based partial fate models", "non-fate models", "Mechanistic characterisation modelling", "Exposure patterns", "Dose-Response Assessment", "Environmental fate modeling", "Environmental Mechanism Modelling", "Human Exposure Model", "Cancer risks", "Non-cancer diseases", "Chemical exposure", "Dietary habits", "Chemical ingredients in products", "product production", "Marine Ecotoxicity", "Pesticide toxicity in pollinators", "ILCD handbooks on LCIA", "Midpoint Human Toxicity Characterisation Factor", "Number of Cases per kg Emitted", "Endpoint Human Health Characterisation Factor", "Disability-Adjusted Life Years per kg Emitted", "Disability-Adjusted Life Years", "Population Life Years Lost", "Direct Intake", "Bioconcentration", "Exposure pathway", "Chemical", "exposure routes", "Ingestion", "Dermal exposure", "Exposure Assessment", "Human Health Characterisation Factor", "Human Exposure Factor", "Human Toxicity Effect Factor", "Human Health Severity Factor", "toxic effects", "Intake Fraction", "Exposure Factor", "Dioxins", "Food Contamination", "cancer", "Non-cancer", "Severity Factor", "Disability-adjusted life years per disease case", "Secondary Particulate Matter", "Precursor Substances", "Comparative Toxic Unit for humans", "CTUh", "human toxicity midpoint indicators", "non-cancer effects", "Cancer effects", "Comparative Damage Unit for human health", "CDUh", "endpoint modelling", "Global Disease Burden", "Secondary PM Formation", "Atmospheric Chemistry", "Secondary PM", "effect assessment", "Exposure-Response Functions", "Occupational Exposure", "indoor-exposure in private households", "Ambient Outdoor Exposure", "10−10 to 10−5 range", "high intake fraction", "dermal uptake", "Sulphate", "Secondary particles", "Premature Mortality", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Lung Cancer", "Road Transport", "Primary Particulate Matter", "Farming Activities", "PM2.5", "Primary PM", "Secondary PM Precursor Substances", "Health Impacts from PM Emissions", "LCIA Framework for Air Pollutants", "PM10", "Respirable Particles", "Fine Particles", "Particulate Matter Exposure", "Output Metrics", "Global population exposure to outdoor and indoor emissions", "Direct exposure related to product use", "Outdoor PM Pollution", "Household PM Pollution from Solid Fuels", "Urban Outdoor Exposure", "Rural Outdoor Exposure", "kg in air integrated over one day per kg emitted", "kg PM inhaled per kg PM in air integrated over one day", "Human Intake Fraction", "PM Emissions", "effect factor", "Disease Incidence", "Particulate Matter Air Concentration", "Population Risk", "disease cases per kg PM inhaled", "Disease Severity", "DALY per disease case", "Activity patterns", "Background PM concentration", "Exposure-response relationship", "exposure-response curve", "marginal approach", "average approach", "background concentrations in air", "working points", "coal/gas-fired power plants", "solid fuels combustion", "emission height", "health effects from PM exposure", "CML 2002", "Particle Emissions", "van Zelm et al. (2008)", "Particulate Matter Characterisation", "Primary PM10", "Secondary PM10", "Gronlund et al. (2015)", "Primary PM2.5", "Secondary PM2.5 Precursors", "Soil Area", "Soil loss", "Soil degradation", "Soil depletion rate", "Soil formation rate", "Unsustainable management practices", "Land competition", "Forest clearing", "Biodiversity decline", "Hydrological cycle", "biodiversity reduction", "Climate Regulation", "Land Cover Change", "Albedo Change", "River diversion", "Hydrological cycle alteration", "Precipitation partitioning", "Mechanised farming", "Soil compaction", "Erosion", "Land-use Activities", "Ecological functions", "Land-use Impact Category", "Consequences of Human Land Use", "Land Cover", "environmental consequences", "Soil Depletion", "Soil Formation", "Tropical Deforestation", "Precipitation Reduction", "Desertification", "Soil erosion", "Food Production Decline", "Wetland Loss", "Flood and Drought Risk", "Forest Loss", "Mangrove Loss", "Water Cycle Change", "Freshwater Appropriation", "Land Occupation", "Physical Changes to Soil", "Altered Soil Function", "Net Primary Production Change", "Warming Effect", "soil quality", "Topography", "Land Transformation", "Chemical changes to flora and fauna", "Altered species composition", "Reduction of habitat size", "Affected biodiversity", "Irrigation", "Possible midpoint LCIA indicators", "Endpoint LCIA indicators", "Changes in CO2, N2O and CH4 release", "Downstream sediment deposition", "Local Impact Category", "Land-Use Impact Methods", "Geospatial Data", "Habitat Sensitivity", "Soil erosion characterisation factors", "soil depth", "Soil loss impact", "soil stock size", "Land use characterisation", "Biodiversity Damage", "Provisioning Services", "Regulating Services", "Cultural Services", "Supporting Services", "Species richness", "Biodiversity impacts", "surface occupied and time of occupation", "surface transformed", "spatial and temporal conditions", "traditional LCA", "site-generic", "geographical information system software", "land-use impacts modeling", "impacts on ecosystem services", "terrestrial ecosystems services", "LANCA", "Biotic production potential", "soil organic matter content", "biotic production", "human appropriation of biotic production", "Carbon sequestration potential", "CO2 transfers between vegetation/soil and atmosphere", "Freshwater regulation potential", "peak flow and base flow of surface water", "PDF.m2", "Chaudhary et al. (2015)", "Potential Species Loss from Land Use", "evapotranspiration", "groundwater infiltration", "surface runoff", "Water purification potential", "soil texture", "soil porosity", "cation exchange capacity", "Erosion regulation potential", "double counting", "emissions characterisation", "water cycle", "plant transpiration", "industrial uses", "domestic uses", "Ecosystem quality degradation", "Water Quality", "water use impact assessment", "Desertification regulation potential", "capacity of dry lands to resist irreversible degradation", "Desertification ecosystem vulnerability", "climate aridity", "aquifer exploitation", "fire risk", "Emission models", "Land-use models", "Water withdrawal", "Consumptive use", "Degradative use", "evaporation, product integration, or relocation", "quality degradation at source location", "ISO 2014", "water quantity", "Watershed", "Water Pollution", "organic", "inorganic", "thermal", "Surface water", "Water sources", "Groundwater", "Rainwater", "sea water", "Fossil water", "non-renewable", "Water Deprivation", "Midpoint level impact assessment", "Water Scarcity Factor", "Regional Water Availability", "Water Scarcity Footprint", "Water Scarcity Indicator", "User Deprivation Potential", "Water Deprivation Impact", "Local water issues", "Blue water", "Lakes", "Rivers", "Fossil aquifers", "Groundwater aquifers", "Water-Related Diseases", "Water Deprivation in Agriculture", "Lower Food Availability", "Malnutrition Impacts", "Water Deprivation in Aquaculture", "Lower Fish Supply", "Reduced Water Availability for Ecosystems", "Groundwater table lowering", "Aquifer level reduction", "Vegetation water access loss", "Vegetation roots", "desalinisation", "freshwater import", "Domestic Water Deprivation", "Stress/Scarcity Index", "Midpoint", "Scarcity Index", "Comparison between water used and renewable water available", "Withdrawal-to-Availability Ratio", "Farm machinery use", "forest conversion to agricultural land", "species richness reduction", "double counting resolution", "consumption-to-availability ratio", "River Flow Alteration", "Species Density Loss", "Lake Volume Reduction", "Water Quality Alteration", "Water Depth Reduction", "Contaminant Concentration", "Groundwater Availability", "Lake Water Availability", "Human Interference with Flow Variation", "water deprivation for human users", "impact pathway from water consumption to water deprivation for human users leading to potential impacts on human health", "Water Demand to Availability Ratio", "Environmental Water Requirements", "Demand-to-Availability based", "water demand", "Aridity", "quality aspect", "water quality categories", "distance-to-target methods", "dilution volume equivalent", "damage to health", "DALY/m3 consumed", "Motoshita et al. 2011", "Boulay et al. 2011", "ecosystem quality impacts", "Pellston Workshop report from Valencia, 2016", "Agricultural deprivation", "Pfister et al. 2009", "user competition factor (scarcity)", "trade effect", "AWARE", "WULCA", "area-specific Available Water Remaining", "Available Water Remaining", "deprivation potential for water users", "water quality aspects", "water unavailability", "Watershed alteration", "Saline intrusion", "Groundwater table change", "Soil moisture change", "Thermic pollution", "Suspended solids", "Groundwater consumption", "Surface water consumption", "Water fragmentation", "Surface water temperature change", "Flow variability alteration", "Artificial barrier to migration", "habitat alterations", "Constrained water availability", "Consumptive use of water", "Water infrastructure", "Ecosystem Services and Resources", "Scarcity", "Non-renewable Water from Fossil Aquifers", "anthropocentric starting point", "human livelihood and activities", "future resource availability", "future generations' needs", "water-related impact assessment methods", "water-related indicators", "Occupation Perspective", "Transformation Perspective", "Resource Loss", "Transformation", "Consumptive resource use", "Dispersive resource use", "fossil resources", "functional values", "intrinsic values", "existence values", "resource availability for future generations", "future consequences of resource extraction", "resource provision", "security of supply", "energy requirement", "lower concentration resources", "additional extraction efforts", "Decreased availability", "Damage to availability of resources for human wealth", "regeneration", "Future availability", "Recovery", "Future provision of needs", "Stock size", "Regeneration rates", "Recovery fractions", "resource depletion impact category", "direct emissions", "mining and processing of mineral resources", "Mineral Ores", "Wood", "Fish", "Direct Environmental Impact", "Fund resources", "Flow resources", "Renewable resources", "Stock resources", "Non-renewable energy resources", "Gravel", "Methods aggregating natural resource consumption based on inherent property", "Methods relating natural resource consumption to resource stocks or availability", "Methods relating current natural resource consumption to consequences of future extraction", "Solar energy", "CML-IA", "Ecological Scarcity Method", "resource accounting", "Stock-to-Extraction Ratio", "Reserves", "Economically Feasible with Current Technology", "Category 2 Methods", "Reserve Base", "Demonstrated Resource", "ultimate reserves", "Earth's Crust", "Economically Feasible to Exploit", "Potential to Become Economically and Technically Available", "Estimate", "Natural concentration in earth's crust", "Extractable geologic resource", "Ultimate recoverable resource", "Ultimately extractable reserves", "Economically viable to extract", "Fluctuates with technological advances", "inorganic materials", "finite and fixed amount", "not regenerated or regenerated slowly", "metals in ores", "regenerate", "can be depleted if extraction rate exceeds regeneration rate", "dependency on uncertain assumptions about future efficiencies and energy needs", "reserve base estimates", "abiotic stock resources", "renewable resources assessment", "extraction rates", "additional energy requirements", "Surplus Cost Potential", "EPS 2000", "willingness to pay", "Stepwise method", "Ore Requirement Indicator ORI", "additional ore material", "Surplus Ore Potential SOP", "LC-IMPACT LCIA method", "Economic Resource Scarcity Potential", "Schneider et al. (2014)", "raw materials criticality", "metal content in ore", "elementary flows of mineral and metal resources", "metal used as input", "Global land use impacts on biomass production", "resource-related life cycle impact assessment model", "ambient PM2.5", "global mortality", "off-stream freshwater use", "Water Impact Index", "Water Accounting and Vulnerability Evaluation", "atmospheric evaporation recycling", "freshwater depletion risk", "Mineral and Metal Resources", "Geological Stock", "Anthropogenic Stock", "Price and Density", "Global Scale Trading", "Regional Scale Extraction", "Sand and Gravel", "Land Use Impacts on Biotic Production", "Global Characterisation Factors", "Ambient Air Pollution Exposure", "Global Burden of Disease", "Land use in life cycle assessment", "Regional and global potential species extinction", "Cumulative Exergy Extraction from the Natural Environment", "Health effects of fine particulate matter", "Framework and requirements for Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) models and indicators", "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "Environmental Footprint", "Swiss eco-factors 2013", "ReCiPe 2008", "Swiss Eco-scarcity method", "Environmental Studies No. 1330", "fate and ecotoxicity factors", "blue water footprints", "blue water availability", "Impact assessment of resources and land use", "Species Diversity", "NMVOC group emissions", "Abiotic Depletion Potential", "annual extraction rate", "reserve estimates", "Global Freshwater Scarcity", "Appropriated Carrying Capacity", "Consumption and Production Impacts", "Agricultural water scarcity", "freshwater consumption", "Climatic impact", "Land use impacts on freshwater regulation", "Erosion regulation", "Water Purification", "Solar energy demand", "commodity life cycles", "Anthropogenic Stock Extended Abiotic Depletion Potential", "Abiotic Resource Depletion", "Footprint Metrics", "Area of Concern", "mineral deposits", "primary metal resource use", "Peter Fantke", "Montserrat Núñez", "Michael Hauschild", "Anne-Marie Boulay", "health impact assessment", "uncertainty communication", "presentation of uncertainty information", "Uncertainty interpretation", "LCA robustness", "Precision of study", "Uncertainty Propagation", "Science-Based Decision-Making", "comparison of alternative options", "point estimate", "reproducible, single value output", "correlations between options", "superposed distributions", "overlapping distributions", "scenario comparison", "uncertainty in modelling and measurements", "Study Precision", "Robustness of Conclusions", "Inter-individual Variability", "Measurement Error", "Sampling Representativeness", "Measurement Method Suitability", "Knowledge Acquisition", "Additional Measurements", "model refinement", "Sensitivity", "variation of input parameter", "model result", "model parameters", "overall uncertainty", "Random and systematic errors", "Epistemological uncertainty", "Model Result Variation", "Continuous Input Parameters", "Discrete Choice", "Local Sensitivity Analysis", "Accuracy", "Precision", "Conformance to Correct Value or Standard", "Refinement in Measurement", "discrete choice between fixed options", "global sensitivity analysis", "considers range of variation of input parameters as function of uncertainty", "varying one parameter at a time", "used in various and inconsistent ways in literature", "cumulative radiative forcing", "IPCC 2007", "total potential contribution to global warming", "precise but inaccurate for total warming potential", "time-integrated radiative forcing of a substance per unit mass emitted", "precise indicator", "low environmental relevance", "higher environmental relevance", "greater accuracy for environmental impacts", "closeness to true value", "reproducibility", "model result quality", "measurement reproducibility", "higher precision", "lower precision", "greater modelling complexity", "melting polar caps", "increased competition for food", "lower uncertainty", "Lost species", "Lost lives", "Decision Implementation", "Higher variability than climate change", "Environmental relevance of indicators", "Endpoint", "uncertainty of interpretation", "higher precision quantification", "less relevant for environmental consequences", "damage level", "LCA indicators", "probability density function", "probability distribution", "simplification of reality", "meaningful level of complexity", "model overall error", "inaccurate representation error", "oversimplification error", "parsimony principle", "normal distribution", "uncertainty range", "95% interval", "environmental modelling", "standard deviation", "arithmetic mean", "continuous distributions", "log-normal distribution", "beta distribution", "binomial distribution", "discrete distributions", "Poisson distribution", "hypergeometric distribution", "probability mass function", "95% uncertainty interval", "range between μ - 2σ and μ + 2σ", "68% uncertainty interval", "range within σ from mean", "dispersion of input parameter", "mean", "central tendency of input parameter", "median", "right skewed", "Geometric Standard Deviation squared (GSD2)", "95% uncertainty interval bounds", "2.5th and 97.5th percentiles", "uncertainty intervals", "confidence intervals", "distribution type", "Impact Score Uncertainty", "Variability between objects", "Uncertainty due to choices", "Mistakes", "Uncertainty Classification", "Scenario uncertainty", "Model Input Parameters", "Model Setup and Boundary Conditions", "Model Application and Use", "Representativeness", "Uncertainty and Variability", "Environmental Relevance Uncertainty", "Environmental Mechanism Representation", "central limit theorem", "LCA input parameters", "climate change-related human health impacts", "relevance uncertainty", "Uncertainty Sources", "Technology differences between factories", "Technology relevance differences for impact categories", "Environmental, ecological and human characteristics differences", "Individual preferences in panel method", "Inaccurate or non-representative inventory data", "Uncertainty in substance lifetimes", "Inaccurate normalisation data", "uncertainty of conclusion or decision", "indicator representativeness", "relevance", "measurement uncertainty", "reliability of measurement", "Completeness of impact categories", "Environmental relevance and representativeness", "influence on results", "Ignorance about relevant aspects of studied system", "Ignorance about modelled processes", "Ignorance about relevant impact mechanisms", "Ignorance about relevant environmental processes", "Ignorance about relevant priorities", "intrinsic property of model result", "uncertainty of numerical model output", "biodiesel environmental preference assessment", "comparison between all processes", "systematic error", "affects compared objects uniformly", "absolute terms", "relative terms", "Model Complexity", "Representativeness Uncertainty", "Model Simplicity", "Parameter Count", "Random Errors", "Process Representation", "simplicity and complexity balance", "parameter and model uncertainty balance", "indicator values", "environmental consequences representation", "simple model", "high scenario and relevance uncertainty", "Model and parameter uncertainties", "complex model", "high model uncertainty", "uncertainty in absolute terms", "predictions of observable impacts", "uncertainty of difference between compared alternatives", "variability of measurable parameters", "Qualitative uncertainty analysis", "pedigree matrix", "Basic uncertainty", "parameter variability analysis", "fuzzy data sets", "Bayesian statistics", "Data Quality Indicators", "reliability", "Temporal Correlation", "Geographical Correlation", "Technological Correlation", "Additional Uncertainty", "Numerical Score", "data uncertainty", "Imperfect Data", "uncertainty factors", "iterative model calculations with sampled probability distributions", "coefficient of variation", "universal measure of variability", "toxicity characterisation", "Spatiotemporal variability", "data-related base uncertainty", "empirical data", "uncertainty measures", "distribution shape", "simple random sampling", "Monte Carlo sampling", "Latin Hypercube Sampling", "Stratified Sampling", "Uncertainty Estimates", "number of iterations", "accuracy of Monte Carlo analysis", "LCI model complexity", "Monte Carlo simulation time", "input parameter variance", "mutual independence of input parameters", "parameter correlation", "covariance", "parameter dependency", "input parameter correlation", "Robustness of results", "sampling method", "first-order approximation", "Gaussian approximation", "Taylor series expansion", "correlation coefficient", "Model Output Uncertainty", "correlation", "Analytical approach", "variance of input variables", "Relative simplicity", "Fast calculation speed", "High computational time", "analytical methods", "Limited to linear and continuous models", "numerical methods", "Sensitivity Coefficients", "Model Output Change", "Output Variance", "Perturbation analysis", "Interpretation and Use of Uncertainty Information", "Eq. 11.3", "allocation rules", "input parameters", "Input Data", "Model Output", "First-Order Taylor Expansion", "Linear functions", "small uncertainties", "Monte Carlo", "nonlinear functions", "instant calculation time", "hours to days calculation time", "Identification of significant issues", "uncertainty ranking", "overall uncertainty of the model result", "difference between impact scores", "uncertainty of difference", "screening level analysis", "Importance analysis", "Uncertainty contribution analysis", "Impact contribution analysis", "Dominance Analysis", "Identification of important sources of uncertainty", "Data acquisition", "spatially resolved data", "temporally explicit data", "Unit Process Identification", "Regionalised LCIA Characterisation Factor", "Partial Regionalisation", "Difference Method", "Impact Score Comparison", "Ratio Method", "probability calculation", "Environmental Preferability", "probability of superiority", "probability quantification", "robustness of recommendation", "analytical propagation method", "climate change results", "XLERATOR", "lowest impact score", "secondary data", "hand dryer comparison study", "output uncertainty calculation", "paired comparison", "Ratio of Scenario Outcomes", "Standard Dryer", "Virgin Paper Towels", "Scenario Comparison Robustness", "recycled paper towels", "recycled paper processing", "statistical analysis", "single scenario", "multiple scenarios", "Fuel", "statistical significance", "hypothesis testing", "climate change impact score ratio", "identifying purpose and target audience", "Uncertainty Representation", "Familiarity with LCA", "Interpretation Variation", "Robustness", "LCA-based decision-making", "uncertainty of results", "Executive Summary", "high-level decision-makers", "Technical Summary", "medium-level decision-makers", "window frames LCA case study", "assumptions and hypotheses", "scientific knowledge and understanding", "LCA expert", "Informed stakeholders", "Robustness of numerical results", "Robustness of conclusions and recommendations", "Sensitive underlying assumptions", "Sensitive data", "Qualitative discussion", "Underlying assumptions", "deterministic results", "Progressive Disclosure of Information", "Layers of Information", "Quantified Evaluation", "Qualitative Appreciation", "Uncertainty Description", "Report Summary", "USEtox 2.02", "uncertainty distribution", "Qualitative presentation", "Descriptive presentation", "Graphical presentation", "Numerical presentation", "reporting sources of uncertainty", "reporting central tendencies", "reporting ranges", "Verbal presentation", "LCA conclusions and recommendations", "Probability Distribution Functions", "Cumulative Distribution Functions", "Probability Boxes", "error bars", "Range", "False Precision", "Uncertainty bands", "Box plots", "Uncertainty bars", "uncertainty visualization", "axis scale", "underlying uncertainty", "uncertainty spanning multiple orders of magnitude", "Tiered Approach", "Qualitative Uncertainty Source Listing", "Full Uncertainty Assessment", "Guidance on Characterizing and Communicating Uncertainty in Exposure Assessment", "Background LCI Data", "Default Uncertainties", "LCIA factors", "LCA practice", "Probabilistic uncertainty analysis", "Screening uncertainty analysis", "WHO Uncertainty Characterization Framework", "Deterministic uncertainty analysis", "Tiered Uncertainty Assessment Framework", "Inherent to LCA", "LCA Data", "LCA Assumptions", "Tier 0", "Minimum transparency with clear definition of notable difference between scenarios", "Tier 1", "Screening level identification of important sources of parameter uncertainty", "Tier 2", "Tier 3", "Quantitative uncertainty assessment of all sources of uncertainty", "Tier 4", "Fully probabilistic LCA", "iterative improvement of data", "iterative improvement of models", "iterative improvement of assumptions", "Environmental Performance Indicators", "Quantification and storage of uncertainty, variability, and correlation", "Propagation of input uncertainties to model output uncertainty", "impact coverage", "Relative Difference in Potential Impacts", "Absolute Impacts", "De Schryver et al. (2011)", "value-choices", "Clavreul et al. (2013)", "Stochastic and Epistemic Uncertainties", "Probability and Possibility Theories", "LCA Results Communication", "Spatial Differentiation in Life Cycle Impact Assessment", "uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in life cycle assessment", "Probability bounds approach", "Chemical Alternatives Assessment", "consumer exposure", "Conclusions and Recommendations", "consistency", "Completeness check", "Sensitivity check", "Consistency check", "Evaluation of Issues", "Significant Issues", "life cycle impacts", "Heat Loss", "Heating Sources Mix", "Normalisation references", "evaluation element", "Evaluation", "Results Reliability", "Results Stability", "Life Cycle Inventory Phase", "Contribution Analysis", "Single Issue Variation", "Joint Variation", "Study Outcome", "Key Processes", "Impact Assessment Factors", "Data Deficiency", "heat mix", "representative for district heating", "geographically representative for Norway and Switzerland", "Activities", "Methodological uncertainty", "allocation principles", "boundary setting", "EU27 heat mix", "Sensitivity Uncertainty", "Collecting Better Data", "System Definition", "Inventory data quality", "time-related", "geographical", "technological", "Completeness Evaluation", "Consistency Evaluation", "total impact", "heat losses through window", "wood/composite window", "lowest impact among compared windows", "technological changes in heat supply", "use stage impacts", "Preliminary conclusions", "Technological Improvements Expected in Other Stages", "Interpretation for Comparative Studies", "Significant Issues Differences Between Product Systems", "difference between product systems", "difference between systems", "co-variation between processes", "ISO TS 14071", "mistake identification", "Quality assurance mechanism", "Quality and robustness standards", "key assumptions", "Methodological choices", "System Boundary Setting", "Fast-food restaurant LCA", "Excluded important processes", "Classic restaurant LCA", "Dust to Dust: The Energy Cost of New Vehicles From Concept to Disposal", "Hummer H2", "Energy per mile", "Hummer H3", "Toyota Prius", "process engineering", "environmental science", "fair comparison", "quality of LCA study", "critical review according to ISO 14044", "scientific peer-review", "Review schemes", "verification", "Comparison Against Objective Evidence", "reviewer qualifications for LCI datasets", "European reference Life Cycle Database ELCD", "Critical Review Process", "consistency between life cycle assessment and principles and requirements of International Standards on life cycle assessment", "trust in results", "concurrent review approach", "draft final reports review", "early problem correction", "methodology flaws", "assumptions and calculations", "integrated/interactive review", "a posteriori approach", "Reviewer Comments", "Critical Review Report", "Methods Consistency with International Standard", "Data Appropriateness", "Interpretation Consistency with Study Goal", "Study Report Transparency", "European PEF Guide", "Model Robustness", "Assessment of individual data sets", "Data accessibility", "ISO 14040:2014", "Practitioner Responses", "Study Changes", "Critical Review Report Template", "Critical Review Statement", "ISO 14040 Conformance", "conformity assessment", "strengths discussion", "limitations discussion", "review report", "Reviewer Recommendations", "Issuance Date", "Outstanding Issues", "LCA expertise", "Technical expertise", "Title of the study", "Commissioner of the LCA study", "Practitioner of the LCA study", "Reviewer Identification", "Review process description", "Scientific expertise", "reviewer tasks cannot be subcontracted", "requires non-disclosure agreement", "ISO 14044 criteria", "Reviewer Independence", "Reviewer qualification", "Reviewer Selection", "Reviewer Tasks", "Chairperson", "reviewer", "methodology conformance", "LCA goals", "Communication", "Project Management", "Technical Qualifications", "Experience", "LCA rigour", "Modelling", "hybrid input-output model", "process-LCA dataset", "Hybrid IO-LCA", "Inventory Collection", "Social Sustainability Metrics", "Economic Sustainability Metrics", "LCA databases", "process flow diagrams", "environmental impact estimation", "individual product", "missing data", "First tier inputs", "satellite accounts", "Direct Impacts", "embodied impacts", "Sector", "nonlinear models", "comprehensive", "fast", "whole economy", "Input-Output LCA", "macroeconomic system", "embodied impact intensities", "linear relationship between production and impacts", "impact attribution", "marginal changes in production", "limited coverage of environmental impact categories", "limited sector specific emissions for toxic substances", "higher accuracy in environmental impact databases", "screening level tool", "rapid and inexpensive to conduct", "limited product resolution", "aggregation errors", "data lag", "more diverse product disaggregation", "more diverse technology mixes", "economic and social sustainability assessment", "multiplier effects", "grain production", "Grain", "seed", "input–output ratio", "animal feed", "Supply Networks", "Economic Planning", "Truck Manufacture", "Metal Production", "machine manufacture", "ore mining", "Intermediate Production", "Total Production", "Intermediate Inputs", "machinery", "ores", "machines", "interconnected unit processes", "Leontief inverse", "shows system-wide interconnections of sectors in supply chain", "indirect multipliers", "describe total production needed to provide one unit of final demand", "requires 0.26 units of metals per truck (indirect)", "requires 0.15 units of metals per truck (direct)", "indirect inputs", "always bigger than direct inputs", "environmental extensions", "economic system", "Input Coefficients", "Final Demand Vector", "Intermediate Demand", "Final Demand", "emission intensities", "emissions per unit of production", "resources per unit of production", "Direct environmental impact multipliers", "0.01 m2 land area per unit production", "Mining", "Land use demand", "Steel industry", "Indirect input coefficients", "Trucks", "WIOD dataset", "embodied environmental impact intensity", "societal level", "WIOD", "input-output tables", "socio-economic accounts", "environmental accounts", "WIOT", "Danish steel industry", "Basic metals and fabricated metal", "Chinese steel industry", "Direct emission intensity", "CO2 emissions per monetary unit", "Production perspective", "input coefficient 0.55 in 2000", "input coefficient 0.62 in 2008", "Basis Metals and Fabricated Metal sector", "inputs from within sector", "ores from Australia", "emission intensity", "embodied emissions", "metal industry", "carbon footprint calculation", "monetary flow data", "Basic metals", "Mining and quarrying", "Steel products", "Electricity, gas and water supply", "processed metals", "China mining operations", "global supply chains", "Product Mix", "kg CO2/$", "Chinese metal products", "Carbon footprint of 2.20 kg CO2/$", "Danish metal products", "Carbon footprint of 0.32 kg CO2/$", "Metal products from Germany", "Embodied emissions in Danish metal supply chain", "Metal products from Russia", "Wholesale and retail trade", "identified cut-off", "Non-identified cut-off", "Non-metallic mineral", "IO dataset", "LCIA impact categories", "process-LCA climate impact", "cut-off impact", "B matrix", "C matrix", "Total output", "B matrix calculation", "CO2 emissions by sector", "maintenance services", "specialty metals", "Metal Depletion", "unidentified cut-off", "child labour", "Smartphone Supply Chain", "Trade Services", "Warehouse Work", "Missing Inventories", "physical processes", "lacking services", "tiered analysis", "input-output results", "monetary flows", "consumer prices", "producer prices", "stay at the hotel", "flight", "carbon intensities", "power generation and supply sector", "hotel carbon footprint", "hotel heating", "hotel stay", "carbon footprint components", "airplane travel", "CO2-eq", "emission intensity of airplane travel", "0.11 kg CO2-eq/tkm", "USEIO-LCA model", "economic flows", "emission intensity data", "428 sectors", "flight emissions", "high atmospheric altitude radiative forcing", "process-based inventories", "hotel energy efficiency", "emissions reduction", "renewable energy", "EIO-LCA dataset", "2002 base year", "producer prices basis", "Taxi", "Carbon intensity", "Hotels", "Restaurants", "Insurance", "Value Added", "Danish Basic Metal Industry", "Chinese Basic Metal Industry", "Infrastructure Costs", "IO-table", "LCA unit process database", "IO-table inputs", "other physical inputs", "Benchmarking", "industry average inputs", "process-LCA completeness", "Structural path analysis", "carbon footprint composition", "Financial Services", "Restaurant Services", "Hotel Services", "emission factors", "carbon footprint matrix", "repair services", "Path Exchange Method", "LCI Collection", "Global Inventories", "process-LCA collected inventory data", "Sankey diagram", "IO data import", "basic chemicals sector", "Path analysis", "Process system", "packaging materials", "Basic Chemicals", "OpenROV", "bills of materials", "WIOD 2008", "rubber and plastics sector", "Chemicals and chemical products", "Product Footprint", "WIOD IO-sector classes", "labour data", "Social Hotspot Database", "Working Conditions", "inventory and characterisation matrices", "total footprint", "supply of basic metals", "electronics supply chain", "imported electronics", "chemical industry inputs", "plastic parts", "Electricity use", "metal manufacturing", "chemical production", "Initial description of identified processes", "Input-Output datasets", "National accounts", "employment data", "value added data", "Triple Bottom Line Sustainability Assessment", "number of employees", "hours worked", "compensation paid", "country and sector risks", "hours worked in supply chain", "sector and country", "OpenROV 210 kg CO2e", "Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment", "Employment", "Employee Compensation", "Contribution Diagram", "Work Hour Footprint", "Work Hours", "USA Electronics Sector", "Chinese electronics sector", "45% low-skilled workers in 2008", "8% high-skilled workers in 2008", "4.7 $/h value added per hour", "1.6 $/h wages (labour compensation)", "knowledge intensive work", "EEIO Datasets", "publicly available", "regional coverage variability", "sector disaggregation variability", "impact categories variability", "worker wages", "worker amount", "work injuries", "supply chain analysis", "Social Responsibility", "40 regions", "35 sectors", "6 impact categories", "EORA", "190 regions", "85 sectors on average", "human appropriation of net primary production", "resource extraction impacts", "multiple region input–output analysis", "OECD input-output database", "58 regions", "48 sectors", "Eurostat database", "60 sector databases", "EU27 countries", "OECD inter-country IO dataset", "CEDA 4.0", "6 countries", "CEDA 5.0", "global coverage", "Waste Input–Output Table", "four impact categories", "waste processing", "Waste reuse", "2500 emission and resource depletion categories", "time series of footprint results", "technical information", "monetary allocation", "FORWAST", "waste modelling", "EXIOBASE 2.0", "48 regions", "163 sectors", "LCIA midpoint", "Global Trade Analysis Project", "129 regions", "57 sectors", "country total emission", "country total resource use", "industrial sites", "commercial sites", "commercial sectors", "emission source resolution", "location and sink resolution", "black carbon emissions", "diesel fuel energy consumption", "Forestry", "freight road transportation", "ship transport", "households", "Infrastructure construction", "construction investments", "capital investments", "waste treatment sector", "develop over time", "background datasets currency issue", "electronic and optical equipment", "electronic products", "kg CO2-eq", "circuit boards and electronic components", "0.58 kg CO2-eq carbon footprint", "electricity and signal testing", "carbon and graphite products", "sector aggregation", "underestimation of impacts", "IO satellite accounts", "Input-Output databases", "Flow estimation", "LCA completeness evaluation", "Background data provision", "Environmental Life Cycle Costing", "Societal Life Cycle Costing", "Power Series Expansion", "Structural Analysis", "Hybrid Approaches", "eLCC", "cost categories", "externalities monetarization", "Discounting", "Cradle to grave assessment", "infrastructure demolition", "infrastructure recycling", "temporal completeness", "single year of production", "Ex ante LCC", "prospective approach", "Ex post LCC", "retrospective approach", "Through-Life Costing", "Whole-Life Costing", "Total Cost of Ownership", "assesses costs over product life cycle", "versatile technique for decision-making support", "Conventional LCC", "Environmental LCC", "Societal LCC", "ISO 15663", "IEC 60300-3-3", "BS 3843", "AS/NZS 4536", "ISO 15686", "Hunkeler et al. 2008", "operational expenditures", "capital expenditures", "recycling costs", "costs", "revenues", "Installation", "Utilization", "target group", "level of detail", "operation phase", "fuel costs", "maintenance costs", "Manufacturer Perspective", "OPEX", "CAPEX", "Material & Installation", "Temporal Distribution", "Inflation", "Reference Year Adjustment", "Market Price Adjustment", "Inflation Rate", "Internal costs", "External costs", "borne by actors directly involved in product life cycle", "Time Preference", "Monetarisation", "Externalities", "financial LCC", "decision support tool", "procurement purposes", "profit", "planet", "people", "public health expenditures", "Particulate Matter Emissions", "Procurement", "Life cycle costs", "Net Present Value", "Discount Rate", "Exchange rate", "acquisition costs", "End of Life costs", "Activity-Based-Costing", "steady-state model", "Fuel combustion", "economic activity", "Difference between sales and purchases", "Economic lifetime", "Ownership costs", "CO2 taxes", "Discounting of results", "Corporate Social Responsibility", "Interpretation and Sensitivity Analysis", "monetarisation of environmental impacts", "monetarisation of social impacts", "monetarisation of costs", "impact results translation to monetary units", "supply chain costs", "product price", "includes upstream production costs", "car production", "Truncation errors", "upstream supply chain costs", "Environmental Life Cycle Cost (eLCC)", "material use", "attributional indicator", "overhead costs", "allocation method", "revenue allocation", "gasoline production", "cost quantification", "repair and maintenance", "Energy Costs", "Material Costs", "planning tool", "accounting and reporting tool", "prospective assessments", "consequential assessments", "product design phase", "User Perspective", "Acquisition", "Design", "redistribution", "Financial data", "Independent Data Sources", "Investment and Manufacturing stage", "R&D Department", "Production Department", "Human Resource Department", "Sales Department", "Emission Allowance Costs", "Damage Costs", "Upstream Costs", "User", "Auxiliaries", "Taxes", "Capital Costs", "Manufacturer", "Depreciation", "Collection", "Dissasembly", "Landfill fees", "Surveys and interviews", "Cost estimation techniques", "Expert opinions", "qualitative or quantitative", "Delphi method", "Case-based reasoning", "qualitative methods", "Quantitative methods", "CES EduPack", "Granta Material Inspiration 2016", "material and process information", "Eco Design and Sustainable Development tool", "economic input-output tables", "mass flow analysis", "monetary supply-use tables", "physical supply-use tables", "Marine fuel oils", "Power", "Gas", "Parametric approach", "cost estimation", "Cost Timing", "Price Variability", "public databases", "regional validity", "currency", "production related energy consumption", "indirect costs", "R&D costs", "market evaluation", "ramp-up of production", "primary produced material", "Secondary Material Production", "Window", "total cost", "future cost prediction", "delivery", "window product system", "polyamide/glassfibre window", "manufacturing costs", "Window packaging", "operational costs", "Energy (MJ)", "costs to avoid or counter balance change", "goods and services without a market", "air pollution from internal combustion engines", "improved waste treatment plant", "regional biodiversity", "monetary valuation", "Waste Disposal Costs", "Emission Taxes", "Monetarisation of External Costs", "monetarising greenhouse gas emissions", "three different methods", "monetarised impacts", "perceptions and value judgements", "Life Cycle Costing with external costs", "goal of the study", "polyamide", "glassfibre", "Cost Comparison", "Discount factor", "First Order Decrease", "Abatement cost", "Contingent Valuation", "Willingness to Pay Method", "Contingent ranking method", "Dichotomous choice method", "Close-ended iterative bidding", "Open-ended willingness to pay", "Long environmental persistence (thousands of years)", "Toxicity to humans and ecosystems", "Diuron", "Half-life of approximately 2000 days", "Organic pesticides", "Shorter time horizon toxicity", "Emission trading scheme", "Cost per tonne CO2-eq", "Carbon offset program", "Stepwise2006 v.1.2", "Toxicity from heavy metals", "time horizon dependent", "Present Value", "Fuel Cost Valuation", "High Discount Factor", "Temporal Cost Weighting", "Ramsey Formula", "Private Sector", "Company Return on Investment", "Government Long Term Borrowing Rate", "Public Sector", "assessing social impacts related to a product's life cycle", "methodological phases", "depend on company conduct", "Guidelines to S-LCA", "ISO 26000", "impacts on social entities", "methodological problems", "social impacts assessment", "ISO 14000 series", "Trustworthiness", "human well-being", "workers", "local communities", "product users", "Global Reporting Initiative", "ILO conventions", "Normative requirements", "Worker rights", "stakeholder well-being assessment", "Impact Categories in S-LCA", "well-being", "Social Themes", "International Labour Organisation Conventions", "Working Conditions Themes", "stakeholder-defined aspects", "Social theory interpretation", "Social-LCA", "Co-creation", "Stakeholder Perception", "Participatory Processes", "impacts of carrying out a process", "impacts of not carrying out a process", "Production Process Change", "Employment Rate", "Worker Safety Conditions", "Unemployment", "Football Production", "Worker", "Unsafe Conditions", "Access to Education", "changed processes", "process change", "environmental impact change", "worker well-being", "life situations beyond production", "Worker related issues", "Society-related issues", "Product user-related issues", "Non-discrimination", "Freedom of association and collective bargaining", "Forced and compulsory labour", "Level and regularity of wages and benefits", "Physical working conditions", "Psychological working conditions", "Training and education of employees", "Corruption", "Development support and investments in society", "Local community acceptance of company", "Company commitment to sustainability issues", "Integration of costumer health and safety concerns in product", "Availability of product information to product users", "Ethical guidelines for advertisements of product", "child labour in production", "football production at Saga Sports", "child labour impacts", "worker dismissal", "does not include impacts of non-production", "impacts of production and non-production", "distinct feature compared to LCA", "S-LCA modelling principles", "consequential and attributional approach", "Iron Melting", "Process Type", "Process Causality", "ILO established labour rights", "workers' rights to organise in labour unions", "abolishment of forced labour", "company conduct", "company management", "Status quo assumption", "generic life cycle unit process databases", "assessment result", "Work-related injuries", "Iron production", "Job function", "Working time", "Social impacts allocation", "value creation", "impacts", "process operation", "environmental exchanges", "Social impacts from process performance", "Allocation approach", "Dependent on nature of process", "credibility", "goal of assessment", "discrimination towards workers", "ratio between male and female workers", "subjective indicators", "Objective Indicators", "well-being of affected stakeholders", "company behaviour", "national and regional regulatory frameworks", "Key Performance Indicators", "supplier data collection", "product chain identification", "Social impact databases", "Higher Data Availability", "Process Indicators", "Company Formal Management System Quality", "Result Indicators", "Company Measured Social Performance", "Company Management Initiatives", "Prevention of Social Impacts", "average lifetime of population", "income", "Geographic regions", "energy exchanges", "mass exchanges", "emissions of benzene", "social indicators", "work-related diseases", "ILO violations", "non-lethal working accidents", "impact groups", "decent working conditions", "midpoint-oriented impact categories", "Quality adjusted life years", "QALY", "Years of Well-being Loss", "low causal relationship between process and social impacts", "nature of process", "culture", "assessment accuracy", "higher combined accuracy and ease of use", "producing", "using", "discarding", "UNEP/SETAC Guidelines for S-LCA", "Assessment of product families", "Consumers", "EU ecolabel", "environmental hotspots", "aggregation of results", "indicator applicability", "interviews with directly affected stakeholders", "data collection methods", "participatory approach", "cultural differences", "assessment validity", "Market Parameter", "health and safety of consumers", "colour coding for scoring", "Cut roses production", "inter-related", "Indirect impacts", "Rose production in Netherlands", "Negative impacts", "positive social impacts", "Rose production in Ecuador", "positive environmental impacts", "negative social impacts", "Life Cycle Attribute Assessment", "SA 8000", "Forest Stewardship Council", "LEED", "wage levels", "process flows", "social assessment", "social impact categories", "S-LCIA", "indicator development", "valuation methods", "Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products", "environmental limits", "Indicators for Labour Rights", "Integrated Product Assessment", "Ecological Aspects", "Theoretical Foundation", "LCA application", "decision situation", "Stakeholder Needs", "future-oriented LCA", "Ecodesign Implementation and LCA", "cradle-to-gate LCA", "Life Cycle Thinking and the use of LCA in policies around the world", "LCA application in technology domains", "Introduction", "Literature review", "sector context", "LCA application history", "LCA of Energy Systems", "LCA of Electromobility", "LCA of Buildings and the Built Environment", "LCA of Food and Agriculture", "Specific methodological issues", "Inventory and Product System Modelling", "General issues", "10-Year Framework of Programmes on SCP", "Sustainable Development Goals", "Customer Choice", "Product Sustainability Assessment", "European Union", "SCP policies", "Design for Sustainability", "Sustainable Consumer Information", "Sustainable Public Procurement", "sustainable energy", "food supply", "Paris Agreement", "Exploration", "Resource Efficiency", "Emissions of Waste and Pollutants", "Life Cycle Approach", "African 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production", "Material Consumption", "Economic Growth", "Resource Efficiency and Sustainable Consumption and Production", "Consumption", "10YFP", "Marrakech Process", "Johannesburg Plan of Implementation", "Policymaking", "Hot spot methodology", "Product sustainability information", "Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production", "Cleaner Production", "GHG emissions mitigation", "climate change adaptation", "National Cleaner Production Centres", "Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production programme", "improve resource efficiency and environmental performance", "environmental degradation reduction", "resource depletion reduction", "Sustainable Transport", "Sustainable Marketing", "Sustainable Lifestyles", "Sustainable Materials Management", "environmental impacts along the life cycle of materials", "green claims", "Green Growth", "sustainable infrastructure", "poverty reduction", "Circular Economy", "Asia-Pacific region", "industrial ecology", "Regional Council of Government Experts on SCP", "Latin America and the Caribbean", "SCP regional strategy", "LAC Forum of Ministers of the Environment", "Fifteenth Meeting of the Forum of Ministers of the Environment of Latin America and the Caribbean", "SCP policies, strategies and action plans", "Sixteenth Meeting of the Forum", "regional Action Plan on SCP", "National Policies and Strategies", "Declaration on Cleaner Production Principles", "Mercosur Policy or Promotion and Cooperation on Sustainable Consumption and Production", "Environmental claims", "African Ministerial Conference on Environment", "meeting basic needs", "African Roundtable on SCP", "Mainstreaming", "African 10YFP on SCP", "Information-based instruments", "environmental impacts of products throughout their life cycles", "life cycle based environmental standards", "market access", "Social impacts along the life cycle", "International Resource Panel", "environmental impacts of resource use", "sustainable use of natural resources", "Phase 3", "data and databases management", "environmental life cycle impact assessment indicators", "Global capability development", "product policy", "Product Management", "Phase 2", "Phase 1", "Global Guidance Principles for Life Cycle Assessment databases", "data gathering and management", "reliable life cycle assessment results", "life cycle data", "advancing SCP through life cycle based tools and approaches", "Global Bioenergy Partnership", "environmental and resource policy", "Agricultural production", "Livestock production systems", "Environmental benchmarking", "Livestock supply chains", "sustainability indicators for bioenergy production and use", "Toolkit on environmental sustainability for ICT companies", "ICT", "International Telecommunication Union", "sustainability performance reporting", "Priority products and materials: assessing the environmental impacts of consumption and production", "consumption and production", "Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles", "Measuring Water Use in a Green Economy", "Assessing biofuels: towards sustainable production and use of resources", "Task Force on GHG Methodologies", "transport biofuels", "solid biomass", "GHG life cycle assessments", "GHG impacts", "environmental benchmarking of livestock supply chains", "livestock", "Greenhouse gas emission factors", "Feed production", "Livestock emissions", "Toolkit", "sustainable buildings", "sustainable ICT in corporate organizations", "end-of-life management", "ICT sector", "regulations on product use and waste management", "GHG emissions estimation", "RSB2-certification", "integrated approaches in environmental policy", "EU Eco-label Regulation", "waste policy", "Life Cycle Analysis", "Integrated Product Policy Communication", "decoupling economic growth from environmental impacts", "Sustainable Industrial Policy", "Resource Efficiency Flagship Initiative", "Environmental Life Cycle Thinking", "Technology Assessment", "Economic viewpoint", "Environmental viewpoint", "Waste Hierarchy", "waste prevention", "energy-related products", "EMAS III", "Bioeconomy", "Climate Change Mitigation", "Energy labelling directives", "Environmental impact during life cycle", "Single Market for Green Products", "REACh Regulation on Chemicals", "Risk assessment and management of chemicals", "environmental impact reduction", "Resource consumption across complete life cycle", "Public procurement for a better environment", "Construction works", "life cycle environmental performance", "Building sector sustainability", "CEC 2012a strategy", "Harmonized indicators", "environmental impacts assessment framework", "parent document for sector-specific guidance", "DG Environment", "science-to-policy interface", "policy decision-making", "European Platform on LCA", "science-to-policy process", "Life cycle based indicators", "Resource efficiency criteria", "Product EF", "Organization EF", "Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules", "Organization Environmental Footprint Sector Rules", "multi-criteria environmental assessment", "harmonized method", "environmental performance measurement", "Energy Transition for Green Growth Act", "greenhouse gas emissions reduction", "French Government", "PEF/OEF Environmental Footprint pilot phase", "food and beverage", "PCRs", "Grenelle Environmental Labelling", "Grenelle II law", "Quantification of Environmental Impacts", "environmental footprints communication", "Global Guidance Principles", "gate-to-gate unit process data", "energy transition", "LCA Digital Commons Project", "USDA National Agricultural Library", "University of Washington Design for Environment Laboratory", "Earthster", "New Earth", "American Centre for Life Cycle Assessment", "LCA data providers", "methodologies", "scorecards", "labelling systems", "environmental and social attributes", "Switzerland Federal Office for the Environment", "Centre for Life Cycle Inventories", "Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich", "Paul Scherrer Institute", "Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research", "Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon", "US Life Cycle Inventory Database", "National Renewable Energy Laboratory", "primary fuel production", "electricity transformation", "Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories", "PE International", "ELCD Core Database", "LCA-based policies", "global life cycle policies structure", "training for LCA development", "different sectors", "LCA tools", "policy design", "Mexican Life Cycle Inventory", "impact assessment of whole life cycle", "Carbon Footprint Program", "carbon offset pilot programme", "Supply Chain GHG Emission Accounting", "Visualized Information on Environmental Impacts in Product Life Cycle", "uncertainty and accuracy of databases", "EcoLeaf programme", "Environmental Declaration", "alternative materials", "Eco-design of Industrial Products Guidance", "Chinese Life Cycle Database", "UNEP/SETAC Global Guidance Principles for LCA Database", "Voluntary Green Building Rating", "regional and international data harmonization", "interoperability", "Technology assessment and implementation for energy conservation and emission reduction", "Eco-design of products", "product category", "AusLCI", "Ecoinvent guideline", "EcoSpold format", "ILCD reference format", "System processes", "BPIC database", "building products", "agri-food", "Brazilian Life Cycle Assessment Programme", "National Solid Waste Policy", "life cycle of wastes", "Brazilian Eco-label Type 1 Scheme", "LCA Agri-Food Asia Network", "Thai National Science and Technology Development Agency", "Thai LCA database", "Thai Green Label", "Green Procurement", "Thai Green Public Procurement Plan", "GHG inventory", "National LCA Programme", "Mineral Resources Development Act of 2002", "planning for mine closure", "national waste management strategy", "Brazilian government", "LCA training course", "capacity building", "international guidelines", "private/industrial sectors", "Brazilian primary data LCI database", "policymakers", "South African LCA Database", "SCP action plan", "biofuels industrial strategy", "Environmental considerations", "fuel ethanol plant", "GHG balance", "national environmental management act", "national database", "National Public Procurement Policy", "World Trade Organization Agreement", "European Commission policy", "Biofuel Environmental Preference", "Environmental Standards", "impact on market access of developing countries", "Feasibility", "Availability", "Quality", "Degree of certainty", "LCA comparability", "prescriptive approaches", "LCA flexibility", "diverse product groups", "diverse sectors", "sustainability data", "International Forum on LCA Cooperation International", "sustainability-related decisions", "Policy Support", "Scientific Development", "Data Robustness", "LCA evaluation", "Knowledge Mining", "Study Comparability", "EMAS", "Regulation (EC) No 761/2001", "Regulation No 66/2010", "Bio-Waste Management", "Construction and Demolition Waste", "Policies", "Commission recommendation 2013/179/EU", "organisations", "Environmental Footprint Methodologies", "resource impact assessment modelling", "resource criticality assessment", "integrated impact assessment", "European Union Environmental Footprint", "Global Value Chains", "Globalised economy", "National and local contexts", "Capacity building for LCA", "developing countries", "globalisation", "industrialising countries", "climate gas emissions", "World Input-Output Database", "production fragmentation across borders", "product level analysis", "supplier distribution in global value chain", "value added measurement", "food traceability systems", "data collection from farmers", "input and output records", "geographical complexity", "local emissions of pollutants", "Pangasius Farming", "Global Product Life Cycles", "frozen fillet processing", "feed ingredient production, transport and milling", "pangasius production", "pond effluents in grow-out farming", "stakeholder-based screening life cycle assessment", "Palm oil production", "natural resource sector", "environmental impacts in Malaysia", "local data", "generic data", "data collection on-site", "informal sectors", "environmental impact of palm oil", "comparison of environmental impacts between vegetable oils", "End of Life Phase", "Final Disposal", "Open Fire Disposal", "Occupational Health and Safety Impacts", "Recycled Computers", "Sustainable Consumption and Production framework programme", "World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002", "SMEs as reliable suppliers", "regional life cycle networks", "Fish Feed", "Zinc", "Uneaten Feed", "Fish Faeces", "Antibiotic Residues", "Pangasius Processing", "sugar production", "newsprint paper production", "biodiversity impact assessment", "European databases", "generic databases", "climate conditions", "natural resources characteristics", "Life cycle tools", "Life cycle based footprinting indicators", "Global Principles and Practices for Hotspot Analysis", "Third phase 2012-2016", "mainstreaming of life cycle approaches", "Seventh International Conference on EcoBalance", "LCIA methodology development", "LCA networks", "local, regional and global", "global supply chains of food products", "transboundary movement of waste", "LCA capacity constraints", "lack of technical expertise", "absence of awareness", "National Initiative to Develop the Lifecycle Inventory Database for the Development of Eco-Friendly Products and Services", "Ninth Malaysia Plan", "Promotion of LCA applications", "Capacity development", "National Eco-labelling Programme", "environmental standards in international trade", "eco-labelling criteria documents", "Plastic manufacturers", "LCA thinking", "Plastic bag product chain", "Business Council for Sustainable Development— Malaysia", "Environmental Management and Research Association of Malaysia", "Green technologies", "Waste minimisation", "industry decision-making", "public decision-making", "Trade Policy", "modernisation of industry", "too complicated for practical use", "focused on environmental problems as defined by industrialised countries", "one-sided in ignoring costing and social issues", "environmental audits of suppliers", "less-polluting industry", "higher environmental burdens per functional unit", "time demanding", "data demanding", "software demanding", "analytical skills demanding", "environmental requirements", "Occupational Health and Safety", "Simplified LCA", "full LCA", "Product Family Approach", "Life Cycle Check", "Screening Process", "national LCA initiative", "Reference Framework for Electrical and Electronic Products", "manufacturers", "supply demand chain", "retailers", "data insufficiency", "organisational capacity", "institutional capacity", "socio-economic concerns", "government policies", "programmes of action for LCA", "Building Stronger Universities", "LCA teaching", "local products", "regional conditions", "Product LCA", "objective and utility for an organisation", "full value chain", "Scope Phase", "Environmental performance quantification", "Organisational strategy", "Outputs", "multi-impact approach", "tracking environmental performance over time", "supporting strategic decisions", "informing corporate sustainability reporting", "ISO/TS 14072", "Guidance on organizational LCA", "PEF", "EPD", "EMS", "GHG Protocol", "ISO 14069", "GRI", "CSR", "organisational dimension", "life cycle dimension", "multi-impact dimension", "environmental decision-making", "improvement strategies", "value chain", "Multiple environmental impacts", "multi-impact assessment", "value chain assessment", "organisational footprinting", "operations", "facilities", "suppliers", "brands", "corporate carbon footprint", "Holistic Approach", "comparability between different products", "not designed for comparison between organisations", "Review", "performance tracking", "Scoping", "unit of analysis", "Reporting Organisation", "Reporting flow", "Unit of analysis is the product", "Unit of analysis is the organisation", "Reference Period", "Product portfolio", "derived from product type", "includes direct and indirect activities", "Quantified Performance", "Reference Unit", "Measure of Process Outputs", "Subject of Study", "Consolidation method", "supply chain consideration", "product comparison", "Environmental results reporting", "internal operations", "business travel", "Cleaning services", "environmental targets", "Environmental Toolbox", "environmental or sustainability methodologies", "environmental tool", "interdepartmental work on environmental issues", "communication channels with suppliers", "Environmental Communication", "stakeholder involvement", "Environmental Pressure Reduction", "Organizational Risk Management", "Supplier Environmental Practices", "Environmentally Friendly Practices", "consumer behaviour", "Competitive Advantage", "Carbon Disclosure Project", "United Nations Global Compact", "Organizational Life Cycle Assessment", "OEF Guide", "implementation of LCA into European environmental policy", "single-indicator assessment", "UNEP Guidance", "Recycling formula", "on-site assessment", "Direct Activities", "Product-level LCA", "organisational environmental performance", "OEF initiative", "copper production", "quantification of unit of analysis", "fruits", "sugar", "refrigeration", "Reporting Unit", "Boundaries", "Portfolio", "Product clustering", "Portfolio quantification", "Physical terms", "Non-physical terms", "Product quality", "Product Durability", "organisation scope definition", "Financial/operational control approaches", "Equity share approach", "Scope", "Breadth", "Depth", "Detail", "Financial Control Approach", "One Operation Cycle or Fiscal Year", "modelling the system", "Product LCA Aggregation", "indirect activities", "Combustion emissions", "process-related emissions", "Value Chain Activities", "Cradle-to-Gate Analysis", "upstream", "gate-to-grave models", "downstream", "upstream models", "supporting activities", "Indirect emissions", "purchased electricity", "Staff commuting", "use of sold products", "upstream resource use and emissions", "downstream burdens", "Corporate environmental reporting", "better quality and more specific data", "higher use of assumptions, extrapolations and generic data", "products and operations", "Specific data", "Organisational behaviour", "Social Organizational LCA", "Product-related S-LCA", "Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions", "The Encyclopedia of Life Cycle Assessment", "Overall Business Impact Analysis", "LCA of future technologies", "provides multiple answers", "Foresight", "traditional life cycle assessment methodology", "foresight methods", "scenarios", "future technological and economic developments", "prospective elements", "learning elements", "decision elements", "information limitations", "technology development", "strategic decision-making", "scaling issues", "Retrospective LCA", "change-oriented LCA", "State-oriented LCA", "learning/decision elements", "production system", "strategic environment", "physical environment", "societal conditions", "Material Selection", "availability of materials", "future changes", "socio-cultural factors", "technological factors", "economic factors", "political/legal factors", "Future scenarios", "Public policy planning", "Long-term scenarios", "Uncertain aspects", "Future product systems", "All processes in entire life cycle", "Products or services with the same functionality", "Technical functionality of technologies and systems", "Delimitation of analysis", "Analysis object", "detailed method focusing on certainties", "precise data available", "process-oriented", "deals with uncertain aspects of future developments", "present and near future time concept", "long-term perspective", "analysis assessment interpretation", "synthesis reflection interpretation elucidation", "expert panels", "futures workshops", "Delphi surveys", "systematic methods of analysing expected futures", "S-Curves", "Diffusion Modelling", "Analogies", "Fisher-Pry Substitution Models", "Technological Maturity Life Cycle", "Infant Phase", "Growth Phase", "Market maturing", "Experience Curve", "Learning Curve", "cost reductions with accumulated production", "labour-intensive cost reductions", "process-oriented cost reductions", "Prospective Methods", "Prospective technology analyses", "S-curve analyses", "Time series extrapolations", "short-term analyses", "technology roadmapping", "strategic long-term planning", "Accumulated Production", "Technology Efficiency", "emission coefficients", "cumulative investment", "learning factors", "physical efficiency improvements", "operational-scale technologies", "performance and efficiency", "laboratory-scale equipment", "pilot-scale equipment", "technology readiness level", "manufacturing readiness level", "Development", "Working prototype", "Commercial application", "Market growth", "Fast market increase", "Market saturation", "Ascent phase", "Market diffusion", "market activities", "scientific activities", "industrial activities", "What-if scenarios", "Cornerstone scenarios", "future development assessment", "Future-oriented technology assessment", "Future orientation", "short-term (1–5 years)", "medium-term (3–15 years)", "long-term (more than 20 years)", "very long-term (more than 50 or 100 years)", "Predictive approaches", "short-term studies", "Forecasts", "Weidema 2003", "Time Horizons", "focus area", "back-casting", "extrapolation methods", "exploratory methods", "Dynamic modelling", "participatory methods", "normative methods", "ontological uncertainty", "uncertain issues", "transition processes to new technological systems", "Statistic Uncertainty", "decision support through analysis and modelling", "Recognised ignorance", "technology characteristics", "technology widespread use", "qualitative analysis", "stochastic uncertainty", "systemic uncertainties", "wind energy", "present-time LCA", "simplified LCA scanning", "Wind power technology assessment", "Forecasting methods", "dimensional analysis", "scaling effects", "market-driven impacts", "uncertainty bounding analyses", "scenario establishment", "technology foresight-LCA", "LCA scanning of future wind power systems", "Expert panel brainstorm on environmental aspects of decommissioning", "Delphi survey on future wind technology", "Scenarios of future wind power systems", "Mapping current trends of wind power technologies", "Short-term forecasting", "Medium-term forecasting", "Long-term forecasting", "short-term comparison", "extrapolation", "off-shore wind farms", "technology change", "material research", "nanotechnology", "biotechnology", "biochemistry", "information and communication technology", "Drivers for technology change", "LCA questionnaire structure", "Changes resulting from drivers", "Technical and technological issues", "Science and knowledge developments", "Energy systems—infrastructures", "Public regulation and public support", "environmental challenges and risks", "Scaling relationships", "Main sub-technologies", "Main part", "emission restrictions", "LCI issues", "technology", "technology concept", "carbon nanotubes", "titanium dioxide nanoparticle production", "scale", "technology maturity", "Operating and maintenance", "Dismantling and waste handling", "Swedish apparel sector sustainability", "Scenarios in Life-Cycle Assessment", "Anticipatory life-cycle assessment", "SWCNT-enabled lithium ion batteries", "photovoltaic systems", "Prospective time-resolved LCA", "fully electric supercap vehicles", "Market Information in Life Cycle Assessment", "quantitative performance measurements", "managerial decision-making", "Sustainable Product Development", "Design-for-recycling", "Circularity", "SWOT analysis", "Stakeholder analysis", "economic assessment", "SLCA", "sustainability-oriented decision-making", "service activities", "system life cycle", "logistics selection", "factory design", "location-specificity", "multi-criteria decision analysis", "well-described distinct phases", "non-deterministic character", "Product development and improvement", "decision-making contexts", "technical properties", "quantitative assessment", "Life Cycle Screening", "Assessment Approach", "Life Cycle Sustainability Profile", "four phases", "all life cycle stages", "organisational learning", "activities in life cycle stages", "sustainability profile", "Sustainability Management", "service sectors", "life cycle-sustainability-oriented mind-set", "comprises different tools", "Product Data Management", "Sustainable Supply Chain Management", "Environmental Health and Safety", "Risk Management", "Direct applications", "minimizing environmental burden", "minimizing socioeconomic burden", "maximizing economic value", "maximizing social value", "securing input flow of raw materials", "product portfolio management", "after-sales activities", "Product Life Cycle Management", "Information Life Cycle Management", "Integrated Approaches", "applied since mid-1970s", "Physical life cycle", "Asset Management", "BS7750", "LCM Guide", "LCM Navigator for SMEs", "Management System", "sustainability matters identification", "World Business Council for Sustainable Development", "organisational capability and maturity development", "data flow integration", "Internet-of-Things", "Big Data", "Plan Do Check Act", "Continuous improvement cycle", "target-setting for sustainability matters", "Monitoring", "Taking corrective actions", "Sustainability Strategy Development", "ISO 9001", "product life cycle improvements", "Quality management", "holistic thinking in life cycles", "logistics operations", "Economic Life Cycle Evaluation", "Information and Knowledge Management", "Process Management", "Production Management", "After-Sales Management", "Ecological Life Cycle Evaluation", "Setting targets", "Executing the plan", "Tracking execution and performance", "PDCA", "organisation decisions", "end-of-life regulation", "sustainability efforts", "environmentally preferable solutions", "normative management", "strategic management", "operational management", "Information/Knowledge Management", "Social Evaluation", "Economic Evaluation", "voluntary instrument", "de-facto requirement", "Competitors", "Customer feedback", "Product design improvements", "Authorities", "Product regulation", "Product-type-specific regulation", "European Directives", "country/market-specific approaches", "internal stakeholders of industrial companies", "product/service design", "product/service marketing", "Research & Development", "Purchase", "Sales", "establishes cause-effect chains quantitatively", "employs impact categories concept", "midpoints and endpoints", "status determination", "enables environmental measuring", "enables performance tracking", "Design for easier disassembly", "Conflict minerals sourcing ban", "Mega Joules", "kilowatt-hours", "Transport and logistics activities", "kilometres", "means of transport", "Compared Alternatives", "Transport activities", "Air Transport", "Rail transport", "Intensity-based KPIs", "kg CO2-eq emitted per product", "Emissions per $ of revenue", "environmental sustainability-related KPIs", "Company-wide KPIs", "data landscape harmonization", "Absolute-target-based KPIs", "CO2-eq emissions", "Product-level KPIs", "Performance depends on chosen reference", "kg CO2-eq emitted per year", "Misleading if outsourced activities not accounted", "Total impact may increase with sales increase", "KPIs", "Do not indicate sustainable impact levels", "absolute indicators", "global impact", "Two-degree-target", "absolute KPIs", "Regional impact categories", "Terrestrial acidification", "KPI development", "Management Concept", "Non-deterministic", "Requires practitioner choice", "LCM toolbox", "material alternatives assessment", "Market Requirements", "Certifications", "windows", "Design Engineering", "Sustainability Strategy", "product innovation", "production and operations", "marketing and communications", "easy disassembly", "insulation optimization", "insulation capabilities", "purchasers and designers", "take-back", "Organisation", "knowledge about organisation's processes", "insight into supplier conditions", "risk reduction", "response to legislation", "response to market trends", "business practice", "measurement and assessment", "Measurement and Assessment Tool", "Material stage", "Transportation Stage", "material composition", "Semi-manufactured Goods", "Manufacturability", "opportunity identification", "organisational resilience", "larger organisations", "organisational maturity", "project-based integration", "function-based integration", "Stage/Gate process", "project-based organisations", "Integrated Sustainability Approach", "Materials Chemistry", "Reuse and Recycling", "system performance improvement", "burden shifting prevention", "Risk Assessment", "Climate Goals", "Ecodesign Implementation", "seven-step approach", "progress measurement and goal setting", "Environmental Considerations Integration", "Environmental Performance Improvement", "Waste Management and Disposal", "product development process", "environmental thinking", "efficient products", "Technology Selection", "Product Lifetime Definition", "Logistics", "recyclability", "Strategic Level", "Tactical Level", "Operational Level", "Ecodesign Methods and Tools", "Strategic Approaches", "Business Processes", "Operational Ecodesign Implementation", "Trade-off Identification", "Decision Support Between Design Aspects", "Strategic ecodesign implementation", "Strategic decision-making and business processes", "Environmental targets for product portfolio", "Deployment of responsibilities", "Communication strategy to customers and stakeholders", "Development of strategic competences", "ecodesign process", "Tactical ecodesign", "Early product development phase", "largest improvement opportunities", "Ecodesign Guidelines", "Prescriptive", "Comparative", "Analytical", "Prescriptive Methods", "Best Practices", "Comparative Methods", "Design Alternatives", "Environmental Aspects Assessment", "product principle", "Eco-QFD", "product requirements", "environmental demands", "STRETCH", "environmental opportunities", "Eco-roadmap", "product-relevant legislation", "customer requirements", "environmentally compliant product design", "EcoBenchmarking", "environmental drivers", "Environmental performance of products", "product scenario", "Eco-function matrix", "Functional Profile", "LiDs wheel", "Environmental effect analysis", "DfE matrix", "MECO matrix", "EcoValue", "Eco communication matrix", "Qualitative Dialogue Process", "EcoStrategy wheel", "function optimisation", "reducing the impact on the use stage", "reducing the use of materials", "optimisation of lifetime", "production optimisation", "optimisation of treatment of end of life", "improved distribution", "Ten golden rules", "environmental strategies", "environmental impacts of product", "Design for Environment", "EcoDesign pilot", "ratio between price and environmental load over life cycle", "millipoints", "Environmental loads", "marketing and communication strategies", "ecodesign matrix", "substances", "durability/recyclability", "pre-manufacturing", "packaging and distribution", "use and maintenance", "life cycle stage totals", "environmental product attributes", "holistic systems perspective", "LCA Data Quantitativeness", "Specialized Knowledge Required", "bridging tools", "LCA knowledge", "LCA specialists", "product development specialists", "Later product development phase", "Low cost of design decisions", "Large window of opportunity for ecodesign improvements", "Limited product knowledge", "analytical activity", "synthesis-oriented activity", "environmental health and safety function", "improvement assessment phase", "ecodesign priority", "environmental improvement of products", "environmental improvement of processes", "goals and scope", "ecodesign improvements", "Interpretation and Communication", "solid waste", "qualitative data", "quantitative data", "simple products", "detailed LCA", "complicated products", "uncommon materials", "improvements in existing product systems", "reference system data", "Streamlined approaches", "Design checklists", "Design matrices", "Early Design Stage", "life cycle framework", "Environmental information", "design initiatives", "Design abacus", "qualitative or semi-quantitative data", "part-level analysis", "function-level analysis", "Usability of product", "customer's needs oriented", "Low Energy Requirement", "Eco-compass technique", "Mass intensity", "energy intensity", "health and environmental potential risk", "revalorisation", "resource conservation", "service extension", "ECODESIGN checklist method", "waste avoidance", "Ecodesign web", "Environmental design strategy matrix", "Reusability", "product Greenness Attributes", "Material Variety", "recycled content", "Chemical Use", "Material Identification", "Internal Joints", "Measurable Goals", "Pinpoint Improvement Opportunities", "MET matrix", "Material cycle", "ERPA", "Semi-quantitative", "solid residues", "liquid residues", "gaseous residues", "Life cycle length", "Green design advisor", "Material requirement", "Disposal route", "Number of materials", "Green design tool", "Time for disassembly", "Environmental Improvement Through Product Development: A Seven-Step Approach", "McAloone and Bey 2011", "Redundant Product Attributes", "Step 1: Describe the use context", "Steps 1-6", "Step 7", "environmental task identification", "action plan framework", "environmental improvements integration", "eco-redesign process", "seven steps", "Gaining an overview of environmental problems", "Creating environmental improvement solutions", "environmental strategy development", "product development process integration", "Product Functionality Description", "Use Context Description", "Temporal Scope", "User Definition", "Product Description", "Seven-step Approach to Ecodesign", "reuse/recycling/recovery", "Landfill", "Step 2", "materials extraction", "Manufacture", "purchase of components", "manufacturing and assembly processes", "logistics chain", "distribution activities", "actual usage", "maintenance activities", "Transport and use-related energy consumption", "Chemical consumption", "Focus Areas for Prioritization", "Other", "Material processing", "product life résumé", "product-technology approach", "stakeholder-network", "stakeholder exchanges", "supply chain negotiations", "product development activity", "stakeholder identification", "MECO categories", "Data on Materials", "Data on Processes", "key environmental focus areas", "Create environmental concepts", "Brainstorming", "Conceptualisation", "Brainwriting", "Sketching", "Environmental concepts", "Environmental principle", "manufacturing company", "component supplier", "external designer", "freight forwarder", "disposal company", "Standby Functions", "Environmental Load Reduction", "Low-Energy Features", "Duplex Features", "Use Stage Duration", "Indirect material requirements", "Product or service", "Harmful substances", "Dispersion", "Brominated flame retardants", "Product characteristics", "Market Demand", "Reduce the material intensity of the product or service", "Ecodesign principles", "Material Intensity Reduction", "Utility Perception", "ecodesign workshop", "improvement proposals", "Material Origins", "Ethical Standards", "Product Performance", "Environmental Advantage", "Meeting Customer Demand", "integrated analysis", "synthesis", "cost saving", "quality enhancing design", "Environmental Decisions", "Sustainability in Manufacturing", "service", "product/service-system", "community", "Product Procurement", "Environmental attributes", "environmental aspects in product development", "automotive sector", "manufacturing companies", "Cradle to Cradle Design", "TRIZ-based Eco-design", "Environmental Priorities", "Strategic Product Development", "Type III labels", "building sector", "office furniture", "European Commission's programme for product environmental footprints", "Type 1 labels", "sustainability performance measure", "Blue Angel", "ISO 14000 family", "standardisation initiatives", "Consumer Information Tools", "Environmental Burden", "forest management label", "wood-containing products", "organic cotton labels", "textile industry", "window energy rating schemes", "dolphin-safe label", "tuna products", "sustainability principles", "Coalition for Consumer Information on Cosmetics", "animal testing", "wildlife protection labels", "animal welfare", "fair trade labels", "fair trade conduct", "fair labour labels", "fair labour practices", "EU Energy label", "white goods", "Cosmetics", "electronic ecolabel", "ecotourism label", "ecotourism", "organic food label", "sustainability labels", "ethics", "ISO 14021", "Self-declared Environmental Claims", "Type I ecolabel", "Type III environmental declarations", "ISO 14025", "ISO 14024", "Type III Environmental Label", "green marketing", "environmental concern", "product labelling", "Ecolabelling Scheme", "Nordic Swan", "China Environmental Labelling", "Ecomark", "Austrian ecolabel", "EcoMark Japan", "Good Environmental Choice Australia", "ECOLOGO", "Environmental Criteria", "Multi-criteria Assessment", "Based on Sound Scientific and Engineering Principles", "Time-limited and Revised", "Functional Requirements", "Transparency in Operations and Development", "Global Ecolabelling Network", "third-party certification", "publicly available criteria", "compliance monitoring", "German ecolabel", "Chinese ecolabel", "Indian ecolabel", "North American ecolabel", "Brazilian ecolabel", "Australian ecolabel", "printed matter products", "graphic industry", "raw material label", "sustainable forestry", "Design for Disassembly and Recycling", "Multiple Environmental Impact Categories", "Single focus on one environmental impact category", "single focus risk", "European ecolabel for hand dishwashing detergents", "aquatic ecosystem impacts", "European ecolabel for paints and varnishes", "semi-volatile organic compounds", "product group classification", "natureplus", "building and accommodation", "Critical Dilution Volume", "toxicity to aquatic organisms", "GECA", "colourants in cleaning products", "EU regulation", "Australian government standards", "colourants", "fibre recycling", "Pulp manufacturing", "Printing", "Finishing", "Disposal/recycling", "Waste paper", "life cycle aspects", "literature studies", "RPS", "ecolabel criteria development", "Criteria Development", "criteria adoption", "criteria evaluation", "criteria revision", "feasibility studies", "environmental studies", "market studies", "improvement analysis", "preparatory work", "criteria drafting", "European Commission approval", "member state vote", "product group", "Potential", "Steerability", "Product group selection", "ecolabelling requirements", "criteria document", "Manufacturer Interest", "Ecolabelled Products", "ecolabelling body", "licence holder", "Competent Body", "ISO 17065", "certification process", "ministry of environment", "product certification requirements", "third party conformity assessment bodies", "ISO/IEC 17065", "ISO/IEC Guide 28", "Certified Products", "environmental change", "Documentation compliance check", "Inspection visit", "Licence award", "Certification and Accreditation Bodies", "Government appointed accreditation body", "State Environmental Protection Agency", "Ecolabel certification", "ISO 17025", "Laboratory accreditation", "Monitoring of continued compliance", "Product testing", "Factory inspections", "Sampling", "UN Sustainable Development Goal 12", "Guidance from the Danish Consumer Ombudsman on the use of environmental and ethical claims in marketing", "environmental claims in marketing", "Minimize Resource Consumption", "Minimize Emissions to Environment", "Existing Technologies", "follow-up inspection visits", "spot checks", "recertification process", "market-driven", "Green Products", "Private Company Procurement", "Consumer Demand", "Sustainable Products and Services", "environmental benefits", "Ecolabelling Denmark", "procurement network", "ecolabelled cleaning services", "market pull effect", "EU directive", "demand for ecolabelled products", "Purchasing Policy", "Environmental Requirements in Legislation", "Environmental Burden Reduction", "Rippling Effect", "laundering service", "detergents", "ecolabelled hotel services", "Industrial laundry", "Chemical supplier", "Hotel", "Mandatory Regulation", "Fireplace Efficiency", "Raw Material Sourcing", "ISO Type III", "Type III declaration scheme", "impact of construction works on the environment", "EU regulation from 2011", "ECO Platform", "European markets", "international markets", "EPD programme operators", "EN 15804", "construction product", "LEED certification", "US Green Building Council", "Construction", "Danish pilot EPD scheme", "marginal suppliers", "third party verification", "Norwegian declaration scheme", "accuracy of LCAs", "ecodesign initiatives", "Product Category Rules for Seating", "Norwegian EPD Foundation", "Calculation Rules", "secondary material", "National Grid Mix", "GHG Protocol Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard", "Product Rules", "PAS 2050", "Supplementary Requirements", "ISO 14067", "BP X30", "SMRS", "TS 0100", "Steelcase", "HÅG", "Norwegian EPD system", "Public policy initiatives", "Carbon footprinting schemes", "Product communication", "Sector benchmarking", "Common Methodological Reference", "Sector Assessment", "Data Modelling Rule", "EPD schemes", "flexibilities", "time", "UN Sustainable Development Goals", "WRI/WBCSD GHG protocol", "OEF", "ISO Type I labels", "Product category and sector specific rules", "15 impact categories", "lower accuracy and meaningfulness", "limited suitability for consumers", "PEF/OEF methodology", "BSI: PAS 2050:2011", "Regulation (EU) no 305/2011", "Commission Decision 2014/312/EU", "indoor and outdoor paints and varnishes", "ecological criteria", "Directive 2014/24/EU", "EC-Environment", "Certification Scheme", "ISO 14024:1999", "Type 1 Environmental Labelling", "ISO/IEC 17025:2005", "Testing and Calibration Laboratories", "three key principles", "Cradle to Cradle Certification", "product evaluation", "C2C Product Innovation Institute", "Cradle to Cradle Certified Product standard", "C2C certification", "restorative or regenerative industrial system", "linear economical model", "end-of-pipe solutions", "cradle back to cradle", "durable goods", "C2C", "system design", "product and system design", "organizational theory", "McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry", "Environmental Protection Encouragement Agency", "EU action plan for the Circular Economy", "ISO 14021:2016", "sustainable product and system design", "imitating nature", "dismantle and reuse", "Feeding", "physical transformation", "chemical transformation", "plastic remoulding", "plastic depolymerisation", "Technical Cycle", "Design Failure", "Healthy Emissions", "biological nutrients", "technical nutrients", "Recycling in continuous loops", "Product Service Systems", "Material recovery", "not consumable", "Upcycling", "Technical Nutrient Cycle", "Biological Nutrient Cycle", "Material Degradation", "Paper", "Office paper recycling", "Biological Cycle", "Pulping", "Modular Design", "resource recovery", "Waste Equals Food", "Use Current Solar Income", "Celebrate Diversity", "industrial symbiosis", "Wood Fibres", "Short Wood Fibres", "Anaerobic Digestion", "Biological Nutrient Recovery", "Composting", "Incineration with Ash Spreading", "current solar income", "Old Solar Income", "Natural Processes", "Cradle to Cradle Product Life Cycle", "Energy Quality", "Ecosystem Resilience", "Local Energy Flows", "Natural Systems", "Local Material Flows", "Ecological Relationships", "nutrient exchange with environment", "system design integration", "green roofs", "storm water management", "Constructed wetland", "lower functionality than virgin office paper", "virgin wood fibres", "chemicals for bleaching and de-inking", "emissions from recycling plant", "environmental damage", "photovoltaic energy", "Geothermal Power", "hydro energy", "biomass energy", "Monstrous Hybrid Product", "Downcycling", "Cellulose-based Office Paper", "Monstrous Hybrid", "Biological Materials", "Technical Materials", "Coating Agents", "Dyes and Inks", "cherry tree metaphor", "eco-effectiveness", "achieving the right goal", "optimizing the means to achieving some predefined goal", "Material health", "certification criteria", "homogenous materials", "substances at 100 ppm concentration", "must be reported", "banned chemicals", "must be reported at any level", "Material reutilization", "Renewable energy and carbon management", "Water stewardship", "Social fairness", "Gold level", "Cradle to Cradle emissions standards", "Platinum level", "Cradle Products Innovation Institute", "Certification", "platinum", "most strict certification criteria", "five levels: Basic, Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum", "five categories", "product-level certification", "recyclable content percentage", "weighted average score", "recycled/rapidly renewable content percentage", "final manufacturing stage", "on-site emissions", "renewable energy strategy", "photovoltaic", "geothermal", "hydro", "Building Supply and Materials", "Interior Design and Furniture", "Home and Office Supply", "Packaging and Paper", "Fashion and Textiles", "aluminium can", "drinking water quality standards", "Bronze level", "self-audit", "Silver level", "supplier social conditions", "facility level audit", "voluntary", "multiple-criteria based", "third party program", "volatile organic compounds off-gassing", "problematic", "process chemicals", "platinum level certification", "end of life product recovery", "nutrient reutilization score", "recyclable/compostable percentage", "Chemical identification", "copy and printing paper", "Cleaning products", "computers", "C2C platinum level", "supplier processes", "chemical content focus", "process inputs and outputs focus", "renewable energy certificates", "current solar income energy requirement", "Basic level", "sustainable production", "Returnity", "technological cycle", "100% recyclable", "chemical hydrolysis", "nylon polymers", "nylon monomers", "new nylon products", "Backhausen", "take back system", "neither reduced in quantity nor quality", "Trigema", "C2C Silver certified", "Trigema clothing", "designed to fit into the biological cycle", "made of organic cotton", "TerraSkin", "smooth surface", "water resistant", "tear resistant", "plastic lumber", "Ford Motor Company", "Running Shoes for Rent", "shoe sole", "beneficial nutrients", "Carlsberg Circular Community", "Packaging Material Design", "organic cotton", "Incineration with heat recovery", "75% CaCO3 powder from limestone", "25% high-density polyethylene", "quantitative instrument", "Green Fiber Bottle", "sustainably sourced wood fibres", "Environmental Issues Coverage", "Sustainable society", "Qualitative aspects precede quantitative aspects", "Measures quantitative aspects", "green spaces", "stormwater filtration", "stormwater retention", "porous paving", "phyto-remediation", "absorption and neutralization of pollutants", "polyaromatic hydrocarbons", "photovoltaic cells", "radical redesign", "existing products on the market", "energy efficiency improvements", "projected outcomes", "renewable energy capacity installation", "marginal energy sources", "intentions", "LCA performance", "Energy Use Quantity", "does not encourage energy efficiency", "focuses on material quality over quantity", "dematerialization", "Material quantity", "Production energy", "Qualitative Plan", "Basic Certification Level", "future recycling system", "recycling assumptions", "future recycling system assumptions", "Recycling Modelling", "pot plant", "pot plant soil", "synthetic fertilizer", "ecosphere/technosphere distinction", "spatially resolved characterization factors", "positive impacts on the ecosphere", "ReCiPe LCIA methodology", "Huijbregts et al. 2015", "Marginal Damage from Phosphorous", "nutrient addition", "regional species diversity reduction", "global species diversity reduction", "modern agriculture", "land restoration to natural state", "LCA function", "benefit", "Soil extraction and transport", "Site pollution treatment", "Environmental specificity", "closed material loops", "product consumption increase", "renewable resource consumption", "non-renewable resource use", "resource demand", "Construction sector", "European economy", "Material accumulation", "Virgin resource supply", "long-term material store", "renewable energy infrastructure", "windmills", "transmission cables", "material throughputs", "reduction of environmental impacts per functional unit", "Material Growth", "Positive Recoupling", "Circular Loops", "Resource Circulation", "food scarcity", "lower biodiversity", "plantations", "biomaterial intake", "optimized wrong system", "Flue gas cleaning", "energy conversion processes", "inherently unsustainable", "sustainable society vision", "100% renewable sources", "sustainable society vision translation", "qualitative assessment", "renewable materials", "fossil fuels in use stage", "sustainability conditions", "decreasing environmental impacts per unit of energy consumption", "energy consumption in recycling processes", "recycling facility", "material fate in technosphere", "substitution factors", "material quality difference", "Recycling of aluminium", "alloy composition", "material constituents", "alloy elements", "metal alloys", "intended heterogeneity", "Impurities in Recycled Materials", "Plastic Recycling Processes", "Cascade Material Design", "Multiple Life Cycles", "Relative Impact Comparison", "Loss of Non-Renewable Materials", "Material Quality Decrease", "Recycling Technologies", "Impact Severity", "positive impacts orientation", "absolute guidance", "interpretation stage", "Happiness", "global consumption", "carrying capacity exceedance", "ReCiPe2015", "sustainability framing", "identifying gap between required and actual environmental impact reductions", "gardening activity", "lower environmental impact", "weekend house activity", "higher environmental impact", "Inland Water Eutrophication", "Characterization factors for inland water eutrophication at the damage level", "Effect of incineration temperature on phosphorus availability", "Bio-ash from manure", "Phosphorus availability", "Creating more value with less impact", "system life cycle coverage", "Primary energy", "Petroleum products", "Electric transportation", "Fossil-fuelled transportation", "Fossil Resource Depletion Potential", "energy security", "Cooling systems", "Power systems", "Heat systems", "Fuels for transportation", "Renewable Energy Technologies", "Carbon Capture and Storage", "Fuel Switching", "Electricity production systems", "Heat production systems", "Concentrated solar power technologies", "Chap. 27", "Chap. 30", "Category 1 studies", "Category 2 studies", "single processes", "Energy Sources", "technologies", "locations", "systemic, context-driven", "macro-scale (global)", "prospective", "multi-regional input-output model", "process LCIs", "dynamic perspective", "power plant", "electricity supply to grid", "energy transport and distribution systems", "electricity generation in Mexico in 2006", "225,079 GWh", "electricity generation in Mexico", "grid electricity consumed in Estonia", "1 MWh", "Estonia electricity scenarios", "nuclear scenario", "oil shale scenario", "natural gas scenario", "Energy technology assessment", "Power plant level analysis", "Component level analysis", "Transport and distribution systems", "Weak point analysis", "Energy systems context perspective", "Meso-scale analysis", "Large-scale analysis", "Policy analysis", "Decision-making at regional scales", "nuclear", "electricity generation scenario", "oil shale", "electricity consumed in Denmark", "future Danish power systems", "renewables scenario", "technology assessment for 2030", "Treyer and Bauer (2016)", "Koh Jig Island", "microgrid systems", "Koh Jig Island electrification", "Smith et al. (2015)", "power generation systems", "Sevencan and Ciftcioglu (2013)", "functional unit defined as supply of energy based on demand", "quantity aspect matching total energy demand", "quantity aspect normalised to consumption of one kWh", "electricity supply systems", "BLUE map scenario", "business as usual scenario", "renewable electricity", "Life Cycle Coverage", "electricity supply in the EU in 2050", "44 scenarios", "wind and solar power", "storage", "accommodation of wind and solar power variability", "grid mixes for production processes", "Environmental Impacts in Production Stage", "Environmental Impacts Outside Use Stage", "Life Cycle of Renewable Energy Systems", "Prevention of Environmental Burden-Shifting", "Energy Payback Time", "Macro-scale assessment", "1 kWh", "historical statistics on electricity production", "policy scenario impacts", "total environmental burden", "use/operation stage", "Water Use Impacts", "renewable energy sources", "PV modules", "supporting infrastructure", "wind turbine components", "wind energy systems", "energy recovery", "Thin-film Photovoltaics", "GHG emission accountings", "Energy Demand Assessment", "toxicity-related impacts", "Renewables", "Decommissioning", "life cycle GHG emission accountings", "limited number of environmental impacts", "environmental burden-shifting", "Human Toxicity - Cancer Effects", "ILCD LCIA methodology", "heavy metals emissions", "rare metals use", "Electricity Sector", "electricity and heat generation systems", "Life cycle of power plant", "Life Cycle of Fuels", "Transmission and Transport Infrastructure", "Equipment at Plant", "Capital goods", "Non-toxicity Impact Categories", "Coal-Based Systems", "Gas-Based Systems", "Oil-Based Systems", "Power Plant Construction", "Metal/Mineral Resource Depletion", "Mining Infrastructure", "Extraction of materials for power plant construction", "Decommissioning and disposal of power plant", "Operation of power plant", "Extraction of fuels", "Processing and distribution of fuels", "Combustion of fuels", "Disposal of slags/spent fuels", "Life cycle of heat/electricity generation system", "Fossil Depletion", "Raw Materials Extraction and Construction", "Decommissioning/Disposal", "Mining Operations and Resource Production", "Refining and Distribution", "bio-waste", "Bio-waste combustion", "Fuel production", "Toxic substances", "Farming practices", "Biomass Production", "Indirect land use", "Nuclear Power Systems", "Nuclear fuel life cycle", "Uranium extraction and processing", "Mining tailings and spoils disposal", "Electricity/heat", "Mining activities", "Disposal of heavy metals", "Combustion slag", "Bottom ash", "Spent Nuclear Fuel Disposal", "Steel Canisters", "Nuclear Power Plant Operations", "Biofuel Combustion", "Biogas Combustion", "environmental performances", "Solar power plant unit", "Wind power plant unit", "Dams", "Hydropower plant unit", "Power plant unit production", "Sulfidic tailings and spoils", "Heavy metals and phosphorous compounds", "Scrap metals disposal", "Metal ore extraction", "Wind Power Plants", "Solar Power Plants", "Run-of-River Hydropower Plants", "Reservoir-Based Hydropower Plants", "Mining Operations", "Installation Sites", "Distribution Network", "Power plant conversion efficiency", "ratio of useful energy output to energy input", "differentiated impact results across technologies", "conversion efficiency 30-45%", "conversion efficiency 90%", "conversion efficiency 5-20%", "Carnot's efficiency law", "improvement of thermal power plant efficiency", "Renewable Energy Systems", "Lowest Overall Environmental Impact", "Renewable Technology", "Cleaner Grid Mixes", "Fossil-based Systems", "Particulate Matter Impacts", "combined cycles", "thermal power generation", "waste heat recovery", "Coal Cleaning", "Conversion Efficiency", "Impact Results", "Cleaning Technologies", "Impact Reduction", "Higher Environmental Impacts per Unit Electricity", "Solar Power Environmental Impact", "Renewable Energy Assessment", "Energy Return on Investment", "dimensionless ratio", "Cadmium telluride", "lowest Energy Payback Time", "Copper indium gallium diselenide", "Energy Return on Investment of 8.7–34.2", "Wind power technologies", "Energy Payback Time of few months to 1–2 years", "Energy Return on Investment of 8–40", "rare earth metals", "CCS", "CO2 Capture and Storage", "IGCC", "Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle", "NGCC", "Natural Gas Combined Cycle", "SCPC", "Supercritical Pulverized Coal-fired Power Plant", "CdTe", "CIGS", "Primary Service Provided", "Heat Supply", "energy output", "system function", "comparability of alternatives", "PV module area", "PV module efficiency", "base-load energy technologies", "reliability of supply", "intermittent energy", "PV power systems", "Table 26.3", "intermittent source", "storage system", "compensating source", "base-load electricity demand", "power plant level", "energy systems assessment", "meso- and large-scale assessment", "whole electricity supply system", "Supply of electricity to match global demand", "consumption of 1 kWh of net electricity", "energy accounting", "grid mix", "Scenario A", "energy policies", "Scenario B", "total demand", "smart grid", "demand and supply matching", "energy efficiency measures", "sub-power plant level", "Provision of xx MJ of fuel energy content", "fuel input comparisons", "Generation of 1 kWh of electricity", "Supply of 1 kWh of electricity to the grid", "context perspective", "biomass-based energy systems", "Fossil-based electricity and heat generation systems", "Nuclear-based electricity and heat generation systems", "Power plant decommissioning", "Environmental impacts of electricity and heat supply", "Environmental impacts of renewable energy systems", "carbon capture and storage system", "fossil-fuelled power plants", "resource-use-based impact categories", "renewables-based electricity production", "fossil-based electricity production", "Recycling of materials", "bioenergy systems", "Resource use indicators", "geographical specificities", "prospective dimension", "future technology developments", "future market evolutions", "waste management practices", "temporal consistency with scenarios", "marginal energy technologies", "system expansion cases", "temporal, technological and spatial representativeness", "Co-generation", "allocation based on energy content", "LCI phase", "IO modelling", "Indirect Land Use Change", "bio-based systems", "time perspective", "marginal technology identification", "production capacity", "decision context situation B", "fossils-based energy sources", "scoping and identification of key parameters", "identification of major modelling assumptions", "prospective dimension assessments", "exergy factor of 1", "variable exergy factor typically around 0.15–0.20", "exergy factor", "temperature of delivered heat", "temperature of surroundings", "burden to electricity", "burden to heat production", "marginal data", "technology or process actually affected by changes", "Future-oriented assessments", "Data inadequacy", "temporal dimension", "modeling uncertainty", "Plant efficiencies", "explorative scenarios", "Infrastructure lifetime", "Foresight LCA Studies", "Temporal perspective", "fuel cleaning", "environmental trade-offs", "impact shifting", "post-combustion carbon capture and storage", "Global Warming Potential reduction", "oxyfuel carbon capture and storage", "pre-combustion carbon capture and storage", "additional environmental impacts", "shale gas", "Combined cycle gas turbines", "412–1102 g CO2-eq/kWh", "conventional gas", "Hard coal", "Direct combustion", "Lignite", "Gasification combustion", "Fuel supply chain", "Plant settings", "decommissioning stage", "constantly being improved methodology", "Nuclear energy production", "Uranium enrichment", "Nuclear fuel cycle", "Nuclear waste handling", "Power plant efficiency", "CO2 capture", "capture efficiency", "purity", "origin", "composition", "SO2 emissions", "fuel provision", "Fugitive methane emissions", "Gas transportation", "Shale gas extraction", "Fugitive emissions", "Recoverable resources", "Differences of impacts with other energy sources", "Mining of uranium", "Recycling of uranium and plutonium", "Manufacturing of wind turbines", "Construction phase", "Offshore wind turbines", "Fuel oil cycle", "Power plant use/operations", "fuel type", "Energy utilisation efficiency", "Base-load power plants", "58% efficiency", "Peak-load power plants", "30-40% efficiency", "Closed/open fuel cycles", "pressurized/boiling water reactors", "Operational/Use", "Operating Lifetime", "Impact per Generated Power", "Wind Resource Quality", "Wind Turbine Size", "Si-PV Technology Impacts", "Si Production", "PV Wafer Production", "EPBT", "EROI", "Balance of System Components", "Si-PV Technology", "rotor", "fibre glass", "tower", "reinforced steel", "nacelle", "Photovoltaics technologies", "recyclable", "ethylene vinyl acetate", "tellurium", "Selenium", "Lead", "quality of geothermal source", "inverters", "insulators", "supporting structure", "silver", "concentrating solar power plant", "emergy synthesis", "dry steam geothermal power plant", "Mirrors", "Materials Manufacturing", "Cement", "Hydropower Impacts", "Construction Activities", "Remote Hydropower Impacts", "Methane Emissions", "Reservoir Hydropower", "Evaporative Losses", "Hydrothermal Resources", "parabolic trough plants", "solar thermal energy systems", "solar field", "Steel", "molten salt", "synthetic oil", "power plant unit", "electrical efficiency", "Life cycle assessment of bioenergy systems", "Bioresource Technology", "European energy sector", "Utility-scale wind power", "High Penetration Renewable Energy Scenarios", "electricity-supply scenarios", "low-carbon technologies", "global environmental benefit", "Geothermal binary power plants", "environmental profile of capital goods", "crystalline silicon photovoltaic electricity generation", "Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of thin-film photovoltaic electricity generation", "Enhanced Geothermal Systems electricity generation", "Estonian electricity supply", "wind turbine", "nuclear energy sustainability", "advanced nuclear fuel cycles", "hydroelectric generation", "Power generation from chemically cleaned coals", "Wind farm", "Electricity generation with carbon capture and storage", "Methodology Guidelines on Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Electricity", "Photovoltaic Electricity", "Life-cycle assessment of electricity generation options", "Energy use and recovery in waste management", "power supply", "mini-hydropower plants", "Electricity Generation Technologies", "Low-Carbon Electricity Systems", "Anthropogenic", "Nieves Espinosa", "ecodesign of organic photovoltaics", "footprinting of large-scale systems", "science-based boundaries in LCIA", "Electric Vehicles", "Private Transportation", "Battery Production", "Copper Extraction", "Aluminium Extraction", "Rare Earth Metals Extraction", "Electric Motors Production", "No Tailpipe Emissions", "Lithium-ion Batteries", "Battery Electric Vehicle", "Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", "energy related CO2 emissions", "individual transportation", "alternative fuels", "vehicle energy efficiency", "drive train efficiency improvement", "vehicle weight reduction", "modern production technologies", "renewable energy production", "alternative powertrains", "Hybrid Electric Vehicle", "Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle", "Full Hybrid Electric Vehicle", "Lithium-ion Battery", "Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor", "tailpipe emissions", "PHEV", "ICE works as range extender", "EV main components", "Well to Wheel", "Electric Mobility Sector", "parallel architecture", "series architecture", "combined series-parallel architecture", "Internal Combustion Engine", "mechanical energy", "Battery", "energy from electric motor/generator", "Plug-in Electric Vehicle", "grid recharging capability", "WTT analysis", "upstream supply chain", "energy carrier conversion", "energy carrier distribution", "TTW approach", "vehicle operation", "Parallel HEV", "dual energy route configuration", "wheels", "electric motor", "Series HEV", "single energy route configuration", "generator", "electrical energy", "Well to Tank", "Tank to Wheel", "Energy Carrier Supply Chain", "Electricity from the grid", "Electricity from regenerative braking", "Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles", "Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles", "Distance driven", "Fuel consumption reduction", "Alternative drive trains", "Tailpipe emissions reduction", "lightweight materials", "Magnesium steering wheel production", "Magnesium electrolysis", "Greenhouse Gas emission savings", "Car life cycle", "magnesium Pidgeon process", "weight reduction", "Battery Electric Vehicle Use Stage", "Vehicle Weight", "Mechanical Energy Demand", "impact per kilometre", "Battery pack production", "Electric vehicle production impact", "Mining processes", "Nickel extraction", "Cobalt extraction", "Lithium extraction", "Electric vehicle production", "Higher environmental burden than conventional vehicle production", "EV production", "Electric Vehicle Life Cycle", "EV use stage", "EV end-of-life", "Conventional Vehicles", "Component Reuse", "Component Remanufacture", "Environmental Credits", "Life Cycle Impact Reduction", "energy source impact", "powertrain efficiency", "zero tailpipe emissions", "vehicle energy consumption", "powertrain inefficiencies", "total energy consumed", "non-propulsion components", "Comparisons between different types of EVs and CVs", "energy mix used to power vehicles", "driving behaviour and local climate conditions", "weight reduction strategies", "Traction batteries", "end-of-life scenarios", "car body", "Electric Mobility", "Energy Density", "Weight", "short-term effects", "Supply chain model", "operational level LCA", "EV Life Cycle Assessment", "Battery system", "Total Vehicle Environmental Impact", "EV Component Assembly", "EV Component Disposal", "EV Component Recovery", "Energy Conversion Efficiency", "Component Interdependencies", "Modelling Approach", "eLCAr guidelines", "Quality Needs", "Situation Context A", "Drive Train Production", "Car Body Production", "Vehicle Assembly", "Painting Processes", "Material and Energy Recovery", "Driving Range Limitation", "Charging Time", "Application Type", "Driving Cycle", "Urban Transportation", "Average Vehicle Use", "Long-Distance Transportation", "Vehicle Mass", "Use Stage Energy Demand", "Discharge Ratio", "total number of cycles", "Battery Efficiency", "Electromobility", "vehicle class", "range per charge", "vehicle lifetime", "number of passengers per ride", "LCA of electric vehicles", "battery configuration", "BEV", "battery weight", "peripheral components design", "vehicle weight increase", "energy demand during use stage", "peripheral components", "interdependency matrix", "component interactions", "component interactions in electric vehicles", "vehicle characteristics", "driving characteristics", "driving behaviours", "geographic effects", "Vehicle Production Stage", "EV", "Glider", "Drive Train", "VW Golf", "Manufacturing and assembly stage", "vehicle-level LCA", "component LCA", "Non-Exhaust Emissions", "Traction force", "Aerodynamic resistance", "Rolling resistance", "Gravitational force", "Kinetic energy change", "Mechanical power", "energy demanded by an EV", "auxiliary devices consumption", "air conditioning and heating consumption", "battery energy losses", "charging losses", "speed profile", "power at the wheel", "NEDC", "urban cycles", "highway cycle", "WLTP", "statistical driving conditions", "Steady-state driving cycles", "constant sequence of speed over time", "Pw", "charging inefficiencies", "energy losses", "discharging mechanisms", "Speed vs Time", "Vehicle Emissions Measurement", "Fuel Consumption Measurement", "Transient Driving Cycle", "New European Driving Cycle", "Worldwide harmonised Light vehicles Test Procedures", "Passenger Car Usage in Europe", "heating system", "2 kWh per 100 km", "NEDC driving cycle", "electric passenger car transport dataset", "regenerative braking", "urban-driving condition", "ecoinvent v3 dataset", "electric passenger car transport", "GREET model", "Vehicle-cycle model", "Charging and power electronic systems", "Vehicle Disassembly", "Hazardous Material Treatment", "E-Motor Processing", "Battery System Processing", "E-Motor Remanufacturing", "European Energy Mix", "E-Motor", "Remanufacturing", "E-Motor End-of-Life Treatment", "Permanent Magnet Recovery", "Traction Battery End-of-Life Treatment", "battery recycling", "Hydrometallurgical processes", "Cell treatment", "Pyro-metallurgical processes", "Material recovery amount", "Driving 1 km", "4.7 tonnes CO2-eq over 150000 km lifetime", "Ellingsen et al. (2014)", "Conventional Vehicle Production", "Coal-based Electricity", "Battery Cooling System", "Terrestrial Acidification Potential", "Particulate Matter Formation Potential", "energy consumption reduction", "Li-FePO4", "Li-NCM", "High Motor Efficiency", "Ambient Temperature Influence on Energy Demand", "Minor Ambient Temperature Influence on Fuel Consumption", "Lightweight Electric Vehicle Comparison", "Material Properties", "Vehicle Properties", "Lightweight Material", "Lightweight Factor", "System Description", "Daily and Seasonal Use Pattern", "Higher environmental impacts in raw material acquisition", "Higher environmental impacts in end-of-life stage", "Engine excess heat", "Vehicle cabin heating", "No excess heat from electric motor", "Additional energy for cabin heating", "Sulphur content in electricity sources", "Natural gas electricity", "Photo-oxidant Formation Potential", "Nickel", "Toxic refuses", "European average electricity", "Coal-intensive electricity", "LCA world map comparison", "gasoline CV", "EV with lithium iron-phosphate battery", "lithium iron-phosphate battery", "ambient temperature", "break-even point analysis", "Break-even Point", "Cobalt", "battery dismantling", "cell processing", "Environmental Impact of Lightweight Material", "Environmental Savings from Lightweight Material", "Reference Material", "GHG Emission Intensity", "Environmental Impact Range", "electrification of personal transportation", "reduction in GHG emissions", "environmental evaluation of transportation sector", "Li-FePO4 Battery", "Gasoline Vehicle", "Vehicle Production", "system scope definition", "methodological harmonisation", "Low Impact Energy Sources", "Fossil Fuel Electricity", "Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions", "Functional Equivalency", "modelling of interdependencies", "visualisation of results", "use pattern", "gasoline conventional vehicle", "part manufacturing and vehicle assembly", "vehicle life cycle inventory", "Hybrid vehicles", "Nickel metal hydride batteries", "Building Environmental Impacts", "Building", "Built Environment", "infrastructure", "Life Cycle Impacts Distribution", "LCA of human settlements", "electrical mixes", "eLCAr", "Electric vehicle life-cycle energy and emissions", "reduction of Li-ion battery impacts", "Electric passenger car transport life cycle inventories", "GREET 2.7", "Global Energy Use", "Solid Waste Streams", "Urban Activities", "Settlements", "global electricity", "Cities", "global material consumption", "human waste", "nutrient emissions", "surface water pollution", "Building LCA", "Built environment assessment", "Construction aggregates", "single building", "high degree of accuracy", "agglomeration of buildings", "reasonable degree of accuracy", "entire lifetime of a building", "short period snapshot", "building-specific data", "Building Stock", "Space conditioning", "Fossil Fuel Based Energy", "Automobile Use", "Building-Level Assessment", "Neighbourhood-Level Assessment", "Energy-Inefficient Buildings", "High Energy Demand", "Dense City with Transit", "Reduced Automobile Use", "dense urban fabric", "building-scale LCA", "design intervention identification", "neighbourhood-scale LCA", "major impact drivers", "neighbourhood-scale impacts", "building energy", "multifaceted LCA approach", "building perspective", "built environment viewpoint", "human settlement", "operational energy", "building design and operation", "Building Design", "Energy Performance", "Environmental Evaluation", "Building Technologies", "ISO/TC 59 SC 17", "sustainability assessment of buildings", "CEN/TC 350", "building sustainability certification systems", "building Life Cycle Assessment", "Energy consumption patterns", "Construction methods", "Disposal technologies", "Later Design Stages", "Environmental Efficiency", "Building Envelope", "Thermal Transmittance", "Building environmental impact assessment", "harmonised approaches", "Building uniqueness", "horizontal comparison difficulty", "Building service provision", "operational energy consumption", "plug load", "Service Life", "Life Cycle Energy", "Building Life Cycle", "Repair", "Replacement", "Refurbishment", "Demolition", "After-use", "Energy demand for building operation", "Specific energy demand", "Pre-use", "Construction site activities", "Transport to manufacturing", "Transport to building site", "Construction worker's transport", "Life Cycle Substages", "recycling potential calculation", "recyclable materials handling", "second allocation method", "after-life stage", "Material Scope", "Geographical Preconditions", "additional materials", "building component impacts", "transport processes", "heavier materials impacts", "installation process", "cutting waste", "LCI Input", "After-Use Stage", "Long Service Life", "Scenario Evaluation", "Maintenance Frequencies", "Annual Heating Demand", "Recycling Potential", "Next Product System", "embodied energy", "technological scope", "national mix", "Nordic mix", "nuclear-based CHP technologies", "coal-based CHP technologies", "European mix", "fossil fuel-based technologies", "building service life", "50–80 years", "annual energy used", "problematic emissions", "CML methodology", "building material EPDs", "building sector scale", "single building scale", "post-construction evaluation", "simplifications at system level", "simplifications at input level", "simplifications at indicator level", "residential buildings", "building component decisions", "Urban Metabolism", "mass-based", "Waste Treatment Demands", "LCI simplifications", "life cycle stages simplifications", "pre-use stage", "maintenance stage", "low-energy building impacts", "operating energy", "urban self-assessment", "water flows", "Sewer System", "drinking water network", "water management", "reform-urbanism movement", "air quality", "Environmental implications of socio-technical systems", "eMergy", "Material Flow Analysis", "concrete", "linear metabolism", "Material Flow Analysis of built environment", "mass as environmental proxy", "biomass flows", "biodiversity threats", "indirect mass", "Embodied Mass", "Inflows", "Natural energy", "waste emissions", "Outflows", "Gases", "Produced goods", "Infrastructure/buildings", "Stocks", "drinking water", "pollutant loading", "Scope 1", "Scope 2", "imported electricity", "Processing and Manufacturing", "Beijing construction", "Aggregate", "Inter-stage transport", "per-capita normalization", "environmental intensity assessment", "durable goods life cycle", "structural steel", "MFA", "Material Demands", "national level", "multi-scale IO models", "regional industry interdependencies", "present final-demands", "Buildings and the Built Environment", "Trade interdependencies", "Demand-side analysis", "Process-based assessment", "Exported goods", "environmental screening", "inventory completeness", "urban form", "economic development", "population dynamics", "household consumption", "Low population growth rate", "High disposable income", "Compromised waste management system", "Private motor vehicle usage", "Capital formation", "Low population density", "Climate variability", "High population growth rate", "urban design interventions", "food production", "built form", "congestion charge", "metabolic activities", "Nexus interactions", "LCA-based assessments", "emergent metabolism", "construction aggregate use", "road construction", "embodied impacts of construction aggregate use", "boundary effects", "Multiregion IO-LCA", "urban household", "single region IO-LCA", "Helsinki", "dense living", "transport emission", "consumption in other areas", "territorial LCA", "mixed rural–urban systems", "land uses and programmes as functional units", "system dynamics", "LCAs and MFAs of cities", "urbanisation", "per-capita material flows", "Goldstein et al.'s (2013) assessment", "five cities", "full suite of indicators", "local environmental improvement", "agricultural land", "Lenzen and Peters (2010)", "GHGs", "Hillman and Ramaswami (2010)", "8 US cities", "indirect mass flows", "material and energy fluxes", "C&D waste", "kg particulates <10 µm year−1", "Local air pollution", "wealth of residents", "System dynamics MFA", "Sensitivity testing", "embodied mass within goods", "electricity demands", "super-linear scaling with population", "urban morphology", "multi-indicator assessments", "minimise burden shifting between environmental issues", "Multi-indicator toolsets", "Imported goods", "LCI components", "Embodied impacts in imported goods", "network analysis", "economic attributes", "social attributes", "Waste statistics", "urban metabolic activities", "Consumer expenditure data", "LCIA data", "biogenic carbon storage", "EPD harmonisation", "trade statistics", "goods/materials", "industrial products", "innovative materials", "product specific data", "wood products", "Scope 1 emissions", "Scope 2 emissions", "GHG studies", "Embodied GHGs in imported goods", "Local contextual data", "Economic data", "Purchasing power adjustment", "static nature", "comprehensiveness", "certification framework", "input flows delimitation", "building operational efficiency", "nutritional needs", "building energy use", "transport energy", "LCI of the built environment", "Office Buildings", "New Construction", "Existing Construction", "Low Energy Buildings", "Dense downtown living", "Greenhouse gas benefits", "household goods", "Meat and dairy", "Institutional Building", "Energy and Material Flow", "Urban Ecosystem", "Urban Areas", "Suburbanization", "Household carbon footprints", "Building components", "Phosphorus management", "LCA calculations", "Ubiquitous Computing", "Network Science", "Urban Systems Assessment", "Systems Thinking", "environmental assessment in land planning", "Direct and indirect energy use", "Production phase of buildings", "Life cycle energy analysis of buildings", "Energy Build", "Multidimensional Pareto optimization", "Site-specific building refurbishment solutions", "energy need for operation", "Food demand", "Affluence", "Heated greenhouses", "Year-round food supply", "Urban farming", "Food import", "Livestock production", "Crop and Livestock Production", "Nutrient Runoff", "Effects on Non-target Animals", "Nitrogen Cycle Disruption", "Synthetic fertilisers", "Synthetic pesticides", "Green Revolution", "Plant breeding", "fossil energy", "Food Product Life Cycle", "Preparation", "food waste", "Digestion", "agricultural LCAs", "Nitrogen cycle", "Fertiliser production", "Fertiliser application", "Production and Transportation of Inputs", "Cultivation", "Processing", "Manure handling", "Fertiliser Production and Use", "Food Product Transportation", "Agricultural Stage", "Cradle-to-farm gate", "Agrichemicals", "Pesticide production", "Nitrogenous fertiliser manufacturing", "Phosphorous fertiliser manufacturing", "Fertiliser industry", "phosphate rock", "forest conversion", "Agricultural products", "Envi Food protocol", "Food products", "greenhouse", "overexploited", "animal feed transport", "animal feed production emissions", "capital goods production", "decommissioning of capital goods", "Agrichemical Application", "Pesticide Residues", "Sprayer", "Cleaning Water", "Phosphorous", "Particulate Phosphorus", "Enteric fermentation", "Excretion and manure handling", "Seeds", "5% Contribution Threshold", "Ploughing", "pesticide application", "Harvesting", "greenhouse heating", "Product transport", "Fossil fuel use", "Agricultural data selection", "Animal Husbandry and Manure Management", "Croplands and pastures", "Land surface used", "Irrigated crops", "Global food production", "Food production environmental impacts", "Farm water discharge", "Salts and pollutants", "Cool Storage", "Conditioning", "Sorting", "Dishwashing", "Hot water", "Household energy use", "dynamiCROP model", "Cooking", "Food Storage", "Food Preparation", "Reduced soil productivity", "Increased fertiliser demand", "Unsustainable farming practices", "Land cover transformation", "Natural vegetation loss", "LCIA practice", "Post-harvest handling and storage", "Processing and packaging", "Consumer stage", "Fresh Products Life Cycle", "Animal Products Life Cycle Impacts", "Refrigerated Transport and Storage", "Fruit and Vegetable Products Impacts", "Long Distance Fruit and Vegetable Impacts", "mode of travel", "Impact Significance", "Food Transport from Retailer", "Cooking and Storage Energy", "Eutrophication Potential", "Food Sector", "Cheese", "Bread", "Tomato", "Danish pork", "LCA study of full diet", "pig farm", "LCA of Danish pork", "slaughterhouse", "transport infrastructure", "Soybean meal", "pork meat production", "Sludge Disposal", "human excretion", "Natural fertiliser", "Biogas", "Avoided impacts", "Farm Input Production", "Soybean Meal Production", "Methane Emissions from Manure", "Meat Processing", "Transport to UK", "Manure application to field", "Ammonia emissions from pig housing", "Food waste reduction", "Food Waste Handling", "Chicken meat", "Pork", "Ammonia emissions", "Pig housing", "Energy use in pig housing", "Transport after slaughterhouse", "Nitrogen excretion", "Beef", "Chicken", "Greatest fossil energy use among meat products", "Cheese production", "Retailing", "Rennet", "Calcium chloride", "Salt", "Cardboard", "cleaning agents", "Farm impacts", "Farm", "Dairy Factory", "Farming", "Methane emissions from fermentation in the cow rumen", "N2O emissions from soil processes", "Farm inputs and agricultural stage", "ammonia volatilisation", "Nitrate leaching", "farm inputs", "cheese making process", "Natural gas use", "Production and retailing", "off-farm emissions", "Marine and Freshwater Eutrophication", "Transport Mode", "truck transport", "consumers' car transport", "sewage treatment", "Food and Agriculture", "Bread production system", "Food product", "Refrigerants", "Refrigerant leaking", "Baking scale comparison", "Industrial bakeries", "Baking", "Food processing", "Ethanol", "wheat cultivation", "Wheat milling", "Packaging material production", "Household stage", "Local bakery", "Transport by car", "No extra kilometres", "Industrial bakery impacts", "Mass allocation", "Local bakery impacts", "Milling", "Flour", "Bakery production", "co-produced electricity in waste incineration", "Electricity production from oil combustion", "mol H+", "g O2", "g C2H4-eq", "MJ", "Greenhouse tomato production", "Torrellas et al. 2012a", "Sim et al. (2007)", "French beans", "shipping", "Mithraratne et al. (2010)", "kiwifruit", "Manufacturing of greenhouse components", "Irrigation and water collection systems", "Substrate production", "Waste handling and transport", "Greenhouse structure", "Steel frame", "Plastic cover", "Auxiliary equipment", "processing stage", "Meat, dairy and beverages", "Home storage and cooking", "Diet environmental impacts", "Production inputs", "Beverages", "LCA study of average Spanish diet", "Munoz et al. (2004)", "Study Goal Definition", "Fuel Type Selection", "Bakery Scale", "System Equivalence", "System Consistency", "Greenhouse Production", "New Nordic Diet", "Average Danish Diet", "less meat", "more fish", "organic production", "local ingredients", "edible parts not consumed", "vegetarian diet", "Nemecek et al. (2011)", "conventional/integrated farming", "Organic farming", "7-year crop rotations", "supply of food for a Spanish citizen in the year 2005", "storage at home", "wastewater treatment of human excretion", "land management", "impacts expressed per hectare per year", "impacts reported per kg dry matter or per MJ net energy content", "Swiss Agriculture Life Cycle Assessment", "energy resources", "Conventional Agriculture", "Soil Health", "Compost", "Higher biodiversity", "Synthetic pesticides ban", "25-30% higher land requirement", "Lower potential impacts per land management function", "Lower toxicity impacts per kg dry matter", "Per kg dry matter", "Manure and compost application", "Avoidance of synthetic-agrochemical pesticides", "Organic milk production", "Grazing", "Organically produced roughage feed", "Integrated farming", "Integrated pest management", "Targeted pesticide application", "Crop rotation diversification", "Winter soil protection", "Mineral Fertiliser", "Reduced Mineral Fertiliser Use", "crop rotations", "lower yields", "Conventional milk production", "Feed concentrates", "study perspective", "Flow indicators", "Concentrate", "concentrate production", "artificial fertiliser production", "manure storage", "Income-related metric", "kg of milk", "LCA outcomes", "Agricultural function studied", "Intensification levels", "Apple production", "Apple transportation", "Cold storage", "breeding of animals", "roughage production", "bedding material production", "transport of animal manure", "artificial fertiliser application", "Cow", "Terrestrial Toxicity", "nitrogen flows", "carbon flows", "acidifying emissions", "Environmental Impacts of Transportation Phase", "Food Miles", "Local Food", "Local Food Environmental Aspects", "Land use 1.3 m2 per kg FPCM", "Energy use 5.0 MJ per kg FPCM", "Apple storage", "Tomato production in heated greenhouses", "Imported tomatoes from Spain", "Local tomato production", "Pork meat export", "reflect a product's function", "providing income for farmers", "choice of functional unit", "provide energy and nutrients to human body", "agricultural soil", "Fertiliser use", "Animal manure use", "environmental impacts from on-field processes", "N balance", "N surplus", "nitrogen potentially emitted to the environment", "Product losses", "Production system diversity", "LCA results variation", "N leaching", "Swiss agriculture", "PestLCI 2.0", "pesticide emissions to air, surface water and groundwater", "Nitrogen emissions from manure", "livestock dietary composition", "Nitrogen balance", "chemical fertilisers", "organic fertilisers", "crop uptake", "soil and climate conditions", "field", "application technology", "climatic circumstances", "crop", "salinisation", "ecosystem health", "Nutritional Quality", "Wheat Yield", "chemical properties", "local circumstances", "cropping systems", "Data Scarcity", "Food Supply Chains", "Direct Land Use Change", "toxicity impacts reduction", "grasslands conversion", "Soil Quality Impact", "Salinisation Impact", "GHG Emissions from Soils", "food production stage", "energy consumed in food storage and preparation", "treatment of human excretion", "greenhouse infrastructures", "inventory datasets", "food security", "arable land", "livestock products", "dairy products", "Perennial Crop Cycle", "Assessing potential desertification environmental impact in Life Cycle Assessment", "LCA of local and imported tomato", "nutrient flows", "pesticide flows", "LCA studies of food products", "sustainability strategy for food sourcing", "Agrochemical emissions", "agricultural LCI", "Agricultural LCIA methods", "Field emissions modelling", "Perennial crops", "Agri-food chains", "Pesticide emission quantification", "resource use in agricultural activities", "Thomassen et al.", "Tomato Crop Production", "Protected Crops", "Van Middelaar et al.", "bio-products", "life cycle impact categories", "Fossil Products", "Fossilisation", "bio-based goods", "Fossil Carbon", "Natural Carbon Cycle", "petrochemical counterparts", "biomass feedstock", "Bio-based chemicals", "Fossil-based chemicals", "bio-based polymers", "Fossil-based polymers", "Chemical industry feedstock", "made from biomass feedstocks", "biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from biological origin", "from agriculture, forestry and related industries", "made from fossilised biomass", "Renewable Energy Directive", "biogenic carbon", "bio-products feedstock", "bio-product production", "2G biofuel", "lignocellulosic feedstock", "3G bio-products", "microalgae", "lignocellulosic residues", "soil carbon replenishment", "high yield potentials", "plants or biogenic residues/waste", "plants", "carbon sequestration and release timing", "carbon neutrality", "First generation bio-products", "produced by conventional methods", "starch", "vegetable oil", "animal fats", "Second generation bio-products", "agricultural residues", "energy crops", "EU-RED", "Renewable Fuel Standard", "bioethanol", "Liquid biofuels", "Gaseous biofuels", "Syngas", "Biohydrogen", "Pellets", "Solid biofuels", "Lignin", "Synthetic biomaterials", "biopolymers", "biocomposites", "Polylactic acid", "biodegradable", "fossil resource-based products", "End-of-Life Handling", "attributional system boundaries", "consequential system boundaries", "residue use and by-products", "Liquid fuels", "Solid fuels", "Gaseous fuels", "Energy Savings", "Fossil Fuel Replacement", "Biofuels vs Biomaterials Comparison", "bio-based product sustainability", "environmental sustainability of bio-products", "biomass use", "1G bio-products", "2G bio-products", "better environmental performance", "2G bio-products feedstocks", "better environmental performance than 1G", "carcinogenic potential", "Representativeness of the study", "LUC emissions", "Soil type", "Geography", "biorefinery concept", "integrated production of bio-products", "Major Impact Processes in the Life Cycle", "LCA of bio-products", "integrated production of fuel and materials", "biomass energy and material recovery", "Industrial farming practices", "liquid waste", "LCA perspective", "Life cycle scenarios", "cradle-to-grave perspective", "meta-analysis", "LCA Modelling Choices", "feedstock", "Regional Scope", "microalgal biodiesel", "3G biofuels", "concentration and transformation processes", "co-product management", "Biased data and assumptions", "IPCC guidelines", "tropical conditions", "ILUC impacts", "data integrity", "assumptions review", "Biodiversity changes", "Soil organic carbon loss", "IPCC 2006", "g CO2-eq per MJ", "inventory uncertainties", "bio-product studies", "biomaterials production", "new technologies", "Product Incineration", "Short Lifetime", "Long Lifetime", "IPCC GWP100", "short-term perspective", "100 years", "emissions occurring during first 100 years", "correction elementary flow", "IPCC GWP100 factors", "delayed emissions", "Kyoto Protocol", "accounting period", "fraction left in atmosphere", "atmospheric decay tail", "100-year accounting period", "atmospheric CO2", "greenhouse gas emission impacts", "approximately 20% stays in atmosphere for many thousand years", "temporary carbon storage crediting", "starts counting from time carbon is stored", "biopolymer products", "carbon equivalent mass", "carbon storage duration", "correction flow", "carbon storage", "Atmospheric GHG Concentration", "Biodegradability", "Molecular structure", "Petrochemical materials", "Mitigation value", "Heat and power", "carbon cascading", "Carbon dioxide release", "biodegradable polymers", "Landfill with Gas Capture", "Biogas Plant", "Home Composting", "Landfill without Gas Capture", "High Characterisation Factor", "Biomaterial", "Nitrogen content", "Phosphorous content", "Potassium content", "Soil replenishment", "Biodegradable products", "Marginal Land", "man-made conversion of land", "most likely to be converted", "Timber harvesting", "Infrastructure development", "Agricultural expansion", "Species Extinction", "LCIA models and indicators", "Land Cover Type", "Solar Radiation Reflection", "Climate Impact Assessments", "Snow and Ice Coverage", "High Albedo", "Forest Coverage", "Low Albedo", "Crop price increases", "Intensified agricultural production", "increased use of chemicals", "Induced impacts", "Carbon Pools", "Above ground biomass", "Litter and deadwood", "soil organic carbon", "Albedo effect", "15 years average retention", "plantation replanting cycle", "30 years", "linear sequestration", "Rapeseed oil", "Biodiesel production from rapeseed in Europe", "Marginal oil crop", "organic residues", "carbon pool loss", "biomass from virgin sources", "permanent carbon pool", "palm oil derived biodiesel", "timber extraction", "oil palm plantations", "timber felling", "timber production", "emissions from logged-over forest", "timber trees", "land use change emissions", "carbon stored in timber", "timber extraction as separate product system", "timber substitution effects", "20-30 year amortization period", "fossil emissions", "forest recovery", "biogenic carbon sequestered", "land use change emissions allocation", "conversion of secondary forests to bio-products crops", "conversion of crops to bio-products crops", "Carbon dioxide (biogenic)", "IPCC", "carbon data for various land uses", "IPCC data", "generic carbon stocks data", "forest carbon stocks", "significant variability", "Immediate LUC emissions", "20-year allocation period for annual crops", "20-30 year allocation period for tree/palm plantations", "soil carbon sequestration", "Soil carbon degradation", "peat land conversion", "Peat oxidation", "Peat soil drainage", "Land management practices", "Assessment of bio-product crop on peat soil", "20 year allocation period", "non-linear allocation over time", "higher allocation to earlier years", "European Commission 2010", "Peat soils", "high organic contents", "cultivated peat land", "biodiesel feedstocks", "peat composition", "management practices", "ILUC Emissions", "Payback Time", "Carbon Debt", "Net Carbon Balance", "Difference in Four Carbon Pools", "Net Emission", "Net Sequestration", "Carbon Sequestration Credits", "Difference in Carbon Stock at Assessment Boundaries", "Plantation Management", "1.7 tonne CO2-eq/tonne biodiesel", "fossil diesel extraction, refining and combustion", "50 tonne CO2-eq/ha", "1 tonne biodiesel per ha/year", "biodiesel system", "net saving of 1 tonne CO2-eq/tonne biodiesel", "Integrated Biorefineries", "Food and Feed Production", "Sustainable Biomass", "conventional processes", "integrated production of biofuels and biomaterials", "agricultural management practices", "no-tillage farming", "reduction of environmental impacts from biomass feedstock production", "winter crop cultivation", "extensive farming", "non-degradable carbon", "sustainably available amount of crop residues", "algae biomass", "Oil sands", "Synthetic crude oil production", "Conventional crude oil production", "Biofuel crops", "Unconventional oil", "Environmental impact approximately double conventional oil", "Fossil fuel CO2", "Multiple timescales for neutralization", "Substituting fossil products", "Reduced non-renewable energy use", "Reduced water use", "Reduced water quality impacts", "Carbon Cycle", "petrochemicals", "Albedo Dynamics", "Bioenergy", "Forest Biomass", "Energy and greenhouse gas-based LCA", "biofuel and bioenergy systems", "biogenic CO2 fluxes", "algae bioenergy feedstocks", "Environmental life cycle comparison", "lower need for agricultural input", "higher soil organic carbon sequestration potentials", "can reduce erosion", "decrease land use compared to 1G bio-products", "can grow on land not suited for agricultural production", "forest residues", "not competing with global food production", "algal fuels", "Microalgal-Based Biofuels", "Carbon storage and delayed emissions", "Oil palm plantation establishment", "Greenhouse gas balance", "biobased polymers", "N2O release", "agro-biofuel production", "Perennial Grasses", "forestry operations", "temporary carbon storage in biomaterials", "global land use impact assessment on biodiversity and ecosystem services", "biodiesel production from microalgae", "corn stover-based fuel ethanol", "global climate", "Allocation issues in LCA methodology", "Environmental impacts of biobased materials", "Modern Society", "Chemical Industry", "early product life cycle stages", "product use stage", "chemical emissions characterization", "organic chemicals", "carbon skeleton structure", "composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen", "Inorganic chemicals", "lack carbon-to-carbon bonds", "based on metals and other elements", "Chemical reactivity", "atomic composition", "ionisation", "Susanne Vedel Hjuler", "LCA of biomaterials", "Sune Balle Hansen", "LCA of biofuels", "CAS Registry Number", "several hundred million tonnes per year", "Commercial chemicals", "more than ten thousand in use", "Pharmaceuticals", "Plant Protection Products", "Green Chemistry", "Sustainable Chemistry", "Chemical Product Life Cycle", "Chemical Synthesis and Production Processes", "product manufacturing", "Abiotic Raw Materials", "Biotic Raw Materials", "Polychlorinated biphenyls", "toxic and highly persistent", "Chlorinated paraffins", "Chemical and pharmaceutical industries", "extraction, purification and synthesis of chemicals", "chemicals production processes", "use or disposal of chemicals by other industries", "Risk", "Hazard", "consumer chemicals", "speciality chemicals", "basic inorganics", "polymers", "benzene", "styrene", "Ozone Layer Depletion", "Soil and Water Pollution", "Ore Mining and Processing", "Incomplete Combustion", "Spatiotemporal resolution", "Chemicals management", "Chemical Releases", "Ecosystem Health Impacts", "Wildlife Health Impacts", "Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer", "Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants", "chemicals assessment", "Chemical Management Tools", "Conceptual Relationships", "Cancer risk assessment", "acceptable risk threshold", "Parts per million", "Chemical concentration measurement", "Hazard Identification", "Risk Characterisation", "Chemical pollution", "Greenhouse gas emission targets", "Environmental systems management", "Chemical footprints", "Chemical pollution control strategies", "High-throughput screening", "First-tier screening", "Hazard ranking", "High-throughput risk screening", "Robotic in vitro bioassays", "Computational models", "Safety Thresholds", "Chemical Concentrations in Environmental Media", "minimising impacts", "Receptor Perspective", "Non-Receptor-Oriented", "Non-Threshold-Based", "Single or multiple chemicals expose multiple receptors over life cycle of single product or service", "Single chemical exposes individual receptor", "Producer/emitter perspective", "Product- or service-specific impacts", "Chemical-specific hazards and risks", "Comparative Ranking of Impacts", "Single Product Assessment", "Multiple chemicals", "Multiple receptors", "Individual receptor", "Green Engineering", "Sandestin conference", "United Nations Conference on Environment and Development", "pollution prevention", "Principles of Green Chemistry", "reducing or eliminating hazardous substances", "optimising use of finite resources", "reducing environmental impacts of chemical production", "Social Considerations", "Chemical Function-based Methods", "Chemicals Assessment and Alternatives (CAA)", "economic feasibility", "technical performance", "OECD Substitution and Alternatives Assessment Toolbox", "Chemical Product Design", "Chemical Process Design", "Environmental Performance Assessment", "identifies safer alternatives to harmful chemicals", "compares chemicals on basis of hazards", "considers performance and economic viability", "Product Materials", "Disposal Processes", "Freshwater Acidification", "chemical processing", "Chemical synthesis/processing", "Product application/use", "Chemical Product Manufacturing", "Chemical Disposal", "Chemical Process", "Goal of LCI/LCA Study", "Process-based Modelling", "Chemical Industry Guidance", "chemical synthesis", "chemicals in materials", "formulations", "combination or mixture of chemicals", "partial LCA studies", "Gate to gate", "chemicals in materials, products, and formulations", "Pesticide formulations", "Flame retardants in electronics", "Nano-materials", "Polymers used in food packaging", "Industrial solvents", "Reactor configuration", "solvents", "Catalysts", "Machine lubricants", "Chemical products or materials", "Generic life cycle stages", "Chemicals consumption and emissions", "Stages A or A–B", "Stages A–F", "Acrolein", "Biochemical synthesis", "Simplified Tools", "Hybridised LCA Tools", "Communication and Management", "Green Solvents", "Stages A–C", "Thermoplastic starch", "High-density polyethylene", "petroleum-based polymers", "Low-density polyethylene", "Polyethylene terephthalate", "Polypropylene", "Polystyrene", "eco-friendly food packaging", "fluorinated chemicals", "bio-based raw materials", "petro-based polymers", "PLA", "Human toxicity (cancer)", "Human toxicity (non-cancer)", "Respiratory inorganics", "process systems engineering decisions", "multiple indicators", "Ecotoxicity Potential", "pesticide synthesis and production", "multiple impacts", "agricultural crop protection", "Chemical Complexity", "Pharmaceutical Production", "Fossil Fuel-Based Chemical Production", "Bio-Based Chemical Production", "Biomass Synthesis", "Fossil Fuel Synthesis", "solvent use", "green chemical production processes", "bio-PET", "terephthalic acid", "ethylene glycol", "derived from natural gas", "derived from sugar cane", "derived from petroleum", "polyethylene terephthalate polymer production", "Natural gas refinement", "Ethylene glycol production", "Cracking", "Ethylene separation and purification", "Bio-based feedstock processing", "Biomass type", "post-processing of bio-based products", "post-processing of residues", "continuous reactor", "batch reactor", "catalysis", "fermentation", "antimony trioxide", "polycondensation", "polymerisation", "process yield", "environmental impact per chemical production unit", "Partial Functional Unit Definition", "Inconsistent LCA of Chemicals and Chemical Products", "Environmental Impact Profile", "hazard and human impacts", "xylene", "Ethylene", "Ethylene oxide", "bio-ethylene", "bio-ethylene glycol", "one-product system", "cleans hair for 24 h", "makes hair shiny for 24 h", "two-product system", "Chemical Inventory Data", "Multi-functionality", "Siloxanes", "Shiny hair", "Terpenes", "Fragrance", "Solvent", "Stabiliser", "Humectant", "Emulsifier", "captures product equivalency", "reflects amount of goods and services for Functional Unit", "water plus stabiliser plus humectant plus emulsifier", "product system comparison", "chemical pesticide active ingredients", "carbamate insecticides", "Liquid Shampoo", "Powdered Shampoo", "Hair Cleaning Process", "Chemical Efficiency", "Pest Control Efficiency", "Bio-based Chemical Synthesis", "Fossil-based Chemical Synthesis", "field buffer strips", "reduction of pesticide impact on non-treated areas", "buffer strips allocation to technosphere", "crop yield per hectare", "pesticide amount used", "buffer strips system boundary definition", "environmental distribution processes of pesticides", "Pesticide Inventory Data", "Double Counting of Processes", "Pesticide Impact Pathways", "agricultural fields", "Emission Quantities", "Sugar cane harvesting", "Refined sugar", "Molasses", "Bagasse", "biochemical production", "By-product allocation", "Aspen HYSYS", "oil and gas process simulation", "Aspen Plus", "chemical process optimisation", "BatchReactor", "chemical reactor simulation", "BatchColumn", "batch distillation columns simulation", "CHEMCAD", "chemical process simulators", "material and energy balances", "occupational environment", "consumer environment", "post-use", "product washing-off", "d-limonene", "cross-contamination", "chemical residues", "Landfill leachate", "Environmental conditions", "Time and location", "Indoor Emission", "Outdoor Emission", "Sorption and Desorption", "Chemical Fate", "Ventilation Transport", "near-field fate and exposure pathways", "product ingredients", "product ingredients emission to environment", "human intake during and after product use", "Freshwater aquatic ecosystem toxicity characterization factors", "Chemical Degradation Products", "Persistent chemicals", "Chemical degradation", "indoor fate and exposure", "cosmetic products", "chemical emission flows", "Ecotoxicological impacts", "AMPA", "glyphosate degradation", "persistent degradation products", "glyphosate", "abiotic degradation", "organic chemical transformation", "biotic degradation", "aminomethylphosphonic acid", "greater persistence than parent compound", "greater toxicity than parent compound", "Freshwater Aquatic Ecosystem Toxicity", "Additive Effects Assumption", "Chemical Mixtures", "Synergistic Effects", "Antagonistic Effects", "overall product system-related impact score", "synergistic or antagonistic effect potentials", "allergy", "endocrine disruption", "assessment factors", "biotransformation", "indoor air", "characterisation results", "temporal aspects", "emission patterns", "temporal information", "impacts on humans and environment", "emission location", "region-specific", "continuous emissions", "agricultural pesticides", "pulse emissions", "chemical dynamics", "based on regional or global averages", "residence time", "chemicals emitted to freshwater", "continental average", "spatially differentiated models", "societal benefits", "assessment methods", "positive human health outcomes", "Environmental Impact Avoidance", "LCA reliability", "human nutrition", "dietary patterns", "problem identification", "individual processes", "temporal and spatial chemical fate", "organism disease responses", "Chemical name ambiguity", "Chemical inventory reporting by name", "Mass balance verification", "Lack of Data", "Data Heterogeneity", "EC50 values", "chemical-specific uncertainty", "exposure to pesticide residues in food crops", "ecotoxicity effective concentrations", "50% of exposed species affected", "Inventory Processes", "Glass Food Packaging", "Glass Weight", "food packaging", "Worker Exposure Pathways", "Consumer Exposure Pathways", "LCIA Toxicity Models", "Toxicity Assessment", "Chemical Characterisation", "Ecosystem Toxicity", "Chemical Toxicity", "chemical ranking", "persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity", "methodological inconsistencies", "risk-based approaches", "Bio-based PET", "Purified Terephthalic Acid", "water treatment", "environmental impact minimization", "inventory and impact characterisation approaches", "optimisation potential", "Acrolein production", "Pharmaceutical environmental sustainability assessments", "Life Cycle Human Health Impacts of Pesticides", "Exposure to Chemicals in Food Packaging", "Sustainability Trade-off in LCA", "Parameterization Models for Pesticide Exposure", "Crop Consumption", "Glass jars", "Plastic pots", "Environmental impacts of food consumption and nutrition", "Environmental impact assessment of coloured textiles production", "nanoparticle synthesis", "petrochemical production", "pesticide-related toxicity", "bio-based chemicals assessment", "agricultural crop feedstock", "Pesticide Emission Inventory", "Cotton T-shirt", "Bleached cotton", "Unbleached cotton", "Nanomaterial", "at least one dimension within 1–100 nm", "Nanoparticle", "all three dimensions within 1–100 nm range", "Nano-scale", "range from 0.1 to 1000 nm", "freshwater compartment", "chemical transport", "human exposure to chemicals in products", "entire life cycle of ENMs", "ENMs", "Hydrophobicity", "strength", "electrical conductivity", "combustion particles", "harmful human impacts", "Manufacturing of engineered nanomaterials", "nanomaterial production", "Downscaling", "Nanoparticles", "Gold nanoparticles", "Nano-size alteration", "Increased surface area", "Engineered Nanomaterials", "Improved material properties", "Sealants and coatings", "Home and garden products", "Health and fitness products", "Nanoproducts", "TiO2", "nanoproducts life cycle", "energy demanding", "inferior environmental profile", "use stage benefits", "Particle Number", "ENM mass", "surface area", "Life Cycle Concepts", "Impact Hotspots", "ISO 2006", "ENM Manufacturing", "Substance Orientation", "Dose-response", "ENM products", "Electronics and computers", "Health and fitness", "Home and garden", "Silicon dioxide", "Zinc oxide", "Gold", "Production of material and/or product", "Clay-Polypropylene ENMs", "Car Body Panels", "End-of-Life Treatment of ENMs", "Clay-Propylene Nanocomposites", "Use and disposal stages", "functional benefits of ENMs", "upscaling of laboratory data", "ENM release", "ENM/ENP", "mass-based functional unit", "ENM Production", "resource and energy", "Young modulus", "tensile strength", "Polypropylene nanocomposite", "direct emissions of nanoparticles", "Geranio et al. (2009)", "release of Ag ENPs during textile washing", "Künniger et al. (2010)", "release of nano-Ag from facades due to weathering", "Köhler et al. (2008)", "LCI data on specific processes", "Som et al. (2011)", "estimates of direct release of nanoparticles", "Suppen et al. (2005)", "Durucan et al. (2006)", "Gutowski et al. (2010)", "Life cycle of ENM products", "Silver ENMs", "Titanium dioxide ENMs", "LCA of ENMs", "ENM fate", "ENM potential effects", "LCIA of nano-technology", "ENM fate prediction", "Cradle-to-Gate Environmental Impact", "Airborne Inorganics Impacts", "Improved Product Functionality", "Ionic strength", "pH", "Divalent cations", "Chemical bonding", "Ionic composition", "Aggregation/agglomeration", "ENM Transport", "Sedimentation", "Freshwater Fate", "Resuspension", "Particle Appearance", "agglomeration", "Biotic Transformation", "Abiotic Transformation", "Shape", "size", "Surface Chemistry", "ENM C60 fullerene", "aggregates/agglomerates", "crystal structure", "anatase crystal structure", "rutile crystal structure", "Oxidative Dissolution", "ions", "Chemical composition", "Particle number and concentration", "Surface area concentration", "Size distribution", "Specific surface area", "Surface charge/zeta potential", "Solubility", "ENMs/NMs", "Wastewater Effluent", "Tyre wear", "Sunscreen", "Brake pad wear", "Biota", "Plant uptake", "Bioaccumulation", "ENPs", "Surface Structure", "Life Cycle Inventory data collection", "ENM fate and toxicity", "adsorbing molecules and ions", "single-chemical impact models", "ENM behaviour and impacts", "Human toxicity characterisation factors", "fate and exposure", "Intrinsic Toxicity Potential", "Ag Ions", "Complexing Ligands", "Ag Ion Concentration", "toxicological impacts", "Hydrophobic Surfaces", "Hydrophilic Surfaces", "accounts for differences in functionality with engineered nanomaterials", "data acquisition is difficult", "ENM/ENP release quantification", "end-of-life treatment of ENM products", "Mining life cycle modelling", "production-related emissions", "impact burden shifting", "holistic environmental impact assessment", "nanotechnology assessment", "Manufactured Nanomaterials", "Australian Environment", "fullerene nanoparticles", "Aggregation and deposition characteristics", "Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles", "Life cycle assessment of engineered nanomaterials", "safe use of nanomaterials", "Direct growth of carbon nanotubes", "Humic acid adsorption", "magnetite nanoparticles", "Carbon Nanotubes Manufacturing", "Single-walled carbon nanotube production", "Regulation and risk assessment", "CuO", "ISO/TS 27687:2008", "Nanotechnologies", "Environmental assessment of SWNT production", "Life cycle energy analysis", "carbon nanofibers production", "NMVOC", "Engineered Nanoparticle Release", "Polymer Nanocomposites", "Application Life Cycle", "Environmental Behavior, Fate, Bioavailability, and Effects", "nano-sized biocides", "release during weathering", "coated wooden façades", "carbon nanoparticle production", "nanocomposites", "automobiles", "platinum-group metal particles", "automotive catalysts", "nanomaterial transport", "nanomaterial transformation", "nanomaterial fate in the environment", "printing and writing paper", "high yield pulp", "Safe Nanoproducts Development", "Aquatic Environment Toxicity", "Carbon Fibers", "Sulfur Production Process", "TiO2 nanoparticle aggregates", "Environmental and Health Effects", "CNT Composite Materials", "Environmental Relief Effects", "Life Cycle Risk Management", "Water Consumption and Water Treatment Technologies", "Water Supply Systems", "Groundwater Abstraction", "spring water", "artificially recharged groundwater", "Water reuse", "Desalination", "Desalination of Brackish Water", "seawater desalination", "Wastewater Reuse", "reduced environmental burden", "urban water systems", "low-intensive treatment", "Sewage collection", "central treatment plants", "discharge to recipients", "Water Production", "Water Abstraction", "Water Transmission", "Water Distribution", "water supply mix", "water losses", "5 to 55% of supply", "environmental impact variation", "water treatment technologies", "water production pathways", "different environmental profiles", "multiple water resources", "system complexity", "Reclaimed wastewater", "diversified water system", "decentralized wastewater handling", "distribution of multiple water qualities", "membrane filtration", "Water Supply Technologies", "Central and decentralized systems", "Aarhus Vand", "HOFOR", "Reverse Osmosis", "Advanced Membranes", "High Pressure Pumps", "Energy Intensity 2.5-7 kWh/m3", "Groundwater Treatment", "Energy Intensity 0.3 kWh/m3", "Aeration", "Simple Filtration", "flocculation", "activated carbon filtration", "sand filtration", "chlorine disinfection", "advanced water treatment", "Advanced Oxidation Processes", "hydrogen sulphide", "organic pollutants", "Production of Potable Water", "Transmission", "Treated wastewater", "Nature", "Water Leakage", "Wastewater Leakage", "sewage sludge", "Grey Water Recycling", "Production of Non-Potable Water", "Storm water", "Water supply chain", "Membrane-based treatment technologies", "Material and energy use impacts", "kg CO2-eq per m3", "water transport and distribution", "water distribution subsystem", "water supply system impact", "water abstraction and transport subsystem", "pumping electricity consumption", "water distribution subsystem impact", "water boiling", "High Energy Requirements", "Water Transfer", "Freshwater Treatment", "Distribution Infrastructure", "Overall Impact of Distribution", "Water Pumping", "Activated Carbon-Based Filter", "Domestic Water Supply", "Water Softening Treatment", "Thermal Desalination", "Reverse Osmosis Desalination", "Freshwater Technologies", "Environmental Impacts of Water", "Treatment Chemicals Production", "Materials for Decentralized Water Supply Systems", "Pumping", "Landfilling Sludge", "sea water desalination impacts", "groundwater treatment impacts", "water distribution impacts", "Installation stage", "HDPE pipes", "Pipe production", "Pipe materials", "Tertiary Treatment", "Freshwater resources", "HDPE pipe production", "pipe diameter", "trench optimization", "installation process optimization", "pipe material selection", "urban rainwater capture", "rain- and stormwater harvesting", "Centralized drinking water supply", "rain tank", "rain tank impacts", "brackish groundwater desalination", "water supply management", "water scarcity solutions", "water supply alternatives", "highest environmental impacts", "Freshwater withdrawal impact", "Secondary Treatment", "personal care products", "wastewater pollutants", "wastewater systems", "water supply and wastewater systems", "Bottled water production", "Water intake", "Production of bottle", "Bottled water in non-returnable bottle", "Centralized groundwater based drinking water supply", "Centralized drinking water supply, desalination of seawater", "Drinking water production and distribution", "European Water Framework Directive", "water flow requirements", "freshwater abstraction limits", "River Basin Management Plans", "EDIP 1997", "GaBi v. 4.3", "Bottled water", "Tap water", "water supply system environmental evaluation", "water hardness", "household water supply", "Wastewater Transportation", "combined sewer system", "freshwater resources impacts", "Compensating Actions", "new well fields", "Replacing 1 m3 of potable drinking water", "H2S", "Wastewater management", "Hardness", "dual filtration", "PAHs", "CaCO3 particles", "UV treatment", "groundwater transfer", "wetland reestablishment", "Discharge to Sea", "Well Fields", "Rainwater Collection", "Stormwater Collection", "Clarifier", "Dual Porosity Filter", "Oils", "Harvested Water", "Non-potable Quality", "Water Filtration", "Coagulation", "pH Adjustment", "Ultra-filtration", "10% water loss", "A3 New Well Fields", "base case A0", "pipeline transport", "pumping of abstracted groundwater", "A4 Desalination", "Water hardness reduction", "μPET", "Ecotoxicity water chronic", "Human toxicity soil", "Human toxicity water", "Chromium", "μPR", "Decoupling Rain and Stormwater from Sewers", "Rainwater Harvesting in Combined Sewers", "Environmentally Beneficial", "Central water softening", "Prolonged service life of household equipment", "Reduced consumption of cleaning agents", "Reduced consumption of laundry detergent", "Effect on household equipment service life", "Water hardness effects", "LCA scoping", "Waterworks processes", "Household processes", "Reverse osmosis membrane", "Central softening", "Chemical precipitation of CaCO3", "LCA preparation", "Environmental impact increase", "Combined sewer discharge prevention", "Water Supply System Descriptors", "one m3 of potable water at the consumer tap", "one membrane module", "pipes", "metre of pipe network", "one m3", "annual consumption of water at the end user", "Wastewater Collection and Treatment", "Secondary Effluent", "water quantity and quality indicators", "environmental management and reporting systems", "source water quality", "product water quality", "service life of components", "rainwater harvesting tanks", "measured data", "literature values", "Background Data", "Material Transportation", "Equipment Use", "Raw Wastewater Treatment", "freshwater environment", "Water Use in LCA", "Global Warming Potential 100", "freshwater withdrawal", "Water Foot-printing", "CML 2000", "Eco-indicator 95", "IPCC GWP 2007a", "EPD 2013", "ReCiPe (H) V1.12/World", "Regional variability in impacts", "Site-specific LCAs", "Products consuming large amounts of water", "hot spot analysis", "water supply system processes", "water transport", "wastewater handling", "three-dimensional sustainability approach", "water consumption LCIA", "Environmental assessment of urban water cycle", "Environmental analysis of rainwater harvesting infrastructures", "Water services system", "Rainwater harvesting infrastructures", "Mediterranean climate", "Large Water Use", "Electricity Mix Predictions", "Water Scarcity Predictions", "Water Systems Decision-Making", "Non-Potable Water Supply", "Water Supply Strategy", "Well Field and Waterworks Location", "stress-based indicator", "water sector", "financial impact", "Urban Water System of Alexandria City", "Integrated River Basin Management", "water collection", "wastewater resource recovery technology", "water supply and sanitation", "Water mains and sewers", "Water Footprint Assessment Manual", "Freshwater consumption impacts", "multi-criteria decision aid", "integrated sustainability assessment", "bottled mineral water", "Double Porous Filter", "irrigation mix", "infrastructure and operation", "water reclamation", "water importation", "freshwater use on ecosystems", "Water resources", "Urban wastewater reclamation and reuse", "Centralized rainwater harvesting for non-potable purposes", "brackish groundwater resources", "ozonation", "Water Disposal", "Multi-Stage Flash Desalination", "Multi-Effect Distillation", "drinking water transport and distribution network", "urban water services", "pipelines", "water recycling technology", "groundwater treatment with nanofiltration", "WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints", "mathematical modelling", "proxy methodology", "WULCA consensus characterization model", "Disposal of Infrastructure", "Protection against waterborne diseases", "Safeguarding aquatic bio-resources", "Emission of Organic Matter", "Pathogen spreading", "Primary Treatment", "Activated Sludge Treatment", "Organic Matter Removal", "nutrient removal", "Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling", "Treatment systems for removal of organic matter", "Activated sludge", "Phosphorus Removal", "Micro-pollutant Removal", "Activated Carbon Treatment", "LCA Characterisation", "Micro-pollutants", "nitrification/denitrification", "P-precipitation", "Activated carbon", "Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plant", "Biogas Production", "Phosphorus Recovery", "Larsen et al. (2007)", "eco-toxicity-related impacts", "Conventional impact categories", "Corominas et al. (2013)", "Sludge Treatment", "Zang et al. (2015)", "activated sludge plants", "LCA impact categories", "Microbial Fuel Cells", "Manganese Oxidation", "Source Separation", "Dewatering", "sludge inertisation", "wet oxidation", "Pyrolysis", "organic micro-pollutants", "Material and Construction Stage", "Operation Stage", "Construction Stage", "Sand Filters", "newer and upcoming technologies", "constructed wet lands", "wastewater treatment life cycle", "Aerobic Digested Sludge", "Threshold Transport Distance 172 km", "Anaerobic Digested Sludge", "Threshold Transport Distance 143 km", "Reed Bed Transport", "Sludge Agricultural Application", "pollutants", "Biosolids", "Sludge", "sludge disposal for agricultural application", "fertiliser production substitution", "metal content of sludge", "methane production from anaerobic digestion", "methane utilisation", "fossil energy substitution", "effluent water quality", "energy-related impacts", "fossil fuel combustion", "Metal Exposure via Food Chains", "Air Emissions from Energy Production", "Agricultural Application", "Municipal wastewater treatment", "Endocrine Disruptors", "MBR", "microfiltration flux dependent", "Wastewater Treatment Impact Assessment", "Effluent and Sludge", "waste disposal", "solar field construction", "land area requirement 17-40 times larger than conventional plants", "High Land Area Requirement", "Reduction in emission of organic matter", "municipal WWTPs", "Sewage sludge management", "Comparison between WWT alternatives", "Aggregation of impact potentials", "Restoration of impacts on areas of protection", "based on value-choices", "benzo[a]pyrene", "effluent emissions", "benzo(b)fluoranthene", "benzo[ghi]perylene", "indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene", "pharmaceuticals/metabolites", "LAS", "sludge applied on agricultural land", "nonylphenol", "DEHP", "Human health risk", "pathogen reduction", "linear alkyl benzene sulphonate", "diethylhexyl phthalate", "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", "wastewater composition", "population equivalents", "BOD5", "nutrient content", "kg phosphorus content", "technology lifetime", "Goal", "sanitary system", "technical process optimisations", "Foreground Data", "avoided against induced impacts approach", "higher energy consumption", "precipitation chemicals consumption", "Water Emission of Ammonia", "Spatial and Temporal Differentiation", "ANAMMOX", "Sludge Treatment and Disposal", "micro-pollutant polishing", "municipal wastewater treatment plant", "normalised results", "weighting results", "midpoint results", "endpoint results", "ReCiPe method", "PLANT OPERATION", "PLANT DISPOSAL", "PLANT CONSTRUCTION", "whole effluent toxicity", "treatment of one cubic metre of wastewater", "Membranbioreactor", "MBNC", "Heterogeneous photocatalysis", "FeCl3", "Potential impact of effluent", "Photo-Fenton process", "Industrial wastewater", "Effluent as irrigation water", "Ozonation + continuous microfiltration", "Membrane bioreactor + reverse osmosis", "1000 m3 functional unit", "Sludge as biosolids", "Eutrophication Terrestrial", "Ecotoxicity Terrestrial Soil", "Ecotoxicity Terrestrial Freshwater", "Ecotoxicity Terrestrial Saltwater", "UV", "Sequencing batch reactor", "N-tot", "P-tot", "solid emission", "UV Chlorination/dechlorination", "Dissolved air flotation", "Case study I", "Case study II", "freshwater sediment ecotoxicity", "Supercritical Water Gasification", "Industrial wastewater membrane filtration", "No adverse impacts", "Wet solid effluent", "Sludge from municipal wastewater plant", "Agricultural land application", "Municipal wastewater treatment plant in Denmark", "Activated sludge: nitrification/denitrification, phosphor removal, sludge incineration", "Persistent toxicity", "AETF", "Sludge incineration", "Incineration in cement kilns", "Supercritical water oxidation", "Biological diversity", "Ecosystem production", "settled effluent water", "40 mg/L TSS", "membrane", "Pre-precipitation", "Flotation", "Construction + Use stage", "compliance with regulatory framework", "Dissolved organic carbon", "Colony forming units", "Nephelometric turbidity units", "cooling system feed", "boiler feed", "decommissioning waste treatment", "small-scale WWTPs", "Integrated Environmental Assessment", "Residuals Treatment", "Environmental Accounting", "WWTP Operation and Management", "GW", "POF", "AC", "NE/ET", "DAR", "OLD", "LU", "EC", "HT", "CHTS", "Chronic Human Toxicity Water", "CHTW", "Acute Human Toxicity Air", "AHTA", "Chronic Ecotoxicity Soil", "CETS", "Chronic Ecotoxicity Fresh Water", "CETF", "acute aquatic ecotoxicity", "Chronic Ecotoxicity Salt Water", "CETSW", "MWWTP", "WWT", "ST", "WFD", "DOC", "Sludge dewatering", "Sludge thickening", "Landfill deposition", "leachate", "ORWARE", "Gas emission estimation", "Leachate estimation", "Gas capture and combustion", "Leachate treatment in WWTP", "Transport of used catalyst", "Catalyst disposal", "Land filling of used catalyst", "sewage-treatment processes", "Waste water collection and treatment services", "reedbed", "small-scale wastewater treatment", "aerated biological filter", "Life cycle inventory of wastewater treatment", "midpoint level category indicators", "endpoint level category indicators", "pathogen risk", "Biological Wastewater Treatment", "municipal waste water systems", "petroleum process waters", "microfiltration process", "Thermal processes", "Treatment of sludge from urban wastewater treatments", "Wastewater urban sludge treatment processes", "NEPTUNE LCA methodology", "Biological effects", "Pathogen aspects", "Municipal Solid Waste", "waste systems", "allocation of impacts", "Waste LCA", "composed of different materials", "Integrated Waste Management Systems", "zero-burden assumption", "local proximity to waste source", "flue gases", "Processed Scrap Metals", "Metal Manufacturing Sector", "Waste Sector", "Other Economic Sectors", "material resources", "integrated management systems", "landfilling reduction", "Collection and Transport", "Processing and Treatment", "Generation", "Treatment", "Utilisation", "treatment stage", "Recycling-Utilisation-Landfilling stage", "physical treatment", "mechanical and biological treatment", "recycling suitability", "Environmental offsets from LCA of Solid Waste Management Systems", "Feedstock for manufacturing products", "Extended System Boundaries", "Waste recycling", "avoided future emissions", "Recycling – Utilisation - Landfilling", "Mechanical", "Biological", "suitable for recycling", "suitable for utilisation", "natural resource depletion reduction", "Waste treatment options", "Landfill gas", "airborne emissions", "toxic heavy metals", "Landfill Gas Collection", "Leachate Collection", "Waste Treatment Technology Selection", "Environmental Ranking of Waste Treatment Options", "Laurent et al. (2014)", "Local energy mix", "Standard compliance", "Main findings", "Identified method shortcomings", "Identified modelling shortcomings", "Identified data uncertainties", "Methodological considerations", "intended uses", "potential users", "Thermal treatment", "accounting with no decision support", "unitary", "generation-based", "input-based", "output-based", "Quantified Description of Primary Function", "Physical Flow Required for System Function", "Secondary products", "Secondary waste", "Digestate", "Air pollution control ashes", "Resource impact categories", "Europe", "United States", "Unitary Generation-based", "specific geographical region", "generic database information", "inventory data compilation", "Non-toxic impacts", "results credibility", "system representation", "literature data", "Waste deposition", "field investigations", "Databases", "EASEWASTE", "waste landfilling", "metal emissions leaching from landfills", "Energy crediting", "Material crediting", "Study Goal", "average data", "Heat Value", "co-production", "end-of-life material recovery", "substitution ratio", "waste-customised LCA tools", "Ecoindicator 99", "EI99/EI95", "specific models", "Time differentiation", "time differentiation on long-term emissions", "time-differentiated impacts", "waste material", "carbon accounting methods", "inclusion of secondary materials", "accounting of waste containers", "time horizon in impact assessment", "choice of databases", "waste management system", "zero-burden convention", "input data dependence", "organic waste", "Mixed municipal waste", "System boundary differentiation", "Capital goods treatment", "Biogenic carbon inclusion", "Waste transportation", "ISO recommendations", "Exclusion Justification Required", "Modelling Choice Justification Required", "Assumption Documentation Required", "Key Choices and Assumptions", "Transparent Documentation Required", "Scope Elements", "Defined Goal", "Composite plastics", "sub-definitions of LCA elements", "Emerging Waste Streams", "temporal data representativeness", "Emerging Treatment Technologies", "New Waste Streams", "Goal and System Boundaries Selection", "US EPA waste software", "Modelling SWMS", "LCA elements", "Gentil et al. (2010)", "LCA on SMWS", "ecoinvent inventories", "SWMS", "EC-JRC (2011)", "Cleary (2009)", "Christensen (2011)", "WRATE", "US EPA WARM", "Bientinesi and Petarca (2009)", "Bigum et al. (2012)", "Birgisdottir et al. (2007)", "Bjorklund and Finnveden (2007)", "Blenghini et al. (2012)", "USES 2.0", "Ecoindicator 95", "PE/PET containers", "Residual waste", "Biodegradable waste", "Industrial waste", "Market waste", "MSW", "Municipal, commercial and special waste", "OFMSW", "CML 2", "Non-hazardous MSW", "Photochemical Ozone", "Ecoindicator", "Organic food and market waste", "Organic kitchen waste", "Boldrin et al. (2011)", "Garden waste", "Boughton et al. (2006)", "Shredder residue", "Bovea et al. (2010)", "Bovea and Powell (2006)", "Brambilla-Pisoni et al. (2009)", "Briffaerts et al. (2009)", "Waste batteries", "Buttol et al. (2007)", "Cabaraban et al. (2008)", "Chen and Christensen (2010)", "Cherubini et al. (2008)", "Chevalier et al. (2003)", "IPCC 1995", "Ciacci et al. (2010)", "Ciroth et al. (2002a, b)", "Craighill and Powell (1996)", "Dahlbo et al. (2007)", "DAIA", "Damgaard et al. (2011)", "DEFRA (2006)", "Del Borghi et al. (2007)", "Fallaha et al. (2009)", "IMPACT2002+", "Finnvelden et al. (2000)", "Fruergaard and Astrup (2011)", "Fruergaard et al. (2010)", "Gamberini et al. (2010)", "Tyres", "C&DW", "Residual MSW", "Unused pharmaceuticals", "CML2001", "Urban waste", "Plastic wastes from discarded TV", "Int plastic packaging", "WMO", "Di Maria and Fantozzi (2004)", "Jenseit et al. (2003)", "Johansson and Björklund (2009)", "Khoo et al. (2009)", "Khoo (2009)", "Khoo and Tan (2010)", "Kiatkittipong et al. (2009)", "Kim et al. (2009)", "Bagasse waste", "Waste home appliances", "Household waste", "PET bottles", "Plastic wastes", "Computer monitors", "Construction waste", "Lundie and Peters (2005)", "Manfredi and Christensen (2009a)", "Manfredi et al. (2010)", "Marinkovic et al. (2010)", "Concrete wastes", "Household glass", "Household plastics", "Household paper", "Plastic fraction in MSW", "Morris (2005)", "Morselli et al. (2005)", "Muller (2011)", "Munoz and Navia (2011)", "Møller et al. (2011)", "Municipal biowaste", "wood waste", "Passarini et al. (2012)", "Automotive shredder residue", "Perugini et al. (2005)", "Plastic packaging", "Pires et al. (2011)", "Pires and Martinho (2012)", "waste lubricants", "Pisoni (2009)", "Riber et al. (2008)", "Rieradevall et al. (1997)", "Rigamonti et al. (2009a)", "Empty fruit bunches", "Palm oil mill effluent", "Wood ash", "MSWI bottom ash", "Cable waste (PVC)", "Residual household waste", "Bumper skin (car equipment)", "Saft (2007)", "Paint waste", "Salhofer et al. (2007)", "Refrigerators", "Santos Vieira and Horvath (2008)", "Scharnhorst et al. (2006)", "Antenna rack", "Scipioni et al. (2009)", "Shen et al. (2010)", "Sonesson et al. (1997)", "Turconi et al. (2011)", "Van-Haaren et al. (2010)", "Welsh Assembly Gvt (2003)", "Wenisch et al. (2004)", "Werner et al. (2007)", "Winkler et al. (2007)", "WRAP (2008)", "Long-Term Metal Emissions", "Life Cycle Inventories of Waste Management Treatment Services", "damage oriented", "Waste life cycle assessment", "Technical assumptions", "CML 1999", "Laurent, A., Clavreul, J., Bernstad, A., Bakas, I., Niero, M., Gentil, E., Christensen, T.H., Hauschild, M.Z.", "methodological guidance", "Niero, M., Negrelli, A.J., Boas, S.H., Olsen, S.I., Birkved, M.", "Schrijvers, D.L., Loubet, P., Sonnemann, G.", "integrated waste systems' evaluation", "Biorefinery processes", "primary impacts", "Contaminated sites", "secondary impacts", "Site remediation", "tertiary impacts", "Future Site Use", "contaminated site management", "remediation technologies", "Remediation", "Remediation technology selection", "Primary Impacts Assessment", "Impact Weighting", "No Action Scenario Comparison", "In situ remediation", "Bioremediation", "Phytoremediation", "Thermal remediation", "Permeable reactive barriers", "Soil vapour extraction", "biological remediation", "chemical remediation", "Sediment remediation", "Sludge remediation", "Containment methods", "Surface capping", "Barrier installations", "Secured landfill placement", "Pump-and-treat", "In Situ Groundwater Treatment", "solidification/stabilisation", "ex situ source control", "In situ thermal desorption", "Mixed waste plastic", "WEEE", "remediation activities", "fate of a brownfield site after treatment", "local in nature", "site-specific", "Excavation", "Drilling", "Water or air treatment", "Transportation of soil, equipment and personnel", "Horizontal Directional Drilling", "vertical wells", "greenfield development", "Air Sparging", "Chemical Treatment", "On-site Contamination", "soil contaminants", "Chlorinated ethenes", "chlorinated hydrocarbons", "Excavation combined with treatment and/or disposal", "Contaminated sludge", "remediation processes", "contaminants", "Soil Contamination", "Petroleum Hydrocarbons", "Groundwater Contamination", "Chlorinated Solvents", "human health impact categories", "net energy balance ratio", "compost production", "benefit-cost ratio", "in situ thermal treatment", "Excavation and ex situ treatment of soil", "UK 123 sector national input-output table", "environmental and socio-economic data", "remediation methods", "SiteWise method", "PM10 emissions", "chemical oxidation", "chemical agents", "production impacts", "transportation impacts", "bioremediation technologies", "remediation alternatives", "enhanced bioremediation", "chlorinated intermediates", "primary toxic impact", "site-specific fate and exposure models", "ISO 2006a", "ISO 2006b", "ILCD 2010", "on-site electricity/energy use", "steel use", "on-site installations", "excavation and transport", "in situ versus ex situ methods", "BATNEEC analysis", "Efficiency", "Performance Parameters", "Remediation Efficiency", "Remediation Time Frame", "Monitored Natural Attenuation", "energy recovery combustion of biomass", "biomass-derived activated carbon", "sediment capping", "anaerobic dechlorination", "electron donors", "reduced electron donor concentration", "Enhanced reductive dechlorination", "substrate demand", "Contaminated site clean-up", "remediation performance models", "remediation life cycle", "material outputs", "production of activated carbon", "chemical analyses", "production of specific remedial soil amendments", "technology-specific processes", "ILCD requirements", "person car transport", "Time Frame", "specific product", "Accounting purposes", "Average technological conditions", "Strategic level decision support", "raw materials strategies", "technology scenarios", "Policy options", "Remediation projects", "Micro scale", "Meso scale", "toxicity models", "generic LCIA", "generalised box models", "groundwater compartment", "generic models", "Evans and Wilkie (2010)", "Sanscartier et al. (2010)", "LCA-based REC", "environmental merit", "metabolites", "Simplified methodologies", "REC tool", "SiteWise tool", "Simplified screening tools", "remediation option", "no action scenario", "land use scenarios", "net-benefit", "secondary environmental impacts of remediation", "net-benefit of remediation", "assessment of remedial measures", "Excavation and disposal", "soil washing", "Ex situ Bioremediation", "Encapsulation", "Containment", "Contaminated site remediation LCA", "Resource depletion impacts", "Ex situ", "External biological treatment", "Biosparging", "In situ", "Bioventilation", "Biological barrier", "Excavation and incineration", "Excavation with on-site biopiles", "Diesel oil", "total system impact", "emissions harmful to human health", "Funnel-and-gate", "Permeable barrier", "Tar", "Containment Covering with 30 cm of clean soil", "Contaminated Land Cleanup and Brownfield rehabilitation", "risk minimization", "residential use", "Pump-and-treat (on-site vacuum steam stripping)", "Pump-and-treat (on-site activated carbon treatment)", "Excavation and thermal treatment", "Aerobic bioremediation", "Anaerobic bioremediation", "Cap and contain", "Bioslurry", "In situ Natural attenuation", "Bioventing", "Bioslurping", "Excavation and off-site cleaning", "Brownfield rehabilitation", "Pump-and-treat (PTS)", "Permeable reactive barrier with zero-valent iron (PRB)", "Zero-valent iron reactive medium", "Excavation, off-site aeration and disposal", "30 year time boundary", "Excavation and off-site landfilling", "Excavation and on-site containment", "Excavation and liming stabilization", "Excavation and bio-leaching", "No action", "Spent potlining landfill", "Spent potlining", "Ex situ Excavation and disposal", "Excavation and decontamination", "Surface sealing with asphalt", "Hydrilla verticillata", "chlorinated degradation products", "Ex situ Excavation, bioremediation on-site (biopiles) and disposal in an unlined landfill", "Excavation, mechanical mixing off-site, and disposal in an unlined landfill", "On-site ex situ bioremediation in a temporary facility, followed by disposal in an unlined landfill", "In situ treatment", "Off-site treatment", "Paving with asphalt and bioventing", "Exxsol, an aliphatic hydrocarbon", "Ex situ High Temperature Incineration", "Base catalysed decomposition", "Capping using biomass-based active carbon", "Capping using clay", "Capping using crushed limestone", "Capping using fossil anthracite coal-based active carbon", "In situ natural recovery", "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans", "Landfarming", "Respiratory Organics", "Terrestrial Acidification/Eutrophication", "Dieldrin", "Phytoremediation using willow", "ReCiPe impact assessment method", "wood harvest", "Risk–Cost", "RNSOIL", "Risk–Energy Consumption", "Risk–CO2 Emission", "chromium (VI)", "Arsenic V", "Trench-based Construction Method", "Bioremediation with mechanical aeration", "Bioremediation with electric aeration", "Incineration with natural gas", "Polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soil", "lowest environmental footprint", "Electric aeration", "Lower environmental impact than incineration", "Biodechlorination", "Pentachloroaniline dechlorination", "Methanogenic conditions", "Amended electron donors", "PCA bioremediation environmental burden reduction", "Trichloroethene removal", "In situ chemical oxidation", "Permanganate", "Long-term monitoring", "Lowest secondary environmental impacts", "Phytoremediation using silage maize", "digestion and combustion", "Phytoremediation using rapeseed", "digestion of silage maize with combustion", "Auger Drilling", "High-emissions Activity", "Biodechlorination under Acidogenic/Methanogenic Conditions", "Glucose", "CO2 abatement", "Encapsulation In-situ Barrier", "site-specific parameters", "secondary life cycle impact", "plume dimension parameters", "remediation alternatives impact", "hydrogeological parameters", "In situ Multiphase Extraction", "ReCiPe impact categories", "land availability", "In situ Phytoremediation", "fossil fuel depletion avoidance", "biomass valorization", "phytoremediation sustainability", "biomass landfill", "phytoremediation sustainability compromise", "metal-rich biomass management", "more complete system boundary", "contaminated sediment", "dredging", "sediment", "Enhanced in situ bioremediation", "In situ chemical reduction", "Source zone treatment technologies", "Containment technologies", "Active groundwater remediation", "Passive groundwater remediation", "Brownfield remediation", "nutrient remediation", "Ecoinvent Report No. 1", "soil remediation processes", "thermal soil remediation", "light non-aqueous phase liquid contaminated sites", "diesel-contaminated site remediation", "pump-and-treat remediation", "Life-cycle framework for assessment of site remediation options", "soil and groundwater remediation technologies", "Lemming et al. 2010c", "Remediation of trichloroethene-contaminated site", "remediation secondary life cycle impact", "site characteristics", "Reactive materials", "Groundwater constituents", "soil remediation options", "diesel-contaminated soil", "Remediation of contaminated sites", "Sustainability assessment of technologies", "LCA cookbook", "LCA work structure", "LCA methodology documentation", "transparency and reproducibility of LCA studies", "methodology deviations documentation", "Shall requirement", "Should requirement", "May requirement", "Methodological Elements", "ILCD LCA report template", "LCI data quality", "Study Applicability", "Limitations of Study", "Impact Coverage Limitations", "Methodological Limitations", "Assumption Limitations", "Goal Situation", "specific decisions to be supported", "market mechanisms", "structural changes of installed capacity", "Identification of Key Environmental Performance Indicators", "Accounting", "decision orientation", "kind of consequences in background system", "Archetype Goal Situations", "Product-level decisions", "Single process step decisions", "Site or company-level decisions", "Small-scale background system consequences", "Insufficient to trigger structural capacity changes", "life cycle model", "processes with smaller contribution to overall results", "KEPI-type LCA/Ecodesign study", "Comparison of specific goods or services", "Benchmarking of specific products", "product group's average", "Green Public or Private Procurement", "Clean Development Mechanism", "Joint Implementation", "unit process or LCI results data sets", "Policy information", "Development of unit process data sets", "Forecasting & analysis of environmental impact", "Product groups with environmental improvement potential", "retrospective documentation", "accounts for interactions with other systems", "analyzes existing system in isolation", "avoided burdens", "Monitoring environmental impacts of a nation", "Monitoring environmental impacts of an industry sector", "Monitoring environmental impacts of a product group", "LCI results data sets", "Accounting with interactions", "Accounting without interactions", "unit process data sets", "large-scale consequences", "additional demand or supply", "comparative decision support", "Object of the Assessment", "Impact Assessment Preparation", "Comparisons between systems", "Product improvement", "ISO/TR 14062", "ISO 14015", "Environmental Technology Verification", "Development of specific, average or generic unit process", "LCA deliverables", "life cycle-based criteria", "Items 2–6", "Aspects 1, 7, 8 and 9", "reporting and communicating an LCA study", "Intended Use of LCA Results", "Types of LCA deliverables", "Provisions 6.3", "KEPIs-based tool", "Life cycle-based Type I Ecolabel", "Life Cycle Impact Assessment results", "Non-comparative Life Cycle Assessment study", "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment study", "Non-assertive comparative LCA study", "Detailed LCI model of the analysed system", "Unit process study", "single operation unit processes", "black box unit process", "Partly terminated system data set", "Basket-of-product studies", "Identifying product groups with the largest environmental impact", "Corporate or site environmental reporting", "Monitoring environmental impacts of a nation, industry sector, product group or product", "non-comparative LCI and LCA studies", "ISO 14015 (2001)", "ISO 14031 (2013)", "Monitoring environmental impacts", "quantity", "ISO+", "quantitative and measurable", "Materials and other application-unspecific products", "Monofunctional Systems", "single relevant function", "multifunctional system", "multiple parallel functions", "clear and detailed system name", "Provisions 6.10 in Sect. 37.3.7", "Alternative Functions", "System Name", "Variable Parameters", "System Performance", "mathematical relations", "Variable Functions", "depicting existing supply-chain processes", "virtual subdivision", "LCI method approaches", "scenario calculation", "uncertainty calculation", "analysed system", "office equipment", "substitution of market mix", "not required co-function", "functionally equivalent alternative processes", "alternative processes", "co-functions", "Functional Performance", "Changes Over Time", "Measurement Methods", "Unit Process LCI Data", "superseded alternative process", "installed capacity", "analysed process", "waste and end-of-life treatment", "Chlorine production", "NaOH", "NaCl electrolysis", "neutralising agent", "KOH", "Ca(OH)2", "Na2CO3", "wheat grain study", "dry biomass", "Miscanthus grass", "Quality Function Deployment", "market price allocation", "two-step allocation procedure", "multifunctional products", "determining co-function(s)", "contributes more than 50% to combined market value", "recyclability substitution approach", "avoided primary production", "reused part", "recycled good", "not feasible", "superseded processes", "Substitution Approach", "average primary route consumption mix", "open loop—different primary route", "market consumption mix of alternative goods", "secondary goods with downcycled properties", "Provisions 7.9.3", "waste/end-of-life", "large-scale consequences on other systems", "substitution modelling", "lack of accuracy", "functional differences", "substituted function", "superseded function", "assumption scenarios", "method provisions", "reasonably best and worst-case scenarios", "large-scale changes", "Process selection", "impacts outside the LCA scope", "Deviations and omissions", "Part-system relationships", "process step to be represented", "process-chain, plant, site", "technical flow charts on main process steps", "exclusions list", "final exclusion", "System-system relationships", "related systems data", "offset emissions", "system-external offsetting", "System-external off-setting", "Off-set emissions", "Carbon off-setting", "System-external carbon credits", "cut-off value", "missing relevant", "missing irrelevant", "negative elementary flows", "negative overall environmental impacts", "LCI/LCA Study Documentation", "Cut-off Deviations", "Normalisation basis", "weighting set", "goal phase", "key contributing processes", "Technology-specific primary data", "Supplier secondary data", "Average technology market consumption mix data", "Suppliers' technology-specific secondary data", "market production mix", "representative mix of producing technologies", "Non-scalable supplies", "non-generic impact assessment", "Country-dependent Characterisation Factors", "Site or producer/provider specific data", "Generic data of geographical mixes", "Short-term or long-term marginal geographical mixes", "geographical mix", "not fully geographically representative data", "market conditions", "Not fully time-representative data", "represented year", "seasonal or diurnal situation", "future processes", "Use and End-of-Life Stage", "long-living products", "Best Available Technology mix data", "Time-representative Scenario Data", "Backward Looking Analysis", "ISO 2", "LCI/LCA studies", "exclusion", "LCI study", "internationally accepted", "scientifically and technically valid", "free of double-counting", "free of value choices", "ILCD reference elementary flows", "location-generic", "time-generic", "impacts on areas of protection", "Technosphere-Ecosphere interventions", "impacts outside LCA frame", "indoor and workplace exposure", "direct application or ingestion of products to humans", "System identification", "Fate/exposure modeling", "LCIA method developer", "missing characterisation factor", "non-generic LCIA methods", "time-generic LCIA methods", "appropriateness of generic LCIA methods", "cut-off rules", "default impact categories", "Desiccation/Salination", "Littering of land and sea", "Impact Communication", "Impact Interpretability", "Value Range 10–0.00001", "annual total environmental inventory", "average citizen", "territory-based annual total environmental inventory", "impact level", "ISO 16", "non-assertive comparative studies", "system internal contribution analysis", "Methodological assumptions", "data assumptions", "Uncertainty and accuracy calculations", "data quality consistency", "uncertainty consideration", "Provision 6.10", "cut-off %", "identical parts", "similar but not identical processes", "partial correlation", "sufficiently similar systems", "functional equivalence", "same functional unit", "Selection of compared alternatives", "environmentally better market relevant alternatives", "reasonably best and worst cases", "Production Scenarios", "Operation Scenarios", "Use Scenarios", "Justification", "System Replacement", "Functional Unit Duration", "Model Obsolescence", "accounting type studies", "product group comparisons", "comparisons in accounting studies", "not suitable for decision support", "not suitable for purchase decisions", "not suitable for policy measures", "elementary flow data collection", "review type", "Review schemes for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)", "Reporting of Results", "Method", "data", "comparative meso/macro-level studies", "modelling guidance of Situation A", "Planning reporting", "detailed report", "non-technical executive summary", "data set", "ILCD formatted data set", "supply chain—use—end-of-life logic", "general background system", "Central Process", "initial list of processes", "Policy scenarios", "Domain experts", "Constraints", "Modelled consequences", "Primary market consequences", "Provisions 7.2.4", "technology development forecasting", "market cost and market forecasting", "technology cost modelling", "general-equilibrium and partial-equilibrium modelling", "Decreased demand for competing products", "Co-product price decrease", "Consumer behaviour changes", "Co-product consequences", "additional consequences", "Marginal Process Mix", "Constraint exclusion", "Solving multifunctionality by substitution", "Secondary market consequences", "Increased demand for co-product", "Efficiency increase incentive", "installed or de-installed capacity", "general market demand", "joint production", "copper ore mining", "egg-laying chicken", "Additional or reduced demand", "Size of effect", "Small effect", "Big effect", "Individual processes within the background system", "Representativeness requirements", "long term", "Short-term", "Single Marginal Process", "least cost-competitive processes", "Market Price Forecast Uncertainty", "Least Cost-competitive", "System boundary scheme", "Schematic decision-consequence and flow diagrams", "combined production", "superseding function", "functionality differences", "joint processes", "fully used, dependent co-products", "co-product supply", "recycled aged plastics", "primary plastics", "secondary goods", "distinctly different properties from primary produced goods", "secondary good", "alternative process/system", "primary produced goods", "percentage of end-of-life product converted to secondary goods", "Recycling processing", "collection loss", "sorting loss", "recovery loss", "rejection loss", "currently achieved recyclability", "Mass in kg", "Lower calorific value in MJ", "Pieces in number", "dependent co-product", "Further use", "primary good", "sorting losses", "rejection", "alternative ways of supplying", "metal availability", "Closed-loop recycling", "primary metal production substitution", "open loop - same primary route", "secondary metal", "primary metal", "determining co-product", "partial subdivision", "Subdivision of multifunctional processes", "allocation avoidance", "substitution/system expansion", "physically distinguishable sub-process steps", "auxiliary materials", "manufacturing plant", "reduced technical properties", "market price ratio", "value correction", "application-specific uses", "credited inventory", "superseded good", "process-related inventory flows", "function-related inventory flows", "physical causality allocation", "Functional output attribution", "Main contributors to inventory", "Separate inventory data", "Quantitative flow relationships", "data accuracy", "environmental burden sharing", "allocation criteria", "Goods transport", "time or distance", "mass or volume", "Personal transport", "weight of passengers", "determining physical causal relationships", "Extraction processes", "specific physical properties of co-products", "Chemical conversion", "quantitative change of flows", "Teaching/training services", "person time", "number of individuals trained", "R&D services", "cost charged for R&D services", "non-functional flow", "physical transformation processes", "length", "surface", "volume", "Mechanical waste processing", "time of processing", "time of use", "mass of produced good", "Staff business travel", "added value of system", "shelf-life duration", "mass or volume of good", "Storage and shelter", "duration of use", "volume of good", "area occupied by good", "Storage and other functions", "Transport and communication", "bandwidth of use", "end-of-life product", "true joint process", "Initial treatment processes", "Valuable co-function creation", "Sorted plastic fraction", "post-consumer plastic waste", "waste/end-of-life product", "Manufacturing steps", "Heating/cooling of space", "time (duration of heating/cooling)", "area or volume heated/cooled", "Heating/cooling of goods", "heat capacity of good", "Private administration services", "person time or cost charged for admin services", "Public administration services", "number of cases serviced", "surface area cleaned", "time (duration) of cleaning", "Guarding services", "share of product's value among guarded products", "Marketing services", "share of product implicitly or explicitly addressed by marketing", "multifunctional flows", "explicit allocation", "burden allocation", "pre-treated waste", "aluminium bar", "aluminium scrap from construction demolishing", "basic properties", "end-of-life product and waste management", "initial waste treatment processes", "valuable product", "loss at each cycle", "limited changes in inherent properties", "relevant changes in inherent properties", "energy recovery from mixed polymer waste", "recycled/recovered/reused good", "produces minimum required M.Z.", "comparison", "inherent properties", "waste/end-of-life management/treatment processes", "zero market value border", "negative market value", "positive market value", "LDPE post-consumer plastic waste", "LDPE", "100% rule", "system-wide consistent application of allocation", "co-product inventory", "inventory of system before allocation", "technical process diagrams", "secondary LCI data sets", "secondary good inherent properties", "requirements", "Recycling Loop", "recycling rate", "collection efficiencies", "processing efficiencies", "Average LCI per Unit", "Primary Production LCI", "Waste Management LCI", "Recycling Effort LCI", "Allocation Formula", "Consumed products", "Resources from nature", "Waste servicing processes", "Waste inputs", "Input of resources from nature", "Other input and output side interventions with the ecosphere", "Gaseous waste", "waste management within the technosphere", "Output of valuable goods and services provided by the process", "Raw data types", "Element composition", "Energy content of product and waste flows", "overall inventory", "inaccuracy", "incompleteness", "systematic uncertainties", "system model assumptions", "quality requirements", "elementary flows compatibility", "methodological consistency", "SI units", "recommended for data collection", "required for reporting", "Multi-annual data", "preferred for processes with inter-annual variations", "Well-documented data", "supports correct use", "system documentation", "flow property information", "recipes and formulations", "part lists", "stoichiometric models", "user behaviour surveys", "use stage modelling", "operated processes", "one full year as data basis", "waste discard processes", "representative average data", "parameterised processes", "mathematical model", "assumptions and limitations", "interim quality control", "Validity check", "goal and scope requirements", "Process inventory data", "Start", "Closure", "Standby", "Normal operating conditions", "Abnormal operating conditions", "unit process inventory", "inventory control", "Quality Control", "Unit process level", "Data Gap Filling", "Flow Identification", "Unit Process Modeling", "Missing Data Documentation", "Initially Missing Data", "Conservative Value", "method consistency", "data completeness", "Data gap documentation", "Data estimate", "transparency and consistency", "data gap relevance assessment", "data gaps", "Average data of similar products", "Industry average data", "Producer-specific process data", "Methodological appropriateness and consistency", "Dealing with remaining unit process data gaps / missing data", "missing qualitative information", "missing quantitative information", "regular inventory", "Data Aggregation", "flow marking", "Calculating LCI results", "LCIA results calculation", "missing specific data", "missing inventory data", "aggregated inventory", "partly terminated system", "missing background data", "worst-case data", "Missing data handling", "missing important data", "LCI results aggregation", "Nitrogen in Nitrogen compounds", "Default-composition tables", "PCR-type guidance documents", "sector-specific guidance documents", "Process-type differentiation", "Industry differentiation", "Measurement indicator and substance group elementary flows", "AOX", "PCBs", "TOC", "Easily water soluble ionic compounds", "easily water-soluble salts", "solubility in water at 20 °C of 10 lg/l", "Emission of ionic compounds", "separately inventoried ions", "Emission of particles to air", "poorly water-soluble compounds below 10 lg/l solubility", "Particle Size Classes", "Resource elementary flows", "biomass from fields and managed forests", "Lower calorific value", "Renewable energy resources from air", "Iron— Resources from ground", "Chemical element resources", "Schist", "Functional/material resources", "Lime stone", "Anhydrite", "Resources from ground", "Rock salt", "Inert rock", "Granite", "Nuclear ores", "Peat", "Biomass of primary forests", "usable energy extracted from nature", "Solar electricity", "amount of electricity captured by solar cells", "Solar heat", "amount of usable heat captured by solar cells", "biomass from nature", "Lower calorific value of water-free substance", "Biomass from fields", "not elementary flow", "Malachite", "ore body", "Sulphidic copper–silver ore", "Land use and transformation", "CO2 emissions from land transformation", "Soil Organic Carbon Changes", "Soil organic carbon changes from land use and transformation", "IPCC CO2 emission factors", "water input", "renewable groundwater", "fossil/deep ground water", "Emission/discharge of water in liquid form", "water output", "emission in form of steam", "water quality changes by chemical substances", "Waste and end-of-life product deposition", "Carbon dioxide (fossil)", "Virgin forests", "Secondary forests", "Litter", "Nutrient losses", "Biomass burning emissions", "Soil erosion emissions", "Fossil groundwater", "Waste and wastewater treatment", "Waste treatment steps", "kept as specific waste flows in inventory", "Underground deposits", "Unmanaged landfilling", "Littering", "Individual interventions from discarding", "Individual interventions", "Interventions", "Production Waste", "waste treatment service", "process inventories", "data set documentation", "Overall data set quality", "LCI Model scaling", "Pre-verified data sets", "critically reviewed data", "LCA System", "interim products", "wastes", "Unit process data set quality control", "average data sets", "parameterised unit process data sets", "Adsorbable organic halogen compounds (AOX)", "PAH", "PCB", "Total organic carbon", "Data estimate quality level", "environmental completeness", "Scaling and Aggregation", "Elementary Flows Aggregation", "Location-Specific Impact Assessment", "Elementary Flows Disaggregation", "Environmental Sub-Compartment Differentiation", "underground waste deposits", "non-functional product flows", "non-functional waste flows", "LCI results inventory", "Calculation procedures", "inventory data aggregation", "Non-generic LCIA", "Regional characterisation factors", "non-LCA impacts", "LCIA frame", "LCI/LCIA database packages", "kg CO2-equivalents", "Potentially Displaced Fraction", "beyond 100 years", "LCIA results of long-term emissions", "weighting inclusion decision", "Impact Category Aggregation", "Cut-off Quantification", "Midpoint Level Approaches", "Endpoint Approach", "normalised indicator results", "Weighted LCIA Results", "Category-wise Endpoint Results", "Gravity Analysis", "key life cycle stages", "inventory items", "Commissioner and Interested Parties Influence", "System Completeness Check", "Significant Issues Evaluation", "LCI Model Completeness", "Process coverage", "100% reference value", "best approximation values", "treatment cost", "element composition and energy content of all flows", "cost of all goods and services", "environmental impact of yet missing background data sets", "share of different quality levels of data", "precision of 100% value approximation", "quantitative cut-off value", "Completeness of impact", "Negligible flows", "limitations", "Sensitivity of LCI items", "LCI items", "Sensitivity of LCIA factors", "assumptions and models", "Method assumptions", "Inventory data completeness evaluation", "Elementary flow coverage", "Cut-off approximation", "flow properties", "LCI Data Precision", "System level", "Inconsistencies", "results analysis", "main system model", "default LCIA methods", "spatially differentiated", "reuse credits", "three areas of protection", "treatment of not quantified effects outside LCA scope", "Comparative studies on subjective preference alternatives", "explicit statement of non-comparability required", "no comparability in terms of preferability", "key message", "significant differences", "data restrictions", "Environmental Aspects Integration in Product Design", "Level 1 reporting", "Level 2 reporting", "Level 3 reporting", "more requirements than level 2", "to be disclosed to the public", "Main Report", "Method, assumption and impact limitations", "Reasons for Carrying Out the LCA Study and Decision Context", "Inventory Building", "System Boundaries and Completeness Requirements", "Requirements for Comparative Studies", "LCA report structure", "Internal use reporting level", "Third party reporting level", "Comparative studies disclosure level", "parameters tested", "variance", "Raw Materials Stage", "System Modelling Per Life Cycle Stage", "Electricity Supply Modelling", "Results", "Annex", "Window Life Cycle Assessment", "wood/aluminium window", "PVC window", "Glass Fibre Reinforced", "Nor-win", "window manufacturing", "W/C window", "highest impact for 10 impact categories", "Indoor heating generation", "Window life cycle impacts", "EU27 citizen annual average impacts", "glass fibre-based composite", "insulation properties", "window design", "frame design", "additional pane", "U-value", "heat transfer coefficient", "light transmission", "Ionising radiation (human health)", "chromium steel", "human health (cancer effects)", "galvanised steel", "Zinc (II)", "attributional principle", "heat transfer", "wood-based windows", "Scandinavian countries", "Germany", "Tvis", "W window", "W/ALU window", "provision of utilities", "manufacturing technology", "Plastics Europe", "Impact assessment category selection", "incineration of bio-waste", "representative for Switzerland", "Dissasembly of window", "1 MJ per kg energy requirement", "Extraction of bauxite", "Production of aluminium", "Aluminium parts", "Wooden parts", "Mining of silica", "Surface treatment", "Mining of iron", "lowest environmental impact in all 14 impact categories", "EPDM rubber", "Residential Heating Production", "U-value of the window", "Steel parts", "Extraction of argon", "Use (heat loss)", "Recycling of glass", "Production of cardboard", "Glass cullets", "Steel billet", "Aluminium ingot", "kg C year", "Resource depletion (minerals, fossils)", "kg Sb eq.", "preferable environmental option", "worst performance in 11 out of 14 impact categories", "environmental performance of windows", "Heat demand", "Human health (non-cancer)", "kg CFC-11 eq.", "kg NMVOC eq.", "AE", "kg P eq.", "kg N eq.", "CTUe", "kg PM2.5 eq. to air", "kBq U235 eq.", "Paint production", "injection moulding process", "PVC production", "3-layered glass", "improved insulation properties", "Paint selection", "Paint application", "High environmental burden", "3-layered windowpane", "Frame Material Selection", "Crystal glass windows", "visible light transmittance coefficient >0.6", "Photochromic windows", "variable transparency in response to light intensity", "Electricity for indoor lighting", "Heat mix changes", "More efficient heat supply technologies", "LCA study time frame (25-30 years)", "PVC frame production", "cleaner technology", "benchmarking study", "total impacts from the window product system", "EU-recommended practice", "European Background Activities", "overestimated normalised impact scores", "environmental and design departments", "Thermal insulation", "noise insulation", "daylight transmission", "ventilation capability", "heat loss prevention", "window frame material", "window frame design", "windowpane thickness", "windowpane coating", "windowpane layers", "material between panes", "building heating demand", "Windowpane Material", "Crystal Glass", "Variable Light Transmittance", "Electrochromic Window", "Window LCA Study", "replacement after 20 years", "Window Pane Replacement", "Life time of the window frame", "Window type W/C", "Paint for window frame", "Nor-win window introduction", "heat insulation improvements", "Naphtha Cracking", "Virgin materials", "Capital equipment", "less than 5% of total mass", "surface treatment substances", "toxic", "Production of materials and semi-products", "Production of window pane", "Use of window", "Production of window", "Painting of window", "Transportation and provision of utilities", "System boundaries for the product systems of the four window alternatives", "Provision of heat", "wooden frame impregnation", "raw metal production", "fossil extraction", "Metal ore", "Window components", "Maintenance painting", "Mainly recycled", "combination of state of the art methods for LCIA", "end-of-life processes", "PVC", "30 year window lifetime", "W", "40 year window lifetime", "W/ALU", "W/C", "25-30 year time horizon", "midpoint impacts", "Wood frame", "originates from Finland", "produced in Sweden", "polyvinyl chloride", "produced in Germany", "2015 to 2020 time horizon", "version 4.3", "version 1.0.3", "Life Cycle website of the European Commission", "version 1.05", "EU27 reference year 2010", "exclusion of identical processes", "window washing", "Production of chrom. steel", "energy use in manufacturing", "Plastics Europe databases", "Heat Loss Calculation", "Temperature Difference", "sufficiently accurate data", "electricity use for production", "assembly of W/C window frame", "high quality and certain", "electricity requirements for assembly of W/C window frame", "less certain initial estimates", "Bauxite", "District heat mix technologies", "Heat generation from incineration of straw", "Heat generation from non-renewable waste", "Heat generation from biomass", "Combustion of wood pellets", "Chemicals & polymers", "Mining of argon", "Manufacturing Electricity for production of window frame", "Electricity for mounting window frame and window pane into a window", "W/C window frame manufacturing", "2 times higher electricity requirement than W window", "W/C window mounting", "Frame materials", "Pane materials", "acrylic binder", "Triethylene glycol", "Wood preservative", "Ethylene propylene diene monomer", "Polyethylene", "Recycled cardboard", "Transport by truck 34–40 t EURO4", "PCV profiles", "Recycling of PVC", "PVC granulate mix", "Production of galv. steel", "Production of zinc", "Product system of the polyvinyl chloride window", "Electricity for operation of the manufacturing facility", "Heat loss per year", "MJ/year", "window area", "temperature difference between indoor and outdoor environment", "Indoor temperature", "°C", "Outdoor temperature", "Annual average outdoor temperature in Denmark", "7.7 °C", "Maintenance of window", "Painting", "Paint", "0.6 kg per window", "Transportation distances and means", "Elements composing window frame and window pane", "Transport by truck 12–14 t, EURO3", "Danish heating and electricity mixes", "Parameter Importance", "XIS,k > 0.3", "Medium Sensitivity", "Large Sensitivity", "Disassembly and disposal", "1 MJ per 1 kg of dismounted window", "Wood/aluminium", "Wood/composite", "Window insulation properties", "waste management technologies", "Transport distance", "30% recyclable", "Glass fibre/polyamide composite", "100% incinerated", "Virgin material replacement", "Danish waste management systems", "electricity use during window assembly", "transportation distance from factory to retail", "manufacturing and waste management systems", "Use location", "DK", "EU27", "Pane design", "2-layered", "3-layered", "probability ranges", "Uncertain or variable parameters", "Amount of wood in the frame", "relative standard deviation", "Amount of steel in the frame", "glass pane amount", "natural gas (57%)", "oil (21%)", "biomass (13%)", "coal (9%)", "EU27 electricity mix", "nuclear power (28%)", "coal and peat (27%)", "natural gas (27%)", "hydropower (11%)", "wind power (4%)", "oil (3%)", "biofuels (3%)", "non-renewable waste (7%)", "3-layered windows", "U-values reduced by 25%", "Danish heating mix", "natural gas (24%)", "coal (23%)", "straw (8%)", "wood chips (12%)", "wood pellets (10%)", "non-renewable waste (17%)", "oil (2%)", "hard coal (36%)", "natural gas (14%)", "wind power (15%)", "EU27 disposal routes", "lower frequency of recycling and incineration", "increased frequency of landfilling", "window installation", "heat exchange", "insulation", "U-value variability", "covariation between processes", "highest impact scores for 11 impact categories", "W and W/ALU window systems", "Combustion of Fossil Coal", "Much smaller normalised impact scores", "Somewhat higher normalised results", "Highest normalised impact scores", "Respiratory Effects", "lower land use impact", "higher land use impact", "higher land use impact than PVC window", "fossil coal", "Window performance", "window systems", "PVC injection moulding", "Mineral Depletion", "Materials and manufacturing", "no wood use", "flat glass production", "silicone insulating material", "low impact contribution", "Glue laminated timber", "Alkyd paint", "heat loss compensation parameters", "modelled heat loss", "Copper (+II)", "PVC window frame", "linear function of temperature difference", "Total Impact Scores", "painting activity", "transportation of paint", "landfilling of copper and zinc", "extra layer of glass", "reduced heat loss", "overall life cycle impact", "heat generation from natural gas and oil", "% of total impact score", "hot spots", "Freshwater Toxicity", "window options", "data quality inconsistency", "represent 75–85% of actual total impacts", "Manufacturing Contribution Variation", "material functionality", "recycling credit", "Most Important Contributor", "Heat Supply Technologies", "material impacts", "insulation properties trade-off", "injection moulding", "hotspots", "Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems", "Water resource depletion", "Water use related to local scarcity of water", "Mineral fossil and renewable resource depletion", "metal wastes", "waste categories", "glass wastes", "paper and cardboard wastes", "rubber wastes", "Heartwood", "Composite", "Argon", "Synthetic rubber (EDPM)", "Silicone", "Human exposure efficiency relative to U235", "kg U235 eq.", "Human health effect model as developed by Dreicer et al. (1995), Frischknecht et al. (2000)", "LOTOS-EUROS (Van Zelm et al. 2008)", "Accumulated Exceedance", "mol H+ eq.", "mol N eq.", "Residence time of nutrients in freshwater compartment (P)", "EUTREND model (Struijs et al. 2009)", "Global Warming Potential, 100 years horizon", "Baseline model of 100 years of the IPCC", "Steady-state ODPs 1999 as in WMO assessment", "Intake fraction for fine particles", "RiskPoll model", "Steel (galvanised and chromium)", "Straw incineration", "bio-waste incineration", "Non-renewable waste incineration", "factory processes", "End of life disassembly", "truck PE <u-so> technology mix, diesel driven, Euro3, cargo |>12–14 t total cap.", "tkm", "diesel, low-sulphur, at regional storage", "kg", "Unit Processes and LCI Results", "wood in window frame", "aluminium in window frame", "steel in window frame", "glass in pane", "Assembly and packaging of window, U, MIOW", "Production of window frame, U, MIOW", "Production of window pane, 2-layered, U, MIOW", "DK: electricity, production mix", "DK: heat mix", "RER: corrugated board base paper, kraftliner, at plant", "RER: polyethylene film (PE-LD)", "Painting activity of window frame", "70% landfilled", "Aluminium incineration", "Municipal solid waste treatment", "EPDM rubber landfilling", "Polypropylene landfilling", "Silicone incineration", "Plastic mixture incineration", "Distribution stage", "Same transportation distances for all windows", "Use of window, U, MIOW", "Disassembly of window, U, MIOW", "RER: alkyd paint, white, 60% in solvent, at plant", "GLO: truck PE <u-so> technology mix, diesel driven, Euro4, cargo |>34–40 t total cap. /27 t payload capacity", "DE: polyethylene, incineration (PE, Adapted)", "DE: paper/cardboard, incineration (Adapted)", "organics", "production mix DK", "zinc coating", "coils", "polyvinylchloride injection moulding part", "glass fibre-reinforced plastic", "Disposal of aluminium, U, MIOW", "Aluminium recycling, U, MIOW", "CH: disposal, aluminium, 0% water, to municipal incineration", "CH: disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to sanitary landfill", "glued laminated timber, outdoor use", "Truck PE, diesel driven, Euro4", "diesel, low-sulphur", "Aluminium extrusion profile", "chromium steel product", "Window frame, U, MIOW", "flat glass, coated, at plant", "polypropylene-EPDM granulate mix", "silicone product, at plant", "Aluminium ingot mix", "Disposal of EPDM, U, MIOW", "EPDM seal PE, p-agg", "disposal, polypropylene, 15.9% water, to sanitary landfill", "Disposal of wood, U, MIOW", "Disposal of silicone, U, MIOW", "Disposal of steel, U, MIOW", "Disposal of PVC, U, MIOW", "Disposal of composite, U, MIOW", "Disposal of glass, U, MIOW", "GLO: truck PE <u-so> technology mix, diesel driven, Euro4", "EPDM", "Disposal of polypropylene", "sanitary landfill", "sorting plant", "CH: disposal, building, glass pane (in burnable frame), to sorting plant, U, MIOW", "Glass disposal and recycling", "RER: flat glass, uncoated, at plant (inverted)", "RER: glass, cullets, sorted, at sorting plant", "RER: excavation, hydraulic digger", "CH: electricity, low voltage, at grid", "CH: disposal, glass, 0% water, to inert material landfill", "excavation, hydraulic digger", "sorting plant for construction waste", "LifeCycleStage", "disposal, plastics, mixture, 15.3% water, to municipal incineration", "Wood incineration, U, MIOW", "Wood (natural) in municipal waste incineration", "Aluminium disposal to municipal incineration", "Copper disposal to municipal incineration", "Steel recycling, U, MIOW", "CH: disposal, steel, 0% water, to municipal incineration", "CH: disposal, steel, 0% water, to inert material landfill", "disposal, copper, 0% water, to municipal incineration", "disposal, zinc in car shredder residue, 0% water, to municipal incineration", "disposal, paint, 0% water, to municipal incineration", "municipal incineration", "disposal, polyvinyl chloride, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill", "polyamide (PA) 6.6 GF", "ELCD/PE-Gabi", "Heat, DK, SERF", "heat, wood pellets, at furnace 50 kW", "heat, softwood chips from industry, at furnace 50 kW", "heat, heavy fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1 MW", "heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace >100 kW", "heat, hard coal briquette, at stove 5–15 kW", "CH: heat, bio-waste, at waste incineration plant, allocation price", "CH: heat, at cogen, biogas agricultural mix, allocation exergy", "CH: heat, at heat pump 30 kW, allocation exergy", "CH: heat, at solar + gas heating, tube collector, one-family house, combined system", "incineration of non-renewable waste", "Heat, EU27, MIOW", "Carbon dioxide, land transformation", "Cadmium (+II)", "Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone)", "1-butanol", "Acenaphthene", "Acetaldehyde", "Acetic acid", "Acetone", "Acetonitrile", "Acrylic acid", "Aldehyde", "Alkane", "Alkene", "Ammonium", "Ammonium carbonate", "Ammonium nitrate", "Group PAH", "Halogenated hydrocarbons (unspecified)", "Halogenated organic emissions", "Halon (1211)", "Halon (1301)", "Helium", "Heptane (isomers)", "Hexachlorobenzene", "Hexafluorosilicates", "Hexamethylene diamine", "Hexane (isomers)", "Hydrocarbons (unspecified)", "Hydrocarbons, aromatic", "Dioxins (unspec.)", "Dust (>PM10)", "Dust (PM2,5–PM10)", "Dust (unspecified)", "Ethane", "Ethene (ethylene)", "Ethine (acetylene)", "Ethyl benzene", "Ethyl cellulose", "Ethylene acetate (ethyl acetate)", "Ethylenediamine", "Exhaust", "Fluoranthene", "Fluorene", "Hydrogen phosphorous", "Iodine", "Isocyanide acid", "Isoprene", "Lead (+II)", "Lead dioxide", "Manganese (+II)", "Mercury (+II)", "Carbon disulphide", "Carbon monoxide (biotic)", "Chloride (unspecified)", "Chloromethane (methyl chloride)", "Chromium (+III)", "Chromium (+VI)", "Cyanide (unspecified)", "Methyl tert-butylether", "Molybdenum", "Monoethanolamine", "Naphthalene", "Nickel (+II)", "Nitrogen (atmospheric nitrogen)", "nitrogen dioxide", "Nitrogen monoxide", "NMVOC (unspecified)", "Octane", "Organic emissions to air (group VOC)", "Other emissions to air", "Pentane (n-pentane)", "Pentachlorobenzene", "Pentachlorophenol (PCP)", "phenanthrene", "Biological Oxygen Demand", "Table 39.34", "Chemical Oxygen Demand", "Beryllium", "Calcium (+II)", "Acid (calculated as H +)", "Acrylonitrile", "Alkane (unspecified)", "Alkene (unspecified)", "Aluminium (+III)", "Ammonium/ammonia", "Anthracene", "Antimony", "Arsenic (+V)", "Tin oxide", "Titanium", "Toluene", "Trichloromethane", "Uranium", "Vanadium", "Vinyl Chloride", "Zinc sulphate", "1,2-dibromoethane", "Heavy metals to freshwater", "Hydrocarbons to freshwater", "Chlorine compounds (unspecified)", "Organic emissions to freshwater", "Organic compounds (dissolved)", "Organic compounds (unspecified)", "Phenol (hydroxy benzene)", "Particles to freshwater", "Cypermethrin", "Heavy metals to agricultural soil", "Emissions to agricultural soil", "Xylene (isomers; dimethyl benzene)", "Xylene (meta-Xylene; 1,3-Dimethylbenzene)", "Xylene (ortho-xylene; 1,2-Dimethylbenzene)", "2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)", "Aclonifen", "Aldrin", "Atrazine", "Barium", "Benomyl", "Bentazone", "Carbetamide", "Carbofuran", "Chromium (unspecified)", "Fluoride", "Heavy metals to industrial soil", "Magnesium (+III)", "Pesticides to agricultural soil", "Pirimicarb", "Strontium", "Tebutam", "Teflubenzuron", "Thiram", "Tin (+IV)", "Vanadium (+III)", "Emissions to industrial soil", "Bromide", "Cresol (methyl phenol)", "Cyanide", "Fatty acids (calculated as total carbon)", "Glutaraldehyde", "Halogenated organic emissions to sea water", "Sodium (+I)", "Sulphide", "Acenaphthylene", "Inorganic emissions to sea water", "Heavy metals to sea water", "Iodide", "Pesticides to sea water", "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, unspec.)", "Toluene (methyl benzene)", "Total dissolved organic bounded carbon", "Technology Data for Energy Plants", "Eco-Factors", "fertile land", "atmospheric dispersion models", "ecosystem sensitivity", "eutrophying emissions", "Harmonised category indicators at midpoint and endpoint level", "ILCD Handbook Chapter 38", "endpoint characterisation methodologies", "ILCD handbook on LCIA recommended practice in Europe", "Hauschild et al. (2013)", "Hauschild et al.", "Political targets", "Selected environmental issues", "Political thresholds", "MEEuP approach", "emission limit values", "non-mechanistic", "policy-priority-based", "political target limits", "environmental policy", "software architecture", "endpoint characterization factors published", "midpoint characterization factors not yet available", "ReCiPe 2016", "version 3.0", "version 2.0", "Tables 40.1 and 40.2", "Substance transfer", "Table 40.2", "Damage Assessment", "Biotic resources effects", "Aspects/diseases/ecosystems considered", "20 year time horizon", "inter-generational equality", "Impact modeling approach", "Linear", "Background impacts", "Emission compartment characterisation factors", "Time Horizon Inconsistency", "Endpoint Scores", "Midpoint Scores", "Local conditions variability", "Number of substances covered", "Land use types covered", "Resources covered", "Unit", "Impact profile", "Guinée et al. (1996)", "TRACI 1.0", "Bare et al. (2003)", "Jolliet et al. (2003)", "Hauschild and Potting (2005)", "Goedkoop et al. (2012)", "TRACI 2", "Bare (2011)", "ILCD/PEF/OEF", "Bulle et al. (in review)", "Global Temperature Potential", "GWP2", "IPCC 2001", "GTP", "IPCC 2013", "CML 1992", "EDIP 97", "ODP5", "Global degradation in stratospheric O3 concentration", "CALPUFF Model", "Secondary PM from SO2 and NOx", "Greco et al. (2007)", "Secondary PM from NH3", "Chronic mortality", "Acute mortality", "Acute respiratory morbidity", "Acute cardiovascular morbidity", "10.9 DALY per case", "Epidemiological studies", "Infinite", "3% rate", "Urban and rural archetypes", "WHO13 recommendation", "Human health only", "linearity assumed with no threshold", "Marginal increase in long term ozone levels", "RAINS", "LOTOS-EUROS model", "Carter", "Average daily inhalation", "Atmospheric concentration of O3", "AOT60", "Vegetation", "AOT40", "WHO guidelines", "Critical level for humans", "Jenkin et al. (1999)", "LOTOSEUROS", "C2H4 equivalents", "NOx equivalents", "ethylene equivalents", "person*ppm*h", "m2*ppm*h", "kg nmVOC14 equivalents", "nmVOC14", "Frischknecht et al. (2000)", "Garnier-Laplace et al. (2008; 2009)", "Dreicer et al. (1995)", "Radionuclides", "Atmospheric Discharges", "Liquid Discharges", "Effective Dose", "External Irradiation", "Dose-Response Functions", "Ingestion Pathways", "Linear Slope Factor", "RfD", "CalTOX 4.0", "Mechanistic, nested, multimedia, mass-balance model", "developed for LCA", "Inhalation, various ingestion pathways", "C-14", "outdoor air", "ocean", "Marginal", "non-linear effect factor", "Average", "100 years for metals", "Rural air", "Urban air", "Natural soil", "industrial soil", "Marine water", "soil compartment", "air compartment", "water compartment", "1,4-DCB equivalents", "2,4-D equivalents", "chloroethylene equivalents", "m3 (volume of poisoned compartment)", "cases or CTUh", "Marine", "Terrestrial", "developed for ERA", "partial fate", "Most sensitive species", "Average toxicity", "Generic", "sub-continental level", "triethylene-glycol equivalents", "PAF", "RAINS model", "EMEP", "CARMEN model", "removal of nutrients in hydrological cycle", "EUTREND", "CARMEN", "Spatial differentiation at 0.5°x0.5° resolution scale", "Spatial differentiation factor 3-7 between European countries", "Available at global, continental, country, and fine scale", "GEOSchem model", "N- and P-limited recipients", "dose-response relationship", "ASTRAP", "WSAG topological network", "Redfield ratio", "kg PO4 P-lim equivalents", "PO4 3- equivalents", "NO3 - equivalents", "m2 unprotected ecosystem", "kg P to freshwater", "mol N equivalents", "EUTREND model", "Distinction between exposure of N- and P-limited systems", "fate transport", "Huijbregts et al., 2000", "Norris (2003)", "Potting et al. (1998)", "Seppälä et al. (2006)", "Roy et al. (2012a; 2012b; 2014)", "ASTRAP model", "atmospheric fate", "SMART 2 model", "EMEP model", "buffer capacity", "sensitive areas", "limited buffer capacity", "critical load exceedance", "Soil Sensitivity Factor", "Change in Soil Solution H+ Concentration", "PROFILE Geochemical Steady-State Model", "Dose-Response Slope", "PEC/PNEC ratio", "1990", "2010", "2002", "20", "50", "100", "500", "global scale", "continental scale", "country scale", "2° × 2.5° resolution", "de Baan et al. (2013a; 2013b)", "Saad et al. (2011; 2013)", "Brandão & Milà i Canals (2013)", "Global generic", "kg SO2 equivalents", "H+ equivalents", "mol H+ equivalents", "H2SO4", "HCL", "HF", "Criticality", "Supply risk_JRC", "primary energy content", "Material competition scarcity index", "annual regeneration", "Nonrenewable resources extraction", "Wood extraction", "Mineral availability", "Agricultural resource extraction", "Silvicultural resource extraction", "Erosion resistance", "Mechanical filtration", "Groundwater replenishment", "Freshwater recharge potential", "Mechanical filtration potential", "Chemical filtration potential", "LANCA 2.0", "Net blue water consumption", "PEF/OEF", "occupation", "Competition in Agricultural Area", "Competition in Urban Area", "ha equivalents of arable land", "kg/m2 year", "tC/ha/y", "based on extraction rates and ultimate reserves", "Guinée and Heijungs characterisation model", "Hauschild and Wenzel model", "1990 extraction levels", "Fossil fuels and mineral resources", "Dissipation of Resource Functionality", "functionality loss", "Anthropogenic stock extended", "economic and social aspects", "AWARE model", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", "World Meteorological Organisation", "ILCD recommended approach", "Humbert (2009)", "Total Suspended Particulate matter", "represents relative Available WAter REmaining per area in a watershed", "ecosystem water deprivation", "spatial differentiation at country, watershed, and global levels", "unit: m3 world eq. deprived", "STEPWISE", "Weidema et al", "Steen (1999)", "Goedkoop and Spriensma (2000)", "Itsubo and Inaba (2003)", "Itsubo and Inaba (2012)", "Verones et al. (2016a)", "Cultural perspectives", "Individualist", "Hierarchist", "Egalitarian", "Western Europe production-based", "Global scope", "IPCC 1990", "YOLL", "NEX", "EINES", "Ecosystem productivity", "PDF in km2*y", "PDF in m2*y", "MJ surplus energy", "Social welfare", "Yen", "kgDW", "CF2 core", "CF2 extended", "Thermal stress", "Malaria", "Flooding", "Vector borne diseases", "De Schryver et al. 2009", "all species for terr.", "Hanafiah et al. 2011", "fish as proxy for aqu.", "Decrease in crop production", "increase wood production", "Ecosystem Service Loss", "land disappearance", "AMOUR 2.0", "coniferous forests", "Surface-based", "Number-based", "TM5-FASST", "No timeframe, no discounting", "7 Japanese regions", "World", "Atmospheric conditions", "56 regions", "high stack, low stack, ground-level", "Environment type", "remote, rural, urban", "Hofstetter (1998)", "Ozone Conversion Equivalency Factors", "POCP16", "Lindfors et al. (1995a)", "LOTOS-EUROS model 2007", "Linear exposure-response funcƟons", "no threshold", "only including acute effects", "Mechanistic, mass-balance model developed for LCA", "Unit-Risk concept", "inhalation exposure to heavy metals", "sick house syndrome", "indoor inhalation volume-response curve", "ED5024", "Sv", "PDF", "EUSES 1.0", "DALYs", "converted to monetary value", "Marginal/average approach", "Mechanistic, mass-balance model", "PAF-PDF severity factor of 0.5", "Air, water, soil", "Air, freshwater, marine water, agricultural soil, natural soil", "Global average, 16 subcontinental zones, 8 continental zones", "Helmes et al. (2012)", "N", "fixed removal ratio", "P", "Modified version of IMPACT 2002 model", "0.5x0.5 arc degrees spatial resolution", "Cosme and Hauschild (2016)", "P emissions", "Mineralisation", "biologically available nutrients", "P-limited systems", "N-limited systems", "benthic species disappearance", "Total P", "N-total", "Limited freshwater ecosystems", "Phosphorus limited", "Nitrogen limited", "Receiving Environment Fate Model", "Change in Soil pH", "Source Attribution", "PROFILE", "H+ Deposition", "Al3+ Concentration", "Base Saturation", "Potentially Not Occurring Fraction", "H+ Concentration", "Biome Regression Models", "H+ concentration change in lake", "pH effect on calcifying organisms", "PDF6", "m2*y", "primary wood productivity of forest", "net primary production of an area", "Saad et al.", "Chaudhary et al.", "WWF biomes", "ERP", "Holdridge lifezones", "MWPP", "PCWPP", "FWRP", "BPP", "IPCC climate zones", "Erosion Resistance Capacity/Potential", "Global extinction of species", "species-area relationship", "Jarvinen and Mieƫnen 1987", "Saad et al. 2011; 2013 models", "Brandão & Milà i Canals 2013 model", "SMART", "MOVE", "SMART 2", "land use types", "forest for forest", "forest for roads", "Atmospheric fate model", "kg of element or resource used", "Surplus energy", "Surplus Ore Potential", "Global region modelled", "5x the historical extraction before 1990", "infinite time horizon", "Agricultural Resources", "Silvicultural Resources", "Depletion of biotic resources", "Living Resources", "Improved Models and Data", "Mining and Milling Activities", "Operating Mining Costs", "Measure of Depletion", "Functional Deprivation of Fossil Fuels", "Functional Deprivation of Mineral Resources", "Resource Functionality", "Mineral Resources Characterisation Model", "Abiotic minerals and fossil fuels", "Terrestrial ecosystem biotic resources", "water stress", "level of competition among users", "physical stress of the resource", "distinction between surface and groundwater", "competition among users due to physical stress", "day/night distinction", "user cost", "Biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems", "Infrared Radiative Forcing", "Globally Regionalized", "Expected increase in Number of Extinct Species", "Characterization factors based on damages to humans and ecosystems", "Multiple environmental exposures", "Public health impact", "Environmental Impact Assessment methodologies", "species-area models", "vulnerability indicators", "species sensitivity to hypoxia", "Waterborne nitrogen emissions", "Marine eutrophication modelling", "Land use impacts on biodiversity in LCA", "Plant uptake of pesticides", "Pesticide residues in wheat", "Ingestion intake", "Pesticide impacts in food", "Dynamic multicrop model", "radioactive releases", "Ecological Risk Assessment", "Nuclear Facilities", "Burden of Disease", "Toxics Release Inventory Risk Screening", "nested multi-media fate, exposure and effects model", "Indoor air pollutant exposure", "phosphorous emissions", "MEEUP", "Methodology Report", "LIME 2", "Life Cycle Assessment Society of Japan", "Life-Cycle Impact Assessment Method Based on Endpoint Modeling", "oxygenated volatile organic compounds", "Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts", "Virtual Impacts of Lower Grade Deposits", "Monthly water stress", "Human intake", "EDIP2003 methodology", "acidifying impact", "regional origin of emissions", "Emission to Impacts", "TRACI 2.1", "Updated US and Canadian normalization factors", "soil ecological functions", "freshwater regulation", "Regional health impact factors", "sulfur oxides", "Atmospheric source-receptor relationships", "Ozone exposure", "Plant species sensitivity distributions for ozone exposure", "European characterization factors for damage to natural vegetation by ozone", "groundwater extraction", "Characterization factors for thermal pollution", "ozone simulations", "chemistry transport models", "PM10 simulations", "average European characterisation factors", "Biodiversity impacts from water consumption", "Ore grade decrease", "metal scarcity", "Ancillary input", "aspect of natural environment, human health, or resources", "release", "Endpoint method", "natural environment's ecosystems", "damage approach", "trend analysis", "Feedstock energy", "Higher heating value", "Lower heating value", "economic demand", "Intermediate Flow", "intermediate products", "mineral extraction", "Midpoint method", "Multiple products", "Multiple waste streams", "Process energy", "normalised environmental profile", "year", "Tangible and intangible elements", "software", "Intangible", "Information", "hardware", "tangible", "processed materials", "continuous characteristic", "2013/179/EU", "Releases", "Discharges to water", "Discharges to soil", "Future assumptions and factors", "Refurbishing", "Low relevance", "Subcategory", "LCI System", "Converting and aggregating indicator results across impact categories", "uses numerical factors based on value-choices", "LCIA framework", "Atmosphere", "Assignment of LCI results", "Building temporal scope", "Base cations", "Bern carbon cycle climate model", "Biochemicals", "Cause–effect mechanism", "Cause–effect pathway", "Combined impacts", "Co-generation process", "Climate forcing agent", "Climate tipping point", "Communication of results", "Consumption-based inventory", "Ecosystem vulnerability", "Depletion", "Degradation products", "Ecopoints method", "Ecosystem scarcity", "EEIOA", "Engineered Nano Particles", "Environmental certification", "Environmental performance of water supply", "Fossil", "Green Water", "Ground Level Ozone", "ILCD LCIA", "HCFC", "HC50", "HANPP", "Geographical boundaries", "Input-output model", "Indirect emission intensity", "Land quality", "Land recovery", "Label", "Key flow", "Lower bound", "LUC", "Limiting nutrient", "ODS", "Nano-technology", "Particles", "Planning", "Potable water", "Production-based inventory", "Radiation", "Regionalisation", "Resource base", "Severity", "Site-dependency", "Significance", "Significant issue", "Stratosphere", "Sunburn", "Substance coverage", "Social sustainability", "Soil exposure", "Species change", "Species composition", "Swiss ecopoints", "Stakeholder groups", "Stakeholders", "Validation", "JRC-IES", "Waste-related Issues", "acid rain", "General guide", "templates", "components", "product-group specific guidance documents", "ILCD Data Network", "Reasons for carrying out the study, and decision-context", "product comparisons disclosed to the public", "Commissioner of the study and other influential actors", "LCI method approaches for solving multifunctionality", "Consistency of methods, assumptions, and data", "impact factors", "Types, quality and sources of required data and information", "Impact assessment modeling", "Identify processes within system boundary", "Identifying critical review needs", "Processes to be attributed to the analysed system", "Introduction and overview", "Consequences to be considered", "Constraints and other market imperfections to be considered", "Avoiding black box unit processes", "Identifying the processes of the consequential model", "Solving multifunctionality of processes in consequential modelling", "Collecting unit process LCI data", "Background data for attributional and consequential models", "Primary and secondary data sources", "elementary flow groups", "Emission of measurement indicators", "Overarching method provisions for specific elementary flow types", "Fossil and biological CO2 uptake and release of CO2 and CH4", "Modelling agro- and forestry systems", "Overarching method provisions for specific process types", "Modelling waste treatment", "Reminder flows", "Nomenclature and other conventions", "avoiding allocation by subdivision", "Multifunctionality and allocation", "QFD", "Ores for winning metals or other elemental constituents", "Generic LCI data", "Averaging LCI data", "Solving multifunctionality of processes in attributional modelling", "Future processes and elementary flows", "Long-term emissions beyond 100 years", "delayed greenhouse gas emissions", "Recycling in attributional modelling", "Data quality aspects", "ILCD Handbook compliance criteria", "Modelling reuse, recycling, and energy recovery", "Determining recyclability", "Changes of inherent technical properties of the secondary good", "Identifying superseded processes", "Time aspects in delayed recycling", "waste / end-of-life product with positive market value", "Modelling principle", "Aggregating uncertainties over the life cycle", "System Boundary Template", "Reference Amount of the Reference Flow", "Representativeness regarding operation conditions", "Ionic Compounds", "Description of What Unit Process Represents", "Specific Future and Generic Data Sets", "LCI Data Selection", "inventory data collection and modelling", "car starter battery", "electricity using product", "supply-chain life cycle model", "decision tree", "open-loop - same primary route recycling", "Open Loop Recycling - Different Primary Route", "Incomplete LCIA factor assignment to elementary flows", "LCIA factor assignment", "Double counting of recycling", "Omission of recycling", "XY Research & Consulting Centre Attributional LCA method manual", "Fairness and acceptance", "level playing field across competing products", "comprehensive documentation", "Assured quality", "product-related questions", "limited consequences outside decision-context", "does not change available production capacity", "strategic level decisions", "structural consequences outside decision-context", "attributional or consequential principle", "Meso/macro-level decisions", "change available production capacity", "large-scale consequences in background system", "descriptive documentation", "includes existing recycling benefits", "does not include existing benefits outside analysed system", "Time in LCA", "Provisions", "ILCD-compliant studies", "Terms and concepts", "Frequent errors", "data quality concept", "end-of-life product reuse", "electronic LCI data set format", "data set editor application", "reference elementary flows", "ranges in complexity from single operation unit process to comparative assertion", "Review scope, methods, and documentation", "Simplification", "iterative process", "Detailed guidance", "Figure 3", "co-function substitution", "results robustness analysis", "macro-level monitoring studies", "data and models", "monitoring indicators", "comparative assertions disclosed to the public", "applicable type of review for different types of studies", "macro-level decision support studies", "monitoring type studies", "product-related decision support", "process-related decision support", "uses primary data from producer/operator", "generic data from third-party data providers", "long-term marginal mixes", "upstream life cycles", "iterative", "Chapter 5.3", "Goal classification guidance", "Method Choices", "Pre-set Limitations", "Shortlist information sources", "Plan reporting", "Plan review", "Data availability constraints", "interested parties", "Location-Specific Considerations", "Data Quality Definition", "impact assessment calculation", "LCI data compilation", "Prepare Basis for LCIA", "Data Inventorying", "completeness, accuracy, and precision", "Goal and scope revision", "Improve key LCI data", "Co-functions exclusion", "Primary LCI data", "Study-specific LCI data", "third-party study report", "external target audience", "study report", "Method and Assumption Related Data", "Scope Revision", "Scope Limitations", "Accompanying review", "ILCD General guide for LCA", "new version overrules former version", "6 month transition period for ongoing studies", "ILCD compliance", "Nomenclature", "LCI / LCA guidance documents", "SHALL", "mandatory requirement", "SHOULD", "permissible deviations with justification", "MAY", "methodological recommendation", "Life Cycle Assessment claim", "must be followed with permissible deviations", "methodological or procedural recommendation", "Requirement status", "High quality", "Basic quality", "Partial compliance", "Comparison of LCA results for different products", "decision on alternative materials", "purchase of alternative products", "policy option analysis", "inputs and output flows", "supply-chain modelling", "performs more than one function", "chlor-alkali-electrolysis", "produces multiple products", "partitioning input or output flows of a process or product system", "direct decision context", "Key definitions", "functional flow", "co-product flow", "Monofunctional process", "performs one function", "subtractive", "1st Iteration", "full product system", "2nd Iteration", "3rd Iteration", "better data for key processes and flows", "Scope refinement and revision", "LCI Screening", "Data collection and modelling", "Scenario revision", "Impact characterisation factors", "Product Use Patterns", "Application / publication", "Basic validation of data", "Relating data to unit process", "Validated data per unit process", "Relating data set to functional unit(s) / reference flow(s)", "Data aggregation (possibly averaging)", "Validated data per functional unit(s) / reference flow(s)", "Interpretation (significant issues, completeness check, sensitivity check, consistency check conclusions, recommendations)", "LCI/LCA report and/or data set", "LCIA items", "Life Cycle Inventory compilation", "Life Cycle Impact Assessment Work", "Core Report Development", "Final Report", "Reviewer Involvement", "Core Report Provisions", "Evaluation of results", "life cycle inventory as deliverable", "includes interpretation", "Certified supply type studies", "Accounting studies", "Subject Identification", "Methodological LCA Study", "internal benchmark", "ecoefficiency analysis", "LCA results usability", "eco-efficiency studies", "correlation between environmental results and market price", "site-unspecific", "site-unspecific LCIA", "unsuitable for site-specific decisions", "product comparison adequacy", "limited resource flows inclusion", "Assumptions on system characteristics", "usability and transferability of results", "Niche market analysis", "Product Scope Definition", "refillable packaging", "niche market characteristic", "niche market value-system", "recycled", "bio-based", "locally produced", "durability", "Reporting Form and Technical Level", "External Use", "In-house Decision Support", "Sites", "Australian Agency for Protection of the Environment", "LCA Study Commission", "Australian Association of Paper Producers", "LCA Study Financing", "pre-verified data", "Data Set Developer", "Review Requirements", "Panel Review", "external use of LCI data set", "Decision-Context Situations", "System Changes", "Market Mechanism Effects", "Reasons for study", "Target audience of study", "Type of audience", "Comparisons involved", "past time horizon", "LCI methodological questions", "identifying purpose", "Studies on decisions", "production facility", "installed equipment", "existing equipment", "additional demand", "new production plants", "structural market effects", "second generation biofuel production plants", "descriptive character studies", "new technology installation", "system benefits", "micro-level", "small-scale consequences", "product/micro level comparisons", "purchase decision support", "recycling of paper and plastic from packaging", "base-line scenario", "installed recycling capacity", "alternative uses of waste", "Ecodesign study", "Carbon footprint data", "LCA-supported strategic research studies", "technology system comparison", "life cycle based decision support", "Production infrastructure", "strategy analysis", "concept development", "pervasive technologies", "bio-fuels introduction in U.S. diesel fuel", "petro-based diesel production capacity decrease", "petro-based diesel production", "LCI modelling changes required", "meso-level strategic study", "palm oil from Malaysia", "conversion of natural forest into fields or plantations", "soybean oil from the U.S.", "biofuels in U.S. diesel fuel", "bio-fuels", "bio-fuel production", "diesel production", "refinery products inventory", "canola", "soybeans", "oil palms", "Sector-level Changes", "Basic Materials Sector", "Energy Carriers Sector", "Large-scale Market Consequences", "glycerine production capacity", "glycerine plants decommissioning", "alternative routes/processes", "rice production", "rapeseed based biodiesel", "glycerine", "alternative production replacement", "material X", "production plant lifetime of 25 years", "annual demand of 400,000 tonnes", "additional installation of production capacity", "additional supply", "phase-out speed", "co-produced", "system isolation", "system-external interactions", "descriptive accounting", "existing / past interactions between systems", "Accounting-type LCA", "Retrospective Analysis", "post consumer plastic packaging waste treatment technologies", "life cycle based monitoring", "installed capacity replacement", "plant lifetime", "Car recycling", "Reference year accounting", "petro-based glycerine production", "co-product glycerine", "biodiesel production analysis", "use-stage emissions", "comparative decision", "Wood product certification", "Accounting data", "Individual mobility", "environmental performance comparison", "comparative performance", "retrospective", "accounting type life cycle information", "non-scalable processes", "non-scalable", "certification system", "direct supplier", "goal situation identification", "preparatory role", "C1", "avoided burdens from recycling", "C2", "existing system in isolation", "market-dominating companies", "large-scale consequences in installed production capacity", "Situation A or B", "scale of consequences", "retrospective performance assessment", "Table 3", "Chapter 6.5.4", "modelling differences", "process-type specific guidance", "ILCD-compliant Product Category Rules", "ILCD guidance documents", "Specific guides", "ILCD-compliant review process", "strictness", "geographical and timerelated representativeness and appropriateness", "chapter 6.8", "chapter 6.9", "required precision and maximum permitted uncertainties", "chapter 6.10", "chapter 6.11", "chapter 6.12", "Deliverable Types", "same product use patterns", "same life cycle stages", "uniform application throughout study", "same methodological provisions", "evaluation step", "methodological aspects", "data aspects", "achieved consistency", "All processes", "validity of results", "documented methods", "LCA work guidance", "LCI/LCA study credibility", "consistent and transparent application", "study report documentation", "public", "meta-documentation", "Confidential report", "depth and width of LCI/LCA study", "reporting form", "Calculation of indirect effects", "Supply chain greening", "ISO 14031", "Technical Measurement Standards", "Multiple Reference Flows", "Quantitative Description of Function", "What", "For How Long", "Measured Amount", "Transport Steps", "Storage Steps", "System specification", "How Long", "Minimum Requirements", "Country Indicator", "Goods and services", "incineration plant", "Polymer Fraction", "Inert Materials", "Organic Biomass Fraction", "Household Waste Incineration", "Quantifiable Properties", "organic waste fraction", "organic waste fraction treatment", "High pressure injection moulding", "HD-PE", "driven km", "product duration in possession", "identification and quantification", "Personal Computers", "functional unit equivalence", "Material comparisons", "functional unit specification", "floor type", "area cleaned", "cleanliness specification", "extent of function provided", "car", "average lifetime", "Product Perception", "User Acceptance", "Equivalence", "Migration", "Taste Preservation", "Gas Permeability", "Shelf Life", "Quantified Product Specification", "Technology Routes", "Polyamide 6.6 from crude oil via classical chemical route", "Molar weight", "Polyamide 6.6 from corn stalks via combined biotechnological / chemical route", "Product Properties", "Direct Human Impacts", "Interventions with Ecosphere", "toxic compounds limits", "toxic compounds ban", "product market positioning", "comfort", "image", "aesthetic aspects", "Paint A", "solvent-based", "requires two applications", "requires re-paint after 5 years", "Paint B", "water-based", "drip-free", "requires only one application", "lasts 10 years", "functional unit determination", "Technical Understanding", "Ageing", "thermal conductivity", "standards on thermal conductivity", "insulation materials for exterior house walls", "opacity measurement", "standards on opacity measurement", "wall paint", "opacity", "standard appropriateness", "re-painting", "Product Specification", "Qualitative properties", "Mass-flow averaged emissions data", "Standardised measurement protocols", "Entire cycle coverage", "Start/shut-down cycles", "Actual energy consumption", "Stainless Steel Hot Rolled Coil production", "detailed product name and characteristics", "Electric Arc Furnace route", "Stainless Steel Hot Rolled", "Grade 304 Austenitic", "Quantification", "additive/parallel functions", "multiple functional units", "parameterised data sets", "highly variable functions", "multiple functions", "systems with alternative functions", "alternative functional units", "Typical Use Profile", "Technical Lifetime", "Truck bulk transport; Euro 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 transport mix; 22 t total weight, 17.3 t max payload", "90 % load factor", "1 t*km", "co-services", "waste composition", "load factors", "road types", "technical functions", "non-technical functions", "personal entertainment", "duration of personal time", "Duration of Leisure Time", "Leisure-oriented goods and services", "Entertainment", "Life-style analysis", "Duration of filling leisure time with entertainment", "Function provided", "Function, functional unit, alternatives and reference flows", "rendering systems comparable", "Changes over time due to product ageing", "Obligatory and positioning properties", "ISO or national harmonised standards", "LCA context", "main technical specification", "clearly specified", "documented", "Functionally Relevant Technical Specification", "decision-context of the LCI/LCA study", "Attributional life cycle model", "Consequential life cycle model", "Specific electricity imports and exports", "Average or generic data", "Change-oriented modelling", "Decision-based modelling", "Market-based modelling", "Supply contracts", "policy measures", "Descriptive", "Historical and fact-based data", "marginal processes identification", "green taxes", "material bans", "market displacement", "Chlorine Gas", "Hydrogen Gas", "energy carriers", "Steam", "producer-specific LCI data", "Austrian consumption mix", "hydro-power", "single reference flow", "separate reference flow per co-function", "required co-function", "complex goods and services", "Allocation of black-box unit processes", "Result distortions", "multifunctional black box unit processes", "Solving multifunctionality of processes", "mono-functional processes", "Product 1", "reviewability", "foreground-system internal interrelations", "methodological clarifications", "synergies", "allocation of synergies", "steam consuming process", "steam generating process", "Resources Input products", "Blast furnace slag", "Steelmaking", "Cement making", "Portland cement", "Primary aggregates", "avoided burden method", "Missing Functions", "Negative Emission", "BOF slag", "Avoided Portland cement production", "Recycling operations", "Production scaling", "Market capacity", "Co-function production", "Alternative process displacement", "rice grains", "rice straw", "cement replacement", "system reduction", "other grains", "staple fruits", "chemical relationship", "biological relationship", "Product A", "Product B", "Input products (goods and services)", "internal processing", "refinery gas", "refinery products", "price based allocation", "emission abatement technologies", "emission reduction technologies", "production cost", "environmental impact data", "ILCD provisions", "precision and robustness", "practicality", "cost-effectiveness", "short-term future", "mid-term future", "analysed changes", "product purchase decisions", "product design and development", "background system capacity", "polypropylene production", "polypropylene-based ball pens", "Substitution of short-term marginal", "heating and cooling systems", "short-term marginal effects", "context system", "Coffee Machine", "applicability and practicality", "wider function", "substituted amounts", "substituted and superseded function", "construction wood waste", "building inventory", "chipping", "secondary wood chips", "primary wood chips", "electricity from end-of-life product incineration", "closed-loop procedure", "closed-loop cases", "substitution systems", "Multifunctionality in multi-waste treatment processes", "annex 14.4", "chapter 7.9.3", "comparative case", "recycled wood", "particleboard production", "market value correction", "modelling guidance", "alternative scenarios", "affected processes", "reasonably best cases", "analysis", "varying key data related assumptions", "Life times", "existing benefits outside the analysed system", "Co-product crediting", "Additional co-product", "Market superseding", "entire system life cycle", "ISO 14044:2006 chapter 4.3.4", "superseding", "part reuse", "product further use", "LCI modelling provisions for Situations A, B, and C", "remaining steps of the scope phase", "essentially identical across Situations A, B, and C", "life cycle model representation", "System boundary identification", "Heat generated by office equipment", "wood for heating", "Substitution of main function", "determining cofunction", "generic data accuracy", "best case scenarios", "worst case scenarios", "exchange with nature", "technosphere boundary definition", "land-filled end-of-life products", "single substances", "sulphuric acid leaching", "specific metals from tailings", "land-filled waste", "LCI/LCA Study Quality", "Maximum Permissible Uncertainty", "LCI Inventory", "Normal operation of processes", "Abnormal operation of processes", "Use-phase emissions to ecosphere", "Wastewater discharge", "Smoke emissions", "extraction and direct processing", "investment goods", "administration activities", "ISO/TR 14049", "supply-chain logic", "Accidents and accident-type leakages and spills", "Fugitive emissions through sealings and engineered losses", "Life Cycle Accident Assessment", "Life Cycle Working Environment approach", "Work-place exposure", "product and waste inputs and outputs", "specificity perspective", "management perspective", "specific technology", "producer-specific product study", "producer facilities processes", "upstream suppliers with specific relations", "market average supply data", "Material and part production", "Use stage processes", "Specific use scenarios", "Specific end-of-life treatment technologies", "Design-related properties", "Upgradability", "Tier-Two Supplier Processes", "Weighed average mix of economy", "Weighed future shift of economy", "General System Boundaries", "External Waste Management Services", "downstream supply-chain processes", "Own operations and fixed suppliers", "Purchased via market", "Quantitatively irrelevant flows", "In-house processes", "Supplier processes for made-to-order goods and services", "Foreground / background definitions", "Quantitative Cut-off Criteria", "product and waste flows", "Qualitative Definition of System Boundaries", "Producer/operator", "Direct control processes", "Process Chain", "Direct Control", "one-way packaging", "glass bottles", "transport to consumer", "life cycle of bottles", "Technical interaction", "Technical flow chart", "Melting furnace", "Glass forming", "Annealing", "Inspection & Testing", "Cullet crushing", "Packing", "Storage or shipping", "activity types", "Offsetting Measures", "Processes and Flows", "Total Impact Approximation", "Cut-off Documentation", "stochastic methods", "minimum required degree of completeness cut-off", "overall significance of differences", "data precision", "data quality components", "LCI work", "activities and processes", "Climate Change Potential", "normalised and weighted overall environmental impact", "process omission significance", "System boundaries and cut-off criteria", "Identifying to-be-included processes", "ecosphere boundary", "deviation or omission from flow requirements", "normal operation", "LCA study scope", "abnormal operation", "data on effects on related systems", "analysed product", "limited impact coverage", "Endpoint level impact assessment", "Carcinogens", "Ecotoxicity (freshwater, marine, terrestrial)", "Damage to ecosystem diversity", "Environmental mechanism (impact pathway)", "LCIA Chapter", "Gaps", "LCIA method data set documentation", "IPCC-based Factors", "system relevance assessment", "LCI/LCA study cutoff", "Chemical Similarity", "Physical Similarity", "Other impact categories", "Non-standard Impacts", "Scientific justification required", "characterisation step", "Formic acid", "water-solubility", "urea", "nitrogen-containing organic compound", "N-content", "Monetary Methods", "endpoint level damages", "ILCD System", "geographical reference", "Elementary Flow Inventory Per Capita", "Country/Region/Global Scope", "environmental significance", "Values in range 10-7 to 10-14", "Un-illustrative results", "Difficult for quick plausibility checks", "Country population size", "Variation in normalisation values", "endpoint level Areas of protection", "chosen country, region or global scope", "non-default impact category", "normative/subjective", "value assumptions", "initial scope phase", "initial scope definition", "evaluation level", "industry panels", "time-reference", "Freedom from value choices and assumptions", "Principally Restricted Assessments", "detailed complete studies", "system group specific guidance", "data quality assessment", "LCA frame", "Impact assessment category", "potential impacts on three areas of protection", "spatially or otherwise further differentiated or modified", "meet applicable requirements for selected LCIA methods", "Consistency between cut-off and interpretation", "non-generic methods", "Relevance for intended applications", "Year with latest available data", "Precision / uncertainty", "appropriateness", "technological perspective", "geographical perspective", "process data set", "technical relevance", "geographic relevance", "time-related relevance", "process step", "technical characteristics", "Technical Quality Silicon", "Chip-grade Silicon", "raw material bases", "route of synthesis", "abatement techniques", "internal recovery rates", "Process inputs", "Process outputs", "Different technologies", "process variability", "valid LCA", "material quality", "processing depth", "material treatment", "fillers", "curing agents", "product representativeness", "process representativeness", "market production mix data set", "producing technologies", "consumption mix data", "crude oil mix", "propylene production", "marginal technological mixes", "long-term marginal technological mixes", "technology mix of marginal processes", "market direction", "cost-competitiveness", "short-term and long-term mixes", "hydropower production", "market mix of technologies", "specific supplier technology", "attributional processes", "consequential processes", "Average vs. specific mode of operation", "not scalable in production", "consequential demand for electricity", "virtual shifting of electrons", "limited scalability", "nature protection", "limited scalability of hydropower", "legislative restrictions", "electricity procurement", "Process Mode of Operation", "long-term technology mix", "LCA work", "location representation", "Process location", "Technology type", "Geographical Location", "market related data set types", "supply mix", "geographical coverage", "Customer Segments", "Niche Market", "consumption mix", "Market Formation", "Product Safety", "Subsidies", "electricity market consumption mix", "French product use conditions", "geographical data differentiation", "supplier-data differentiation", "electrolytic raw copper", "European average origin", "European average consumption market data set", "marginal consumption market mix", "inventory data transfer", "European countries", "additional imports", "geographical context", "inventory representativeness", "market mix data", "production share of producing technologies", "waste water treatment process", "cloth washing", "treatment efficiency", "raw material route", "abatement technologies", "applied technologies", "electric toothbrush", "peak hours operation", "fridge", "continuous operation", "electric storage heater", "night time base load operation", "operational usage patterns", "process parameter settings", "Energy Conversion Technologies", "data set inventories", "time-specific models", "Emission to fresh water", "Sea Water Emissions", "Geographical Setting", "Local to Regional Scale Relevance", "Spatial Differentiation in Emissions", "Global Distribution Independent of Location", "suppliers' site specific data", "chapter 7.2.4", "simplified provisions for Situation A, B or C", "Best Available Technologies", "average technology", "IT sector", "Rapid technological progress", "Solar-electric systems sector", "Long-running production plants", "Power plants sector", "system data set", "actual time represented", "measurement", "expiry year", "Three-year revision cycle", "Product life-time", "data validity", "Intra-annual Variations", "Intra-day Variations", "Daytime/Nighttime Variation", "ecodesign of long-living products", "foreground scenarios", "Processes operated more than 5 years into the future or past", "forecasting data", "historical data", "Best Available Technology mix", "end-of-life product treatment", "technology-routes mix", "accuracy requirements", "future and past processes", "Life cycles of long-living products", "landfill interventions", "long-term future time-horizons", "Time-related representativeness of future processes", "Seasonal or diurnal representativeness", "identification of main types and sources of data", "normalisation data", "Completeness / Cut-off Criteria", "LCA data quality", "Future interventions", "Landfill emissions", "system level quality", "third party data sets", "generic processes", "inventory data needs and sources", "import/export statistics", "user behaviour data", "raw inventory data for foreground processes", "generic or average background LCI data sets", "use and end-of-life management data", "primary data suppliers", "secondary data providers", "Impact assessment models and factors", "Chapter 7.3", "Independent verification", "Data documentation", "Method Appropriateness", "assertive studies", "non-assertive studies", "minimum documentation scope", "assurance of claimed quality", "reduces review effort and costs", "mandatory for different types of deliverables", "Review and reporting", "LCA-based comparison of overall environmental impact", "superiority, inferiority or equality of alternatives", "assertive and non-assertive studies that compare alternatives", "comparative assertions in LCA", "stricter requirements for system comparison studies", "multi-system type study", "prioritization study", "system variants evaluation", "Considered alternatives", "application context", "accounting of progress over time", "Attributional Allocation", "product replacement", "technical life-time", "justified typical or average case", "stakeholder agreement", "fashion life-time", "mechanical integrity life time", "technical innovation life time", "cost of reuse vs. replace considerations", "technically equivalent model", "Aluminium alloy", "inventory correlation", "Product component inventory", "component application context", "mass and energy", "identical parts of compared systems", "Inventory and impact assessment", "significant aspects", "chapter 9.2", "chapter 7.2.2", "changes in specific parts of a product", "consequential scenarios", "attributional scenarios", "Most likely case scenario", "System properties", "Climate change relevant emissions", "reliability of data results", "Method approaches", "Comparative micro-level studies", "Modelling replacements over time", "repeating a service", "Type of Critical Review", "Independent Internal Review", "own review requirements", "review process knowledge", "Assumption scenarios and uncertainty calculation", "Methods, data and assumptions", "Review Type Selection", "what to analyse and how", "what has not been included in the study", "Environmental Management reports", "detailed project report", "internal level", "external level", "Third-party report", "report on comparisons", "chapter 10.3", "form of reporting", "statistical data", "Life Cycle Inventory calculation", "Obtaining complementary background data", "Multifunctionality solving", "subsystem", "cleaning and legal services", "operation of premises", "car starter battery weight", "battery mount", "wiring", "total car weight", "acceleration properties", "maintenance and repair processes", "aggressive cleaning agents", "whole building", "servicing process", "serviced good", "changes performance", "affects lifetime", "abrasion", "motor oil", "low friction", "battery variants", "mounts and other parts", "fuel use during use stage", "engine size", "Co-function Generated Waste", "Specific Emissions", "waste heat", "Context System Performance Modification", "heating operation", "co-function allocation", "waste heat treatment", "air conditioner", "context system operation", "installed machines", "analysed system operation", "context system planning", "building heating and cooling equipment capacity", "future data forecasting", "context system modelling", "system planning forecasting", "private home", "heating demand reduction", "air conditioning demand increase", "system planning", "Water-saving Shower Head", "Lower Water Flow", "Comparability of Car Variants", "Waste Service Provider", "attribution", "Production of goods and provision of services", "downstream life cycle", "flow-chart type diagram", "calculating results", "Equipment", "Human Work", "Calories", "LPPE polymer", "N-P-K fertiliser", "wheat plants", "stainless steel parts", "complex product", "identifying relevant processes", "chlorinated benzenes", "reactor", "Level 1 – physical embodiment in the good", "goods that physically end up in the analysed good", "floor cleaning process", "paint shop", "central process or system", "guarding", "legal services", "Glass cleaning", "Level 0", "Indirect processes", "form oil", "truck operation", "grease", "lamp operation", "lamp-holder", "lamp", "fixings", "light bulb packaging", "light", "product assembly", "hall", "Manufacturing line", "vacuum cleaner", "chlorinated benzene production", "Injection Moulding Machine", "Fertiliser Distribution", "Tractors", "Pesticide Distribution", "R&D", "Business Trips", "construction and demolishing", "plant production and maintenance", "wind-power plant", "system guidance documents", "systematic check", "Part-system", "suppliers of a specific product supply-chain", "forecasted consequences of decisions", "processes operated as reaction to named decision", "cost-effectively provide the required function", "iterative steps", "primary consequences", "Market Supply and Demand", "Indirect Changes", "Direct Changes", "generic or average background data sets", "consequential life cycle", "identification of operated or displaced processes", "economy's elasticity", "market-price changes", "partial-equilibrium modelling", "market consumption mix of processes / systems", "additional / reduced capacity affected processes / systems", "LCI model of extra supply and demand", "short-term marginal systems", "Market direction change", "Additional capacity affected processes", "avoided waste treatment", "Using system", "Down-cycling", "marginal mix", "substitution of mix of long-term marginal processes", "secondary consequences and constraints", "purification", "increased demand for co-function", "market-price reduction", "increased recycling rates", "substitution offset", "higher market price", "increased process efficiency", "limited mobility of co-product heat", "co-product heat", "biofuel crop productivity", "biofuel market price", "competing product demand", "traffic management", "secondary consequence consideration", "Increased general consumption by consumers due to reduced price", "Reduced worker salary in supply-chain", "Goal setting", "System constraints", "Co-product heat mobility constraint", "Market Shift", "Market Competitiveness", "market forecasting", "market dynamics", "impact uncertainty", "Back-fire effects", "Offsetting effects", "Ripple effects", "co-produced material X", "production of material Y", "production route Xa", "co-product pricing effects", "material U", "material Z", "Higher impacts in rising markets", "Lower impacts in falling markets", "Environmental performance extremes", "Market growth or decline", "Analysis outcome", "Market complexity", "Market imperfections", "Monopolies", "capacity change", "market installation and decommissioning", "Process Mix Selection", "Net Effect", "average displacement rate", "life time of capital equipment", "commodity", "energy-storage in batteries", "solar energy capturing in thin film solar panels", "solder paste", "Steel plants", "Ore/scrap routes", "attributional modelling of the main system", "strongly declining market", "least cost-competitive systems", "market uncertainty", "cost competitiveness determination", "displaced crop production", "yield improvement", "Crop-based Biofuel Production", "multifunctional joint process", "multi-waste incineration", "combined transport of different goods", "NaOH and Cl2 production by electrolysis of NaCl", "wheat grains and wheat straw production", "recycled polymer", "shortened fibres", "reduced mechanical performance", "primary polymer", "Recycled Metal Bar", "Primary Metal Production", "Higher product price", "Long-term supply contracts", "Marginal product assumption", "High transport costs", "Product mobility", "Political binding targets", "Co-products of joint production", "Supplier choice", "effective marginal process", "achieved accuracy", "background system model solution", "Stepwise identification of the mix of superseded processes / systems", "annual supply", "egg-laying chicken production", "silver mine", "alternative production pathway", "market consequence", "Market situation and cost-competitiveness", "life time in years", "growing, stable, or slightly declining market", "rebound", "dependent co-function", "superseding process", "substituted process", "superseded process inventory", "process exclusion justification", "interim treatment steps", "joint process of the secondary good", "secondary metal bar", "valuable co-function", "actually achieved recyclability accounting for all losses", "distinctly different properties from primary plastics", "alternative supply modeling", "LCA planning", "Scope settings", "product/technology developer", "goods producer", "service operator", "Process Steam", "On-site Steam Producers", "New Production Technology", "country/market technology average data", "generic background LCI sets", "flexible processing machines", "LCI data requirements", "process steam demand", "Yield variability among years", "Nitrogen surplus variability", "Nitrogen surplus", "Pesticide application variability", "Industrial plants", "Load variability among years", "Raw material import-mix variability", "Specific producer data", "Greater variability than market mix data", "data source selection", "other data", "data collection effort", "data relevance", "operators of processes", "operators of services", "consultants", "research groups", "process relevance", "strong inter-annual variations", "annual average data", "models applied in the system", "assumptions made when setting up the system", "appropriate documentation", "technology models", "interconnected single-operation unit processes", "background databases", "bulk goods transport", "market mix of bulk goods transport", "averaging", "generic process data", "technology in general", "raw data collection", "data availability and quality", "cause difficulties to review", "Input and Output Flows Collection", "subdivided process chains", "single contributors", "data planning", "included unit processes", "Mono-functional", "Assembly Hall", "Lighting", "Ammonia production", "Melamine production", "Carbon dioxide co-product separation and compression", "Urea production", "split", "partial splitting of processes", "Nominal power uptake", "running time", "Chemical reactor", "Chlorine emissions", "main contributor unit processes", "quantitative inner relationships between non-functional flows and co-functions", "Process Description", "input side", "Product Amount", "Function Specification", "Process Metadata", "input side flows", "material and energy resources", "output side flows", "quantitative reference", "measurements directly performed on the process", "Specific data collection", "tailored questionnaires", "process or plant level consumption data", "emission measurements", "waste directly discarded into the environment", "Initial Waste Management", "process engineering models", "BAT reference documents", "Energy-using Products", "principle list of relevant flows", "processing level", "efficiency ratios", "stoichiometric limits", "ranges of existing technologies", "Legal limits", "Data collection sheets", "Flow charts", "Data and information types", "Element composition and energy content", "recipes", "patents", "process specifications", "testing reports", "Data collection forms", "linear relationship to function amount", "function amount influences scale situation", "market size", "reference flow properties", "function of the process", "Reference Amount", "Full cycle of the process", "Start and closure activities", "Stand-by times", "Special operation conditions", "load-dependent yield", "load-dependent consumption of consumables", "input-composition dependent emissions", "yield-dependent consumption of products", "collection and recycling rates", "Flow inclusion", "Regulated emissions", "Plausibility check", "LCIA relevance", "preparation of the work", "performing the service", "after-service activities", "operating plants", "functional output", "unit process form", "formula-based representation", "Flow Selection", "Japan Legal Limits", "Environmental Legislation", "EU Legal Limits", "operational cycle of the process", "measured data of operated processes", "sufficient number of samples", "technical parameters", "management parameters", "products produced", "annual account figures", "goods or services provided", "electrical equipment", "maximum power consumption", "concentration measurements", "concentrations", "Decimal separator errors", "Imperial system", "SI", "data invalidity", "Documentation of calculation steps", "raw data conversion", "unit process information", "Data treatment", "Unit conversion", "Confidentiality", "chemical element balances", "cost balances", "Data set quality criteria", "reasonably worst case flows", "missing data identification", "lead-zinc-ore roasting process", "Arsenic", "completeness criteria", "final aggregation level", "Complete Life Cycle System", "Consumed Goods and Services", "Data Completeness Assessment", "Overall Environmental Impact Coverage", "Unit Process Completion", "Main Contributing Goods and Services", "internal quality control report", "missing information", "calculation from other known information", "using information from similar processes", "qualified estimates", "technical understanding of process", "Basic Adjustment", "Electricity Background Data Replacement", "Systematic Case-Wise Adjustment", "Carbon content", "Stoichiometric calculation", "Stoichiometrical factor", "expert estimates", "particle size information", "PM < 0.2 μm", "worst case assumption", "PM 2 to 10 μm", "reasonable case assumption", "ore roasting", "PM", "quantitative impact assessment", "Lead emission to air", "Conservative assumptions", "Robustness evaluation", "unit process inventory item", "Uncertain emission data", "Available information", "Interpretation of data gaps", "Automated inventory use", "Inventory complexity", "Highly uncertain data", "Certain data", "Life Cycle Inventory completeness", "classification information can be missing", "quantitative information", "missing important", "missing unimportant", "Flow Relevance Approximation", "Data Accuracy Quantitative Calculation", "Inventory Flow Documentation", "type", "amount", "management and treatment", "flow relevance", "system data", "Flow identification and inventorying", "conservative value derivation", "data gap reporting", "Discrepancy follow-up", "Quality control report", "correlation with complete data", "Data Gap Assessment", "Missing qualitative information for a unit process inventory item", "conservative estimate", "site or company level values", "elementary flow types", "supply-chain data integration", "Data Network", "classification missing important", "Flow differentiation", "CO2 uptake", "CO2 storage", "characterisation factor provision", "Sum indicators", "Measurement indicators", "solid fuel incineration", "steel blast furnace refinery", "diesel motor", "Technology processes", "LCIA-wise homogeneity", "Carbon monoxide emissions", "Diesel engine off-gas", "Emission profiles", "Process operation condition", "LCIA impact factor", "high impact", "individual substances", "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents", "individual species inventory preferred", "No characterisation factors", "ILCD nomenclature", "inventoried as constituent ions", "Cadmium chloride", "behave as separate ions when released to environment", "substance flow group", "measured flows", "measured substances", "measured indicator", "measurement indicator flows", "substance group elementary flows", "permissible measurement indicator exceptions", "2,3,7,8-TCDD human toxicity equivalents", "solubility in water at 20°C", "Water-soluble", "Elementary Flows with Additive/Serial Action Schemes", "Particles (<2.5 μm)", "cancer potential", "elementary flow splitting", "Particle Size", "Lung Access and Uptake", "Water Insoluble Particulate Matter", "10 μm threshold", "Elementary flows of environmentally relevant components", "Particulate Matter threshold requirements", "Eutrophication effect", "complementary, alternative action schemes", "Human toxicity effect (inorganic respiratory effect)", "Eutrophication effect on land and water bodies", "Non-renewable energy resource elementary flows", "NO2 to air", "LCI practice", "primary deposit", "secondary deposit", "tertiary deposit", "open pit mining", "underground mining", "resource-depletion impact assessment", "Tar sand", "Non-energetic resources", "water-free substance measurement", "Metal Ore Elementary Flows", "Lead-zinc Ore", "Anhydrite-containing Rock", "Metal Elementary Flows", "Specificity", "Lead-zinc ore mining process", "Lead-zinc ore; 1.2% Pb, 2.3% Zn", "leached emissions", "Nitrate losses to water", "CO2 uptake and release", "Fossil and biological differentiation", "Methane release", "Water source variability", "Emission in liquid form", "lost for other uses", "water use in hydropower stations", "Water extraction", "dam systems", "ecosystem-connectivity", "water quality changes", "water quality assessment", "emissions of heat to water", "Crude oil, secondary extraction", "energy content in Lower calorific value", "Hard coal, underground", "energy/mass relationship", "usable heat delivered by solar cells", "chemical elements", "Land use and transformation related CO2 emissions from biomass and litter", "virgin forests and soil, peat", "land management process", "Long-living Bio-based Goods", "measurable", "discounting of future impacts", "Long-term emissions inventory differentiation", "Emissions to water, unspecified (long-term)", "Landfill operation", "LCIA impact assessment", "Separate LCIA results", "Post closure leachate treatment", "CO2 uptake from atmosphere", "Fossil CO2 release", "Biogenic CO2 release", "Temporary CO2 removal", "CO2 incorporation into long-living bio-based products", "CO2 underground storage", "time discounting of emissions", "CO2 uptake by plants", "GWP 100 years", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports", "CO2 removal from atmosphere", "Correction flow for delayed emission of fossil carbon dioxide (within first 100 years)", "Mass*years", "kg*a", "emissions within next 100 years", "End-of-life of building", "Correction flow for delayed emission of biogenic carbon dioxide", "Wood beams", "Resources from air", "time of emission", "amount of emission", "indefinite perspective", "Carbon storage loss", "temporal CO2 storage", "landfilled bio-based materials", "CO2 temporary storage flow", "biogenic wood", "benefit to both systems", "emissions inventory", "multiplied by half of assumed life time years", "delayed emission", "maximum correction flow of 100 kg*a per kg", "maximum 100 kg*a per kg delayed emission", "inventoried only if emission within 100 years", "long-term emission elementary flows", "Carbon dioxide, biogenic (long-term)", "temporary storage", "negative values", "delayed substitution", "100 years maximum accountable storage", "CO2-removal", "100 years storage duration", "CO2 Emissions (0-100 years)", "Normal CO2 Emissions", "Future Elementary Flows", "embodied biogenic carbon", "biogenic or fossil origin", "temporary carbon storage in bio-based goods", "delayed emission as CO2 or CH4", "delayed fossil emissions", "Carbon dioxide (unspecified)", "Methane (unspecified)", "Long-term emissions to water", "Long-term emissions to soil", "GWP100 impact factor of -0.01 kg CO2equivalents per 1 kg CO2 and 1 year of storage", "Correction flow for delayed emission of biogenic methane (within first 100 years)", "GWP100 impact factor of -0.25", "100 years perspective", "0.01", "25", "298", "timing of emissions", "negative Climate Change impact", "positive net impact", "maximum 100 years", "future emissions", "Correction flow for delayed emission of nitrous oxide", "Delayed reuse/recycling/recovery", "Biogenic Methane", "Fossil Methane", "Methane uptake", "long-term storage forms", "dedicated long-term storage", "long-term storage", "no emissions to atmosphere", "waste inventory flow", "long-term storage documentation", "Future Reuse", "does not carry LCIA impact factors", "not connected with upstream or downstream processes", "split measurement indicators", "sum flows", "not impact relevant", "model-based approaches for data collection", "Forestry production systems", "Flow classification", "Electricity, reminder flow", "VOC, reminder flow, not impact relevant", "Phosphate Fertiliser", "Ammonium nitrate fertiliser", "run-off", "fertilisation", "next crop", "preceding crop", "co-functions in crop production", "Forest", "High Soil Organic Carbon", "Low Soil Organic Carbon", "soil organic carbon level", "equilibrium", "Primary sector", "Fertilizer applications", "Forest Biomass Incineration", "Soil Organic Carbon Biodegradation", "land transformation related inventory", "Climate Zone", "soil organic carbon equilibrium", "machine use during conversion", "biomass burning", "peak emissions", "land use function inventory assignment", "soil organic carbon binding", "20 years default period", "occupation duration", "triangle-shaped allocation pattern", "inventory allocation", "harvest", "crop harvest", "production inventory", "Land use allocation", "Reuse/further use allocation", "Land Use Inventory", "CO2 Losses and Bindings", "Final Crop Harvesting", "Half Total Period Timing", "Land Occupation Duration", "Multiple crops per year", "Land use function after considered period", "Final crop allocation", "annual crop", "Final crop", "natural goods from converted land", "Shared per Function over 20 Years", "Sub-annual Crops", "Bi-annual Crops", "Reuse of Land", "Emissions in year 0", "Linear allocation over multiple years", "Triangular allocation", "Peak inventory equivalent to production inventory", "Operational emission", "Other emissions resulting from land use and land transformation", "plantation cycle", "land use duration", "slash-and-burn agriculture", "3 years use duration", "30 years cycle", "Leaching losses", "XY leaching losses", "tropical forest", "bananas", "manioc", "cassava", "90% occurrence over 3 years", "cropping process", "surface erosion", "surface erosion by wind", "NO3-", "PO4 3-", "agro- and forestry systems", "Net interventions", "Human land management activities", "Nitrogen input", "No use reference system", "Model site", "Agrochemicals", "nutrient system", "soil-bound", "Persistent Organic Pollutants", "Emissions to soil, unspecified", "Machine Use", "Land Use Functions", "Inventory Assignment", "CO2 inventory", "data, tables, factors and formula", "CO2 emissions from loss of soil organic carbon", "used/occupied land area", "duration of cropping", "erosive losses", "CO2 binding", "CO2 loss", "first harvest", "single crop harvesting", "inventory allocation per unit mass", "linear inventory allocation", "land use function occurring after assessment period", "crops harvested later", "Formula 1", "emission allocation to crops", "Formula 2", "non-default allocation period", "90% occurrence within 20 years", "crop allocation period", "soil carbon inventory", "crop year allocation", "plantation establishment", "first functional output after transformation", "multi-year crop cycles with co-products", "occurs at half the total production period", "land use shorter than one year", "linear sharing of inventory based on duration", "percentage per year", "crop transformation", "multi-year timeframe", "non-equilibrium emissions", "harvested primary forest wood", "natural goods usage", "crop cultivation", "Other emissions that occur over a longer period than one year after transformation", "inventory share", "highly radioactive", "medium radioactive", "low radioactive", "Carbon dioxide removal and release", "waste management models", "tailings from ore processing", "sulphuric acid emissions", "Emissions to Soil Water and Air", "Littered Goods", "emission elementary flows", "littered good information", "littered good behaviour", "physical effects on wildlife", "ionising radiation activity", "radioactive isotopes", "unit groups", "Disposal to Landfills", "Landfill sites", "Discarding Goods into Nature", "Littered or Landfilled Good", "Material Flow Logic", "waste management process", "flow properties and units", "nomenclature and classification", "Chemical substances", "CAS No.", "compartments", "ILCD elementary flow categories", "Elementary flow compartments", "typical characteristics", "representative characteristics", "LCI data types", "represents single process or system", "contains measured data only", "combines multiple specific data sets", "specific data sets", "Represents typical variant of process", "Represents average situation for process", "Multiple technology variants", "independent external review process", "independently reviewed", "process averaging", "Systems averaging", "Blast Oven Furnace process", "cradle-to-gate inventory", "cradle-to-grave inventory", "BOF process", "production mix", "weighted by output", "production mix plus imports minus exports", "imports", "weighted consumption mix", "export mix", "import mix", "goods", "money flow", "average BOF steel product data sets", "average BOF process", "Market share", "Production site data", "Technology data", "Country-specific data", "scaling all processes", "Matrix approach", "matrix tools", "process-chain tools", "Background process selection", "Unconnected product and waste flows", "Process-flow approach", "mixer-processes", "Complete system model", "parameter values", "estimate data sets", "initial data gaps", "missing specific processes", "group of similar processes", "average data sets of similar processes", "correlation with complete process data sets", "consistent data for filling data gaps", "yield multiple products", "service multiple inputs", "omissions", "Multiple Systems", "secondary resources", "impacts associated with secondary goods", "shared processes", "ISO-LCA", "NaOH solution", "Cl2", "H2", "electrolysis", "Unit processes with single functional output", "Mechanical Parts", "Multifunctional single operation unit processes", "flow allocation", "Causality", "Physical properties", "determining multiple properties", "input products", "co-produced goods", "round wood", "sawmill", "beams", "planks", "slabs", "sawdust", "Component", "Truck", "Polymer Input Flow", "Moulded Part", "Multiple Production Line", "Product Flow Assignment", "Cutting process", "Tiles", "Gravel cuttings", "Mining chemicals", "Gold extraction", "Gold-ore mining", "Gold-ore grinding", "Rocks", "granite tiles", "granite mining", "granite gravel", "transport of raw blocks", "cutting of blocks", "granite tiles production", "allocation by function", "gold production", "Transport time", "Co-transport", "Co-transported goods weight", "Transport service allocation", "Co-transported goods volume", "Duration and mass", "Duration and volume", "pieces", "duration of assembly", "service input flows", "hall structure", "Assembly line", "Storage hall", "Freezer", "enthalpy", "natural gas flow", "Allocation of service inputs to co-produced goods", "ammonia co-product", "Parallel services", "Serial services", "storage facilities", "transport equipment", "manufacturing halls", "Haber-Bosch-Synthesis", "physical characteristic", "service intensity", "co-product characteristics", "Subdividable into separate measurements", "co-servicing", "Total starting weight", "Passenger mass", "Freight mass", "Aerodynamics", "Fuel-related inventory", "time or distance AND weight of passengers", "time (duration) of shelf-life AND mass or volume of good", "time (duration) of use AND volume of good OR area occupied by the good", "Transport and communication on infrastructure", "time (duration) AND intensity OR bandwidth of use", "Temporarily unused land", "1st product system", "Restoration activities", "Service inputs", "processing machines", "mass volume length of produced good", "Chemical conversion and waste processing", "Recycling, energy-recovery, reuse", "corporate marketing", "share of product's value in corporate turnover", "person time (duration) of training", "relative contribution", "mixed cropping", "comparisons of multifunctional products", "allocation for multifunctional processes", "grain transport", "grain cleaning", "grain storage", "combined power plant", "heat delivery", "waste fee adjusted market value", "Volume of goods", "Truck capacity allocation", "Mass of goods", "Additional weight of carried goods", "Cadmium in flue gas", "Cadmium content", "Allocation of cadmium emissions", "wheat grains", "wheat cropping", "wheat straw", "tractor fuel consumption", "occupied land", "co-transport of goods by truck", "fuel consumption and emissions", "weight of goods", "recovered heat", "co-incineration", "N-content of waste materials", "dioxin emissions", "chlorine sources", "co-production of products from waste", "buildings and other three-dimensional infrastructure", "volume of good OR area occupied by the good", "Storage and other functions provided by places and other two-dimensional infrastructure", "Transport and communication on roads, railways, pipes, cables, and other one-dimensional infrastructure", "time (duration)", "intensity (e.g. road wearing impact by vehicles of different weight) OR bandwidth of use", "NOx from nitrogen in incinerated fuel", "spontaneous NOx in incineration", "consumption of auxiliary materials", "area or volume", "heat capacity", "share of product value", "share of product addressed", "mass or volume of transported good", "Cost Charged", "allocation step", "point of process exit", "Two-step procedure for multifunctional products", "number of items", "allocation of waste inputs", "Quantitative Flow Diagram", "postconsumer packaging waste", "Pre-treatment", "Waste with negative market value", "market value criterion", "process step producing valuable product", "LCI of final waste management", "discarded material", "LCI effort", "initial production", "production chain", "minimum required quality", "LDPE incineration", "LDPE production", "Co-products and Wastes", "disaggregated LCI data", "Location type", "sub-assemblies", "PDF*m2*a", "characterized indicator results", "Nomenclature and other provisions", "elementary flow reporting", "Combined ores", "resource depletion factors", "overarching methodological issues", "requires compound inventory", "Composed emissions", "Emissions to lakes", "Individual substances emitted", "Specific substances emitted", "scope step", "inventory work", "user-created flows", "Emissions to sub-compartments", "Emissions to parent compartment", "Nitrate as Emissions to lakes", "impact factor for Nitrate as Emissions to freshwater", "Unspecified emissions", "composition estimation", "default break-down tables", "process-specific worst-case assumptions", "comparative assertion disclosure", "numerical weighting", "kg CO2equivalents per kg elementary flow", "LCIA indicator results", "non-generic characterisation factors", "non-linear relationships", "manual classification", "Natural environment damage", "LCIA Interpretation", "All impact categories", "LCI/LCA results analysis", "Quality Checks", "Scenario Modelling and Analysis", "Cut-off decisions", "Final Evaluation", "Reliability and Robustness Assessment", "System Model Completion", "Inventory consistency", "modeled impacts", "Unit process development", "environmental flows", "calorific value", "production value", "Legal provisions", "Emissions reporting", "Process understanding", "Metal sheet", "Furniture manufacturing", "sheets", "construction steel", "minimum quality threshold for inventory reporting", "life cycle inventory approximation", "data quality prioritization", "Inventory analysis reporting", "High Quality Data", "Fuel oil heating XY", "unit process energy", "lower or upper calorific values", "fuel oil heating process", "scrap melting process", "waste incineration process", "economy wide inventory data", "industry sector wide inventory data", "sector and economy wide data", "single products' inventory data sets", "Process Step Analysis", "Process Step Completeness", "Product Life Cycle Model Completeness", "Economy-wide models", "Sector-wide models", "Process-based inventory data sets", "Economic relationships among sectors", "Impact allocation across products", "Data distortions", "Incomplete data from subset of companies", "Negligible processes", "cut-off procedure", "Quality assessment", "Completeness of environmental impact", "completeness approximation", "low quality data share", "reduced approximation precision", "cut-off definition", "significant processes", "significant flows", "Interpretation step", "LCI Modelling Framework Selection", "Interpretation Approach Selection", "LCI data identification", "Key Issues", "weighting level", "Weighting methods", "larger uncertainty", "iteration loops", "key data", "high sensitivity or significance", "Overall Results", "Accuracy and Precision of Overall Results", "High Priority", "Sensitivity of Significant Issues", "Strength of Conclusions", "Conclusions, limitations, and recommendations", "Sensitivity of modelling choices and assumptions", "Improve robustness of sensitive issues", "Inventory data issues", "Impact assessment issues", "LCIA elements", "Relevance of inconsistencies", "Area-of-Protection Representativeness", "Precision of Impact Factors", "Evaluation of completeness, sensitivity and consistency", "Drawing conclusions", "Cut-off settings", "Machine Cleaning", "Manual Cleaning", "Water Temperature", "Water Exchange Frequency", "Running Water Rinsing", "completeness of elementary flows", "system comparability", "comparison validity", "ecodesign indicators", "user behavior improvement", "product internal comparisons", "comparability assessment", "direct decision support", "Reuse/recycling credits", "Interpretation conclusions", "System's perspective analysis", "Interventions within first 100 years", "quantified effects", "consistency in compared systems", "significant findings", "basket-of-products", "Comparisons of systems with dominant subjective preference", "form and levels depend on deliverable type", "form and levels depend on study purpose", "form and levels depend on target audience", "Data transparency", "Limitations documentation", "project details", "process followed", "approaches and methods applied", "results produced", "overall quality of results", "LCA-derived information", "misinterpretation risk", "goal and scope documentation", "application fields", "complete and unbiased reporting", "Three levels of reporting requirements", "transparency of results", "transparency of methods", "transparency of assumptions", "transparency of limitations", "technical detail reporting", "Internal Report", "Background Documents", "data collection procedures", "non-technical audience", "LCI chapter", "System Flow Diagram", "Scope Chapter", "damage level results", "Scope of the study", "LCI data appropriateness", "data verification", "intermediate chemicals consumption", "Reporting method", "results and methodologies", "Data collection template", "Raw data", "ILCD report template", "Internal LCA Reports", "Documentation of results and conclusions", "raw data level", "Communication to third parties", "General aspects", "Reports for internal use", "document results and conclusions of the LCA in a complete, accurate and unbiased way", "relative expressions", "safety margins", "Reporting Provisions", "mass cut-off criteria", "energy cut-off criteria", "environmental cut-off criteria", "performance characteristics", "consistency with goal and scope", "definition", "result of performance measurement", "types of inputs and outputs of the system as elementary flows", "Impact Category Grouping", "LCIA scope settings", "Data validation", "treatment of missing data", "substitution procedures", "Evaluation of Significance of Differences", "Grouping of impact indicators", "comparative studies reporting", "data precision assessment", "LCIA completeness evaluation", "LCIA procedures", "substitution or allocation procedures", "eligible reviewers", "Critical review document", "ILCD data quality indicators", "Quality Characteristics", "CO2 emissions to air", "SO2 emissions to air", "NO3 - emissions to water", "Limited Appropriateness", "System Level Representativeness", "Country Mix", "Data Variability", "bias", "data variance", "average transport data set", "impact categories coverage", "inventoried flows", "Validity", "technological appropriateness", "geographical appropriateness", "time-related appropriateness", "Data and Structural Gaps", "Structural Assumptions", "Precision and Accuracy", "Quantitative Stochastic Inventory Data Uncertainty", "System Comparison Significance", "accuracy assessment", "normalisation sets", "data set usability", "result quality", "maximum 25% variance on inventory data", "slow technological change", "IT products", "data age", "90% cut-off criterion", "±10% LCIA results uncertainty", "85% to 95% criterion satisfaction", "Fair data quality", "inventory values", "Quality Indicators", "Quality Components", "Data Quality Rating", "calculated from quality components", "weakest quality level", "overall quality level", "Table 7", "overall data quality rating <= 1.6", "overall data quality rating > 3 to 4", "overall quality", "compliance aspects", "Correctness of applied review scope", "Correctness of applied review methods", "Correctness of the review documentation", "Appropriateness of documentation extent", "LCA Document", "data set format", "documentation of review findings", "Method Application of LCI modelling and method provisions", "soil carbon content", "soil organic carbon stock", "initial land use", "final land use", "IPCC reports", "Native soil carbon stock", "climate region", "land use factor", "management factor", "temperature regime", "moisture regime", "cropland management", "grassland management", "Input Level Factor", "Long-term cultivated", "soil carbon stock difference", "NA", "reference values", "nominal practices", "error range", "small sample sizes", "Land management and input level factors", "CO2 emissions calculation", "Cropland", "Land Management Factor", "Full tillage", "Reduced tillage", "No tillage", "Grassland", "Land-use management", "Input level", "Temperate/Boreal", "Tropical", "Tropical Montane", "Carbon stocks", "Set-aside land", "Moisture Regime of UK: Moist", "Naming of flows and processes", "Consistency of units", "Terminology", "Use of technical terms", "carbon stock of 5.1 tonnes Carbon per ha", "18.7 tonnes CO2 emissions per ha over 20 years", "Native forest", "Long-term cultivated land", "1", "Input factor", "Machine operation", "Land Use Factor 0.82", "Land Use Factor 0.69", "Land Management Factor 1.00", "High input without manure", "Input Factor 1.11", "High activity clay soils", "Soil Organic Carbon 95 t/ha", "Carbon stock loss", "Annual CO2 emissions", "Reduced tillage low input", "net carbon storage", "Permanent grassland", "Full tillage with manure", "Reused or further used part or good", "Multi-waste Treatment", "Formula 4", "Formula 5", "Initial Soil Organic Carbon Stock", "Final Soil Organic Carbon Stock", "Formula 6", "Reprocessing of production waste", "Regeneration of nuclear fuels", "Restoration of buildings", "Refitting of parts", "Allocation hierarchy", "Goal-oriented application of the ISO hierarchy", "Number of subsequent uses", "System generating waste", "System using secondary good", "Avoided production", "joint process identification", "round wood production", "first life cycle", "second life cycle", "fibre production", "papermaking", "paper use", "round-wood production", "round-wood logs", "Flow injection moulding process", "Recycled high-density polyethylene", "Internal production waste recycling", "incineration of post-consumer plastic waste", "aluminium keg refilling", "Part production & Assembly", "Xj", "Xa", "refillable 5 l aluminium kegs", "beer packaging", "keg reuse", "newly produced kegs", "returned kegs", "keg refill", "primary aluminium bar", "aluminium scrap", "Xc", "Process-internal recycling", "Recycling inventory", "secondary good used in different systems", "Part production", "steel cans recycling to steel cans", "steel cans recycling to tailored blanks", "secondary steel", "primary steel", "ILCD two-step allocation procedure", "market value of waste or end-of-life product", "Recycling/pre-treatment", "Secondary product use", "Primary production route substitution", "Different primary route", "Two-step procedure", "Use2", "Disposal1", "Use1", "Assembly1", "Extraction1", "Assembly2", "Quality Losses", "total amount of uses after recycling", "primary amount", "inventory averaging", "recycling cycle", "new product", "secondary good market shares", "recycling losses", "secondary good recovery", "Primary Material", "Material Loss", "Total Material Use", "Primary Use", "Final waste processing", "Total Amount of Use", "total inventory", "manufacture of products", "recycled material production", "Secondary resource provision", "Beverage delivery", "Aluminium can production", "Scrap provision", "Aluminium grade production", "Can transportation and manufacturing", "Co-function: Carry and Protect Beverage", "Co-function: Aluminium Scrap as Secondary Resource", "correction factor", "market price ratio of secondary/primary material", "dismantling", "market value of waste", "incineration without energy recovery", "waste treatment inventory", "first system", "first system responsibility", "treatment burden", "Secondary Good Production", "Market Value Threshold", "Pre-treated waste / EoL product", "2nd product system", "end-of-life recycling", "Recycling in consequential modelling", "secondary good quality reduction", "primary production substitution", "primary-produced material X", "assembly and use stage", "recycling-processes-only inventory", "Product Reuse", "Remaining Lifetime Credit", "secondary material X", "avoided disposal", "useful life", "first use", "second use", "cleaning activities", "table production", "avoided production of alternative filler", "open-loop system", "per year of useful life", "lower quality than primary route", "percentage of primary good recoverable in secondary goods", "rejection during recycling processing", "superseded product", "functional equivalent", "use phase allocation", "full cycle", "multiple uses allocation", "waste collection", "climate change impact discounting", "Secondary Material Properties", "Reduced Stiffness", "changed properties", "Down-cycled Secondary Material", "Lower Stiffness", "Purification Steps", "Recovered Solvents", "Special Technologies", "Secondary good replacement capability", "Fibre shortening", "Greyish colour and reduced processing properties", "Recyclability scenarios", "incinerated plastic waste", "Recycled Polymer Granulate", "0.28 kWh", "100% credit", "primary PP replacement", "0.15 kg", "10% conversion efficiency to electricity", "PP", "calorific value energy content", "waste image", "green image", "primary production process", "overall improvement", "waste depositing", "avoided waste deposition", "gate fee cost", "actual availability and use of secondary good in market", "unused secondary good", "saturated over-supplied market", "waste fee", "demand for secondary goods", "open loop", "secondary goods quality", "avoided waste depositing", "high-quality recyclability", "low quality secondary goods", "lower credit", "low value secondary goods", "radiative forcing discount period", "Misleading Results", "Climate change impact modelling", "recyclable long-living products", "biogenic delayed emissions", "unambiguous definition of service or function", "farming methods comparison", "one hectare", "Beverage carton", "bottles", "Plastic Type A", "Metal M", "Bio-based Material B", "Television Set Chassis", "One-way Beverage Carton", "Amount of products to be compared", "Farming Methods", "Yield differences", "25 use situations", "single use", "return transport", "1000 beverage cartons", "40 bottles", "coal-fired power", "windpower", "electricity technology choice", "Screening and Iterative Approach", "Reusable diapers comparison", "Retail and shopping", "Single-use diapers comparison", "Detergent for washing", "Reusable diapers", "Special pants", "detergent production", "detergent use", "technology A", "widespread current technology", "technology B", "laboratory scale", "vehicle fuel production technologies", "development and maturation levels", "lab scale yields and efficiencies", "commercial scale situation", "diesel fuel", "biomass-based synthetic diesel", "crude-oil based diesel", "processing steps", "plastic X", "metal Y", "company A's own processes", "product chain", "Poor geographical representativeness", "Data from different regions", "Inventory differences", "Poor Technological Representativeness", "Technology development over time", "ITC systems", "basic materials", "slower data changes", "plastic-based food packaging", "metal food packaging", "Consistent Scoping", "Refrigerator Life Cycle", "polluting energy sources", "Statistical Treatment", "Significance Determination", "differences between alternatives", "accuracy of results", "dominance between compared alternatives", "Misleading Interpretation", "must reflect product functionality", "Ceramic Cup", "average lifetime of 1 year", "single-use cups", "detergents and organic load impacts", "washing of the cups", "petrochemical fuels and feedstock", "Frequent Washing Required", "No Impacts in Use Stage", "Environmental Impacts of Ceramic Cup", "Production of Ceramic Cups", "electricity from incinerator", "Reporting and Communication", "Target Audience Understanding", "production data representativeness", "biased comparison between alternatives", "Single-use cups production", "Dishwasher operation", "Dishwashing water discharge", "Electricity production from lignite", "detergent contents", "dishwasher efficiency", "country-specific conditions", "Alternative A", "Cup comparison study", "Alternative B", "Alternative C", "Electricity from waste heat", "Incineration with waste", "Hand washing", "Dishwashing machine", "comparative analysis", "system construction and analysis", "uncertainty calculation on system level", "correlation among data values and impact factors", "lack of knowledge of the studied system", "analytical solution", "simulation", "stochastic parameter uncertainties", "Data Quality in Impact Assessment", "Impact Assessment Methodology Choice", "Assessment Data", "Logarithmic Normal Distribution", "Normal Distributed Data", "Choices", "Discrete Nature", "choice-related uncertainties", "calorific value selection", "future process modelling", "Ignorance", "Discrete Behaviour", "Uncertainty Aggregation", "Co-variation", "Process Dependency", "Monte Carlo approach", "LCA simulation", "error on total results", "error on process data", "Taylor series", "simulation approach", "mean values", "final results", "final results distribution", "process data distribution", "choice-related variation", "discrete results", "variation", "What-If Calculations", "Range of Results", "Included Life Cycle Stages", "Systematically Excluded Activity Types", "Specifically Excluded Processes", "Quantified but Not Completely Modelled Product and Waste Flows", "Incomplete Life Cycle Model", "First Included Process Step", "Last Included Process Step", "incomplete", "diagram", "included process steps", "schematic", "excluded activity types", "excluded elementary flows", "relevant activities", "Electric heater system", "Final depositing", "CEN/TR 13910", "BSI British Standards", "EDIP guidelines 2003", "Danish EPA", "JEMAI data collection manual", "Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry", "Worldwide LCI Database for Industry Steel Products", "European LCI Database for Coiled Flat Stainless Steel Products", "Stainless Steel Products", "Guideline on Liquid Packaging Board (LPB) LCI data compilation", "Liquid Packaging Board", "Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission Assessments of Automotive Materials", "European Database for Corrugated Board Life Cycle Studies", "Corrugated Board", "Life Cycle Assessment of Aluminium: Inventory Data for the Worldwide Primary Aluminium Industry", "Primary Aluminium", "Eco-Profiles of the European Plastics Industry", "PlasticsEurope Eco-profiles and Environmental Declarations - Life Cycle Inventory Methodology and Product Category Rules", "Uncompounded Polymer Resins", "Reactive Polymer Precursors", "business decision support", "feedback", "Life Cycle Inventory programme", "LCA Handbook", "Guide and Backgrounds", "environment-related product policy", "allied tools", "multi-functional systems", "cascade system", "Guide", "desk study", "toxicity factors", "fate analysis", "Part 2a - Guide", "Part 2b - Operational annex", "LCA project design", "Part 3", "Scientific background", "best available practice", "Part 2a", "Part 2b", "Operational models", "in-depth analysis", "1992", "Centre of Environmental Science - Leiden University", "Part 2: Guide", "Part 3: Scientific Background", "Compilation and Evaluation of Inputs and Outputs", "Evaluation of Environmental Impacts", "wider applications", "tool box", "LCA project", "Management procedures", "Cradle-to-Grave Analysis", "Quantitative Character", "Final Consumption", "aluminium car", "reduced gasoline consumption", "environmental comparison", "Green Swan", "environmentally friendly products", "Reusable packaging materials", "EU Packaging Directive", "building industry", "management tool", "complete life cycle of a product", "holistic nature", "benchmarking of business and governmental activities", "cannot address localised impacts", "database format standardisation", "Local Risk Assessment", "linear models", "car design process", "design criteria establishment", "decision-making situations", "decision procedures", "Substance Flow Analysis", "local environmental impacts emphasis", "cadmium in rechargeable batteries", "phosphates in detergents", "evaluating economics of product life cycle", "public health and safety", "Global exploration", "company-internal innovation", "sector-driven innovation", "environmental standards assessment", "Comparative Product Assessment", "Blue Angel eco-labeling programme", "Green Swan eco-label", "Tropical hardwood comparison", "Processed wood comparison", "energy analysis", "Product Ecobalance", "Code of Practice", "SETAC LCA Section", "European Working Groups", "LCA Methodology Harmonisation", "North American Working Groups", "CD 14047", "TR 14049", "TR 14062", "ISO LCA series", "TR 14025", "Towards Global Use of Life Cycle Assessment", "Present Guide", "SETAC scientific community", "baseline practice", "simplified method", "detailed method", "Part 1", "LCA Guide", "LCA main characteristics", "international LCA developments", "guiding principles", "Procedural Guidelines", "Management of LCA projects", "Process management in LCA", "Organisation and assignment", "Reporting an LCA project", "Results of Goal and scope definition", "Starting points", "Procedures", "LCA Procedure", "Economy-environment system boundary", "Selection of characterisation methods", "optional extensions", "Guidelines", "working instructions", "substance-specific factors", "Operational annex", "baseline detailed level", "extensions", "investment decisions", "policy issues", "strategy determination", "authoritative", "execution of the LCA", "process approach", "risk of improper manipulation", "clear objectives", "distinct starting point", "distinct endpoint", "LCA quality", "stakeholder support", "LCA transparency", "LCA execution quality", "Nature and Number of Parties with Diverging Interests", "Extent and Manner of Regulation of Development Process", "global exploration of options", "assignment of the research", "presentation of the LCA's results with conclusions", "implementation based on the LCA's results", "process context", "many diverging interests", "impact on stakeholders", "potentially weak impact", "Process context I", "Process context III", "Process rules", "Entry guideline", "Process design based on general guidelines", "Consensus guideline", "Explicitness", "External test rule", "Assumption Justification", "Method Correctness", "Stakeholder Reporting", "ISO 10404", "LCA Methods Consistency", "Interpretation Consistency", "assignment procedure", "Executive Work", "assignment", "process planning", "independent validation", "unambiguous", "external LCA studies", "transparency requirement", "Part 2b of Guide", "policy choices", "investments", "important decisions", "process improvements", "reporting guidelines", "Draft Interim Report", "Scope of Analysis", "Goal and Scope Report", "Calculation method", "Quantitative Results Reporting", "Unilever", "margarine", "ice cream", "shampoo", "Environmental Report", "Set-up", "Formulation of Assignment", "improvement options formulation", "bottlenecks", "competencies and responsibilities", "raw materials generation", "sustainable agriculture", "sustainable fishing", "temporal coverage", "technology coverage", "use of land", "Supervision Process", "SETAC Working Group on Inventory Enhancement", "LCA Assignment", "stating and justifying the goal of the LCA study", "specifying intended use of results", "identifying initiator and commissioner", "identifying intended users and target audience", "product superiority or equivalence", "requires special care", "Product System Construction", "LCA Input and Output Reliability", "disposable bread bags", "Goal formulation", "Environmental soundness conclusion", "simplified guidelines", "extended guidelines", "base-period for data collection", "reference period for normalisation", "System Alternatives", "Process Mix", "Modal-Modern Technology", "Geographical Area", "Economic Processes Coverage", "Environmental Interventions Coverage", "difference analysis", "Life Cycle Stage omission", "Emissions and extractions", "Baseline Impact assessment methods", "Part 2b section 4.4", "Section 4.3.3", "revision of previous steps", "process improvement identification", "Alternatives", "Upgrading", "economic processes", "analysis mode", "level of sophistication", "quantifiable", "baseline for comparisons", "alternative systems", "real substitutes", "Identification of Functions", "Primary Function Selection", "Physical Output Parameters", "SI-derived Units", "Reference Flow Determination", "Product System Selection", "Standard Use Tests", "Future Assumptions Documentation", "Alternative Product Systems", "Reference Flow Comparability", "Alternative System Selection", "System Selection Criteria", "Study Validity", "Washing dyed clothes", "Cleaning 100 kg of dyed clothes", "Standard washing machine", "actual performance", "standard performance", "recommended performance", "Multifunction Analysis", "Clean-em-all", "washing machine cycles", "Small-Clean", "Cold-Wash", "Flow Diagram Design", "Inventory Table", "SETAC LCI group", "Detailed Modeling", "Finite Time Horizons", "steady-state equilibrium modeling", "assesses long-term consequences", "ignores non-linearities", "time-integrated emissions specification", "ignores spatial details", "Quality analysis", "Main choices", "ISO steps", "Cut-off and data estimation", "normative choices", "accounting rules", "data processing", "significance analysis", "software validation", "draft report on Inventory analysis", "few diverging interests", "potentially strong impact", "Performance equivalence", "MRPI data", "verified by independent organisations", "Controlled landfills", "Landfill waste management", "Dutch Concrete Association", "Dutch building materials sector", "MRPI project", "environmental aspects of building materials", "environmental aspects of building elements", "NVTB", "LCA inventory modeling", "Product System-Environment Boundary", "Relevant-Irrelevant Process Boundary", "Human Control", "Uncontrolled landfills", "environment system", "System Understanding", "System Completion", "Sewage System Releases", "Harvested Crop", "Non-harvested Crop", "harvested part of a crop", "nonharvested part of a crop", "pesticides on harvested crop", "crop washing water", "mining tips treatment", "landfill treatment", "dredged material returned", "Biomass Sequestering", "Carbon Released During Waste Processing", "Positive Emission", "Landfill Systems", "Sludge disposal into rivers", "Environment system boundary", "Crops", "Processing routes", "Spatial and temporal considerations", "disposed products", "cleaning process", "partial flow diagram", "detailed flow diagram", "initial flow diagram", "process data collection", "data categories", "SPOLD format", "data exchange", "data format", "Major Inputs", "Main Production Sequence", "Ancillary Materials", "fresh water", "Sound", "collection from specific sites versus general data", "Output Validity", "Quantitative Data Quality Information", "Qualitative Data Quality Assessment", "database", "economic input and output", "data values", "data correctness", "agreement between data sources", "Data Quality Goals", "Data Aggregation Procedure", "Case-Specific Primary Data", "General Information", "economic inputs", "Economic Output", "Environmental inputs", "environmental outputs", "Physical Unit", "economic and environmental flows", "Raw Material Input", "product outputs", "group parameters", "chemical constituents", "Characterisation tables", "Emission compartment specification", "Volatile substances", "Air compartment assignment", "Freshwater compartment assignment", "Agricultural soil compartment assignment", "Fertilizers", "Industrial process emissions", "Industrial soil compartment assignment", "Interventions for which characterisation factors are lacking", "use process", "Behaviour surveys", "Standard use", "Consumer behaviour studies", "temporal context", "published literature", "performance measurement", "Production of ethylene", "naphtha", "phenol", "Data Estimation", "foreground data validation", "background data validation", "Section 3.3.5", "estimation", "economic input flows", "process-specific data", "Missing unit processes", "Missing interventions", "Estimation procedures", "sectoral level estimation", "process approximation", "similar process comparison", "flow comparison", "cut-off assessment", "specific process data gathering", "Data Quality Decision", "quantitative significance estimation", "Qualitative Significance Assessment", "Flow Cutoff", "Estimation Steps", "primary data collection", "Decision Justification", "Additional Data Collection", "recovered energy from incineration of chemical waste", "incineration of chemical waste", "refinery facility", "catalyst", "MIET model", "lubricants", "chemical waste", "used bags", "Initial Inclusion of Inputs and Outputs", "Estimated process data", "Primary process data", "Secondary process data", "long-term technical-physical relations", "constructed market value", "combined waste management", "allocated databases", "cradle-to-gate databases", "substitution with made-single cradle-to-gate database data", "allocation based on volume", "physical-causal waste management models", "fuel oil", "installation products", "long residue", "Last Resort Allocation Methods", "calculation result", "scaled environmental interventions", "Matrix-based calculations", "recursive relationships", "market analysis for co-products", "linear programming optimisation model", "symmetrical substitution", "sales quantity and price", "refinery process", "product proceeds share", "inventory table calculation", "matrix method", "internal loops", "sequential method", "coal extraction", "coal production", "PE bags", "unit process refining", "fuel oil refining", "naphtha extraction of oil", "Production of PE", "Production of plastic bags", "Packaging a loaf", "sequential calculation technique", "loops within systems", "loops treatment", "reference databases", "loops adjustment", "ignoring loops influence", "production of fuel oil", "production of naphtha", "kerosene production", "production of long residue", "treatment of food waste", "treatment of wood waste", "intervention resources", "dioxins (unspecified)", "economic inflows", "Plastic bags", "economic outflows", "Unquantified Aspects", "SETAC Working Group on Impact Assessment", "problem-oriented approach", "Effect score calculation", "Weighting Principles", "Stakeholder Input", "widening/supplementation of the study", "validation by an independent expert", "binding advice on decision points", "final decision-making by majority", "quantification of incompatible opinions", "OMA project", "comparison of total environmental load of waste policy options", "dumped waste", "dispersion of hazardous substances", "National Waste Plan", "standard order of preference", "dumping", "best available practice impact categories", "mid-point of the cause-effect chain", "Baseline impact categories", "baseline characterisation method", "Impact category classification", "Study-specific impact categories", "included in almost all LCA studies", "dependent on goal and scope of LCA study", "require further elaboration before use in LCA studies", "Energy Extraction", "Total Extracted Energy", "Desiccation", "Odour malodourous water", "loss of life support functions", "marine sediment ecotoxicity", "Impacts of ionising radiation", "Odour", "Casualties", "Group C impact categories", "classification and characterisation", "ozone-friendly products", "loss of life support", "land use subcategories", "forestry studies", "wood applications", "variant characterisation methods", "End-point Level", "GWP model", "baseline method", "consistency requirement", "validity and reliability of data sources", "simplified studies", "additional methods", "acidification model", "regional applicability", "acidifying depositions", "non-living natural resources", "iron ore", "Problem definition dependent", "Depletion-related Impact Categories", "Unsettled Characterisation", "Resource aspect", "man-made environment", "reserves and deaccumulation rates", "Extraction of minerals and fossil fuels", "Concentration-based reserves and rate of de-accumulation approach", "kg antimony equivalents/kg extraction", "Living material resources including energy resources", "based on a statistical measure of species density", "baseline recommendation", "Extractions of Biotic Resources", "destruction or alteration of land", "enhanced drainage", "Solar UV-B Radiation", "Anthropogenic Emissions", "workplace exposure to toxic substances", "World Meteorological Organisation Model", "Toxic Substances in Environment", "human emissions", "heat radiation absorption", "water table", "natural vegetation", "terrestrial ecosystem impacts", "sediment ecosystem impacts", "Table in 4.3.8.1", "predicted environmental concentration/predicted no-effect concentration", "Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential (FAETP)", "1,4-dichlorobenzene equivalents per kg emission", "toxic substances on marine aquatic ecosystems", "describing fate, exposure and effects of toxic substances", "Marine Aquatic EcoToxicity Potential", "impacts of toxic substances on terrestrial ecosystems", "sunlight", "primary air pollutants", "Marine Sediment EcoToxicity Potential", "Photo-oxidants", "peroxyacetylnitrate", "winter smog", "developed at RIVM", "VOC emissions", "acidifying air pollutants", "fish mortality", "NOx POCP", "Degradable organic matter emissions", "depressed oxygen levels", "cooling water emissions", "separate impact category", "waste heat to air", "negligible ecosystem effects", "waste heat to surface waters", "aquatic ecosystem temperature rise", "Emissions of nutrients to air, water and soil", "heat released", "Malodorous air", "airborne odour", "emissions of odorous substances to the air", "reciprocal of odour threshold value", "Malodorous water", "Water-borne odour", "ionising substances", "Bq", "kBq", "unweighted aggregation of victims", "Direct exposure to radiation", "Becquerel", "unweighted aggregation of sound", "noise emissions of sound", "extended LCA", "ionising radiation damage factors", "Ionising Radiation Emissions", "interventions with available characterisation factors", "qualitatively described", "quantitatively described", "Economic flows not followed to system boundary", "Section 3.3.8", "1-butene", "hazardous waste", "non-hazardous waste", "flows not followed to system boundary", "procedure in Section 3.3.8", "Emissions with serial impacts", "aluminium toxicity", "kg Antimony Equivalent", "kg Ethylene Equivalent", "kg 14DCB Equivalent", "kg PO4 Equivalent", "Method 1 - total world interventions", "Method 2 - average world citizen interventions", "baseline normalisation method", "unit specification", "reference values for normalisation", "impact category of energy", "heating value", "Interventions per reference area and period", "Impact categories evaluation", "Mutual Consistency", "Data Source Reliability", "Ranking", "ecological threat potential", "reversibility of the effect", "scale of the effect", "environmental preference of the population", "Weighting Profile", "Optional", "operational weighting", "Panel Methods", "publicly revealed preference data", "units equalisation", "error analysis", "Interpretation Recipe Procedures", "Quantification of accuracy", "Guide Quantification", "Imprecision of LCA results", "Process deviations", "Bandwidth of LCA results", "Bandwidth conclusions", "LCA study goal adjustment", "Allocation and weighting", "formulation of conclusions and recommendations", "Dutch Packaging Covenant", "disposable packaging systems", "refillable packaging systems", "clearly less environmental damage", "models", "PC-bottle packaging system", "waste aspect", "chemical waste incineration", "experimental process", "pilot plant level", "existing large-scale technology", "recently developed technology", "Option A", "five-year-old primary data", "Option B", "recently collected data", "European technologies mixture", "single EU country representativeness", "discrepancies report", "Data Consistency Check", "Technical Level", "Literature-Based Data", "Polyethylene production", "Consistency Checklist", "Data Choices", "Model Equivalence", "error check", "false assumptions", "Overall process", "Group of processes", "Packaging phase", "calculation techniques", "surface water emissions", "process tree structure", "system validity", "Cadmium Emission to Fresh Water", "Contributing Process", "Previous Studies", "fuel input", "Benzene to fresh water", "total error range", "empirical data on uncertainty ranges", "PE", "Packaged loaves", "Guide Estimations", "Consistency and Completeness Checks", "Inconsistencies in data", "Error identification", "Limitations as a tool", "Model limitations", "Conclusions validity", "casualty human injury or death due to direct, physical cause", "attribute or aspect of the natural environment, human health, natural resources or the man-made environment", "quantifiable representation of an impact category", "cause-effect network", "environmental changes resulting from a switch to or from a particular product system", "photochemical ozone creation potential of methanol", "co-production process", "more than one functional flow", "focuses on differences between two alternative product systems", "can be goods, materials, services, energy or waste", "extracted from environment without previous human transformation", "emitted or discarded into environment without subsequent human transformation", "Timber", "structured framework", "emissions to land", "descriptive LCA", "ISO 1404X", "product outflows", "quantified function", "Guide indicator result", "mode of human use", "biotic or abiotic resource", "final product", "format", "reciprocal of indicator result", "Normalisation result", "weighting and aggregation", "assigns numerical factors according to relative importance", "maximum tolerable concentration", "maximum tolerable risk", "no observed effect concentration", "environmentally relevant product information", "Odour Potentials", "odour threshold value", "ADI", "Acceptable Daily Intake", "ADP", "ALI", "annual limit of intake", "AP", "BDP", "Biotic Depletion Potential", "BUWAL", "Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft", "CBA", "DCB", "Chlorobenzene", "DGM", "Netherlands Directorate-General of Environmental Management", "EIOLCA", "EP", "environmental priority strategy", "FAETP (inf)", "El 99", "Derived units", "Composite units", "individual compounds", "waste hydrocarbons", "factors for characterising climate gases", "factors for characterising ozone depleting gases", "Time-dependent ODP factors", "HTP factors for characterising human toxic releases", "Alternative FAETP factors", "Alternative MAETP factors", "Alternative FSETP factors", "Alternative MSETP factors", "Alternative TETP factors", "Ecotoxic releases characterisation factors", "MAETP (inf)", "FSETP", "MSETP", "TETP", "photooxidant forming releases to the air", "MOIR", "EBIR", "AP factors", "acidifying releases to the air", "EP factors", "eutrophying releases to air, water and soil", "Loss of biodiversity and life support function", "Inverse OTV factors", "odour releases to air", "screening factor", "Operational data", "refinery output", "Eco-indicator '99 damage factors", "Environmental Load Units", "ADP factors", "quantity transport functional units", "ton km year", "lumen year", "Handbook", "impact assessment steps", "Estimation factors", "Table 3.6.1", "Physical Inputs and Outputs Data", "Background Process Data", "Pedigree Reliability", "Verified Data Based on Measured Data", "Verified Data Based Partly on Assumptions", "Non-Verified Data Based on Measurements", "ETH database", "APME database", "BUWAL/SAEFL database", "SIMAPRO database", "Inputs and Outputs of Goods", "Inputs and Outputs of Services", "Inputs and Outputs of Materials", "Extractions of Abiotic Resources", "Emissions of Waste Heat", "Sound Pressure Level", "Inventory Entry", "Decibels", "radioactive decay", "decay constant", "Hybrid Analysis", "Process-based foreground system", "Input-output-based background system", "TRI 98: Missing Inventory Estimation Tool", "Operational annex Table 3.6.2", "Estimation factors for converting group emissions into individual compounds", "VROM Dept. Monitoring and Information Management", "Omstoffentabel registratiejaar 1996", "Becquerels", "Kilograms", "Molecular mass", "Avogadro's number", "Radiation conversion", "environmental IOA", "price estimation", "price data", "BEA Classification", "MIET", "Inputs and Outputs of Transport", "Producer's Price", "Consumer's Price", "Retail Margins", "Wholesale Margins", "Transportation Margins", "Supply Table", "Input-Output Accounts", "Capital Goods Depreciation", "Durable Capital Goods Consumption", "Underestimation of Capital-Intensive Flows", "Unreliable for Aggregated Sectors", "Estimating process data by comparison with similar processes", "lacks standard working procedure", "three-level method", "estimation methods", "first-level method", "capital good approach", "Lindeijer (1998)", "three levels of sophistication", "average environmental profile per building volume", "environmental profiles for different construction parts", "Flow Cut-off Assessment", "ISO 14049", "Mass-based Flow Cut-off", "Cost-based Flow Cut-off", "Mass Fraction", "Cost Contribution", "purchase costs", "environmental burdens per unit costs", "Lindeijer Study", "Construction parts", "Flooring surface", "Building surface", "Building volume", "Pavement surface", "annual maintenance costs", "annual production", "platinum catalyst", "cut-offs", "Flow significance assessment", "production buildings", "chemical catalyst", "allocation factor 0.31", "multifunctional facility", "investment and maintenance costs", "sales share of product", "naphtha flow", "refinery installation", "SIC 3559 Special Industry Machinery, Not Elsewhere Classified", "2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified", "1996 US input-output table", "TRI 98 data", "waste management service", "independent of monetary units", "independent of inflation", "product inflows", "waste outflows", "economic value shares", "chlorinated solvent wastes processing", "price", "transfer payments", "Economic Analysis", "gross sales value method", "Firm Level Allocation", "Process Level Allocation", "System Level Allocation", "Less Technology-Specific", "Private Value to Decision-Maker", "Includes Subsidies and Taxes", "single-function", "energy-related processes", "SAEFL", "simplified version", "degraded quality relative to primary material", "quality factor", "value-corrected substitution method", "open-loop co-production", "simplified allocation", "general databases", "subtraction process", "time-profile characteristics", "ISO step 2", "penicillin + fodder production", "Nordic Guidelines", "Gate-to-grave", "Value-indicating parameter", "allocation problem", "Detailed Version", "Detailed Modeling Step 1", "Detailed Modeling Step 2", "market distortions", "missing markets", "undeveloped markets", "elasticities of supply and demand", "operational allocation factors", "linear programming model", "main processes", "technical relations", "economic relations", "substitution method", "avoids endless regress", "economically based market distortions", "regulations-based market distortions", "tax-like financing of activity", "taxes and subsidies on products", "taxes and subsidies on activities", "Missing markets with public provision", "developing markets for recycling products", "recycling products", "FOB prices", "public sources", "three-year averages", "pricing methodology", "futures market prices", "price construction", "current prices of similar products", "expected future market prices", "missing price data", "missing emissions data", "publicly available price data", "gate prices", "cif prices", "place of delivery", "Abiotic virgin materials", "Long-term downward price trend", "Relative prices", "Chemical plants", "fluctuating emissions over time", "emissions lower in first years after construction", "emissions higher in last years of functioning", "prices", "business cycle variations", "averaging procedure", "trend-free irregularities", "longer time series averaging", "longer-term variations", "Base Year", "Real Prices", "Price Deflation", "Collection and sorting", "Standard quality", "Market price availability", "Currency Conversion", "Extended Analysis", "Local Price", "location-dependent approach", "Product Price Variation", "public processing of waste", "Natural Monopoly", "Economies of Scale", "High Fixed Costs", "Low Short-term Marginal Costs", "Quality Variability", "High Quality Measurement Costs", "Scrap Metals", "Varying Compositions", "market prices not known", "fluctuating prices", "trends in real prices", "different currencies in different processes", "locally diverging prices", "partially missing prices", "cost allocation", "flows inside the firm", "chlorine compression and storage", "combined production of chlorine, caustic and hydrogen", "allocation factor computation", "economic management accounting", "total proceeds", "specialised waste processing", "social value", "road", "sewage water", "pricing policy", "retributions or taxes", "shadow total sales", "road damage", "goods vehicles", "heavy goods vehicles", "road maintenance costs", "physical relations", "cost approach", "recycled product price", "future market simulation", "recycled product", "similar products", "proven techniques", "markets not yet in existence", "developing markets", "simplified hypothetical refinery", "non-product outputs", "waste lubricants from garages", "linear process", "work-up process", "price per unit", "processing costs", "share in sales", "product proceeds", "processing mixed residue", "allocation factor 0.779", "lubricant", "allocation factor 0.220", "analytically constructed independent single function processes", "5% of all flows to be allocated", "SHR", "naphta", "quantity x price", "crude oil input", "refinery", "Wood preservation processes", "contaminated carbohydrates waste flow", "wood preservation waste", "separation effort", "separation of toxic components", "limited models", "waste lubricant oil processing", "primary lubricant oil production", "operational modeling method", "waste hydrocarbons from wood preservation", "waste hydrocarbons from food industry", "demand-dependent output", "independently variable economic outputs", "other hydrocarbons", "Long residues", "dependent economic outputs", "mixed residues for upgrading", "mixed residues for incineration", "products F, G and H", "Crude oil production", "Variable inputs", "Garages", "Food industry", "Vegetable hydrocarbons from food industry", "Fossil raw materials", "Lubricant use", "process loss", "feedstock used for fuel", "refinery inputs", "environmental exchanges from refinery", "Lighter VOCs", "solid and liquid waste", "Asphalts", "Refinery emissions", "Process D", "Frischknecht et al., 1993/1995/1996", "Fuel oil combustion", "Kerosene combustion", "Plastics waste treatment", "Asphalt production", "residue treatment", "residue utilisation", "residue transport", "residue allocation", "residues", "output composition", "raw material composition", "crude distillation", "processing requirement", "Process L", "bitumen production", "refinery raw material input composition change", "0.17 kton replaced per kton economic output", "Process M", "Process N", "fuel oil production and supply", "natural gas production and supply", "emissions per type of refinery output", "cracking of distillation residue", "Natural gas production", "Product O", "Product P", "Product Q", "Process O", "Process P", "Process Q", "matrix calculation rules", "Heijungs et al. (1992)", "Heijungs (1994)", "CMLCA software", "other characterisation method", "extended WIA–2 list", "minimal overlap", "international acceptance", "WIA-2", "framework of impact categories and indicators", "valuation weighting factor", "ELU/kg", "EPS Table 4.3.2", "EPS characterisation and weighting steps", "Damage to resources", "Carcinogenic substances", "Ecotoxic substances", "Acidification and eutrophication", "Depletion of minerals and fossil fuels", "characterisation and weighting steps combined", "emitted substance", "effects below thresholds", "Baseline Category Indicators", "Linearity", "Operational annex 10", "WIA–2 selection criteria", "baseline starting points method", "time-and location-independent", "operational for sufficient number of environmental interventions", "small uncertainty margins", "resource quantity", "fossil energy carriers", "Abiotic Depletion Potential of fossil energy", "kg antimony eq./MJ fossil energy", "Operational annex reserve of fossil fuels", "de-accumulation of antimony", "ultimate reserve of fossil energy", "proven reserve", "fossil carbon content of the earth's crust", "fossil carbon content", "proven reserves of fossil energy", "MJ of fossil energy", "kg of fossil fuel extracted", "fossil fuel extraction", "WRI (1994)", "Abiotic Depletion Factor", "reserve", "de-accumulation", "reference resource", "economic reserves", "MJ exergy content", "characterisation factor for abiotic depletion", "0.42 MJ/kg exergy content", "Copper ore type 1", "Gold ore", "8.3 MJ/kg exergy content", "Chalcopyrite", "23.11 MJ/kg exergy content", "characterisation factor based on exergy content", "middle heating values", "wide variety of types", "substance i", "surface area used multiplied by occupation time", "kg of reference substance", "integrated over a years", "chemical substance", "enhanced climate forcing effect", "Upper heating value 28.9 MJ/kg", "soft coal", "raw coal", "Middle heating value 16.8–32.4 MJ/kg", "natural gas (acid)", "Benzaldehyde", "Mole weight 106.125", "exergy 3343.5 kJ/mol", "Benzoic acid", "Mole weight 122.125", "Houghton et al., 1994 & 1996", "steady-state ODP", "Halon 2402", "Halon 1202", "HBFC 2401", "HBFC 1201", "HBFC 2311", "ODP values", "WMO (1992)", "CFC-11", "CFC-113", "CFC-12", "HALON-1301", "HCFC-123", "HCFC-124", "HCFC-141b", "HCFC-142b", "HCFC-22", "HALON-1211", "HCFC-225ca", "HCFC-225cb", "time dependent", "Solomon & Albritton, 1992", "HTP factors", "CFC-114", "CFC-115", "CFC-11 reference basis", "HTP (100 yr)", "kg 1,4DCB eq./kg", "HTP (inf)", "Human Toxicity Potential (100 yr)", "Human Toxicity Potential (infinite)", "Human Toxicity Potential (inf)", "kg 1,4-DCB equivalents per kg", "Alternative HTP factors", "kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene equivalent", "RIVM USES 2.0 model", "EUSES model", "HTP (500 yr)", "HTP (20 yr)", "Human Toxicity Potential (20 yr)", "Human Toxicity Potential (500 yr)", "captafol", "captan", "carbaryl", "carbendazim", "Carcinogenic PAHs", "chlordane", "chlorfenvinphos", "chloridazon", "chlorothalonil", "DDT", "Dichloromethane", "agri. soil", "oxamyl", "oxydemethon-methyl", "ortho-Xylene", "parathion-ethyl", "parathion-methyl", "pentachlorophenol", "permethrin", "Tetrachloroethylene", "Trichloroethylene", "FSETP (inf)", "TETP (inf)", "trichlorobenzene", "MSETP (inf)", "Carcinogenic", "chrysene", "Ethylbenzene", "screening tool for the EU", "Fresh water Aquatic EcoToxicity Potential", "FAETP (100 yr)", "MAETP (100 yr)", "ecotoxic releases", "MSETP (100 yr)", "TETP (100 yr)", "FSETP (100 yr)", "FAETP (20 yr)", "MAETP (20 yr)", "FSETP (20 yr)", "MSETP (20 yr)", "TETP (20 yr)", "EUSES", "considerable parameter uncertainties", "kg 1,4DCB", "FAETP (500 yr)", "MAETP (500 yr)", "MSETP (500 yr)", "TETP (500 yr)", "FSETP (500 yr)", "benzo[a]anthracene", "benzo[k]fluoranthrene", "High background concentrations", "Cyclohexane", "POCP 0.009 kg ethylene eq./kg", "Cyclohexanol", "Cyclohexanone", "Decane", "Propylene", "sec-Butanol", "sec-Butyl Acetate", "substance-specific values", "kg formed ozone/kg", "MIR: 0.35 kg formed ozone/kg", "Alkyl Phenols", "alpha-Pinene", "Beta-Pinene", "MOIR: 0.6 kg formed ozone/kg", "Chloropicrin", "cis-2-Butene", "cis-2-Pentene", "Crotonaldehyde", "ozone formed", "Maximum Ozone Incremental Reactivity", "Equal Benefit Incremental Reactivity", "kg eq./kg", "Hauschild & Wenzel (1998)", "AP factor 1.6 kg eq. ammonia/kg", "oxygen required to oxidize organic compounds", "oxygen used by micro-organisms in biochemical oxidation", "Characterisation factor is 1", "odour characterisation factor", "odour indicator result", "Damage factors for characterising radioactive releases", "Operational annex 4.3.15", "phosphoric acid", "phosphorus(V) oxide", "Operational annex Table 4.3.1 5.2", "level I", "substance emitted to compartment", "activity", "methyl dithiomethane", "Methyl Isobutyl Ketone", "methyl methacrylate", "methyl propionate", "methyl thiomethane", "ortho-Cresol", "para-Cresol", "para-Xylene", "Propanoic acid", "Propionaldehyde", "pyridine", "terephthaloyldichloride", "Trimethylamine", "Valeraldehyde", "emission pulse of radionuclide", "dimensionless indicator result", "radionuclide emission to air", "dispersion factor", "radionuclide in environmental medium", "discharge to medium", "volume flow rate", "Population Exposure", "probability coefficient for effects", "fluoranthrene", "hydrogen chloride", "initial emission or extraction", "nonaromatic (alkene)", "nonaromatic (ester)", "nonaromatic (aldehyde)", "radioactive", "halogenated nonaromatic", "halogenated aromatic", "aromatic pesticide", "haloginated pesticide", "nonaromatic pesticide", "agric", "haloginated aromatic", "not normalised", "intervention", "single EU member country", "temporal differences", "Marginal analysis", "product system specification", "Toxic substances assessment", "ExternE", "Externalities of energy", "environment systems analysis", "Ökoinventare für Energiesysteme", "Human health damages due to ionising radiation", "RAINS-LCA", "eutrophying air pollutants", "Priority assessment of toxic substances", "SIMAPRO 4.0", "Life cycle inventories for packagings", "Environmental life cycle assessment of the nuclear fuel cycle", "Time-dependent assessment", "EPS-Default Valuation of Environmental Impacts", "Species-Pool Effect Potential", "Biodiversity and life support indicators", "Theoretical Modeling Aspects", "Modeling Aspects of LCA", "Practical Modeling Aspects", "Average and Marginal Processes", "Stepwise structure", "Format and data categories", "Chapter 2", "Chapter 3", "Chapter 4", "Chapter 5", "Chapter 1", "theoretical foundations of LCA", "partitioning economic inputs and outputs to product systems", "Appendix B", "Appendix C", "Selection of characterisation methods: category indicators, characterisation models and factors", "broader than elementary flow", "Intermediate product flow", "ISO/TC 207", "Standard LCA", "faster and cheaper", "LCA study steps", "well-defined set of assumptions or simplifications", "philosophy of science", "systems analysis", "logic", "mathematics", "values debate", "inductive approaches", "choices in LCA", "Trip rates of returnable bottles", "Quantitative safety factors for toxic mechanisms", "LCA results validation", "function fulfillment options", "LCA Purpose", "LCA Questions", "Economy-Environment Interaction Modeling", "LCA Substance", "Structural Questions", "change-oriented", "model", "minor functions", "broad societal functions", "scope restriction", "function breadth", "Level 0 LCA", "Status quo LCA", "Level 1 LCA", "Life Cycle of Function", "purpose", "function fulfilment", "acrylic paint", "Beer", "drinking pleasure", "writing and sending a letter", "pen", "envelope", "stamp", "desk", "barley", "Beer production", "breweries", "beer production comparative analysis", "upstream products", "occasional choices", "One-off Fulfillment of Function", "structural decisions", "Regular Supply of Function", "strategic choices", "Long-term Supply of Function", "beverage containers", "discarded paper", "investments at paper mills", "high speed train", "plane", "china cup", "paper cup", "negligible influence on society", "short time horizon", "aircraft replacement", "waste treatment plant operations", "investment delay", "Lunchroom kitchens", "limited time horizon of functioning", "Rail infrastructure", "extended time horizon of functioning", "Recycling effects", "time period for effects to fade", "irreversibility", "large investments", "waste separation", "general equilibrium modeling", "environmental pollution", "Observed change", "Empirical relations", "Multimedia fate models", "epistemological basis", "normative LCA", "multi-objective decision-making", "decision theory", "scientific method", "100% rule in allocation", "descriptive mode", "choice of axioms", "change-oriented mode", "open character of method", "prediction testing", "capacity use", "short-term and long-term consequences", "LCA model construction", "environmental consequences prediction", "model calculations", "simplified representation of real mechanisms and phenomena", "assumptions and simplifications", "reference alternative", "with-without comparison", "upstream and downstream impacts", "change-oriented analysis", "time pattern", "reference situation", "autonomous pattern", "instantaneous effects", "time series effects", "point in time analysis", "emissions discarding", "time interval integration", "emission levels", "choice implementation", "coffee consumption decision", "toilet use", "coffee machine refilling", "coffee", "cup", "coffee production", "coffee consumption", "cup production", "waste treatment facilities", "Aircraft noise", "Seasonal variability (summer/winter)", "Temporal domain modeling", "Data requirements", "Spatial domain modeling", "Geographical differentiation (longitude, latitude, elevation)", "regional emission location", "indoor/outdoor emission distinction", "household activities", "waste management activities", "simplified representation", "dynamic patterns in time", "integration over all locations", "steady state assumption", "dynamic LCA", "complexity levels", "spatial integration", "temporal integration", "linearisation of process characteristics", "LCA model structure", "aggregation of individual companies along sectoral lines", "incorporation of economic mechanisms", "non-linear modeling", "discriminatory power", "Best Available Practice LCA", "Temporal Detail", "spatial detail", "Time Series Modeling", "Emission Prediction", "Time-dependent Fate and Effects", "Day-night Perception Variation", "Temporal Discount Rate", "Landfill Impacts", "integration", "time-integrated emission difference", "Global spatial extent", "Time horizon restriction", "Economic Mechanisms", "Functional Unit Supply", "emissions of pollutants", "baseline LCA model", "economic substitution", "behavioural mechanisms", "emission characteristics", "environmental media", "sea", "non-linear", "volume changes", "paper bleaching", "Potential Impacts Assessment", "Generic Conditions", "Capacity for Causing Harmful Effects", "Ignores Site-Specific Conditions", "impact prediction", "full space and time integration", "life cycle loadings", "spatial characteristics", "temporal characteristics", "actual impacts", "degree of actuality", "information requirements", "aggregated releases", "abstraction", "substance x", "substance y", "release of substance x", "hazard assessment", "release of substance y", "measured impacts", "reference model", "emphasis on completeness", "allocation based on the substitution method", "socio-economic, technological and other mechanisms", "materials-product chain", "micro-economic production functions", "Leontief-type model", "inventory problem", "fluorescent lamp", "incandescent lamp", "Economic Optimisation", "Empirical Usage Data", "Emission rates", "Duration of exposure", "Frequency of exposure", "Seasonal influences", "Time of day", "NOx releases", "VOC releases", "realistic default values", "allocation issue", "coproduct", "incorporates socio-economic mechanisms", "below-threshold emissions", "environmental utilisation space", "Location-specific data", "Spatially specific equivalency factors", "Effect", "Equivalency Factor", "discrete pulses", "discrete emission pulses", "concentration pulses", "temporal value", "continuous concentrations", "concentration value", "time-integrated amounts", "Environmental Medium", "Dose", "Mass Loading Character", "unit world", "transport compartments", "substance fate", "immobilisation", "Multimedia Distribution", "Rainfall", "Soil Composition", "fate-related aspects", "Time-integrated environmental amounts", "Discrete Event Character", "Collective Measure", "Substance Amount", "water medium", "Compartment", "soil medium", "compartment volume", "skin intake", "drinking water ingestion", "Consumption Patterns", "NOEC", "NOAEL", "dose-response curve", "Media compartmentalization", "Exposure level", "Air Route Exposure", "Food Consumption", "Fish Consumption Exposure", "Biomagnification", "Drinking Water Exposure", "Direct human exposure", "Inhaled dust particles from asbestos-reinforced roads", "Foodstuffs", "Indirect exposure", "Indirect exposure via foodstuffs", "Soil route", "no-effect level", "Carcinogenic Organics", "F-shaped Dose-Response Curve", "Radioactive Particles", "Substances Lacking No-Effect Levels", "threshold value", "Species-Specific Variation", "Substance-Specific Variation", "marginal process data", "Ecosystem Toxicity Model", "Background Concentration", "incremental changes", "change in production volume", "varies per species", "varies per substance", "slope varies per species", "presence and abundance of sensitive species", "critical load concepts", "marginal changes", "applies to small changes in production", "change simplification", "Marginal Factor", "slope of production function", "linear approximation", "MF", "recorded in a database", "function f", "obtained through small change around typical working point", "fuel input change", "electricity production change", "Average Factor", "average fuel per unit electricity", "Passenger allocation", "steady state", "short-term mechanisms", "long-term mechanisms", "long-term average", "proportional assignment", "revolutionary changes", "marginal change in power consumption", "factual approach", "distributed power consumption", "fair approach", "closed working point", "coordinates (0, 0)", "boiler", "proportional allocation", "average allocation", "operating point", "burned fuel", "generated electricity", "replaced generators", "extra petrol", "extra passenger", "extra food on board", "extra cabin maintenance", "scheduled flights", "percentage occupancy", "Aircraft production", "Increased flight demand", "Long-term marginal costs", "Average costs", "Fixed overheads", "Bauxite mining", "Cargo shipping", "medium term", "fuel requirements", "average effects", "long-term modeling", "marginal effects", "FSC-certified tropical hardwood", "non-certified tropical hardwood", "tropical hardwood window frames", "FSC certificate", "qualitative information", "quantitative analysis", "lead atmospheric release", "lead aquatic release", "hardwood", "spatial varieties", "quantifiable entity", "value", "Système International des Unités", "Intensive Property", "Joule", "basic units", "unconventional units in LCA", "Variable", "flow type", "International Standard", "Third-party Goal and scope report", "Third-party Final report", "LCA step", "ISO issues", "system equivalence assessment", "Inventory Assessment", "spreadsheet software", "stakeholder", "commercial software", "detailed analysis", "authoritativeness", "Implementation of LCA tasks", "LCA program", "price range from free to thousands of euros", "scope from basic to advanced", "Commercial LCA program", "shipped with process data database", "shipped with Impact assessment data", "project initiation", "discussion of results", "requires structured involvement of principal parties", "fair process", "consensus among stakeholders", "process architect", "process manager", "project progress", "stakeholder perspective", "research results", "research quality", "consensus", "analysis quality", "project execution", "practical use of analysis results", "process goal", "LCA motives", "Dutch Voluntary Agreement on Packaging", "Overall process management", "Clarity of purpose", "Process outcome", "Relation between LCA findings and process conclusions", "Relation between process conclusions and implementation", "Balance between content and process", "Process progress", "Balance between speed and thoroughness", "Outside influences", "Honouring input", "role and duties", "Role and duties of the process manager", "Role and duties of the LCA practitioner", "Role and duties of the reviewer(s)", "Selection of process participants", "Representation of interests", "Structures and interests to be respected", "Participation", "Commitment", "time-consuming nature", "comparative public reviews", "system requirements", "transport and cleaning processes", "system modeling", "data selection", "reporting mode", "objectivity of the process", "background considerations", "process criteria", "Stakeholder Representation", "Basic Knowledge Requirement", "political accountability to representational bodies", "secrecy arrangements", "Process drives out content", "participants' knowledge and understanding", "participants' motivation", "quality establishment", "progress monitoring", "reflective evaluation", "process conclusion", "process result", "environmental score", "decision-making procedure", "conclusion phase", "margins of error in environmental scores", "weighting of environmental themes", "assumptions in modeled product systems", "margins of error", "environmental themes", "product system definition", "conclusions may be too binding with respect to subsequent measures", "insufficient transparency", "opportunistic use and abuse", "binding conclusions", "hampered progress", "Procedures and Reporting", "ISO Scope definition", "Mode of analysis", "Preparing for data collection", "Relating data to functional unit", "Allocation and recycling", "Refining the system boundaries", "environmental interventions and impacts", "Long-term Structural Decisions", "Description of each unit process", "Units of measurement", "Data retrieval methods", "non-aggregated inventory results", "Interpretation, reporting and procedures", "Limitation of LCI", "Selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models", "Grouping of indicator results", "ISO 14042 (2000E)", "Limitations of LCIA", "broad application of LCA", "This Guide", "time horizon for leaching of landfill", "supply inelasticity", "methodological steps", "phase", "baseline proposal", "Procedures step", "study scope and depth", "Dominant Processes", "states goal of LCA study", "Possibilities and Limitations", "Environmental Goals", "Economic Goals", "Social Goals", "Non-comparative Studies", "Intended Users", "ISO 14040:1997", "procedural arrangements", "classification of applications", "siting aspects", "Description of Criteria and Assumptions", "Effect of Selection on Result", "Mass Criteria", "Energy Criteria", "study purpose", "intended decisions", "main user function", "SETAC-Europe Case studies Working Group", "Combustion Heat", "Goal definition step", "Reference Panel Reporting", "Study Commissioner Documentation", "Practitioner Background Documentation", "Intended Decision Statement", "value judgements", "methodological procedures", "Government Approvals", "spatial dimension", "global", "regional", "national", "geographic scale determination", "time period specification", "ceteris paribus principle", "marginal relative to other activities", "geographical coverage specification", "detergent requirements", "regional differences", "detergent amount", "state-of-the-art technology", "prototype technology", "Gate-to-gate analysis", "Environmental Interventions at Boundary", "Life Cycle Stage Selection", "Filling Process", "Polyethylene film production", "Polyethylene granulate", "Cradle-to-grave LCAs", "LCA boundary narrowing", "refrigeration during filling and distribution", "product waste", "packaging characteristics", "descriptive analysis", "focusing on specific environmental impacts", "narrowing the coverage of environmental interventions", "establishing criteria as showstoppers or knockouts", "focusing on certain inputs or outputs", "Practical methods", "Factors", "Impact categories with practical methods", "Impact categories lacking practical methods", "Qualitative handling required", "Environmental interventions lacking factors", "choice-oriented analysis", "selection of inputs and outputs", "upstream waste management processes", "waste stream comparison", "indication of relevant mismatches and effects", "complexity", "expense", "requires justified assumptions", "must justify structural decisions as reasonable", "must indicate relevant mismatches affecting accuracy", "framework for systematic and comprehensive environmental assessment", "SETAC-Europe LCA Screening and Streamlining Working Group", "LCA sophistication levels", "SETAC North America Streamlined LCA Workgroup", "Screening", "reduces cost", "reduces time", "reduces effort", "Process flow threshold filtering", "Surrogate data", "Key environmental inputs and outputs identification", "Life cycle stage significance assessment", "Streamlining", "Assessing reliability", "Process flow threshold", "LCA study detail level", "tailor-made factor approach", "LCA study duration and cost", "determines whether additional study is needed", "identifies LCA elements that can be omitted or use generic data", "IOA models", "LCA detail", "new impact categories", "characterisation and normalisation methods", "partial uncertainty analyses", "Detailed LCA with extensions", "Qualitative scanning LCA", "ecolabeling programmes", "procedural part of study", "crucial step with technical and procedural consequences", "complies with ISO standards", "does not fully comply with ISO standards", "faster and cheaper than detailed LCA", "Options for extension", "Model Selection", "Decision Type", "LCA Results Significance", "Life Cycle Assessment phases", "preliminary study", "temporal boundaries", "justifiable omission of phases or subsystems", "relevance to product systems studied", "deviation from recommended level of sophistication", "sound reasons", "Prospective analysis", "simplified analysis", "Clearly Defined and Measurable", "Defining the subject of the study", "Quantification of functions", "colouring function", "Beverage bottles", "image function", "Hand drying systems", "drying function", "hygienic function", "Selection of Relevant Functions", "monofunctional approach", "baseline", "process property", "Use Value", "Function Selection", "Equivalent Product Systems", "Paper towels", "bacteria-removing ability", "functional equivalence in LCA", "Function separation in LCA", "Function Neglection", "Function Addition", "Combined Heat and Power", "Physically Separable Functions", "Additional Functions", "Wall colouring", "wall covering insulation material", "colouring", "Relative Meaning", "kg of harvested wheat", "production efficiency", "ha.yr wheat cultivation", "agricultural soil use", "spatial planning", "Function Quantity", "Service Quantity", "Function Duration", "Multifunctional Unit", "thermal resistance", "coloured surface", "product equivalence", "Food LCA", "Nutrition Source", "Enjoyment Source", "Real Substitution", "Abstract Multifunction Definition", "trip rate", "life span", "reference product", "Standard", "manufacturer recommendations", "Performance Quality Standard", "Consumer Dosage", "refrigerator lifetime", "internal volume", "external volume", "kitchen space constraint", "insulation thickness", "User behaviour", "hand-drier", "electrical capacity", "reference function", "paper stock measurement", "number of hands dried", "Coverage capacity", "Surface type", "Hand-drying", "Electrical hand drier", "Absorption power", "Shopping frequency", "Refrigerator storage", "Refrigerator Design", "Study Scope and Boundaries", "One-way Bottles", "Returnable Bottles", "lighting a standard room for 1 year", "Volume Material Specifications", "product-specific", "1000 hours of light", "Function Allocation", "Emissions of Hazardous Substances", "ISO proposals", "process quantification", "preparatory steps", "Use-related Process", "multiple process", "Calculation of Inventory Results", "linear relations", "Initial System boundaries", "Process relevance boundary", "Allocation boundary", "Treatment steps after environmental release", "Livestock management", "Human Transformation", "200 year time horizon for emission coverage", "Landfill site conditions", "Heavy metals immobilisation", "Technical activity", "Natural production rate", "Natural biomass production", "remaining portion of crop", "Horticultural production", "economy", "arable farming", "Application of LCA to Agricultural Products", "forestry soils", "pollutant transfer", "system boundary problems", "short carbon cycles", "carbon fixation during tree growth", "carbon emissions during waste treatment", "characterisation factor for global warming", "long carbon cycles", "geochemical carbon fixation in fossil fuels", "atmospheric release of carbon during fuel combustion", "sediment removal from surface waters", "uptake by production forests", "distribution of sediment on surrounding soil", "positive emission to terrestrial environment", "geochemical carbon cycle", "Reforestry", "tree growth", "wood landfilling", "wood incineration", "wood natural decay", "treated waste water", "WWTP", "treated waste water to surface water", "difficult to obtain process data", "time of impacts", "life-cycle boundaries", "natural forests growth", "wild fish, game, fruits, herbs growth", "carbon fixation", "Organic Emissions", "Inorganic Emissions", "Mining Wastes", "Lithosphere", "Mining Tips", "interrelationships", "Regulated waste material use on soil", "road foundation construction", "emissions recorded only out of site", "Non-regulated landfill sites", "inflowing wastes treated as emissions", "Partially controlled landfill sites", "mix of emission recording methods", "carbon fixation during tree growth subtracted from emissions", "emissions recorded without balancing against prior fixation", "summary flow diagram", "enters unit process at top of box", "leaves unit process at bottom of box", "standard data format", "data exchange format", "data processing format", "production of sulphuric acid", "flow diagram representation", "unit process box", "labeled arrows", "Data Sheet for a Unit Process", "case study", "vibration", "relational database", "SPINE", "SPOLD", "data storage", "easy readability", "nonrelational design", "process interlinkages", "database software implementation", "process data storage", "Nordic project on Environmentally sound Product development", "SPINE report", "ISO New Work Item Proposal", "IVL", "Chalmers University of Technology", "Mega-process", "relational database concept", "commodity materials and services", "SPOLD Status Report", "common format for Life-Cycle Inventory Data", "descriptive approach", "Quantification of inputs and outputs", "flows between activities", "partial system", "system description component", "input and output data component", "unallocated unit process data", "raw process data", "allocated unit process data", "partial system data retraceable to unit process data", "partial system data irreversibly aggregated", "System structure", "Inputs from technosphere", "Inputs from environment", "Outputs to technosphere", "Outputs to environment", "focus on transport and verification", "transport data", "process verification", "Identification of data set", "coproduction", "energy model", "transport model", "descriptive first-generation format", "DALCA", "data transport", "plastics processing industry", "Building Elements", "Wenzel et al. 1997 format", "'92 guide format", "geographical site characterisation", "Boguski 1996 Chapter 2 format", "economic inputs subcategorisation", "descriptive format", "second-generation SPOLD", "prescriptive format", "Data Error Margins", "Economic and Environmental Inputs and Outputs", "data sheet", "database integrity", "Quality of process data", "Overall assessment of process data", "desired age of data", "minimum period of time", "data source type", "Unit Processes with Environmentally Relevant Emissions", "Unit Processes Contributing Majority of Mass and Energy Flows", "Require Site-Specific or Representative Average Data", "Process Characterisation", "Data characterisation", "Definition of the scope of the process", "Description of operations included and excluded", "Specification of co-products and allocation method", "Description of data source", "Assessment of statistical variation coefficients", "Description of technological development", "Data Quality Parameters", "Weidema (1994)", "readily accessible data", "level of technology", "age of data", "site specific vs. average data", "data quality management", "uncertainty tracing", "validity and reliability", "error propagation analysis", "quality aspects framework", "correctness", "integrity", "usability", "portability", "maintainability", "flexibility", "testability", "Risk of accident", "Source of data", "environmental effect models", "documentation of special cases", "Qualitative Description", "Source Documentation", "Entering the process data", "quantitative input and output data", "producers' associations", "private companies", "public authorities", "specialized information centres", "working environment", "impacts of noise", "impacts of monotonous repetitive work", "large number of production units", "type of data used", "type of data to be chosen", "processes affected by study decisions", "other processes interacting with foreground system", "decision-maker operator", "market homogeneity", "measured on-site", "literature and databases", "normative data", "modern farms", "individual operational farms", "use primary, site-specific data", "use secondary data from databases, public references or estimated data", "Database selection", "raw materials and energy data", "ratio between inputs and outputs", "time-related data", "unallocated databases", "scaling factor", "time dimension", "corporate environmental plans and reports", "emission registration systems", "statistical information systems", "sulphur compounds", "absorbable organic halogens", "organic compounds", "individual chemical species", "SI-based or -derived units", "annual flows", "reference processes", "data scaling", "comparative analysis of emission factors", "1998E", "Process data validation", "substantially influences LCA outcome", "Cutoff", "Cutoff problem", "process boundary", "relative contribution to environmental effects", "Releases to the Environment", "receipt of raw materials or intermediate products", "transformations and operations", "destination of intermediate or final products", "Distribution and Transportation", "mass contribution", "input identification", "energy relevance", "product system inputs", "product system energy inputs", "environmental relevance criterion", "impact category data", "input selection criteria", "criteria", "exclusion of life cycle stages", "exclusion of inputs and outputs", "inclusion of unit processes", "total sulfur oxide emissions", "data handling", "industrial plant and equipment", "building construction", "building maintenance", "building decommissioning", "transaction table", "represents annual sales between sectors", "assumes coefficients independent of production volume", "environmentally extended input-output table", "TRI data", "solvent recycling", "cut-off flows", "hybrid model", "aggregated data", "Metal cans", "tin can", "iron can", "input intensity", "plant size", "emission intensity per unit output", "US input-output table", "base year 1996", "Economic input-output models", "emissions per unit sectoral output", "resource use per unit sectoral output", "environmental input-output database", "1992 US input-output table", "Toxic Releases Inventory", "IO-based inventory", "IO code 390100", "capital goods counted as net outputs", "excludes environmental burden of capital goods", "monetary input-output table", "monetary flows represent physical flows between industries", "consumer use phase", "post-consumer phase", "production of inorganic chemicals", "inorganic catalyst production", "physical flows between industries", "monetary values", "capital goods method", "provides only a rough indication of actual environmental impact", "SAEFL database", "Eco-Quantum software", "building lifetime", "Upstream cut-offs", "Cut-off at predefined upstream stage", "Cut-off at predefined mass percentage", "greenhouse horticulture", "farm buildings", "inventory preparation", "approximation method", "multiple product outputs", "Common emissions", "Agricultural sector", "Farm tracks and roads", "Machinery production and maintenance", "LCI Format", "Methodological Delineation", "Practical Data Availability", "International Use", "Conceptual Format", "ecosystem fragmentation", "road-building programmes", "uptake by forests and crops", "technical format", "Indicator parameters", "Energy resource use", "ETH database on energy transformation processes", "Input and output categories", "symmetrical", "space", "Systems level modeling problem", "Input-output coefficients", "Steady-state inventory models", "Process-technological interlinkage", "Linear Relationships", "inputs and outputs partitioning", "cadmium production from zinc ore", "cadmium production from phosphate ore", "ISO allocation framework", "Input-Output Relationships", "Step 2: physical relationships partitioning", "Step 3: economic value partitioning", "allocation based on economic relationships", "requires alternative systems to be known", "requires well-documented assumptions about replaced output", "Subtraction", "Division of multifunctional processes", "ISO procedure", "empirical modeling", "Division into monofunctional subprocesses", "ISO LCA methodology", "Functional unit redefinition", "Functional unit expansion", "Product system comparability", "partial", "Expansion", "multiple but equivalent functions", "subtracted system", "one function only", "Function Subtraction", "Electrical Power", "ETH energy production database", "allocation based on physical relationships", "partitioning on the basis of economic value", "economic substitution mechanisms", "ISO allocation procedure", "allocation reflecting other relationships", "soap production", "social causality", "fly ash", "Inflows and outflows", "Causal Relationships", "Systems level treatment", "upgrading process", "Second system of use", "Waste processing location", "Exergy analysis", "partial equilibrium economic models", "modeling complexity", "sophisticated modeling and allocation methods", "input-output models with environmental extensions", "useful for estimating missing data", "simplified", "detailed", "black box model with constant linear input-output coefficients", "simplification of process parameters", "market relations", "process operators' aims", "Systems engineering models", "inventory modeling mechanisms", "medium and long term capacity changes", "marginal changes in capacity use", "long-term marginal systems analysis", "specifies changes in average functioning", "physical relationships", "mixed waste treatment", "co-processing", "product-related emissions", "total emissions", "waste products", "cadmium emissions to air", "total allocated emissions", "process relationships", "technical coefficients", "waste processing allocation", "physical-causal analysis", "long-term capacity analysis", "Kitchen Wastes", "Chlorine-containing Wastes", "Marginal Contribution Analysis", "installed capacity adjustment", "combined processes", "mining industry", "goal function", "operations research", "production function theory", "short-term technological relationships", "added installed capacity", "short-term optimisation models", "dynamic markets", "limited relevance for most kinds of LCA", "optimisation models", "multi-actor models", "technology-specific multi-actor models", "multi-actor systems optimization", "marginal process choice", "nonconstrained", "state-of-the-art processes", "chlorine-free polycarbonate production", "experimental basis", "fast-breeder nuclear power generation", "hydroelectric power plant", "modern processes", "additional product generation", "sustainable emission level", "social goal function", "systems level optimisation", "produces additional products", "sales proceeds", "multifunctional effect", "product share in overall effect", "Market relations in LCA inventory modeling", "Elasticity handling", "Regress problem", "unrealistic assumption of 100% substitution", "Ekvall's method", "uses realistic default values for elasticities", "Weidema's method", "assumes one output from every multifunctional process", "fraction determined by ratio between secondary and primary price", "Fully elastic demand", "Co-product replacement", "market modeling", "Partitioning Problem", "Weidema", "Require Micro-level AGE Models", "Supply Adjustment", "Price Rise", "Reduced Demand for Other Goods", "Production Functions", "Long-term Technical Relations", "Supply Functions", "economic and environmental analysis", "market model", "rail transport capacity expansion", "air transport volume reduction", "air transport capacity increase", "rail transport volume", "traffic modalities decision support", "car transport volume", "bus transport volume", "market-based analysis", "non-market inventory modeling", "partial economic modeling", "single-function systems", "MARKAL model", "dynamic path analysis", "complex market mechanisms", "macro-economic dynamics", "environmental analysis", "Ekvall approach", "time-specific nature", "economic allocation at the systems level", "target function", "allocation based on mass or energy", "dynamic substitution", "dynamic rather than steady-state system", "causal modeling", "optimisation methods", "longer-term issues", "social cost assessment methods", "causal mechanisms", "multifunctional model", "ISO options", "Economic Value Allocation", "Environmental and Economic Independence", "Engineering models", "short-term relations", "system flows", "MATTER/MARKAL models", "substitution processes", "economic considerations", "Functional Unit-based LCA", "LCA-type Decision Situations", "Technological Detail", "Reasonableness", "sum of allocated product flows equals total unallocated process flows", "Inventory modeling and allocation principles", "fixed input-output coefficient process definitions", "ISO 1a", "Multifunctionality/Allocation Problem", "Partitioning of Non-Product Inputs and Outputs by Product Share", "detailed version inventory", "Streamlined Lifecycle Assessment", "quantification of the environmental interventions", "recursion", "ISO step 3", "Single-database approach", "sm1", "sm2", "Quality adjustment", "sm3", "ISO step 1b", "sa3", "physical product parameter", "Unit process relating", "Functional unit relating", "System boundary refinement", "ISO 14041 clause 6.4.4", "linear programming", "aggregation rules", "combustion efficiency", "transmission and distribution", "combustible material", "calculation step", "handling of loops", "handle loops", "WIA-1", "eight steps", "Environmental Management Tools", "ISO/TC 207/SC 5/WG 4", "inventory data requirements", "North American report", "WIA", "SETAC Part 3", "ISO LCIA standard", "best available practice in life cycle impact assessment", "comprehensive set of environmental issues", "Technical Validity", "Fate and Transport", "Spatial Aspects", "Reversibility", "Based on international agreement or approved by international body", "Represents aggregated emissions or resource use", "Value-choices and assumptions", "Impact Category Framework", "Open to Further Scientific Progress", "policy targets", "approved by competent international body", "Selected Impact Categories", "Description and Documentation of Categories", "Eco-indicator approach", "Heijungs et al.", "Dutch Government 1989", "weighting step", "Eco-indicator", "two-part structure", "scientific calculation", "valuation procedure", "modular structure", "Damage parameters", "defined at midpoints along the environmental mechanism", "environmental policy themes", "weighting factors for impact categories", "WIA-2 Working Group on Impact assessment", "default list of impact categories", "Impact Category Calculation", "Group A Impact Categories", "Australia", "Table 4.2.2", "Does not specify methodology for grouping impact categories", "Value-choices and judgements are responsibility of study commissioner", "Goal definition and Scoping", "impact category handling", "qualitative approach", "inherent complexity", "quantitative or qualitative handling", "methodology documentation", "Red-flag Classification", "Chemical Hazards", "Methodological Transparency", "CML/SETAC approach", "selection based on study goals", "SETAC-WIA", "Table 4.3.1", "to be included if appropriate to the topic of study", "baseline and/or alternative characterisation methods available", "no baseline characterisation method available", "Independence from Environmental Intervention Magnitude", "Location of Receptors", "Category Results Relationships", "Location-dependent characterisation", "emission fate modeling", "macroscopic tool", "effect occurrence", "Exposure and Intake Modeling", "EDIP programme", "site factor", "regional sensitivity", "Huijbregts (1999a)", "Time-independent assessment capability", "Location-independent assessment capability", "integrated fate and effect modeling", "location-dependent factors", "greater uncertainties in results than midpoint indicators", "more environmental relevance", "Smog", "location-independent inventory data", "SETAC-Europe Working Group on life cycle Impact assessment", "Proportional Approach", "Baseline Selection", "marginal category indicators", "proportional category indicators", "proportional modeling", "Resource extraction to recoverable reserves ratio", "Deposits", "Funds", "Depleted resources", "Depletion-based method", "Competitively used resources", "Competition-based method", "No assessment or aggregation", "Aggregation of natural resource extractions on a mass basis", "Aggregation and assessment based on ultimate reserves", "quantity of resource ultimately available", "Fraction of known per capita economic reserves in 1990", "available energy", "Exergy Consumed", "input exergy minus output exergy", "Lower-grade Deposits Mining", "Exergy-based Assessment Method", "decrease of the resource itself", "decreasing reserves of useful energy/exergy", "contribution of current extraction processes to other impact categories", "Abiotic resource depletion characterisation method", "characterisation phase", "Müller-Wenk method", "reserves-based assessment", "Guinée & Heijungs (1995)", "resource extraction rates relative to reserves", "Ekvall et al. (1997)", "Goedkoop (1995)", "extraction rates only", "per capita reserves", "Pedersen (1991)", "resource restoration cost assessment", "Steen (1995)", "Finnveden (1996b)", "energy content assessment", "Ayres et al. (1996)", "exergy content assessment", "Ayres (1998)", "material recovery from scrap", "lower-grade ore extraction", "Resource Assessment", "Reserves in Primary Media", "element-based", "resource-based", "suitable for depletion", "not suitable for competitive use", "fossil energy consumption", "gross heating value", "energy reserve depletion", "nuclear resources", "Guinée & Heijungs method", "cannot aggregate flows with deposits and funds", "economic reserves and extraction rates", "extended Life Cycle Assessment", "mineral compositions", "characterisation factor based on extraction rates and economic reserves", "characterisation factor based on ultimate or economic reserves", "1/R formula", "declining global energy/exergy content", "Abiotic Depletion Potential for minerals", "calculated for mineral compositions rather than chemical elements", "depletion of energy resources", "depletion of other resources", "composite ores", "competitive use of flows", "Methods based on reserves", "competitive use", "Methods based on changes in future environmental impact", "areas of protection: natural resources, human health, natural and man-made environment", "Biotic Depletion Factor", "deaccumulation rate", "extraction rate minus regeneration rate", "Biotic Depletion", "Resource Decrease Focus", "Forest Stewardship Council Certificate", "Marine Stewardship Certificate", "Certified Timber", "Certified Fish", "Species extinction risk by harvesting", "Species extinction risk by ecosystem disruption", "Life support functions decrease", "Ecosystem disruption", "Biomass extraction", "No Aggregation Method", "Aggregation Based on Reserves and Deaccumulation Rates", "Production Rates Divided by Regeneration Rates", "Sas et al. (1997)", "Lindeijer et al. (1998)", "maximum regeneration", "Environmental impacts of resource extraction processes", "Group 2 methods", "Method groups 1 and 3", "Assessment based on reserves and/or current deaccumulation rates", "reserve quantity", "resource extraction quantity", "Sas et al. method", "African Elephant", "Guinée (1995) method", "occupancy and use", "temporary changes in land quality", "competition", "Land Stock", "Land Quality Reserve", "Life Support Functions Change", "Flora", "Fauna", "Net Transformation Impact", "Difference Between Initial and Final Land Quality", "SETAC WIA-2", "Land Use Impact Assessment", "occupation impact", "quality*area*time", "Land use interventions", "change of state due to activity", "state during activity", "area", "areaxtime", "change of state", "change in state×area", "statexarea×time", "state", "natural forest", "silvicultural plantation", "pasture", "roadway", "built-up area", "transformation impact", "initial and final steady state", "temporary", "recovery potential", "relaxation potential", "Final Steady State", "Land Occupation Impact", "Duration of Change", "Land Transformation Impact", "permanent or irreversible changes in land quality", "quality*area", "duration of land unavailability", "recovery time", "Land Type", "Quantitative Area", "Agricultural Output", "silviculture", "transportation capacity", "Vehicle Kilometres", "land use data", "includes occupation and recovery times", "recovery from waste", "returning land to near-to-natural state", "afforestation", "naturalness", "Present Scarcity of Stock", "Evaporation Rates", "Reduction of Life Support Functions", "Net Transformation", "transformation process", "Human Welfare", "Degradation of Biodiversity", "Degradation of Life Support Functions", "Degradation of Cultural Values", "Not Reversed or Not Compensated", "Rehabilitation", "Land-Occupying Activities", "state scale", "nominally defined", "quality scale", "cardinally defined", "Input of Pesticides", "Output of Crops", "Scarcity of land resources", "Human competition for land resources", "flow type resource", "SET AC framework", "occupation type of intervention", "SETAC framework", "land use related intervention types", "Chemical emissions pathway", "Intervention aspects", "Impact aspects", "marginal change of demand", "permanent marginal changes", "Transformation and occupation", "Land Resource", "Total area of land potentially available to man", "Land fertility", "1 kg crop", "Hemerobie-stufen", "IUCN", "Land use qualities", "Ecosystem types I, II, III", "natural", "Ecosystem types IV, V", "non-natural", "Transformation indicators", "Occupation indicators", "Biodiversity loss indicators", "Life support functions indicators", "deaccumulation and reserves formulae", "quality reduction relationships", "Five Types of Ecosystems", "Modified Systems", "Cultivated Systems", "Built Systems", "Degraded Systems", "baseline characterisation method for land competition", "ISO-based criteria", "Composite notation A×t", "U", "Area A", "Time t", "baseline alternative additional variant characterisation model", "unweighted aggregation", "Ecosystem classes", "biodiversity and life support functions", "monetary weighting method", "Land Use Reserves", "free Net Primary Production", "plant species density", "biodiversity indicator", "impacts on the region surrounding the assessed area", "quality of an area before, during and after an intervention", "ecosystem and human life support functions", "Forestry Sector", "Land Use Indicators", "Group 3 methods", "Anonymous approach", "pressure indicators", "Group 1 Methods", "Biodiversity Parameters", "Life Support Function Parameters", "NPP", "Sas et al.", "Lindeijer et al.", "Köllner", "land use methods", "Species Type", "Ecosystem Type", "Loss of Ecosystem Types", "Reduction of Species Density", "biomass appropriateness", "total NPP minus agricultural or silvicultural product removal", "high rates of erosion", "low quality freshwater run-off", "net increase in dry weight of plant matter", "high biomass production", "soil quality stability", "freshwater cycling", "life support", "ecosystem occupation", "net ecosystem transformation", "SPEP", "Land Change Assessment Method", "valid for non-critical changes", "biodiversity mapping data", "Non-Critical Land Changes", "Assumes Local Impact Reversibility", "occupation method", "transformation method", "changed situation", "reference state", "occupancy impact", "occupation time", "ecosystem transformation", "net changes", "initial situation", "species change impact", "boreal forest", "intensive agricultural land", "non-natural situation", "natural ecosystem", "relative change impact", "physiotope", "maximum biodiversity of the region", "maximum biodiversity in recent history", "fNPP", "Region", "Maps and Tables", "Seven Types of Land Use", "Biodiversity Maintenance", "Biomass Characteristics", "Lindeijer Method", "life support impacts on ecosystems", "recovery time to original biodiversity or biomass", "initial species diversity for a fixed area", "commercial forestry", "biomass wood", "Köllner's method", "a = 0.8", "b = 0.9", "regional species richness", "negative log-curve relationship", "local occupation", "species-area curve", "regional species percentage", "log-function form", "regional effect factor", "Land use intensity", "Arrhenius formula", "species richness parameter", "species accumulation rates parameter", "regional scale average species number", "LI", "proportion of low-intensity land use in the region", "high-intensity land use", "LI decrease", "regional area vulnerability", "marginal nature of impacts on biodiversity", "Hectare-year", "Local Scale", "regional scale", "global scale applicability", "natural variability", "global ecosystem data uncertainty", "local effect factor", "weighting factor for regional impact", "natural forests transformation", "regional scarcity", "regionalisation not yet operational", "Lindeijer et al. method", "regional LCA approach", "Sas method", "transformation data", "initial and final states", "transformation data concept", "plant density change", "IVAM ER database", "land occupation data", "Köllner (2000)", "land use recovery assessment", "taxonomic species representation", "area recovery quality", "natural climax vegetation", "initial area quality", "organic matter content", "soil properties", "transformation assessment", "interaction between local area and region", "Total Biodiversity", "Vertebrate Richness", "Natural Environment Impact", "landscape degradation", "Goedkoop & Spriensma method", "Vascular plant species richness", "representative for central Europe", "Land use transformation data", "Land use intervention data", "Regional information", "landscape diversity", "land use type combinations", "Land use impact on natural environment", "Biomass indicator", "Functional approach", "Irreversibility of transformations", "top-height", "SETAC conceptual scheme", "temporary impacts", "irreversible impacts", "agricultural management systems", "silvicultural management systems", "water shortages", "lowered water table", "reduced seepage", "changes in natural vegetation", "Goedkoop & Spriensma (1999) method", "regionalised data", "reference state indicators", "area of land use", "intersection", "material welfare", "integration period", "radiative forcing per unit concentration increase", "time horizon dependency", "greenhouse gas concentration", "atmospheric heat absorption", "IPCC time horizons", "stratospheric ozone loss", "50 year time horizon", "background atmospheric concentration dependency", "IPCC indices", "net GWPs for ozone-depleting gases", "GWP for 500 years", "growing uncertainties with increasing time span", "destruction of coastal ecosystems", "depressed crop yields", "kg CFC-11-equivalents", "upper limit of uncertainty range", "lower limit of uncertainty range", "net GWP", "radiative forcing effects", "emission flux", "ozone column change", "steady state calculation", "multiple time horizons", "WMO 1995", "WMO 1999", "steady-state Ozone Depletion Potential", "stratospheric concentrations", "workplace exposure risks", "workplace impacts", "EDIP database", "UV-B Intensity Increase", "Radiation Effects on Humans", "Radiation Effects on Algae", "Radiation Effects on Arctic Flora", "Radiation Effects on Crops", "United Nations", "HTP formula", "Exposure/intake", "Transfer", "degradation mechanisms", "food pattern", "respiratory volume", "Subcompartment", "Transfer Factor", "Intake Factor", "Intermedia Transport", "Time-integration", "Lagrangian models", "Gaussian models", "Homogenous box-models", "Space-integration", "Concentration gradients", "foodstuff transfer modeling", "transfer modeling", "concentration at which 50% of target organisms shows an effect", "TDI", "PNEC", "MTC", "expressed as kg body weight", "characterisation factors for emissions to air", "characterisation factors for emissions to water", "characterisation factors for emissions to soil", "HCA", "HCW", "HCS", "Hauschild & Wenzel's method", "Guinée et al. method", "Jolliet & Crettaz method", "Organic substances", "Less toxic compounds", "intermedia transport factor", "biodegradability factor", "animals", "Air Exposure Route", "Respiration", "Water Exposure Route", "Soil Exposure Route", "Simplebox", "Predicted Daily Intake", "1,4-dichlorobenzene", "fish exposure route", "soil, plants, animals and milk exposure route", "USES 1.0", "Simplebox 1.0", "Predicted Environmental Concentration", "reciprocal of Acceptable Daily Intake", "USES 2.01", "temperature dependence of physico-chemical properties", "variation of properties with soil depth", "separate freshwater and seawater compartments", "nested model with five scales", "single continental scale", "global-level fate modeling", "soil depth variation modeling", "USES-LCA spatial scales", "USESLCA", "temporal and spatial horizons", "shorter-term impacts", "global-scale impacts", "continental scale impacts", "Spatial Horizon", "local and regional scale calculation", "time horizon scenario analyses", "volatile persistent halogenated organics", "aquatic compartment", "Marine Sediment Compartment", "Terrestrial Compartment", "Freshwater Sediment Compartment", "Human Population", "weak modeling of metal fate", "box models", "intermedia transport of metals", "dependence on environmental conditions", "spatial variability in fate and effect", "indicator result for human toxicity", "time horizon-specific", "temporal and spatial horizon choice", "Essential elements", "fate and exposure assessment", "slow conversion of reversibly adsorbed heavy metals", "soil matrix", "uptake by organisms", "marine environment fate", "geochemically reactive", "Essential Heavy Metals", "oceanic residence time", "Be-ions", "rapid hydrolysis in seawater", "incorporation into ferro-manganese nodules", "burial processes", "steady-state concentrations", "Hofstetter (1998) method", "Toxicity Equivalence Potentials", "CalTOX", "freshwater emissions", "damage to human health per kg substance emitted", "Single-medium models", "Guinée et al.", "intermedia transport modeling", "Huijbregts", "Jolliet & Crettaz", "empirical exposure relation", "inter-substance variation in dilution volume", "empirical data for emission flow to air and ambient concentration", "single model for all routes", "Huijbregts (1999a) method", "fate and exposure routes", "continuous variables", "Hertwich (1999) method", "represents human-toxic impact of substance", "No Effect Concentration", "incorporates degradation", "assumed linearity between emissions and potential effects", "disregard of chemical, environmental, metabolic and toxicological interactions", "fate element", "exposure/intake element", "effects element", "Single Indicator Result", "Trace Metals", "Carcinogenic Effects", "radionuclide emissions", "ExternE Project", "Reversible Life-Threatening Effects", "ISO 1998a", "fate-based characterisation factors", "chemical pollutants", "Jolliet & Crettaz (1997)", "Hertwich (1999)", "Human Toxicological Effects", "Includes More Substances", "risks to humans", "fate, exposure/intake and effects", "includes exposure/intake and effects", "covers 180 substances", "HTP", "DALY concept", "photo-oxidant effects", "working environment impacts", "alternative 1", "alternative 2", "alternative 3", "alternative 4", "sediment ecosystems", "Airborne Insecticides", "contribution to ecotoxicity of unit emission", "intermedia transport and degradation", "toxic effect of exposure", "toxic emissions to soil", "EPA method modified by RIVM", "indicative until better method developed", "ECA", "characterisation factor for aquatic ecosystems", "ECT", "characterisation factor for terrestrial ecosystems", "modified EPA method", "safety factors", "substance emitted to water", "substance emitted to soil", "environmental transport", "chronic terrestrial ecotoxicity", "species-specific ecotoxicological data", "discrete values", "effect compartment", "chronic effects in aquatic compartment", "acute effects in aquatic compartment", "chronic effects in soil compartment", "AETP", "Predicted No Effect Concentration for aquatic ecosystems", "Predicted Environmental Concentration in soil", "emission to water compartment", "toxic impact", "protects 95% of species in ecosystem", "aquatic ecotoxicity method", "Predicted No Effect Concentration", "effect factor for toxic impact on terrestrial ecosystems", "reciprocal of PNEC for terrestrial ecosystems", "effect factor dimensionless", "considers degradation and intermedia transport routes", "PAFs", "Potentially Affected Fraction", "Critical Surface Time", "comparable toxicity measure between substances", "Intermedia transfer factors", "Concentration-effect curves", "emission compartment ecomp", "Fate-based", "PAF method", "PBT chemicals", "Huijbregts method", "PBT", "Persistent", "Bioaccumulative", "PAF approach", "FAETPs", "180 substances emitted to air, water and soil", "MAETPs", "formation of reactive chemical compounds", "emission-effect curve", "ozone production", "marginal changes in emissions", "photochemical ozone formation model", "hydrocarbon groups", "VOC species", "Derwent & Jenkin's method", "catalyst in photochemical reactions", "ratio of ozone concentration change", "reference substance for POCP", "Derwent & Jenkin POCPs", "POCP characterisation factors", "based on 5-day trajectory model", "Volatile Organic Compound emission", "incremental ozone production", "change in ozone per unit VOC added", "VOC reactivity in pollution scenario", "Incremental Reactivity calculation", "base case scenario", "ozone exceedence episode", "MIR scenario", "MOR scenario", "EBIR scenario", "VOC reactivity", "peak ozone concentration", "VOC reduction effectiveness", "NOX reduction effectiveness", "MIRs", "regional European scenarios", "urban North America scenarios", "5 day time span", "one day time span", "trajectory model", "single-cell box model", "ozone-induced respiratory disease", "Forest Ecosystem Damage", "Exposure-Based Incremental Reactivity", "short-term smog episodes", "Ecosystem Health Damage", "Effects Included", "MOIRs", "EBIRs", "POCPs of Andersson-Sköld et al.", "high ozone concentrations", "adverse effects on human health", "VOC emissions disaggregation", "Derwent et al., 1996", "Carter, 1997", "soil impacts", "groundwater impacts", "surface water impacts", "building material degradation", "geographical location of acidifying emissions", "Weighting emissions according to local sensitivity", "emission-effect curve is linear through zero", "reflects maximum acidification potential", "anion binding", "Local sensitivity variation", "Acidification assessment", "Regional sensitivity and fate modeling", "Emission weighting according to area sensitivity", "site-specific characterization", "Maximum scenario", "Minimum scenario", "Soil conditions", "Anion leaching", "Ecosystem management", "Biomass removal", "dispersion model", "Potting et al. approach", "Ecosystem Protection", "critical acidification load", "ecosystem-based method", "fate component", "unprotected ecosystem area", "relative risk", "deposition/critical load ratio", "PROSPECTS", "Gaussian plume model", "Nature Planner", "emission site", "AP based on RAINS-LCA", "Huijbregts (1999b) factors", "Heijungs et al. (1992) factors", "account for fate and sensitivity of receiving ecosystem", "ExternE method", "not operational in characterisation factors", "assumes average sensitivity of Dutch natural areas representative of other areas", "Heijungs et al. method", "average European factors", "effects on buildings", "effects on recreational fishery", "Nitrogen impacts", "Phosphorus impacts", "biomass formation", "Nitrogen Potential", "Phosphorus Potential", "requires 16 moles N per mole", "requires 1 mole P per mole", "degradable organic matter", "biomass decomposition", "emissions of P and organic matter to water", "emissions of N and organic matter to water", "Heijungs et al. (1992) approach", "Ecosystem subcategories approach", "Fate and site-region-dependent effect modeling", "Aquatic ecosystems: smaller inland surface waters", "Aquatic ecosystems: larger inland surface waters and seas", "fate and effect model", "Huijbregts & Seppälä method", "Heijungs et al. characterisation factors", "Organic matter to water", "bioavailable N and P", "terrestrial ecosystems eutrophication potentials", "regional dependency", "eutrophication potentials of Heijungs et al. (1992)", "baseline characterisation method for eutrophication", "temperature rise in surface waters", "megajoules", "Classification step", "characterisation factor of 0", "emissions of N and P to air", "oxygen demand", "N and P equivalents", "eutrophication factors", "critical loads for eutrophication", "baseline characterisation method for waste heat", "concentration", "unweighted aggregation of energy", "Direct ozone emissions", "Photochemical reactions", "Uniform method", "critical volumes approach", "annoyance", "depends on physical and chemical properties of substance", "individual perception varies", "Odour Impact", "Odour Threshold Value in Water", "1/OTV", "noise characterisation", "endpoint modeling of noise", "Odour Profile", "Malodorous air method", "potential noise nuisance", "sound production", "human health in the working environment", "road traffic noise", "Lafleche & Sacchetto methodology", "transport kilometres", "radioactive substances", "Radioactivity", "Radioactive material", "Radioactive disintegration", "alpha radiation", "beta radiation", "gamma radiation", "neutron radiation", "X-rays", "Absorbed Dose", "Energy per Unit Mass", "Ionising Radiation Type", "Dose Equivalent", "Sievert", "Quality Factor 20", "Quality Factor 1", "Quality Factor 10", "Characterisation of Ionising Radiation Impacts", "Radioactive Substance Emissions", "direct emission of radiation to the environment", "internal exposure to radiation", "external exposure to radiation", "physical emissions of radionuclides", "type of particle emitted during decay", "decay energy", "radionuclide", "International Commission on Radiological Protection", "F-values", "screening levels", "human irradiation", "probability of human exposure", "exposure concentration", "dose per unit intake", "probability coefficient", "detrimental health effects", "annual risk of detrimental health effects", "Internal exposure", "Heijungs method", "Human toxicity method", "External exposure", "Level II", "atmospheric dispersion", "surface water dispersion", "Level III", "Level II procedure", "radionuclide fate estimation", "Level I procedure", "global approach", "Ionisation Creating Potentials", "worst-case approach", "Bq.yr", "Bq per nuclide", "Solberg-Johansen method", "Environmental Increment factor", "Environmental Impact Calculation Method", "Radionuclide Emissions to Water", "Radionuclide Emissions to Soil", "Radioactive solid waste storage", "Environmental risk", "Low Level Waste", "Intermediate Level Waste", "High Level Waste", "Human Radiation Impacts Assessment", "Frischknecht method", "characterisation factors without DALY age-weighting", "Solberg-Johansen (1998)", "based on common dispersion models and pathways of human exposure", "100,000 years time span", "49 radionuclides including Radon-222", "representative for France", "Solberg-Johansen (1998) level I procedure", "Solberg-Johansen (1998) level II procedure", "nuclear waste composition", "long-term risks", "screening factors – level I", "screening factors – level II", "assessment of direct external exposure to radiation", "exposure to releases of radioactive substances", "assessment of risks of radioactive waste", "Frischknecht et al. method", "short-term risks", "Schmidt & Brunn Rasmussen (1999)", "baseline characterisation method for casualties", "very low operational uncertainty", "Interventions known to be of environmental relevance", "Interventions expected to be environmentally irrelevant", "Emissions allocation", "Serial impacts", "Serial and indirect impact categories", "Synergistic and antagonistic impacts", "GWP factors", "calculation of the magnitude of indicator results relative to reference information", "Aggregate interventions", "Per capita interventions", "Baseline scenario", "Aggregate interventions associated with consumption habits", "Volume 2b", "parallel impacts", "Normalisation at a single scale level", "combined normalisation at the global and regional scales", "Global Impact Assessment", "Regional Impact Assessment", "Global Per Capita Figures", "Danish Characterisation Factors", "spatial and temporal scales", "per capita approach", "temporal scales", "spatial scale", "Regional reference values", "Regionalised weighting factors", "Global reference normalisation", "World population", "Average world citizen normalisation", "Individual impact assessment", "sediment removal", "sediment dumping", "sediment shift between compartments", "method 1", "aggregate world interventions", "method 2", "average world citizen interventions", "regional grouping methods", "ISO definition", "reversibility-irreversibility", "Scale of Impact", "Reversibility Time", "Actual Hazard", "Evaluation Criteria", "Grouping Methods", "Ranking Methods", "Impact Subcategories", "quantitative MCA", "reproducible", "transparent", "qualitative MCA", "convincing", "qualitative multi-criteria analysis", "Panel Approach", "Monetary Approach", "Methods based on monetary values", "Methods based on standards or targets", "Methods based on authoritative panel judgment", "Willingness-to-pay methods", "Individual revealed preferences", "lack of transparency", "Tellus method", "collective revealed preferences method", "risk of underestimation from unknown damage pathways", "Individual Expressed Preferences", "Other Monetary Methods", "Emission Reduction Costs", "total economic value", "market valuations", "Tellus", "relative importance of actual effects not defined", "government standards or targets", "relate target to weighting factor", "weight inventory results or characterisation results", "BUWAL, 1998", "Ahbe et al., 1990", "no inter-effect weighting", "Environmental Endpoints", "national and international policy targets", "natural science information on relationship between actual flows and actual damages", "foreseeable future trends in flows", "reversibility of damage", "importance of damaged object", "uncertainty on extent of damage", "Classical weighting", "Multicriteria analysis", "ExternE approach", "weighting factors based on characterisation methods", "sub-impact categories", "parameters describing the system", "data and methodology", "Process data sources", "Interpretation phase reporting", "Transparency in value-choices", "Related studies", "pasteurising", "refrigerated storage", "Technical experts", "product systems parameters", "economical inflows and outflows", "study parameters", "study methodologies", "representative European technology mix", "European Union member country coverage", "refrigerator use", "tankers", "Interlinkage", "Zero-order", "climate change score", "intrinsic system sensitivity", "process importance assessment", "Multipliers", "multiplication factors", "Basic Choices", "sampling error", "inaccurate data", "imprecise data", "most important data for LCA results", "product system A", "product system B", "environmental score comparison", "Calculation of extreme values", "system parameter uncertainties", "stochastic modeling", "Latin Hypercube simulation", "10,000 random parameter combinations", "segmented uncertainty distribution with non-overlapping intervals", "specified uncertainty distribution of each parameter", "variety of parameter distributions", "frequency chart of possible outcomes", "fossil fuel inputs", "parameter ranking", "process data uncertainties", "aggregated process data", "data limitations", "modeling choice limitations", "Conclusions Formulation", "summary of significant issues", "allocation models", "total frequency distribution", "peer review process", "Dominant Data", "Photochemical mechanism for VOC relativity assessment", "Ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds", "Life Cycle Assessment in Agriculture, Agro-Industry and Forestry", "Matrix Approaches to Abridged Life Cycle Assessment", "Critical surface-time 95", "Impact assessment of human and eco-toxicity", "MET-points method", "single figure performance indicator", "Allocation in LCA", "Macro-environmental policy", "Radionuclide intakes", "ICRP-Publication 30", "Radiological Protection recommendations", "ICRP-Publication 60", "Annual limits on intake of radionuclides", "ISO Technical Specification 14047", "ISO Technical Report 14049", "LCA data documentation format", "Evaluation and reporting guidelines for Life-cycle assessments case-studies", "Soil recovery time", "Site-dependent Life-cycle Impact Assessment", "Human Toxicity from Air Emissions", "Time-dependent ozone depletion potentials", "Environmental priority strategies in product development", "Stressors", "LCA Assessment Parameters", "Sub-activities", "Chain-oriented Issues", "risk analysis", "collective functions", "cascades", "site-specific aspects", "Environmental Audit", "assesses adverse effects on human safety and ecosystems", "accident risk analysis", "calamity risk", "Toxicological risk assessment", "personnel risks", "local resident risks", "ecological risks", "Population Effects", "Toxic Aspects", "Site-specific Risk Assessment", "Non-site-specific risk assessment", "substance hazard evaluation", "Waste Production", "Raw Materials Consumption", "impact routes", "economic supply chain", "environmental impacts inventory", "environmental compatibility", "sub-processes", "audits", "continual improvement function", "accounting system for substances and materials", "procedural component", "analytical component", "SETAC Working Group on Conceptually Related Programmes", "framework for categorising concepts and tools", "clean technology", "concepts", "firm", "project", "object of study is a system of discrete coherent activities", "set of processes", "Causal Chain", "Ethical aspects", "Function-oriented", "marketplace reality", "Potential environmental effect", "Burdens rather than concentrations", "Substance-oriented", "Environmental Impact Indicators", "Feature 2", "Heart of LCA", "Feature 3", "Feature 4", "Non-site-specific approach", "Time problem", "paint composition", "system variables", "method of application", "maintenance requirements", "stochastic variables", "paint systems", "lifetime", "time-dependence of normative values", "occurrence of environmental impacts as a function of time", "time-variation", "supply chain description", "time-dependence", "model matching reality", "network of economic activities", "economic network", "flows of substances", "Health Risks", "Product Standards", "Emission Control", "longitudinal issues", "individual activities", "Issues of Concern", "Classic Issues", "Chain-wide Issues", "SFA", "transverse issues", "Discharge Permits", "Local Environment Compatibility", "Local Optimisation", "Process-integrated Measures", "Chain of Activities", "reduced raw materials use", "waste strategies", "toxics control", "environmental technologies", "New fields of LCA application", "clusters of functions", "substance flow", "upgrading step", "primary extraction and production", "Lifestyle", "Shelter", "Leisure", "Protection", "Climate protection", "Living space", "cascade problem", "classical LCAs", "bulk materials", "cut-off method", "food and diet", "physical function", "use of various fabrics and dyes", "household management", "appliances to replace manual activities", "substitution of animal proteins", "different forms of leisure activity", "physical planning", "work", "Infrastructure and transportation", "urban water cycles", "building structures", "infrastructure projects", "Gasification", "Ultimate Waste", "temporal issues", "start of causal chain", "supply chain impacts", "complex functions", "hazardous waste incineration", "rail transport maintenance", "plastics waste collection", "partitioning of economic and environmental inputs and outputs", "multi-input processes", "input-output processes which cross system boundaries", "input-output processes", "Step 1: Avoidance by subprocess division or system expansion", "division into subprocesses", "Input and output data collection", "Product system expansion", "Additional functions related to co-products", "Allocation partitioning", "Physical relationships between inputs and outputs", "allocated subsystems", "sum of inputs and outputs equals unallocated system", "open-loop allocation", "uniform application to similar inputs and outputs", "changes during subsequent uses", "Virgin Material Displacement", "Open-Loop Recycling Allocation", "Transportation of packaged goods", "electrical output", "metallic outputs", "input-output allocation", "metallic outputs with economic value", "ISO 14041 Step 1.2", "System boundary expansion", "Non-Physical Relationships", "primary power production", "secondary output", "Monofunctional Databases", "negligible material flows", "quasi-closed-loop procedure", "semi-closed loop flows", "product group analysis", "polycarbonate", "cascaded system", "primary and secondary market system", "volume adjustment", "Cascading approach", "Kraft bleached paperboard", "quality method", "estafette method", "Schneider method", "Cascade Approach", "White Paper", "Journal", "50–50 method", "assumes return of material of the same quality to the same system", "waste disposal process", "compromise between rewarding use of secondary material and rewarding supply of recyclable material", "primary production allocation", "final waste disposal allocation", "material cascade", "material cascade analysis", "process UPGR", "process PROD B", "Weidema et al. (1999)", "intermediate input-output process", "marginal substitution", "positive economic value", "functional losses", "primary process substitution", "quality reduction", "USE A", "UPGR", "USE C", "Waste management function", "Product Upgrading", "economic value of flows", "Waste upgrading", "Environmental burden allocation", "delivering system", "Receiving system", "System boundary delineation", "feasible only for combined processes", "allocation according to shares in total proceeds", "receiving process", "burdens partitioning", "ISO procedure step 1.1", "burden separation", "marginal technology selection", "stone demolition waste", "concrete filler", "time horizon identification", "market scope assessment", "market volume trend", "technology choice", "material turnover of recycling process", "existing capacity", "secondary product system", "primary product system", "demand for primary product", "marginal waste-handling process", "stone", "concrete filler production", "crushing", "washing", "primary material avoidance", "primary material substitution", "partial substitution", "Weidema's symmetric substitution method", "Nested loops of subtraction", "Emergent markets", "Non-marginal Approaches", "Partitioning according to physical relationships among outputs", "Partitioning new material applications at system boundaries", "Waste disposal phase", "Consumption of product made from recovered material", "fat content", "economic value per kg", "economic proceeds per kg", "allocation of outputs", "allocation indicator", "Physical partitioning", "step 2 of allocation procedure", "cream production", "low-fat milk production", "relative economic value", "housing demolition waste", "Waste Incinerator Floor Ashes", "compulsory reuse", "government intervention", "unpriced or zero or negative price", "waste inflow to process", "product inflow to process", "product outflow from process", "process X", "Housing Demolition", "Pulverised Bricks", "materials provision", "discarded building", "Demolition Waste Flow", "Primary Materials Supply", "demolition process", "Allocation to be based on the share of each function in total proceeds", "processing of the discarded product", "housing construction", "housing function", "materials-providing function", "housing use process", "Road Production", "Payments to Road Builder", "Transport to processor", "ash storage in controlled landfill", "road building material use", "milk packaging incineration", "milk drinking", "incinerator ash", "Road Discarding", "Filling Material", "Floor Ashes", "Ash Processing Technologies", "environmental isolation of ashes", "ash-related waste management", "road-building alternative using incinerator ash", "final disposal of ash-containing waste", "primary sand", "can be reused as stable filling material", "Road Demolition", "Toxic Waste Treatment", "Consumer preferences", "Government-provided goods and services", "Public demand", "Political decision-making", "road built without floor ashes", "road with incinerator ash as filling material", "housing-plus-road analysis", "Road waste management", "Function system comparison", "consistent application across partitioning situations", "perfect market assumption", "recycling option", "recycling markets", "pricing for allocation", "Flow values", "System boundary specification", "Incinerator system", "multi-output allocation", "ISO 14043:2000", "ISO Technical Committee 207", "Subcommittee 5", "Technical requirements", "framework and guidance standard", "Environmental management − Life cycle assessment − Requirements and Guidelines", "LCA - Requirements and Guidelines", "general guidance", "specific guidance", "CD 14040", "CD 14044", "draft WD 14044", "Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal", "Unambiguous statement of comparative assertion intent", "Characterization", "identification of limitations", "LCA intended to be used for a comparative assertion intended to be disclosed to the public", "third party interests", "misuse of public application of LCA", "new standards", "Internal Critical Review", "Quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions", "Type II environmental labelling", "data calculation", "unit process indicator results", "life cycle stage indicator results", "ISO Guide 64"]