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"""
Stage E — Two-head model for 5-class word complexity + 3-class reason.

No regression head. Outputs are discrete levels (Very Easy → Very Hard) and,
when Hard/Very Hard, one of three explainable difficulty causes.

Novel architecture (publish contribution): one encoder, dual heads, masked
reason loss, target-span pooling for word-in-context LCP.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer, PreTrainedTokenizer

from linguistic_features import N_LINGUISTIC_FEATURES
from utils import (
    MODELS,
    POOLING_CLS_CONCAT,
    POOLING_CLS_ONLY,
    POOLING_SPAN,
    POOLING_TGT_MARKER,
    TGT_END_TOKEN,
    TGT_TOKEN,
)


@dataclass
class ModelOutput:
    level_logits: torch.Tensor
    reason_logits: torch.Tensor
    pooled: torch.Tensor


class TwoHeadModel(nn.Module):
    """Shared encoder with level (5-class) and reason (3-class) heads."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        model_name: str = MODELS["deberta"],
        hidden_dropout: float = 0.1,
        pooling_mode: str = POOLING_SPAN,
        use_linguistic_features: bool = False,
        # Legacy alias: cls_concat maps to cls_concat pooling
        use_cls_concat: bool | None = None,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        if use_cls_concat is not None:
            pooling_mode = POOLING_CLS_CONCAT if use_cls_concat else POOLING_SPAN

        self.encoder = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_name, torch_dtype=torch.float32)
        hidden = self.encoder.config.hidden_size
        self.pooling_mode = pooling_mode
        self.use_linguistic_features = use_linguistic_features
        self.model_name = model_name

        extra = N_LINGUISTIC_FEATURES if use_linguistic_features else 0
        if pooling_mode == POOLING_CLS_CONCAT:
            head_in = hidden * 2 + extra
        else:
            head_in = hidden + extra

        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(hidden_dropout)
        self.level_head = nn.Linear(head_in, 5)
        self.reason_head = nn.Linear(head_in, 3)

        self._tgt_id: Optional[int] = None
        self._tgt_end_id: Optional[int] = None

    def set_tgt_token_ids(self, tgt_id: int, tgt_end_id: int | None = None) -> None:
        self._tgt_id = tgt_id
        self._tgt_end_id = tgt_end_id

    def set_tgt_token_id(self, tgt_id: int) -> None:
        self.set_tgt_token_ids(tgt_id, self._tgt_end_id)

    def _span_pool(self, last_hidden: torch.Tensor, input_ids: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Mean-pool token hidden states inside [TGT] ... [/TGT] (target word subwords)."""
        batch_size = input_ids.size(0)
        pooled = []
        cls_vec = last_hidden[:, 0, :]

        for i in range(batch_size):
            ids = input_ids[i]
            open_pos = (ids == self._tgt_id).nonzero(as_tuple=True)[0] if self._tgt_id is not None else None
            if open_pos is None or len(open_pos) == 0:
                pooled.append(cls_vec[i])
                continue

            start = int(open_pos[0].item()) + 1
            end = len(ids)
            if self._tgt_end_id is not None:
                close_pos = (ids == self._tgt_end_id).nonzero(as_tuple=True)[0]
                close_after = close_pos[close_pos > open_pos[0]]
                if len(close_after) > 0:
                    end = int(close_after[0].item())

            span_idx = [j for j in range(start, end) if ids[j].item() != 0]  # skip pad
            if not span_idx:
                pooled.append(last_hidden[i, int(open_pos[0].item()), :])
            else:
                vecs = last_hidden[i, span_idx, :]
                pooled.append(vecs.mean(dim=0))

        return torch.stack(pooled, dim=0)

    def _first_marker_pool(self, last_hidden: torch.Tensor, input_ids: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        cls_vec = last_hidden[:, 0, :]
        if self._tgt_id is None:
            return cls_vec

        batch_size = input_ids.size(0)
        vecs = []
        for i in range(batch_size):
            positions = (input_ids[i] == self._tgt_id).nonzero(as_tuple=True)[0]
            if len(positions) > 0:
                vecs.append(last_hidden[i, positions[0], :])
            else:
                vecs.append(cls_vec[i])
        return torch.stack(vecs, dim=0)

    def _pool(self, last_hidden: torch.Tensor, input_ids: torch.Tensor, attention_mask: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        cls_vec = last_hidden[:, 0, :]

        if self.pooling_mode == POOLING_CLS_ONLY:
            return cls_vec
        if self.pooling_mode == POOLING_SPAN:
            return self._span_pool(last_hidden, input_ids)
        if self.pooling_mode == POOLING_TGT_MARKER:
            return self._first_marker_pool(last_hidden, input_ids)
        if self.pooling_mode == POOLING_CLS_CONCAT:
            tgt_vec = self._first_marker_pool(last_hidden, input_ids)
            return torch.cat([cls_vec, tgt_vec], dim=-1)

        return self._span_pool(last_hidden, input_ids)

    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
        linguistic_features: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
    ) -> ModelOutput:
        outputs = self.encoder(input_ids=input_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask)
        pooled = self._pool(outputs.last_hidden_state, input_ids, attention_mask)

        if self.use_linguistic_features:
            if linguistic_features is None:
                raise ValueError("linguistic_features required when use_linguistic_features=True")
            pooled = torch.cat([pooled, linguistic_features], dim=-1)

        pooled = self.dropout(pooled)
        # Encoder may run in float16 on GPU; classification heads stay float32.
        pooled = pooled.to(dtype=self.level_head.weight.dtype)

        return ModelOutput(
            level_logits=self.level_head(pooled),
            reason_logits=self.reason_head(pooled),
            pooled=pooled,
        )


def add_tgt_tokens(tokenizer: PreTrainedTokenizer) -> tuple[int, int]:
    """Add [TGT] and [/TGT] special tokens; return their ids."""
    special = {"additional_special_tokens": [TGT_TOKEN, TGT_END_TOKEN]}
    tokenizer.add_special_tokens(special)
    return (
        tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(TGT_TOKEN),
        tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(TGT_END_TOKEN),
    )


def add_tgt_token(tokenizer: PreTrainedTokenizer) -> int:
    """Backward-compatible: add markers and return open [TGT] id."""
    open_id, _ = add_tgt_tokens(tokenizer)
    return open_id


def compute_loss(
    level_logits: torch.Tensor,
    reason_logits: torch.Tensor,
    level_ids: torch.Tensor,
    reason_ids: torch.Tensor,
    reason_mask: torch.Tensor,
    reason_class_weights: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
    lambda_reason: float = 1.0,
    level_only: bool = False,
) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, dict]:
    level_loss = F.cross_entropy(level_logits, level_ids)

    if level_only:
        return level_loss, {"level_loss": level_loss.item(), "reason_loss": 0.0, "total_loss": level_loss.item()}

    per_row = F.cross_entropy(
        reason_logits,
        reason_ids,
        weight=reason_class_weights,
        reduction="none",
    )
    masked = per_row * reason_mask
    denom = reason_mask.sum().clamp(min=1.0)
    reason_loss = masked.sum() / denom
    total = level_loss + lambda_reason * reason_loss

    return total, {
        "level_loss": level_loss.item(),
        "reason_loss": reason_loss.item(),
        "total_loss": total.item(),
    }


def load_tokenizer(model_key: str = "deberta") -> PreTrainedTokenizer:
    return AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODELS[model_key])


def build_model(
    model_key: str = "deberta",
    pooling_mode: str = POOLING_SPAN,
    use_linguistic_features: bool = False,
    use_cls_concat: bool | None = None,
) -> TwoHeadModel:
    return TwoHeadModel(
        model_name=MODELS[model_key],
        pooling_mode=pooling_mode,
        use_linguistic_features=use_linguistic_features,
        use_cls_concat=use_cls_concat,
    )