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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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---
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---
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license: mit
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tags:
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- cybersecurity
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- phishing-detection
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- computer-vision
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- resnet50
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- brand-impersonation
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datasets:
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- circl-phishing
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- openphish
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- kaggle-webpage-phishing
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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- precision
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- recall
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- f1
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pipeline_tag: image-classification
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---
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# Ph5 Webpage Screenshot Classifier: Visual Brand Impersonation Detector (ResNet-50)
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model-ResNet--50-blue.svg" alt="Model">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Test%20Accuracy-79.00%25-brightgreen.svg" alt="Test Accuracy">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Val%20Accuracy-83.30%25-green.svg" alt="Val Accuracy">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/F1--Score-77.34%25-success.svg" alt="F1 Score">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Latency-28.5ms-orange.svg" alt="Latency">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-purple.svg" alt="License">
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</p>
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## Model Summary
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The **Ph5 Screenshot Classifier** is a deep convolutional neural network based on `ResNet-50` fine-tuned to classify webpage landing page screenshots and identify fraudulent brand impersonation, visual cloning, and deceptive graphical credential-harvesting interfaces.
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It forms the visual inspection modality of the **Ph5 Multimodal Cybersecurity Framework**, closing critical blind spots where attackers host phishing forms on trusted infrastructure (such as Microsoft Forms, Notion, or SharePoint) that easily bypass lexical URL filters.
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---
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## Performance & Evaluation Benchmark
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Evaluated on an independent, held-out test partition of **438 webpage screenshots** (248 Benign, 190 Phishing):
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| Metric | Held-Out Test Split (N = 438) | Peak Validation Split (N = 438) |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| **Accuracy** | **79.00%** | **83.30%** |
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| **Precision** | **72.69%** | **78.20%** |
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| **Recall** | **82.63%** | **85.10%** |
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| **F1-Score** | **77.34%** | **81.50%** |
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| **Inference Latency** | **28.5 ms** | Batch Size = 1 (RTX 3050 Laptop GPU) |
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### Baseline Comparison
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| Architecture | Test Accuracy | Precision | Recall | F1-Score | Latency |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| MobileNetV2 | 76.10% | 70.20% | 79.40% | 74.51% | 14.0 ms |
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| VGG-16 | 77.40% | 71.10% | 80.50% | 75.51% | 42.0 ms |
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| **Ph5 ResNet-50 (This Model)** | **79.00%** | **72.69%** | **82.63%** | **77.34%** | **28.5 ms** |
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---
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## Confusion Matrix (Test Split: N = 438)
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```text
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Predicted
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Benign Phishing
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Benign 189 59
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Phishing 33 157
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```
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---
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## Intended Use & Integration
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### PyTorch Inference
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```python
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import torch
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import torchvision.models as models
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import torchvision.transforms as transforms
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from PIL import Image
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# Initialize ResNet-50 architecture
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model = models.resnet50(weights=None)
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model.fc = torch.nn.Sequential(
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torch.nn.Dropout(0.3),
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torch.nn.Linear(2048, 2)
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)
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# Load state dict
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state_dict = torch.load("best_model.pth", map_location="cpu")
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model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
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model.eval()
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# Preprocessing transforms
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transform = transforms.Compose([
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transforms.Resize((256, 256)),
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transforms.CenterCrop((224, 224)),
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transforms.ToTensor(),
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transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
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])
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image = Image.open("screenshot.png").convert("RGB")
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tensor = transform(image).unsqueeze(0)
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with torch.no_grad():
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logits = model(tensor)
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probs = torch.softmax(logits, dim=-1).squeeze().tolist()
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print(f"Benign: {probs[0]:.4f}")
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print(f"Phishing: {probs[1]:.4f}")
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```
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---
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## Training Configuration & Data Provenance
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- **Pretrained Backbone:** `ResNet-50` (ImageNet-1k initialized weights)
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- **Classification Head:** `Dropout(0.3) + Linear(2048, 2)`
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- **Dataset Composition (2,915 screenshots total):**
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- **Benign Pages (1,648):** 1,101 from Kaggle Webpage Phishing collection, 501 from CIRCL open dataset, 46 multi-path headless Chrome captures.
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- **Phishing Pages (1,267):** 515 from Kaggle, 444 captured via automated Headless Chrome from live OpenPhish feeds, 273 from CIRCL Luxembourg, 35 curated threat feeds.
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- **Split:** 70% Train (2,039) / 15% Validation (438) / 15% Test (438)
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- **Optimizer:** AdamW (learning rate = 1e-4, weight decay = 0.0001)
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- **Epochs:** 25 epochs with ReduceLROnPlateau scheduler
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---
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## Citation & Framework
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```bibtex
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@article{devi2026ph5,
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title={Ph5: A Multimodal Framework for Cross-Modality Evasion-Resilient Phishing Detection in Multi-Vector Environments},
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author={Devi, Ritu and Singh, Deepti and Sah, Akash},
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journal={Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences / JCMM},
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year={2026}
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}
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```
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best_model.pth
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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oid sha256:79e8023e89a3465b367762eb841e6f08aa07797356236af2bc98b1a46cd475fa
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size 94367102
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