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{
"opportunity_id": "O1",
"id": 1,
"title": "Optimum Start/Stop Programming",
"section": "scheduling",
"cat": "scheduling",
"route": "/agents/scheduling/optimum-start-stop",
"scope": "HVAC energy",
"pct": 10,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Start/Stop Schedule \u2014 HVAC Run State",
"summary": "Automates HVAC start and stop times using zone temperatures and outdoor conditions instead of a fixed schedule, cutting operating hours while still meeting comfort by the time occupants arrive.",
"principle": "Calculates the latest possible start time and earliest possible stop time from real-time indoor/outdoor temperatures and the building's learned thermal response, adjusting automatically day to day.",
"practice": "Most systems start 2\u20133 hours before occupancy on a fixed schedule year-round regardless of season \u2014 wasteful during mild weather.",
"recommendation": "Verify occupancy times are current, confirm the enabling time suits seasonal extremes, and integrate with warm-up/cool-down and after-hours programs.",
"equipment": "365-day schedule, outdoor temperature sensor, zone temperature sensors, trend-logging capability, OSS control software",
"scenario": "One Sydney office cut HVAC operating hours ~17% (120 min/day) and energy use 12%, saving $35,280/yr with payback under 3 months.",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "occStart",
"label": "Occupancy Start Time",
"min": 7,
"max": 9.5,
"step": 0.5,
"default": 8.5,
"unit": "h"
},
{
"key": "severity",
"label": "Outdoor Temp Severity (mild \u2194 extreme)",
"min": 0,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 50,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": null,
"next_id": "O2",
"guide_page": 13,
"guide_section": "Section 2 \u2013 System supervisory control optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Automates HVAC start and stop times using zone temperatures and outdoor conditions instead of a fixed schedule, cutting operating hours while still meeting comfort by the time occupants arrive.",
"required_inputs": [
"occupancy schedule",
"current zone temperatures",
"zone temperature setpoints",
"outdoor air temperature",
"historical thermal response",
"warm-up/cool-down state",
"earliest start limit",
"scheduled occupancy time"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Determine the shortest required operating period while maintaining comfort: latest start and earliest stop from indoor/outdoor temperatures and learned thermal response. If historical thermal response is insufficient: WAIT_FOR_TELEMETRY / NO DATA \u2014 do not invent history.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"AHU schedules",
"zone temperature sensors",
"O/A temperature sensor",
"365-day occupancy schedule"
],
"risks": [
"Late start missing occupancy comfort",
"Insufficient thermal-history data",
"Conflicts with after-hours or warmup programs"
],
"benefits": [
"Fewer unnecessary operating hours",
"Comfort still targeted by occupancy start"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 10% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 10% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O1",
"page": 13,
"section": "Section 2 \u2013 System supervisory control optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O2",
"id": 2,
"title": "Space Temperature Set Points & Control Bands",
"section": "scheduling",
"cat": "scheduling",
"route": "/agents/scheduling/space-temperature",
"scope": "HVAC energy",
"pct": 20,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Heating/Cooling Output vs Time",
"summary": "Widens the dead band and proportional bands around the temperature set point so equipment runs less often and at lower intensity, without occupants noticing the difference.",
"principle": "A 1\u00b0C shift in set point can shift energy use by roughly 10%. Recommended ranges are 20\u201322\u00b0C in winter and 24\u201326\u00b0C in summer, with 2\u20133\u00b0C dead bands.",
"practice": "Many buildings hold a tight 22\u201322.5\u00b0C target year-round with narrow control bands, forcing unnecessary heating/cooling cycling.",
"recommendation": "Widen bands gradually (about 0.3\u00b0C at a time) so occupants can adjust, and switch PI/PID loops to P-only control where feasible.",
"equipment": "Adjustable-band temperature controllers, 0.1\u00b0C sensor increments where possible, BMS or standalone HVAC controller, occupant consultation plan",
"scenario": "A 20,000 m\u00b2 office saved ~$19,650/yr (128 t CO\u2082) with under a month's payback by widening bands and shifting the set point 0.5\u00b0C.",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "deadBand",
"label": "Dead Band",
"min": 1,
"max": 3,
"step": 0.5,
"default": 1,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
},
{
"key": "propBand",
"label": "Proportional Band",
"min": 0.5,
"max": 2,
"step": 0.25,
"default": 1,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
}
],
"prev_id": "O1",
"next_id": "O3",
"guide_page": 18,
"guide_section": "Section 2 \u2013 System supervisory control optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Widens the dead band and proportional bands around the temperature set point so equipment runs less often and at lower intensity, without occupants noticing the difference.",
"required_inputs": [
"zone temperature",
"cooling setpoint",
"heating setpoint",
"deadband",
"proportional band",
"deviation",
"occupancy",
"comfort limits"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Review setpoint, deadband, proportional band, deviation, differential and overshoot. Never change comfort limits without explicit configuration.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"zone temperature controllers",
"VAV/FCU zones",
"BMS space-temperature loops"
],
"risks": [
"Occupant complaints if bands change too quickly",
"Overshoot if proportional band is too narrow"
],
"benefits": [
"Less cycling and simultaneous heat/cool",
"Lower HVAC energy when bands are appropriate"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O2",
"page": 18,
"section": "Section 2 \u2013 System supervisory control optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O3",
"id": 3,
"title": "Master Air Handling Unit Supply Air Temperature Signal",
"section": "scheduling",
"cat": "scheduling",
"route": "/agents/scheduling/master-ahu-sat",
"scope": "HVAC energy",
"pct": 15,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Master Signal \u2014 High-Select vs Weighted Average",
"summary": "Replaces 'worst zone wins' supply-air control logic with a weighted average across the most-open VAV boxes, cutting simultaneous heating and cooling.",
"principle": "A weighted or percentile-based signal from multiple VAV zones sets the AHU supply temperature, rather than letting one extreme or faulty zone drive the whole system.",
"practice": "Most BMS use high-select logic \u2014 the single worst zone dictates supply air temperature, causing over-cooling and excess re-heat elsewhere.",
"recommendation": "Use an average of the 2\u20135 most-open VAV boxes or a percentile rank, and exclude known-faulty sensors from the calculation.",
"equipment": "Zone temperature sensors on every VAV box, weighting/percentile control software, damper-position feedback, coordination with set-point strategy",
"scenario": "Replacing high-select with a 5-box average, fixing faulty dampers, and rebalancing airflow cut HVAC energy ~10% with a 3-month payback.",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "numAvg",
"label": "Zones Averaged (1 = high-select)",
"min": 1,
"max": 5,
"step": 1,
"default": 3,
"unit": ""
},
{
"key": "faultBias",
"label": "Faulty Zone Sensor Bias",
"min": 0,
"max": 5,
"step": 0.5,
"default": 1.5,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
}
],
"prev_id": "O2",
"next_id": "O4",
"guide_page": 24,
"guide_section": "Section 2 \u2013 System supervisory control optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Replaces 'worst zone wins' supply-air control logic with a weighted average across the most-open VAV boxes, cutting simultaneous heating and cooling.",
"required_inputs": [
"zone temperatures",
"zone setpoints",
"VAV demand",
"AHU SAT",
"O/A temperature",
"occupancy",
"reheat demand",
"CHW/HW valve positions"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Use weighted zone demand (third-highest, configurable percentile). Do not blindly average all zones. Support blacklist/exclusion of faulty or problem zones.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"AHUs with VAV zones",
"zone SAT/demand feedback"
],
"risks": [
"Rogue or faulty zone driving SAT",
"Simultaneous cooling and reheat"
],
"benefits": [
"Better SAT vs actual demand",
"Reduced reheat from over-cooling"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 15% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 15% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O3",
"page": 24,
"section": "Section 2 \u2013 System supervisory control optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O4",
"id": 4,
"title": "Staging of Chillers & Compressors",
"section": "scheduling",
"cat": "scheduling",
"route": "/agents/scheduling/chiller-staging",
"scope": "chiller energy",
"pct": 10,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Chillers Staged On",
"summary": "Brings additional chillers online only when genuinely needed \u2014 based on sustained flow/temperature shortfall rather than simple return-temperature triggers.",
"principle": "Stage-up should require a sustained inability to meet the CHW flow or temperature set point (5\u201320 minute delay); stage-down should happen quickly once load drops.",
"practice": "Systems often stage on CHW return temperature with short delays, engaging extra chillers earlier than necessary and running them at inefficient part-load.",
"recommendation": "Add current-draw and calculated field-load criteria, maximize the stage-up delay, minimize stage-down delay, and lock out cooling calls at low ambient temperatures.",
"equipment": "Reliable cooling-call signal, CHW flow and temperature sensors, compressor current-draw monitoring, staging control logic",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "peakLoad",
"label": "Peak Cooling Load",
"min": 40,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 75,
"unit": "%"
},
{
"key": "stageDelay",
"label": "Stage-Up Delay",
"min": 5,
"max": 20,
"step": 1,
"default": 10,
"unit": "min"
}
],
"prev_id": "O3",
"next_id": "O5",
"guide_page": 29,
"guide_section": "Section 2 \u2013 System supervisory control optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Brings additional chillers online only when genuinely needed \u2014 based on sustained flow/temperature shortfall rather than simple return-temperature triggers.",
"required_inputs": [
"plant cooling load",
"chiller status",
"compressor status",
"capacity",
"efficiency",
"CHW temperatures",
"CW temperatures",
"operating hours",
"stage-up/stage-down criteria",
"lockout conditions"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Optimised staging with minimum stage time, delayed stage-up, faster stage-down, internal chiller-control coordination, and cooling-call lockouts. Minimise premature stage-up.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"chiller plant",
"compressors",
"CHW/CW sensors"
],
"risks": [
"Short-cycling",
"Inefficient part-load staging",
"Lockout misconfiguration"
],
"benefits": [
"Fewer unnecessary machines online",
"Better plant efficiency at part load"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 10% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 10% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O4",
"page": 29,
"section": "Section 2 \u2013 System supervisory control optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O5",
"id": 5,
"title": "Duct Static Pressure Reset",
"section": "plant-control",
"cat": "plant",
"route": "/agents/plant-control/duct-static-pressure",
"scope": "fan energy",
"pct": 30,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Supply Fan Power \u2014 Fixed vs Reset Static Pressure",
"summary": "Continuously lowers duct static pressure so VSD-driven supply fans work only as hard as the most-open VAV box requires, instead of holding a fixed high pressure.",
"principle": "Keeps a representative most-open VAV damper near 90\u201395% open, trimming fan speed at regular intervals (e.g. every 300 seconds).",
"practice": "Static pressure is usually fixed at a conservative, design-peak value that's far higher than needed for most of the year.",
"recommendation": "Reset pressure on a percentile basis rather than the single most-open box, since that box has often failed; verify VAV boxes aren't faulty before relying on them as feedback.",
"equipment": "Static pressure sensor on the index run, VSD fan controller, damper-position feedback from VAV boxes, reset control logic",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "demandAmp",
"label": "Peak Airflow Demand",
"min": 40,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 80,
"unit": "%"
},
{
"key": "targetOpen",
"label": "Target Most-Open VAV",
"min": 85,
"max": 98,
"step": 1,
"default": 92,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": "O4",
"next_id": "O6",
"guide_page": 35,
"guide_section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Continuously lowers duct static pressure so VSD-driven supply fans work only as hard as the most-open VAV box requires, instead of holding a fixed high pressure.",
"required_inputs": [
"duct static pressure",
"static pressure setpoint",
"VAV positions",
"fan speed",
"O/A temperature",
"zone temperatures",
"VAV minimum airflow",
"sensor quality"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Reduce static pressure/fan speed when demand allows, targeting the most-open VAV condition. Protect against pressure-sensor faults, VAV faults, unstable loops, motor minimum speed, and minimum VAV pressure.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"VSD supply fans",
"VAV boxes with damper feedback",
"duct static sensors"
],
"risks": [
"Unstable loops",
"Uncalibrated pressure sensors",
"VAV maintenance issues",
"Motor turndown limits"
],
"benefits": [
"Lower fan energy at part load"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 30% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 30% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O5",
"page": 35,
"section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O6",
"id": 6,
"title": "Heating Hot Water Temperature Reset",
"section": "plant-control",
"cat": "plant",
"route": "/agents/plant-control/temperature-reset?mode=HHW",
"scope": "hot water energy",
"pct": 5,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Heating Hot Water Flow Temperature",
"summary": "Runs boiler water at the lowest flow temperature that still meets heating demand, reserving high temperatures for extreme cold or warm-up periods.",
"principle": "Non-condensing boilers must stay above 55\u00b0C return temperature to avoid corrosion, while condensing boilers gain efficiency below that same threshold.",
"practice": "Many systems run a fixed HHW flow temperature regardless of load or outdoor conditions.",
"recommendation": "Reset flow temperature against outdoor and load conditions; use the condensing boiler as lead unit, boosting to 80\u201385\u00b0C only under peak demand.",
"equipment": "Field temperature sensors, controllers/data processors, reset control software, boiler sequencing logic",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "boilerType",
"label": "Boiler Type (0=Non-Condensing, 1=Condensing)",
"min": 0,
"max": 1,
"step": 1,
"default": 1,
"unit": ""
},
{
"key": "heatSeverity",
"label": "Heating Demand Severity",
"min": 0,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 60,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": "O5",
"next_id": "O7",
"guide_page": 40,
"guide_section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Runs boiler water at the lowest flow temperature that still meets heating demand, reserving high temperatures for extreme cold or warm-up periods.",
"required_inputs": [
"HHW supply temperature",
"HHW return temperature",
"space heating demand",
"outdoor temperature",
"valve positions",
"boiler operating state",
"equipment limits"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Provide the coolest heating water that satisfies demand while respecting equipment limits. For conventional boilers, preserve manufacturer-required return-temperature constraints. Never invent boiler limits.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"HHW boilers",
"heating coils",
"HHW pumps/valves"
],
"risks": [
"Condensation/corrosion if return temperature is too low on conventional boilers"
],
"benefits": [
"Lower heating-water energy and distribution losses"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 5% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 5% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O6",
"page": 40,
"section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O7",
"id": 7,
"title": "Chilled Water Temperature Reset",
"section": "plant-control",
"cat": "plant",
"route": "/agents/plant-control/temperature-reset?mode=CHW",
"scope": "chiller energy",
"pct": 15,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Chilled Water Supply Temperature",
"summary": "Raises chilled water temperature during mild weather so chillers work less hard, without sacrificing dehumidification when it actually matters.",
"principle": "Each 1\u00b0C rise in CHW temperature cuts compressor energy roughly 2\u20133% for fixed-speed units and 4\u20135% for variable-speed units.",
"practice": "CHW is typically fixed at 6\u20137\u00b0C year-round, sized for a design-day peak load that rarely occurs in practice.",
"recommendation": "Reset upward to around 10\u201312\u00b0C in mild conditions, weighing the gain against any added pumping or airflow energy \u2014 especially on long CHW circuits.",
"equipment": "Supply/return temperature sensors, field load indication, reset control software, humidity monitoring",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "compType",
"label": "Compressor Type (0=Fixed-Speed, 1=VSD)",
"min": 0,
"max": 1,
"step": 1,
"default": 0,
"unit": ""
},
{
"key": "loadSeverity",
"label": "Cooling Load Severity",
"min": 40,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 80,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": "O6",
"next_id": "O8",
"guide_page": 40,
"guide_section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Raises chilled water temperature during mild weather so chillers work less hard, without sacrificing dehumidification when it actually matters.",
"required_inputs": [
"CHW supply",
"CHW return",
"cooling load",
"zone demand",
"valve positions",
"chiller efficiency",
"O/A temperature",
"humidity where applicable"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Provide the warmest CHW that still satisfies cooling demand while minimising total plant energy, not one component in isolation.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"chillers",
"CHW coils",
"secondary CHW loops"
],
"risks": [
"Latent/humidity issues if CHW is too warm",
"Local coil starvation"
],
"benefits": [
"Higher chiller efficiency at warmer leaving water when demand allows"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 15% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 15% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O7",
"page": 40,
"section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O8",
"id": 8,
"title": "Condenser Water Temperature Reset",
"section": "plant-control",
"cat": "plant",
"route": "/agents/plant-control/temperature-reset?mode=CW",
"scope": "chiller energy",
"pct": 15,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Condenser Water Temperature",
"summary": "Lowers condenser water temperature to track outdoor wet-bulb conditions, cutting compressor load \u2014 balanced against cooling tower fan energy.",
"principle": "Each 1\u00b0C drop in CW temperature cuts compressor energy roughly 2\u20133% (fixed-speed) to 4\u20135% (variable-speed); towers are typically designed for a 3\u20134\u00b0C approach to wet-bulb.",
"practice": "CW temperature is usually held constant regardless of ambient wet-bulb conditions, wasting the free capacity available in cooler weather.",
"recommendation": "Modulate cooling tower fan speed to approach \u2014 not undercut \u2014 the manufacturer's minimum CW temperature; run multiple fans together at part-load rather than cycling.",
"equipment": "Wet-bulb/CW temperature sensors, VSD-controlled tower fans, reset control software, manufacturer minimum-temperature spec",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "wetBulbMean",
"label": "Ambient Wet-Bulb (avg)",
"min": 10,
"max": 28,
"step": 1,
"default": 20,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
},
{
"key": "approach",
"label": "Tower Approach",
"min": 3,
"max": 5,
"step": 0.5,
"default": 3.5,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
}
],
"prev_id": "O7",
"next_id": "O9",
"guide_page": 40,
"guide_section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Lowers condenser water temperature to track outdoor wet-bulb conditions, cutting compressor load \u2014 balanced against cooling tower fan energy.",
"required_inputs": [
"CW supply",
"CW return",
"condenser load",
"outdoor conditions",
"cooling tower state",
"chiller efficiency",
"pump/fan status"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Provide the coolest condenser water that is beneficial to total system energy without violating equipment limits.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"cooling towers",
"CW pumps",
"water-cooled chillers"
],
"risks": [
"Tower/approach limits",
"Chiller low-CW lockouts",
"Plant energy trade-off vs tower fans"
],
"benefits": [
"Lower compressor energy when cooler CW is available and allowed"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 15% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 15% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O8",
"page": 40,
"section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O9",
"id": 9,
"title": "Retrofit of Electronic Expansion Valve",
"section": "plant-control",
"cat": "plant",
"route": "/agents/plant-control/electronic-expansion-valve",
"scope": "compressor energy",
"pct": 15,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Superheat-Related Compressor Efficiency Loss",
"summary": "Replacing older thermostatic expansion valves with electronic ones gives tighter refrigerant control and a smaller required superheat margin, improving compressor efficiency.",
"principle": "EEVs regulate refrigerant flow more precisely than mechanical TXVs, reducing the superheat buffer needed to protect compressors from liquid slugging.",
"practice": "Systems older than 5\u201310 years typically still run TXVs, which drift with wear and are set conservatively for safety.",
"recommendation": "Retrofit EEVs on larger DX circuits, ideally alongside variable head-pressure control upgrades for compounding savings.",
"equipment": "Temperature/pressure field sensors, controllers, EEV hardware, manufacturer retrofit guidance",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "valveType",
"label": "Valve Type (0=TXV, 1=EEV)",
"min": 0,
"max": 1,
"step": 1,
"default": 0,
"unit": ""
},
{
"key": "loadVar",
"label": "Load Variability",
"min": 0,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 60,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": "O8",
"next_id": "O10",
"guide_page": 45,
"guide_section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Replacing older thermostatic expansion valves with electronic ones gives tighter refrigerant control and a smaller required superheat margin, improving compressor efficiency.",
"required_inputs": [
"TXV/EEV type",
"refrigeration system type",
"refrigerant",
"superheat",
"compressor load",
"system age",
"system capacity",
"remaining economic life",
"variable-load characteristics"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Engineering retrofit recommendation only \u2014 do not automatically control refrigerant. Guide identifies ~2\u20133\u00b0C superheat as an EEV control region and ~5\u20137\u00b0C for TXV adjustment where EEV retrofit is not cost-effective. Manufacturer review required.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"larger DX refrigeration circuits",
"air-cooled/water-cooled DX"
],
"risks": [
"Warranty void without manufacturer advice",
"Incorrect superheat harming compressors"
],
"benefits": [
"Better part-load expansion control when EEV is applicable"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 15% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 15% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "advisory",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O9",
"page": 45,
"section": "Section 3 \u2013 Plant control parameter optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O10",
"id": 10,
"title": "Economy Cycle",
"section": "ventilation",
"cat": "ventilation",
"route": "/agents/ventilation-airflow/economy-cycle",
"scope": "compressor energy",
"pct": 20,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Compressor Load \u2014 With/Without Economy Cycle",
"summary": "Uses outdoor air directly for cooling whenever it holds less total energy than return air, cutting mechanical cooling load while improving indoor air quality.",
"principle": "Should be enabled based on enthalpy or dew point comparison against return air \u2014 not outdoor temperature or relative humidity alone.",
"practice": "Many economy cycles are disabled, mis-tuned to overly narrow temperature bands, or broken due to faulty humidity sensors and dampers.",
"recommendation": "Enable when outdoor dew point is below ~12\u00b0C or enthalpy is at least 10 kJ/kg below return air; ensure lock-out during fire mode and high-humidity conditions.",
"equipment": "Return and outdoor air temperature/humidity sensors, DDC controllers, correctly sized O/A and relief-air dampers, economy-cycle software",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "oatMean",
"label": "Outdoor Temp (avg)",
"min": 10,
"max": 30,
"step": 1,
"default": 18,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
},
{
"key": "dewPoint",
"label": "Outdoor Dew Point",
"min": 0,
"max": 20,
"step": 1,
"default": 10,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
}
],
"prev_id": "O9",
"next_id": "O11",
"guide_page": 49,
"guide_section": "Section 4 \u2013 Ventilation and air flow optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Uses outdoor air directly for cooling whenever it holds less total energy than return air, cutting mechanical cooling load while improving indoor air quality.",
"required_inputs": [
"outdoor air temperature",
"outdoor air humidity",
"outdoor air enthalpy",
"return air temperature",
"return air humidity",
"return air enthalpy",
"zone cooling setpoint",
"supply air temperature",
"damper positions",
"cooling call",
"fire mode",
"IAQ status"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Activate from measured conditions: cooling call active, outdoor-air total energy lower than return air, and outdoor/internal conditions inside operating limits. Guide typical beneficial region: O/A ~10\u201320\u00b0C, enthalpy <52 kJ/kg, dew point <12\u00b0C \u2014 consider O/A temperature, R/A temperature and dew point/enthalpy. Disable in fire mode, invalid sensors, unsuitable outdoor air; protect pressurization, IAQ, and dampers.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"AHUs with economy/economizer dampers",
"O/A and R/A temperature/humidity sensors"
],
"risks": [
"Humidity/IAQ issues",
"Fire-mode damper conflict",
"Sensor faults enabling free cooling incorrectly"
],
"benefits": [
"Compressor-off free cooling when outdoor air is suitable"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O10",
"page": 49,
"section": "Section 4 \u2013 Ventilation and air flow optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O11",
"id": 11,
"title": "Night Purge",
"section": "ventilation",
"cat": "ventilation",
"route": "/agents/ventilation-airflow/night-purge",
"scope": "compressor start-up energy",
"pct": 20,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Indoor Temperature Pre-Occupancy",
"summary": "Flushes accumulated heat out of the building with cool early-morning outdoor air just before start-up, reducing the mechanical cooling load needed at occupancy.",
"principle": "Mechanical night purge only saves energy when outdoor air is significantly cooler and drier than indoor air (dew point below 12\u00b0C, 4\u20135\u00b0C temperature difference) and is timed for roughly 30\u201360 minutes before start-up.",
"practice": "Night purge is often disabled, left running too long, or conflicts with subsequent heating \u2014 negating its intended benefit.",
"recommendation": "Limit to selected AHUs, disable heating for at least an hour afterward, and reserve full-night operation for purely natural-ventilation systems.",
"equipment": "Field temperature/humidity sensors, controllers, automated outdoor/return/relief air dampers, night purge software",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "overnightLow",
"label": "Overnight Outdoor Low",
"min": 10,
"max": 25,
"step": 1,
"default": 16,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
},
{
"key": "residual",
"label": "Residual Indoor Temp (pre-purge)",
"min": 24,
"max": 30,
"step": 0.5,
"default": 27,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
}
],
"prev_id": "O10",
"next_id": "O12",
"guide_page": 54,
"guide_section": "Section 4 \u2013 Ventilation and air flow optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Flushes accumulated heat out of the building with cool early-morning outdoor air just before start-up, reducing the mechanical cooling load needed at occupancy.",
"required_inputs": [
"zone temperature",
"cooling setpoint",
"outdoor temperature",
"outdoor humidity/dew point",
"occupancy schedule",
"purge window",
"AHU state",
"fan energy",
"previous purge state"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Mechanical night purge when AHU average zone temperature is sufficiently above cooling setpoint, shortly before morning startup, O/A sufficiently cooler than indoor air, favourable humidity/dew-point, and fan energy must not exceed expected cooling benefit. Guide example: ~1.5\u00b0C above cooling setpoint and approximately 3\u20135\u00b0C cooler outdoor air.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"AHUs with night-purge capability",
"occupancy schedules"
],
"risks": [
"Fan energy exceeding cooling benefit",
"Conflict with heating/reheat",
"Humidity"
],
"benefits": [
"Pre-cool building mass with outdoor air when conditions allow"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O11",
"page": 54,
"section": "Section 4 \u2013 Ventilation and air flow optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O12",
"id": 12,
"title": "Demand Control Ventilation \u2014 CO\u2082",
"section": "ventilation",
"cat": "ventilation",
"route": "/agents/ventilation-airflow/demand-ventilation",
"scope": "outdoor air conditioning energy",
"pct": 20,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Outdoor Air Ventilation Rate",
"summary": "Uses CO\u2082 sensors as an occupancy proxy to trim outdoor air intake in spaces with variable occupancy, cutting the heating/cooling load tied to ventilation air.",
"principle": "CO\u2082 set points around 800\u20131,000 ppm balance energy savings against indoor air quality, since discomfort typically isn't detected until 1,500\u20132,000 ppm.",
"practice": "Ventilation is often oversupplied at all times, or run on a fixed timer that ignores actual occupancy levels.",
"recommendation": "Best suited to meeting rooms, foyers, cinemas, and shopping malls; use proportional-only control and never fully shut off ventilation.",
"equipment": "CO\u2082 sensors, modulating O/A dampers or variable-speed fans, DCV control software, AS 1668.2 compliance check",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "peakOcc",
"label": "Peak Occupancy",
"min": 20,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 80,
"unit": "%"
},
{
"key": "co2SP",
"label": "CO\u2082 Set Point",
"min": 600,
"max": 1000,
"step": 25,
"default": 800,
"unit": "ppm"
}
],
"prev_id": "O11",
"next_id": "O13",
"guide_page": 59,
"guide_section": "Section 4 \u2013 Ventilation and air flow optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Uses CO\u2082 sensors as an occupancy proxy to trim outdoor air intake in spaces with variable occupancy, cutting the heating/cooling load tied to ventilation air.",
"required_inputs": [
"CO2 sensors",
"zone occupancy",
"O/A flow",
"damper position",
"fan speed",
"ventilation minimum",
"operating schedule"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Use CO2 as occupancy/IAQ indicator and modulate outdoor air. Guide discusses typical CO2 setpoint ranges around 600\u2013800 ppm and ~800\u20131000 ppm as an energy-efficiency target range depending on application/standards. Configurable and source-labeled \u2014 not a universal legal limit.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"occupied-space CO2 sensors",
"OA dampers",
"VAV/AHU ventilation"
],
"risks": [
"Underventilation if sensors fail",
"Standards/code applicability"
],
"benefits": [
"Less outdoor-air conditioning when spaces are sparsely occupied"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O12",
"page": 59,
"section": "Section 4 \u2013 Ventilation and air flow optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O13",
"id": 13,
"title": "Demand Control Ventilation \u2014 CO",
"section": "ventilation",
"cat": "ventilation",
"route": "/agents/ventilation-airflow/dcv-co",
"scope": "carpark fan energy",
"pct": 80,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Carpark Ventilation Fan Power",
"summary": "Ties carpark ventilation fan speed to measured carbon monoxide levels via VSDs, instead of running fans continuously at full speed.",
"principle": "Fan power follows the cube of flow rate, so a 50% flow reduction can cut fan power by up to 87%. AS 1668.2 sets CO limits of 30 ppm (staffed) and 60 ppm (unstaffed).",
"practice": "Carpark fans are commonly left running continuously at full speed, or switched off entirely \u2014 a safety risk in the second case.",
"recommendation": "Install CO sensors with VSD-controlled fans and a high-select control signal spanning all sensor zones.",
"equipment": "CO sensors across carpark zones, VSD-controlled fans, DCV control software, AS 1668.2 compliance verification",
"scenario": "One carpark cut ventilation energy 60% (315,360 kWh/yr, $47,304/yr) after installing CO/VSD controls \u2014 payback in 1.8 years.",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "peakDensity",
"label": "Peak Car Density",
"min": 10,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 55,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": "O12",
"next_id": "O14",
"guide_page": 59,
"guide_section": "Section 4 \u2013 Ventilation and air flow optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Ties carpark ventilation fan speed to measured carbon monoxide levels via VSDs, instead of running fans continuously at full speed.",
"required_inputs": [
"CO sensors",
"highest CO",
"fan speed",
"airflow",
"zone/area",
"operating state",
"ventilation requirements"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Carparks and loading docks. CO master signal should be high-select. Use stored configured AS 1668.2 / site limits. Do not invent safety thresholds. Safety dominates energy optimization.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"carpark/loading-dock CO sensors",
"exhaust/supply fans"
],
"risks": [
"Toxic exposure if energy reset overrides safety",
"Sensor failure"
],
"benefits": [
"Fan energy reduction when CO is low while retaining high-select safety"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 80% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 80% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O13",
"page": 59,
"section": "Section 4 \u2013 Ventilation and air flow optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O14",
"id": 14,
"title": "Optimised Secondary Chilled Water Pumping",
"section": "variable-speed",
"cat": "variablespeed",
"route": "/agents/variable-speed/chilled-water-pump",
"scope": "pumping energy",
"pct": 30,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Secondary CHW Pump Power",
"summary": "Lets secondary CHW pump speed float down whenever no valve needs full pressure, instead of holding a fixed pressure sized for peak summer load.",
"principle": "Resets the pressure differential set point so the most-open CHW valve stays near 95% open \u2014 delivering water at the lowest pressure that still meets demand.",
"practice": "Pumps typically hold a constant pressure set point sized for design-peak flow, wasting energy for nearly the whole year.",
"recommendation": "Convert 3-port valves to 2-port where needed to enable true variable flow, then apply automated pressure-reset software at regular intervals.",
"equipment": "CHW pressure-differential sensors, DDC controllers, SCHW control software, VSDs on secondary pumps, 2-port valve conversion where required",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "loadAmp",
"label": "Peak Cooling Load",
"min": 40,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 75,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": "O13",
"next_id": "O15",
"guide_page": 67,
"guide_section": "Section 5 \u2013 Variable speed based optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Lets secondary CHW pump speed float down whenever no valve needs full pressure, instead of holding a fixed pressure sized for peak summer load.",
"required_inputs": [
"CHW valve positions",
"most-open valve",
"CHW differential pressure",
"pump speed",
"pump power",
"CHW load",
"pump limits"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "When valves are below the maximum target opening, reduce secondary pump speed/pressure incrementally while maintaining the most-open valve near the guide target (~95%). Do not display predicted kW saving unless enough actual input data exists.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"secondary CHW pumps with VSD",
"2-port CHW valves",
"DP sensors"
],
"risks": [
"Starved coils if reset is too aggressive",
"Stuck-open valves as false index"
],
"benefits": [
"Lower SCHW pump energy at part load"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 30% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 30% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O14",
"page": 67,
"section": "Section 5 \u2013 Variable speed based optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O15",
"id": 15,
"title": "Variable Head Pressure \u2014 Air-Cooled",
"section": "variable-speed",
"cat": "variablespeed",
"route": "/agents/variable-speed/air-cooled-head-pressure",
"scope": "condenser fan energy",
"pct": 30,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Condenser Fan Power \u2014 Air-Cooled",
"summary": "Uses VSD-controlled condenser fans to hold the minimum head pressure that still lets expansion valves work correctly, instead of simple fan on/off cycling.",
"principle": "Air-cooled condensing temperature is typically maintained 8\u201312\u00b0C above ambient dry-bulb; VSD or EC-motor fans track this far more precisely than staged switching.",
"practice": "Most systems cycle single- or multi-speed condenser fans on and off, over- or under-condensing between cycles.",
"recommendation": "Pair with EEV retrofits for compounding savings, and confirm the strategy with the equipment manufacturer before implementing.",
"equipment": "Temperature/pressure sensors, controllers, VSD- or EC-motor-driven condenser fans, manufacturer head-pressure spec",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "ambientMean",
"label": "Ambient Temp (avg)",
"min": 10,
"max": 35,
"step": 1,
"default": 20,
"unit": "\u00b0C"
}
],
"prev_id": "O14",
"next_id": "O16",
"guide_page": 71,
"guide_section": "Section 5 \u2013 Variable speed based optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Uses VSD-controlled condenser fans to hold the minimum head pressure that still lets expansion valves work correctly, instead of simple fan on/off cycling.",
"required_inputs": [
"ambient dry bulb",
"condensing temperature",
"head pressure",
"refrigerant",
"compressor state",
"condenser fan speed",
"fan power",
"manufacturer limits"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "VSD/EC condenser fans hold minimum head pressure that still allows expansion valves to work. Guide: air-cooled condensing temperature typically ~8\u201312\u00b0C above ambient dry bulb \u2014 use as strategy, make equipment-specific limits configurable. Manufacturer review required.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"air-cooled condensers",
"VSD or EC condenser fans"
],
"risks": [
"Over-condensing with TXVs",
"Compressor oil return",
"Warranty if manufacturer not consulted"
],
"benefits": [
"Lower condenser-fan energy at part load"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 30% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 30% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O15",
"page": 71,
"section": "Section 5 \u2013 Variable speed based optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O16",
"id": 16,
"title": "Variable Head Pressure \u2014 Water-Cooled",
"section": "variable-speed",
"cat": "variablespeed",
"route": "/agents/variable-speed/water-cooled-head-pressure",
"scope": "CW pump energy",
"pct": 30,
"x_type": "hour",
"sim_label": "Condenser Water Pump Power \u2014 Water-Cooled",
"summary": "Matches condenser water flow to actual heat-rejection needs via VSD pumps or modulating valves, and shuts off flow entirely to idle units.",
"principle": "Single units use direct VSD pump control; multiple units sharing one pump use modulating head-pressure valves to control flow per unit.",
"practice": "CW commonly flows at a constant, manufacturer- or designer-specified rate even when units are idle or running at part-load.",
"recommendation": "Isolate CW to units that are off using 2-port valves, and avoid over-condensing, which wastes pump energy without any operational benefit.",
"equipment": "Temperature/pressure sensors, CW pump, head-pressure control valves, VSD controllers, 2-port isolation valves",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "loadAmp",
"label": "Peak Cooling Load",
"min": 40,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 75,
"unit": "%"
},
{
"key": "idlePct",
"label": "Units Idle (isolated when off)",
"min": 0,
"max": 50,
"step": 5,
"default": 20,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": "O15",
"next_id": "O17",
"guide_page": 74,
"guide_section": "Section 5 \u2013 Variable speed based optimisations",
"strategy_summary": "Matches condenser water flow to actual heat-rejection needs via VSD pumps or modulating valves, and shuts off flow entirely to idle units.",
"required_inputs": [
"condenser pressure",
"condenser temperature",
"CW supply/return",
"CW flow",
"pump speed",
"pump power",
"modulating valve position",
"AC unit status"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Single AC unit: VSD-controlled CW pump. Multiple AC units on common CW: CW modulating head-pressure valves. When equipment is off, CW isolation must follow equipment/manufacturer design requirements.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"water-cooled DX units",
"CW pumps",
"head-pressure valves"
],
"risks": [
"Flow to idle units",
"Insufficient head pressure",
"Isolation valve design mismatch"
],
"benefits": [
"Lower CW pumping energy at part load and when units are off"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 30% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 30% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "control",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O16",
"page": 74,
"section": "Section 5 \u2013 Variable speed based optimisations"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O17",
"id": 17,
"title": "Energy Management Planning",
"section": "operations",
"cat": "om",
"route": "/agents/operations-maintenance/energy-management-planning",
"scope": "total energy",
"pct": 50,
"x_type": "month",
"sim_label": "Relative Building Energy Index (Month 1 = 100)",
"summary": "Establishes a documented, cross-team energy management plan \u2014 linking senior management, operators, and contractors \u2014 so optimizations are sustained rather than quietly reverting.",
"principle": "Combines monitoring and reporting, SMART energy targets, measurement and verification, and stakeholder communication to keep gains in place long-term.",
"practice": "Many sites have no energy management documentation and little coordination between facility managers, maintenance contractors, and senior management.",
"recommendation": "Hold regular (three- to six-monthly) cross-team reviews, document a facility-specific plan, and communicate goals and progress to occupants.",
"equipment": "Energy management plan document, BMS/utility/sub-meter reporting, designated sustainability lead, occupant communication channel",
"scenario": "One office cut electricity and gas use 15% (~$61,000/yr, 418 t CO\u2082) after adopting a documented plan and training \u2014 payback under 6 months.",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "coordScore",
"label": "Program Coordination Score",
"min": 0,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 55,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": "O16",
"next_id": "O18",
"guide_page": 81,
"guide_section": "Section 6 \u2013 Best practice HVAC operation and maintenance",
"strategy_summary": "Establishes a documented, cross-team energy management plan \u2014 linking senior management, operators, and contractors \u2014 so optimizations are sustained rather than quietly reverting.",
"required_inputs": [
"energy data if available",
"utility data",
"BMS trends",
"maintenance findings",
"equipment inventory",
"opportunity statuses",
"energy targets",
"previous plans"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "O&M planning agent. Do not automatically write HVAC setpoints. Site-specific initiatives, monthly targets, BMS/utility/maintenance data, stakeholder coordination, documentation, training, and regular reporting.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"facility energy-management process",
"not a setpoint loop"
],
"risks": [
"Plan without measurement/verification",
"Gains reverting without governance"
],
"benefits": [
"Sustained optimisation through documented targets and reviews"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 50% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 50% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "advisory",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O17",
"page": 81,
"section": "Section 6 \u2013 Best practice HVAC operation and maintenance"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O18",
"id": 18,
"title": "Energy Management Training & Awareness",
"section": "operations",
"cat": "om",
"route": "/agents/operations-maintenance/training-awareness",
"scope": "total energy",
"pct": 10,
"x_type": "month",
"sim_label": "Relative Energy Index (Month 1 = 100)",
"summary": "Formal and informal training for operators, maintenance staff, and occupants closes the knowledge gaps that quietly waste energy day to day.",
"principle": "Buildings with better-informed facility managers and active training programs measurably outperform on NABERS Energy ratings.",
"practice": "Operators and maintenance staff are often undertrained on site-specific HVAC controls and the energy impact of ad hoc changes.",
"recommendation": "Provide site-specific technical training for maintenance staff and procedural training for management; document training requirements by role. Advisory only \u2014 no HVAC dispatch.",
"equipment": "Training materials, live training register, periodic awareness sessions or newsletters, new-starter onboarding pack",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "coverage",
"label": "Training Coverage",
"min": 0,
"max": 100,
"step": 5,
"default": 50,
"unit": "%"
}
],
"prev_id": "O17",
"next_id": "O19",
"guide_page": 86,
"guide_section": "Section 6 \u2013 Best practice HVAC operation and maintenance",
"strategy_summary": "Formal and informal training for operators, maintenance staff, and occupants closes the knowledge gaps that quietly waste energy day to day.",
"required_inputs": [
"training programs",
"target groups",
"completion records",
"awareness campaigns"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "No equipment dispatch. Formal training vs informal awareness. Site-specific documentation. Guide groups: facility managers, HVAC operators, maintenance personnel, contractors, sustainability team, occupants.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"people and procedures, not plant setpoints"
],
"risks": [
"Ad hoc control changes from untrained operators"
],
"benefits": [
"Better-informed operation and occupant behaviour"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 10% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 10% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "advisory",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O18",
"page": 86,
"section": "Section 6 \u2013 Best practice HVAC operation and maintenance"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O19",
"id": 19,
"title": "Energy Efficiency Maintenance",
"section": "operations",
"cat": "om",
"route": "/agents/operations-maintenance/equipment-maintenance",
"scope": "HVAC energy",
"pct": 20,
"x_type": "month",
"sim_label": "Relative HVAC Energy Index (Month 1 = 100)",
"summary": "Adds energy-efficiency KPIs and inspection routines to standard maintenance contracts, keeping plant running near its designed performance instead of drifting.",
"principle": "Performance-based maintenance contracts with efficiency incentives measurably outperform standard, compliance-only contracts.",
"practice": "Maintenance is usually scoped only for statutory compliance and occupant comfort, not energy performance.",
"recommendation": "Build a site-specific maintenance schedule, calibrate sensors at least every six months, and verify control strategies stay compatible across systems. Maintenance records only \u2014 no setpoint writes.",
"equipment": "Documented maintenance schedule, sensor calibration program, trained maintenance personnel, performance-based contract terms",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "freq",
"label": "Maintenance Checks / Year",
"min": 0,
"max": 12,
"step": 1,
"default": 4,
"unit": "/yr"
}
],
"prev_id": "O18",
"next_id": "O20",
"guide_page": 88,
"guide_section": "Section 6 \u2013 Best practice HVAC operation and maintenance",
"strategy_summary": "Adds energy-efficiency KPIs and inspection routines to standard maintenance contracts, keeping plant running near its designed performance instead of drifting.",
"required_inputs": [
"equipment health",
"maintenance findings",
"schedules",
"sensor/control inspection status"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "No HVAC setpoint dispatch. Site-specific schedules, inspections, trained personnel, performance KPIs, performance-based maintenance. Include O/A T/RH, S/A T, CO/CO2, CHW/HW T, velocity, pressure, dampers, fans/VSD, BMS trends.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"HVAC plant inspection and calibration program"
],
"risks": [
"Drift from uncalibrated sensors",
"Failed VAVs/dampers undermining reset strategies"
],
"benefits": [
"Plant stays closer to designed performance"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 20% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "advisory",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O19",
"page": 88,
"section": "Section 6 \u2013 Best practice HVAC operation and maintenance"
}
},
{
"opportunity_id": "O20",
"id": 20,
"title": "Management of System Control Software",
"section": "operations",
"cat": "om",
"route": "/agents/operations-maintenance/control-software",
"scope": "HVAC energy",
"pct": 10,
"x_type": "month",
"sim_label": "Optimized Settings Retained",
"summary": "Protects hard-won BMS settings from being lost to software patches, factory resets, or undocumented ad hoc changes.",
"principle": "Restricting system access, logging changes, and maintaining backups prevents optimized settings from silently reverting to defaults.",
"practice": "Many systems are managed informally, with no change log and a real risk of reverting to factory defaults after a patch.",
"recommendation": "Assign unique log-ins, maintain a change log, back up software off-site, and document control settings against the energy management plan. Change-request only \u2014 no auto deploy.",
"equipment": "Access-controlled BMS accounts, off-site backup storage, antivirus/firewall protection, maintained change log",
"sliders": [
{
"key": "accessCtrl",
"label": "Access Control (0=Open, 1=Restricted)",
"min": 0,
"max": 1,
"step": 1,
"default": 1,
"unit": ""
},
{
"key": "backupFreq",
"label": "Backup Frequency",
"min": 0,
"max": 12,
"step": 1,
"default": 4,
"unit": "/yr"
}
],
"prev_id": "O19",
"next_id": null,
"guide_page": 93,
"guide_section": "Section 6 \u2013 Best practice HVAC operation and maintenance",
"strategy_summary": "Protects hard-won BMS settings from being lost to software patches, factory resets, or undocumented ad hoc changes.",
"required_inputs": [
"BMS software inventory",
"controller inventory",
"versions",
"backup status",
"change log",
"schedule validation"
],
"recommended_control_logic": "Governance/audit only \u2014 no login and no direct BMS software modification from this page. Documented control settings, change logs, backups, controlled programming changes, event logs, documented procedures.",
"equipment_applicability": [
"BMS/controllers as configuration assets"
],
"risks": [
"Factory-default revert after patches",
"Undocumented setpoint changes"
],
"benefits": [
"Retained optimized settings and traceable change control"
],
"guide_savings_potential": "Up to 10% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"guide_potential": "Up to 10% (guide potential; not measured savings)",
"energy_impact_class": "GUIDE_POTENTIAL",
"control_kind": "advisory",
"source_reference": {
"document": "150317hvacguide.pdf",
"publisher": "NSW Office of Environment and Heritage / AIRAH",
"title": "Optimising your heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems",
"opportunity": "O20",
"page": 93,
"section": "Section 6 \u2013 Best practice HVAC operation and maintenance"
}
}
] |