Upload 132 files

.gitattributes

@@ -33,3 +33,5 @@ saved_model/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+06_PyQt5控件.ipynb filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+06_PyQt6-PySide6.ipynb filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

02_tkinter实战：记事本软件开发.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "583a0ea6",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 开发记事本软件"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "id": "d5ea2318",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T06:41:22.135176Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T06:40:53.213945Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "2023-10-05 14:40:56.137 python[83674:5585746] +[CATransaction synchronize] called within transaction\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\"\"\"开发记事本软件\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from tkinter.filedialog import *\n",
+    "from tkinter.colorchooser import *\n",
+    "from tkinter import *\n",
+    "\n",
+    "class Application(Frame):\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, master=None):\n",
+    "        super().__init__(master)\n",
+    "        self.master = master\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # textpad 表示 Text文本框对象\n",
+    "        self.textpad = None\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 布局app\n",
+    "        self.pack()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 为app 添加组件\n",
+    "        self.createWidget()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def createWidget(self):\n",
+    "        # 创建主菜单栏\n",
+    "        menubar = Menu(root)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 创建子菜单\n",
+    "        menuFile = Menu(menubar)\n",
+    "        menuEdit = Menu(menubar)\n",
+    "        menuHelp = Menu(menubar)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 将子菜单加入到主菜单栏\n",
+    "        menubar.add_cascade(label=\"文件(F)\", menu=menuFile)\n",
+    "        menubar.add_cascade(label=\"编辑(E)\", menu=menuEdit)\n",
+    "        menubar.add_cascade(label=\"帮助(H)\", menu=menuHelp)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 添加菜单项\n",
+    "        menuFile.add_command(\n",
+    "            label=\"新建\", accelerator=\"ctrl+n\", command=self.newfile)\n",
+    "        menuFile.add_command(\n",
+    "            label=\"打开\", accelerator=\"ctrl+o\", command=self.openfile)\n",
+    "        menuFile.add_command(\n",
+    "            label=\"保存\", accelerator=\"ctrl+s\", command=self.savefile)\n",
+    "        menuFile.add_separator()  # 添加分割线\n",
+    "        menuFile.add_command(\n",
+    "            label=\"退出\", accelerator=\"ctrl+q\", command=self.exit)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 将主菜单栏 添加到根窗口\n",
+    "        root[\"menu\"] = menubar\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 增加快捷键的处理\n",
+    "        root.bind(\"<Control-n>\", lambda event: self.newfile())\n",
+    "        root.bind(\"<Control-o>\", lambda event: self.openfile())\n",
+    "        root.bind(\"<Control-s>\", lambda event: self.savefile())\n",
+    "        root.bind(\"<Control-q>\", lambda event: self.exit())\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 创建 Text 多行文本框\n",
+    "        self.textpad = Text(root, width=50, height=30)\n",
+    "        self.textpad.pack()  # 布局到 app中\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 创建上下菜单，并添加菜单项\n",
+    "        self.contextMenu = Menu(root)\n",
+    "        self.contextMenu.add_command(label=\"背景颜色\", command=self.openAskColor)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 为右键绑定事件\n",
+    "        root.bind(\"<Button-2>\", self.createContextMenu)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def newfile(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"新建文件\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 把 text控件中所有的内容清空\n",
+    "        self.textpad.delete(\"1.0\", \"end\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 打开 创建文件对话框\n",
+    "        self.filename = asksaveasfilename(title=\"另存为\",\n",
+    "                                          initialfile=\"未命名.txt\", # 文件默认名\n",
+    "                                          filetypes=[(\"文本文档\", \"*.txt\")],\n",
+    "                                          defaultextension=\".txt\")  # 默认文件类型\n",
+    "        # 保存 新建的文件\n",
+    "        self.savefile()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def openfile(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"打开文件\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 把text控件中所有的内容清空\n",
+    "        self.textpad.delete(\"1.0\", \"end\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 创建文件对话框\n",
+    "        with askopenfile(title=\"打开文本文件\") as f:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 读取文件内容\n",
+    "            self.textpad.insert(INSERT, f.read())\n",
+    "            self.filename = f.name\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def savefile(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"将文本框的信息 保存到文件中\"\"\"\n",
+    "        with open(self.filename, \"w\") as f:\n",
+    "            c = self.textpad.get(1.0, END)\n",
+    "            f.write(c)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def exit(self):\n",
+    "        root.quit()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def openAskColor(self):\n",
+    "        # 打开颜色选择框\n",
+    "        s1 = askcolor(color=\"red\", title=\"选择背景色\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 修改文本框的背景色\n",
+    "        self.textpad.config(bg=s1[1])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def createContextMenu(self, event):\n",
+    "        # 菜单在鼠标右键单击的坐标处显示\n",
+    "        self.contextMenu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
+    "    root = Tk()\n",
+    "    root.geometry(\"450x300+200+300\")\n",
+    "    root.title(\"简易记事本\")\n",
+    "    app = Application(master=root)\n",
+    "    root.mainloop()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "992ea581",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 将 python 程序打包成 exe 文件\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "我们可以使用 pyinstaller 模块实现将 python 项目打包成 exe 文件。\n",
+    "\n",
+    "操作步骤如下： \n",
+    "\n",
+    "1. 安装 pyinstaller 模块\n",
+    "    - 在 pycharm 中操作：file-->setting-->Project：xxx -->Project interpretor，再点 击+即可。\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "2. 在 pycharm 的 Terminal 终端输入如下命令： pyinstaller  -F  xxxx.py\n",
+    "    - 【注】相关参数如下：\n",
+    "    - --icon=图标路径 (pyinstaller -F --icon=my.ico XXXX.py)\n",
+    "    - -F 打包成一个 exe 文件\n",
+    "    - -w 使用窗口，无控制台\n",
+    "    - -c 使用控制台，无窗口\n",
+    "    - -D 创建一个目录，里面包含 exe 以及其他一些依赖性文件\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "3. 在项目的 dist 目录下可以看到生成了 exe 文件，直接在windows 系统中使用即可。\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "【注】exe 文件本质是将 python 解释器和程序打包到了一起，这样我们执行程序时就不用管 windows 系统是不是有 python 解释器。\n",
+    "\n",
+    "【注】pyinstaller 目前只支持 python3.6。如果你是 python3.7 会执行失败。"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "6e64e519",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.9.12"
+  },
+  "toc": {
+   "base_numbering": 1,
+   "nav_menu": {},
+   "number_sections": true,
+   "sideBar": true,
+   "skip_h1_title": false,
+   "title_cell": "Table of Contents",
+   "title_sidebar": "Contents",
+   "toc_cell": false,
+   "toc_position": {
+    "height": "calc(100% - 180px)",
+    "left": "10px",
+    "top": "150px",
+    "width": "248.1875px"
+   },
+   "toc_section_display": true,
+   "toc_window_display": true
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}

03_tkinter实战：开发画图软件.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "id": "13cd1000",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T07:16:15.649473Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T07:16:12.271320Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "\"\"\"开发画图软件的菜单\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from tkinter.filedialog import *\n",
+    "from tkinter.colorchooser import *\n",
+    "from tkinter import *\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 根窗口的宽度和高度\n",
+    "win_width = 900\n",
+    "win_height = 450\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "class Application(Frame):\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, master=None,  # 设置父组件\n",
+    "                 bgcolor=\"#000000\"):  # 设置背景色\n",
+    "        super().__init__(master)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        self.master = master  # app的父组件\n",
+    "        self.bgcolor = bgcolor  # 背景色\n",
+    "        self.fgcolor = \"#ff0000\"  # 前景色\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 记录鼠标坐标\n",
+    "        self.x = 0\n",
+    "        self.y = 0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 是否开始画画\n",
+    "        self.startDrawFlag = False\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 记录最后绘制图形\n",
+    "        self.lastDraw = 0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 绘图区canvas对象\n",
+    "        self.drawpad = None\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 部署app\n",
+    "        self.pack()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 为app添加组件\n",
+    "        self.createWidget()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def createWidget(self):\n",
+    "        # 绘图区：创建画布\n",
+    "        self.drawpad = Canvas(root, width=win_width,\n",
+    "                              height=win_height*0.8, bg=self.bgcolor)\n",
+    "        self.drawpad.pack()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 创建操作按钮\n",
+    "        # 开始按钮\n",
+    "        btn_start = Button(root, text=\"开始\", name=\"start\")\n",
+    "        btn_start.pack(side=\"left\", padx=\"10\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 画笔按钮\n",
+    "        btn_pen = Button(root, text=\"画笔\", name=\"pen\")\n",
+    "        btn_pen.pack(side=\"left\", padx=\"10\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 画矩形按钮\n",
+    "        btn_rect = Button(root, text=\"画矩形\", name=\"rect\")\n",
+    "        btn_rect.pack(side=\"left\", padx=\"10\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 清屏按钮\n",
+    "        btn_clear = Button(root, text=\"清屏\", name=\"clear\")\n",
+    "        btn_clear.pack(side=\"left\", padx=\"10\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 橡皮擦按钮\n",
+    "        btn_eraser = Button(root, text=\"橡皮擦\", name=\"eraser\")\n",
+    "        btn_eraser.pack(side=\"left\", padx=\"10\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 画直线按钮\n",
+    "        btn_line = Button(root, text=\"直线\", name=\"line\")\n",
+    "        btn_line.pack(side=\"left\", padx=\"10\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 画箭头按钮\n",
+    "        btn_lineArrow = Button(root, text=\"直线(箭头)\", name=\"lineArrow\")\n",
+    "        btn_lineArrow.pack(side=\"left\", padx=\"10\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 颜色按钮\n",
+    "        btn_color = Button(root, text=\"颜色\", name=\"chooseColor\")\n",
+    "        btn_color.pack(side=\"left\", padx=\"10\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 给所有按钮 绑定鼠标点击事件\n",
+    "        btn_pen.bind_class(\"Button\", \"<1>\", self.myEventManager)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 为右键绑定事件 -- 加载上下文菜单\n",
+    "        root.bind(\"<Button-2>\", self.createContextMenu)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 画布绑定 鼠标拖动事件，默认使用画笔画画\n",
+    "        self.drawpad.bind(\"<B1-Motion>\", self.myDrawPen)\n",
+    "        self.drawpad.bind(\"<ButtonRelease-1>\", self.stopDraw)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 增加修改颜色的 快捷键\n",
+    "        root.bind(\"<KeyPress-r>\", self.kuaijiejian)\n",
+    "        root.bind(\"<KeyPress-g>\", self.kuaijiejian)\n",
+    "        root.bind(\"<KeyPress-y>\", self.kuaijiejian)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def myEventManager(self, event):\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 获取组件的名字\n",
+    "        name = event.widget.winfo_name()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 一松开鼠标，结束上一阶段绘画\n",
+    "        self.drawpad.bind(\"<ButtonRelease-1>\", self.stopDraw)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 根据 按下按钮的不同，执行不同的函数\n",
+    "        if name == \"rect\":\n",
+    "            self.drawpad.bind(\"<B1-Motion>\", self.myDrawRect)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif name == \"clear\":\n",
+    "            self.drawpad.delete(\"all\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif name == \"eraser\":\n",
+    "            self.drawpad.bind(\"<B1-Motion>\", self.myEraser)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif name == \"line\":\n",
+    "            self.drawpad.bind(\"<B1-Motion>\", self.myLine)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif name == \"lineArrow\":\n",
+    "            self.drawpad.bind(\"<B1-Motion>\", self.myLineArrow)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif name == \"chooseColor\":\n",
+    "            # 创建颜色选择框\n",
+    "            c = askcolor(color=self.fgcolor, title=\"选择画笔颜色\")\n",
+    "            self.fgcolor = c[1]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        else:  # 画笔\n",
+    "            self.drawpad.bind(\"<B1-Motion>\", self.myDrawPen)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def createContextMenu(self, event):\n",
+    "        # 菜单在鼠标右键单击的坐标处显示\n",
+    "        self.contextMenu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def myDrawPen(self, event):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"画笔\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 记录鼠标按下时的坐标\n",
+    "        if not self.startDrawFlag:\n",
+    "            self.startDrawFlag = True\n",
+    "            self.x = event.x\n",
+    "            self.y = event.y\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 不停地绘制小矩形\n",
+    "        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(\n",
+    "            self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)\n",
+    "        self.x = event.x\n",
+    "        self.y = event.y\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def stopDraw(self, event):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"结束上一阶段的绘画，开启下一阶段的绘画\"\"\"\n",
+    "        self.startDrawFlag = False\n",
+    "        self.lastDraw = 0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def myDrawRect(self, event):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"绘制矩形\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 鼠标拖动时，会不停地绘制矩形，我们只希望保留最后一个矩形\n",
+    "        self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 鼠标刚按下，记录此时的坐标\n",
+    "        if not self.startDrawFlag:\n",
+    "            self.startDrawFlag = True\n",
+    "            self.x = event.x\n",
+    "            self.y = event.y\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 绘制矩形\n",
+    "        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_rectangle(\n",
+    "            self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.fgcolor)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def myEraser(self, event):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"橡皮擦是一个小矩形，矩形内进行背景色填充\"\"\"\n",
+    "        if not self.startDrawFlag:\n",
+    "            self.startDrawFlag = True\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        self.drawpad.create_rectangle(event.x - 4, event.y - 4, event.x + 4, event.y + 4,\n",
+    "                                      outline=self.bgcolor, fill=self.bgcolor)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def myLine(self, event):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"绘制直线\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 鼠标拖动时，会不停地绘制直线，我们只希望保留最后一个\n",
+    "        self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 按下鼠标时，记录鼠标位置\n",
+    "        if not self.startDrawFlag:\n",
+    "            self.startDrawFlag = True\n",
+    "            self.x = event.x\n",
+    "            self.y = event.y\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 绘制直线\n",
+    "        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y,\n",
+    "                                                 fill=self.fgcolor)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def myLineArrow(self, event):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"绘制箭头\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        #  鼠标拖动时，会不停地绘制箭头，我们只希望保留最后一个\n",
+    "        self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "         # 按下鼠标时，记录鼠标位置\n",
+    "        if not self.startDrawFlag:\n",
+    "            self.startDrawFlag = True\n",
+    "            self.x = event.x\n",
+    "            self.y = event.y\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 绘制箭头\n",
+    "        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y,\n",
+    "                                                 fill=self.fgcolor, arrow=LAST)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 处理快捷键\n",
+    "    def kuaijiejian(self, event):\n",
+    "        if event.char == \"r\":\n",
+    "            self.fgcolor = \"#ff0000\"\n",
+    "        elif event.char == \"g\":\n",
+    "            self.fgcolor = \"#00ff00\"\n",
+    "        elif event.char == \"y\":\n",
+    "            self.fgcolor = \"#ffff00\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # 设置根窗口\n",
+    "    root = Tk()\n",
+    "    root.geometry(str(win_width)+\"x\"+str(win_height)+\"+400+400\")\n",
+    "    root.title(\"画图软件\")\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    app = Application(master=root)\n",
+    "    root.mainloop()"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.9.12"
+  },
+  "toc": {
+   "base_numbering": 1,
+   "nav_menu": {},
+   "number_sections": true,
+   "sideBar": true,
+   "skip_h1_title": false,
+   "title_cell": "Table of Contents",
+   "title_sidebar": "Contents",
+   "toc_cell": false,
+   "toc_position": {
+    "height": "calc(100% - 180px)",
+    "left": "10px",
+    "top": "150px",
+    "width": "248.1875px"
+   },
+   "toc_section_display": true,
+   "toc_window_display": true
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}

05_Pygame实战：坦克大战游戏.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,1124 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "ecf4b439",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 导包"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "id": "9ebb63d1",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.137183Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.017474Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "pygame 2.1.0 (SDL 2.0.16, Python 3.9.12)\n",
+      "Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import pygame\n",
+    "import time\n",
+    "import random\n",
+    "from pygame.sprite import Sprite"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "9f539676",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 定义全局变量"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "id": "488fc023",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.174212Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.146175Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "SCREEN_WIDTH = 800\n",
+    "SCREEN_HEIGHT = 500\n",
+    "BG_COLOR = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)\n",
+    "TEXT_COLOR = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "eb87a38f",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 基类"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "id": "5ce76157",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.199049Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.192539Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# 定义一个基类\n",
+    "class BaseItem(Sprite):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, color, width, height):\n",
+    "        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "e6d9cfc3",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 坦克类"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "id": "15a2dd18",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.225216Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.207309Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "class Tank(BaseItem):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, left, top):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"初始化方法：添加距离左边left 距离上边top\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 创建字典 -- 朝不同的方向走，坦克也不尽相同\n",
+    "        self.images = {\n",
+    "            'U': pygame.image.load('img/p1tankU.gif'),\n",
+    "            'D': pygame.image.load('img/p1tankD.gif'),\n",
+    "            'L': pygame.image.load('img/p1tankL.gif'),\n",
+    "            'R': pygame.image.load('img/p1tankR.gif'),\n",
+    "        }\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 默认方向\n",
+    "        self.direction = 'L'\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 根据当前方向，获取图片\n",
+    "        self.image = self.images[self.direction]\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 根据图片，获取坦克所在区域\n",
+    "        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 调整坦克所在区域\n",
+    "        self.rect.left = left\n",
+    "        self.rect.top = top\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 设置速度  \n",
+    "        self.speed = 5\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 坦克移动的开关\n",
+    "        self.stop = True\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 是否活着\n",
+    "        self.live = True\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 记录坦克上一时刻的坐标\n",
+    "        self.oldLeft = self.rect.left\n",
+    "        self.oldTop = self.rect.top\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def move(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"移动函数\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 记录坦克上一时刻的坐标\n",
+    "        self.oldLeft = self.rect.left\n",
+    "        self.oldTop = self.rect.top\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 判断坦克的方向，根据一定的速度，进行移动\n",
+    "        if self.direction == 'L':\n",
+    "            if self.rect.left > 0:\n",
+    "                self.rect.left -= self.speed\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "        elif self.direction == 'U':\n",
+    "            if self.rect.top > 0:\n",
+    "                self.rect.top -= self.speed\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "        elif self.direction == 'D':\n",
+    "            if self.rect.top+self.rect.height < SCREEN_HEIGHT:\n",
+    "                self.rect.top += self.speed\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "        elif self.direction == 'R':\n",
+    "            if self.rect.left+self.rect.height < SCREEN_WIDTH:\n",
+    "                self.rect.left += self.speed\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   \n",
+    "    def shot(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"射击函数\"\"\"\n",
+    "        return Bullet(self) # 返回子弹对象\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def stay(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"暂停\"\"\"\n",
+    "        self.rect.left = self.oldLeft\n",
+    "        self.rect.top = self.oldTop\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def hitWall(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"撞到墙体\"\"\"\n",
+    "        for wall in MainGame.wallList:\n",
+    "            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, wall):\n",
+    "                self.stay()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def displayTank(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"展示坦克\"\"\"\n",
+    "        # 获取展示的对象\n",
+    "        self.image = self.images[self.direction]\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 调用blit方法展示\n",
+    "        MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "873e8cdc",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 我方坦克类"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "id": "e1b9c207",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.244806Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.227216Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# 我方坦克\n",
+    "class MyTank(Tank):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, left, top):\n",
+    "        super(MyTank, self).__init__(left, top)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def myTank_hit_enemyTank(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"撞到敌方坦克\"\"\"\n",
+    "        # 循环遍历敌方坦克列表\n",
+    "        for enemyTank in MainGame.enemyTankList:\n",
+    "            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, enemyTank):\n",
+    "                # 暂停\n",
+    "                self.stay()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "4a2e4ee2",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 敌方坦克类"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "id": "bbc6b556",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.273074Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.246530Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# 敌方坦克\n",
+    "class EnemyTank(Tank):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, left, top, speed):\n",
+    "        # 调用父类的初始化方法\n",
+    "        super(EnemyTank, self).__init__(left, top)\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 加载敌方坦克图片集\n",
+    "        self.images = {\n",
+    "            'U': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1U.gif'),\n",
+    "            'D': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1D.gif'),\n",
+    "            'L': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1L.gif'),\n",
+    "            'R': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1R.gif')\n",
+    "        }\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 随机生成敌方坦克的方向\n",
+    "        self.direction = self.randDirection()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 根据方向获取图片\n",
+    "        self.image = self.images[self.direction]\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 获取敌方坦克区域\n",
+    "        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 更改敌方坦克位置\n",
+    "        self.rect.left = left\n",
+    "        self.rect.top = top\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 速度\n",
+    "        self.speed = speed\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 移动开关键\n",
+    "        self.flag = True\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 增加一个步数变量 step -- 每移动 step步，改变一次方向\n",
+    "        self.step = 60\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "    def enemyTank_hit_myTank(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"撞到我方坦克\"\"\"\n",
+    "        if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, MainGame.my_tank):\n",
+    "            # 停止\n",
+    "            self.stay()\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "    def randDirection(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"随机生成敌方坦克的方向\"\"\"\n",
+    "        num = random.randint(1, 4)\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        if num == 1:\n",
+    "            return 'U'\n",
+    "        elif num == 2:\n",
+    "            return 'D'\n",
+    "        elif num == 3:\n",
+    "            return \"L\"\n",
+    "        elif num == 4:\n",
+    "            return 'R'\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def randMove(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"敌方坦克随机移动\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        if self.step <= 0:\n",
+    "            # 修改方向\n",
+    "            self.direction = self.randDirection()\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 让步数复位\n",
+    "            self.step = 60\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "        else:\n",
+    "            # 移动\n",
+    "            self.move()\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 让步数递减\n",
+    "            self.step -= 1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def shot(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"重写 发射函数\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 10% 的概率，发射子弹\n",
+    "        num = random.randint(1, 100)\n",
+    "        if num < 10:\n",
+    "            return Bullet(self)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "afc41a05",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 子弹类"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "id": "f23b42c3",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.288620Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.274879Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "class Bullet(BaseItem):\n",
+    "    \"\"\"子弹类\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, tank):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"初始化函数\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 加载子弹图片\n",
+    "        self.image = pygame.image.load('img/enemymissile.gif')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 坦克的方向决定子弹的方向\n",
+    "        self.direction = tank.direction\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 获取子弹区域\n",
+    "        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 初始化子弹的位置 -- 不同的方向，初始化的位置也不同\n",
+    "        if self.direction == 'U':\n",
+    "            self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2\n",
+    "            self.rect.top = tank.rect.top - self.rect.height\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif self.direction == 'D':\n",
+    "            self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2\n",
+    "            self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.height\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif self.direction == 'L':\n",
+    "            self.rect.left = tank.rect.left - self.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2\n",
+    "            self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif self.direction == 'R':\n",
+    "            self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width\n",
+    "            self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 子弹的速度\n",
+    "        self.speed = 6\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 子弹的状态 -- 是否存在\n",
+    "        self.live = True\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def move(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"移动函数\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        if self.direction == 'U':\n",
+    "            if self.rect.top > 0:\n",
+    "                self.rect.top -= self.speed\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                # 修改子弹的状态\n",
+    "                self.live = False\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif self.direction == 'R':\n",
+    "            if self.rect.left+self.rect.width < SCREEN_WIDTH:\n",
+    "                self.rect.left += self.speed\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                # 修改子弹的状态\n",
+    "                self.live = False\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        elif self.direction == 'D':\n",
+    "            if self.rect.top+self.rect.height < SCREEN_HEIGHT:\n",
+    "                self.rect.top += self.speed\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                # 修改子弹的状态\n",
+    "                self.live = False\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "        elif self.direction == 'L':\n",
+    "            if self.rect.left > 0:\n",
+    "                self.rect.left -= self.speed\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                # 修改子弹的状态\n",
+    "                self.live = False\n",
+    "\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "    def hitWall(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"子弹碰到墙体\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 循环遍历墙壁列表\n",
+    "        for wall in MainGame.wallList:\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 如果相撞\n",
+    "            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, wall):\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 修改子弹的生存状态，让子弹消失\n",
+    "                self.live = False\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 墙壁的生命值减小\n",
+    "                wall.hp -= 1\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 墙壁被破坏严重时，则消失\n",
+    "                if wall.hp <= 0:\n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                    # 修改墙壁的生存状态\n",
+    "                    wall.live = False\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def displayBullet(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"展示子弹\"\"\"\n",
+    "        # 将图片surface加载到窗口\n",
+    "        MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def myBullet_hit_enemyTank(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"我方子弹与敌方坦克的碰撞\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 循环遍历敌方坦克列表\n",
+    "        for enemyTank in MainGame.enemyTankList:\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 如果相撞\n",
+    "            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(enemyTank, self):\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 修改敌方坦克和我方子弹的状态\n",
+    "                enemyTank.live = False\n",
+    "                self.live = False\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 创建爆炸对象\n",
+    "                explode = Explode(enemyTank)\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 将爆炸对象添加到爆炸列表中\n",
+    "                MainGame.explodeList.append(explode)\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def enemyBullet_hit_myTank(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"敌方子弹与我方坦克的碰撞\"\"\"\n",
+    "        if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:\n",
+    "            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(MainGame.my_tank, self):\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 产生爆炸对象\n",
+    "                explode = Explode(MainGame.my_tank)\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 将爆炸对象添加到爆炸列表中\n",
+    "                MainGame.explodeList.append(explode)\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 修改敌方子弹与我方坦克的状态\n",
+    "                self.live = False\n",
+    "                MainGame.my_tank.live = False"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "11a80705",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 墙体类"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "id": "881b05ec",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.294896Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.290645Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "class Wall():\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, left, top):\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 加载墙壁图片\n",
+    "        self.image = pygame.image.load('img/steels.gif')\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 获取墙壁的区域\n",
+    "        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 初始化墙体位置\n",
+    "        self.rect.left = left\n",
+    "        self.rect.top = top\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 标记是否存活\n",
+    "        self.live = True\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 设置生命值\n",
+    "        self.hp = 3\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def displayWall(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"展示墙壁\"\"\"\n",
+    "        MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "86515d54",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 爆炸类"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "id": "c60e6eaa",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.305090Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.298733Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "class Explode():\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, tank):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"初始化函数：传入爆炸的坦克\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 获取爆炸位置\n",
+    "        self.rect = tank.rect\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 爆炸的图片\n",
+    "        self.images = [\n",
+    "            pygame.image.load('img/blast0.gif'),\n",
+    "            pygame.image.load('img/blast1.gif'),\n",
+    "            pygame.image.load('img/blast2.gif'),\n",
+    "            pygame.image.load('img/blast3.gif'),\n",
+    "            pygame.image.load('img/blast4.gif'),\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 索引 -- 依次使用不同的爆炸图片\n",
+    "        self.step = 0\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        self.image = self.images[self.step]\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 是否进行爆炸\n",
+    "        self.live = True\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def displayExplode(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"展示爆炸\"\"\"\n",
+    "        if self.step < len(self.images):\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 根据索引获取爆炸图片\n",
+    "            self.image = self.images[self.step]\n",
+    "            self.step += 1\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 展示爆炸图片\n",
+    "            MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "        else:\n",
+    "            # 修改爆炸对象的状态\n",
+    "            self.live = False\n",
+    "            self.step = 0\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "4acda6df",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 音乐类"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "id": "5943ae85",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.310602Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.306990Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "class Music():\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, filename):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"初始化函数\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 获取音乐名称\n",
+    "        self.filename = filename\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 初始化背景音乐\n",
+    "        pygame.mixer.init()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 加载背景音乐\n",
+    "        pygame.mixer.music.load(self.filename)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "    def play(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"播放音乐\"\"\"\n",
+    "        pygame.mixer.music.play()\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "b0a5fb3d",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 主游戏类"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "id": "f524cd94",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.354619Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.312692Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "class MainGame():\n",
+    "    \"\"\"\n",
+    "    主游戏类：\n",
+    "        游戏整体运行的逻辑\n",
+    "    \"\"\"\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # 窗口\n",
+    "    window = None\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # 我方坦克\n",
+    "    my_tank = None\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # 存储敌方坦克的列表\n",
+    "    enemyTankList = []\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # 定义敌方坦克的数量\n",
+    "    enemyTankCount = 5\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # 存储我方子弹的列表\n",
+    "    myBulletList = []\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # 存储敌方子弹的列表\n",
+    "    enemyBulletList = []\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # 存储爆炸效果的列表\n",
+    "    explodeList = []\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # 存储墙壁的列表\n",
+    "    wallList = []\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def __init__(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"初始化\"\"\"\n",
+    "        pass\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def startGame(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"开始游戏\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 初始化 pygame\n",
+    "        pygame.display.init()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 设置窗口的大小及显示\n",
+    "        MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode([SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT])\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 初始化 我方坦克\n",
+    "        self.createMytank()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 初始化敌方坦克，并将敌方坦克添加到列表中\n",
+    "        self.createEnemyTank()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 初始化墙壁\n",
+    "        self.createWall()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 设置窗口的标题\n",
+    "        pygame.display.set_caption('坦克大战1.03')\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        while True:\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 让坦克移动的速度慢一点\n",
+    "            time.sleep(0.02)\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 给窗口设置背景色\n",
+    "            MainGame.window.fill(BG_COLOR)\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 获取事件\n",
+    "            self.getEvent()\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 绘制文字\n",
+    "            MainGame.window.blit(self.getTextSuface(\n",
+    "                '敌方坦克剩余数量%d' % len(MainGame.enemyTankList)), (10, 10))\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            ## 调用坦克显示的方法\n",
+    "            if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:\n",
+    "                # 我方坦克存活\n",
+    "                MainGame.my_tank.displayTank()\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                # 我方坦克死亡，删除我方坦克\n",
+    "                del MainGame.my_tank\n",
+    "                MainGame.my_tank = None\n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "            # 循环遍历敌方坦克列表，展示敌方坦克\n",
+    "            self.blitEnemyTank()\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 循环遍历显示我方坦克的子弹\n",
+    "            self.blitMyBullet()\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 循环遍历敌方子弹列表，展示敌方子弹\n",
+    "            self.blitEnemyBullet()\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 循环遍历爆炸列表，展示爆炸效果\n",
+    "            self.blitExplode()\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 循环遍历墙壁列表，展示墙壁\n",
+    "            self.blitWall()\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 调用移动方法\n",
+    "            if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:\n",
+    "                # 如果坦克的开关是开启，才可以移动\n",
+    "                if not MainGame.my_tank.stop:\n",
+    "                    MainGame.my_tank.move()\n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                    # 检测我方坦克是否与墙壁发生碰撞\n",
+    "                    MainGame.my_tank.hitWall()\n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                    # 检测我方坦克是否与敌方坦克发生碰撞\n",
+    "                    MainGame.my_tank.myTank_hit_enemyTank()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 更新屏幕\n",
+    "            pygame.display.update()\n",
+    "       \n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    def blitWall(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"循环遍历墙壁列表，展示墙壁\"\"\"\n",
+    "        for wall in MainGame.wallList:\n",
+    "            # 判断墙壁是否存活\n",
+    "            if wall.live:\n",
+    "                # 调用墙壁的显示方法\n",
+    "                wall.displayWall()\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                # 从墙壁列表移出\n",
+    "                MainGame.wallList.remove(wall)\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def createWall(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"初始化墙壁\"\"\"\n",
+    "        for i in range(6):\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 创建墙壁\n",
+    "            wall = Wall(i*130, 220)\n",
+    "            # 将墙壁添加到列表中\n",
+    "            MainGame.wallList.append(wall)\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def createMytank(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"创建我方坦克\"\"\"\n",
+    "        MainGame.my_tank = MyTank(350, 300)\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 创建 Music对象\n",
+    "        music = Music('img/start.wav')\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 播放音乐\n",
+    "        music.play()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def createEnemyTank(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"创建敌方坦克\"\"\"\n",
+    "        top = 100\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 循环生成敌方坦克\n",
+    "        for i in range(MainGame.enemyTankCount):\n",
+    "            left = random.randint(0, 600)\n",
+    "            speed = random.randint(1, 4)\n",
+    "            enemy = EnemyTank(left, top, speed)\n",
+    "            MainGame.enemyTankList.append(enemy)\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def blitExplode(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"展示爆炸效果\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 遍历爆炸列表\n",
+    "        for explode in MainGame.explodeList:\n",
+    "            if explode.live:\n",
+    "                # 展示爆炸效果\n",
+    "                explode.displayExplode()\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                # 在爆炸列表中移除\n",
+    "                MainGame.explodeList.remove(explode)\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def blitEnemyTank(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"展示敌方坦克\"\"\"\n",
+    "        for enemyTank in MainGame.enemyTankList:\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 如果当前敌方坦克还活着\n",
+    "            if enemyTank.live:\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 展示\n",
+    "                enemyTank.displayTank()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 移动\n",
+    "                enemyTank.randMove()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 调用检测是否与墙壁碰撞\n",
+    "                enemyTank.hitWall()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 检测敌方坦克是否与我方坦克发生碰撞\n",
+    "                if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:\n",
+    "                    enemyTank.enemyTank_hit_myTank()\n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                # 发射子弹\n",
+    "                enemyBullet = enemyTank.shot()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 敌方子弹是否是None，如果不为None则添加到敌方子弹列表中\n",
+    "                if enemyBullet:\n",
+    "                    # 将敌方子弹存储到敌方子弹列表中\n",
+    "                    MainGame.enemyBulletList.append(enemyBullet)\n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "            # 如果死亡，则从敌方坦克列表中移除        \n",
+    "            else:  \n",
+    "                MainGame.enemyTankList.remove(enemyTank)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def blitMyBullet(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"展示我方子弹\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 遍历子弹列表\n",
+    "        for myBullet in MainGame.myBulletList:\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 子弹如果存在，则展示\n",
+    "            if myBullet.live:\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 展示子弹\n",
+    "                myBullet.displayBullet()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 移动子弹\n",
+    "                myBullet.move()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 判断我方子弹是否击中敌方\n",
+    "                myBullet.myBullet_hit_enemyTank()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 判断我方子弹是否击中墙壁\n",
+    "                myBullet.hitWall()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "            # 子弹如果不存在，则从列表中删除\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                MainGame.myBulletList.remove(myBullet)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def blitEnemyBullet(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"展示敌方子弹\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 遍历敌方子弹列表\n",
+    "        for enemyBullet in MainGame.enemyBulletList:\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 如果敌方子弹存在\n",
+    "            if enemyBullet.live:  \n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 展示敌方子弹\n",
+    "                enemyBullet.displayBullet()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 移动子弹\n",
+    "                enemyBullet.move()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 敌方子弹 是否击中 我方坦克\n",
+    "                enemyBullet.enemyBullet_hit_myTank()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 敌方子弹是否击中墙壁\n",
+    "                enemyBullet.hitWall()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "            # 如果子弹不存在，则从列表中移除\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                MainGame.enemyBulletList.remove(enemyBullet)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def endGame(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"结束游戏\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        print('谢谢使用，欢迎再次使用')\n",
+    "        pygame.quit()\n",
+    "        exit()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def getTextSuface(self, text):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"左上角添加文字\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 初始化字体模块\n",
+    "        pygame.font.init()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 获取字体Font对象\n",
+    "        font = pygame.font.SysFont('ヒラキノ角コシックw8', 18)\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 绘制文字信息\n",
+    "        textSurface = font.render(text, True, TEXT_COLOR)\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        return textSurface\n",
+    "   \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    def getEvent(self):\n",
+    "        \"\"\"获取事件\"\"\"\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 获取所有事件\n",
+    "        eventList = pygame.event.get()\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "        # 遍历事件\n",
+    "        for event in eventList:\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # 鼠标点击退出，则结束游戏\n",
+    "            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:\n",
+    "                self.endGame()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "            # 如果是键盘事件\n",
+    "            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 当我方坦克死亡\n",
+    "                if not MainGame.my_tank:\n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                    # 如果按下 Esc键\n",
+    "                    if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:\n",
+    "                        # 我方坦克重生\n",
+    "                        self.createMytank()\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 如果我方坦克存活\n",
+    "                if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:\n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                    # 按左键\n",
+    "                    if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:\n",
+    "                        # 切换方向\n",
+    "                        MainGame.my_tank.direction = 'L'\n",
+    "                        \n",
+    "                        # 修改坦克的开关状态\n",
+    "                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = False\n",
+    "                        \n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                    # 按右键\n",
+    "                    elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:\n",
+    "                        # 切换方向\n",
+    "                        MainGame.my_tank.direction = 'R'\n",
+    "                        \n",
+    "                        # 修改坦克的开关状态\n",
+    "                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = False\n",
+    "                        \n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                    # 按上键\n",
+    "                    elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:\n",
+    "                        # 切换方向\n",
+    "                        MainGame.my_tank.direction = 'U'\n",
+    "                        \n",
+    "                        # 修改坦克的开关状态\n",
+    "                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = False\n",
+    "                        \n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                    # 按下键\n",
+    "                    elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:\n",
+    "                        # 切换方向\n",
+    "                        MainGame.my_tank.direction = 'D'\n",
+    "                        \n",
+    "                        # 修改坦克的开关状态\n",
+    "                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = False\n",
+    "                        \n",
+    "                    \n",
+    "                    # 按空格\n",
+    "                    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:\n",
+    "                        \"\"\"发射子弹\"\"\"\n",
+    "                        \n",
+    "                        # 最多发射 3发子弹\n",
+    "                        if len(MainGame.myBulletList) < 3:\n",
+    "                            # 创建子弹\n",
+    "                            myBullet = Bullet(MainGame.my_tank)\n",
+    "                            \n",
+    "                            # 将子弹添加进列表\n",
+    "                            MainGame.myBulletList.append(myBullet)\n",
+    "                            \n",
+    "                            # 添加音效\n",
+    "                            music = Music('img/hit.wav')\n",
+    "                            music.play()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 松开方向键\n",
+    "            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:\n",
+    "                \"\"\"坦克停止移动，修改坦克的开关状态\"\"\"\n",
+    "                \n",
+    "                # 判断松开的键是上、下、左、右时候才停止坦克移动\n",
+    "                if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:\n",
+    "                    if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:\n",
+    "                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = True"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "c153a418",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## main函数"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "id": "f9ba8d23",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:45.036981Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T17:25:00.355339Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "2023-10-06 01:25:02.476 python[85798:5756894] TSM AdjustCapsLockLEDForKeyTransitionHandling - _ISSetPhysicalKeyboardCapsLockLED Inhibit\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "谢谢使用，欢迎再次使用\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "ename": "error",
+     "evalue": "display Surface quit",
+     "output_type": "error",
+     "traceback": [
+      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[0;31merror\u001b[0m                                     Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "Input \u001b[0;32mIn [12]\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m<cell line: 1>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;18m__name__\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m==\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m__main__\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m:\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0m     \u001b[43mMainGame\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mstartGame\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
+      "Input \u001b[0;32mIn [11]\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mMainGame.startGame\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     66\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mgetEvent()\n\u001b[1;32m     68\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 绘制文字\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 69\u001b[0m \u001b[43mMainGame\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mwindow\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mblit\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mgetTextSuface\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m敌方坦克剩余数量\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;132;43;01m%d\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m%\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mlen\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mMainGame\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43menemyTankList\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m10\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m10\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m     72\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m## 调用坦克显示的方法\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m MainGame\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mmy_tank \u001b[38;5;129;01mand\u001b[39;00m MainGame\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mmy_tank\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mlive:\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 我方坦克存活\u001b[39;00m\n",
+      "\u001b[0;31merror\u001b[0m: display Surface quit"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
+    "    MainGame().startGame()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "4c763c1a",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.9.12"
+  },
+  "toc": {
+   "base_numbering": 1,
+   "nav_menu": {},
+   "number_sections": true,
+   "sideBar": true,
+   "skip_h1_title": false,
+   "title_cell": "Table of Contents",
+   "title_sidebar": "Contents",
+   "toc_cell": false,
+   "toc_position": {
+    "height": "calc(100% - 180px)",
+    "left": "10px",
+    "top": "150px",
+    "width": "248.1875px"
+   },
+   "toc_section_display": true,
+   "toc_window_display": true
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}

05_Pygame实战：坦克大战游戏.py

@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+import pygame
+import time
+import random
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
+SCREEN_HEIGHT = 500
+BG_COLOR = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)
+TEXT_COLOR = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)
+
+# 定义一个基类
+class BaseItem(Sprite):
+    def __init__(self, color, width, height):
+        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
+
+
+class Tank(BaseItem):
+    def __init__(self, left, top):
+        """初始化方法：添加距离左边left 距离上边top"""
+
+        # 创建字典 -- 朝不同的方向走，坦克也不尽相同
+        self.images = {
+            'U': pygame.image.load('img/p1tankU.gif'),
+            'D': pygame.image.load('img/p1tankD.gif'),
+            'L': pygame.image.load('img/p1tankL.gif'),
+            'R': pygame.image.load('img/p1tankR.gif'),
+        }
+
+        # 默认方向
+        self.direction = 'L'
+
+        # 根据当前方向，获取图片
+        self.image = self.images[self.direction]
+
+        # 根据图片，获取坦克所在区域
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+
+        # 调整坦克所在区域
+        self.rect.left = left
+        self.rect.top = top
+
+        # 设置速度
+        self.speed = 5
+
+        # 坦克移动的开关
+        self.stop = True
+
+        # 是否活着
+        self.live = True
+
+        # 记录坦克上一时刻的坐标
+        self.oldLeft = self.rect.left
+        self.oldTop = self.rect.top
+
+    def move(self):
+        """移动函数"""
+
+        # 记录坦克上一时刻的坐标
+        self.oldLeft = self.rect.left
+        self.oldTop = self.rect.top
+
+        # 判断坦克的方向，根据一定的速度，进行移动
+        if self.direction == 'L':
+            if self.rect.left > 0:
+                self.rect.left -= self.speed
+
+        elif self.direction == 'U':
+            if self.rect.top > 0:
+                self.rect.top -= self.speed
+
+        elif self.direction == 'D':
+            if self.rect.top + self.rect.height < SCREEN_HEIGHT:
+                self.rect.top += self.speed
+
+        elif self.direction == 'R':
+            if self.rect.left + self.rect.height < SCREEN_WIDTH:
+                self.rect.left += self.speed
+
+    def shot(self):
+        """射击函数"""
+        return Bullet(self)  # 返回子弹对象
+
+    def stay(self):
+        """暂停"""
+        self.rect.left = self.oldLeft
+        self.rect.top = self.oldTop
+
+    def hitWall(self):
+        """撞到墙体"""
+        for wall in MainGame.wallList:
+            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, wall):
+                self.stay()
+
+    def displayTank(self):
+        """展示坦克"""
+        # 获取展示的对象
+        self.image = self.images[self.direction]
+
+        # 调用blit方法展示
+        MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)
+
+# 我方坦克
+class MyTank(Tank):
+    def __init__(self, left, top):
+        super(MyTank, self).__init__(left, top)
+
+
+    def myTank_hit_enemyTank(self):
+        """撞到敌方坦克"""
+        # 循环遍历敌方坦克列表
+        for enemyTank in MainGame.enemyTankList:
+            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, enemyTank):
+                # 暂停
+                self.stay()
+
+
+# 敌方坦克
+class EnemyTank(Tank):
+    def __init__(self, left, top, speed):
+        # 调用父类的初始化方法
+        super(EnemyTank, self).__init__(left, top)
+
+        # 加载敌方坦克图片集
+        self.images = {
+            'U': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1U.gif'),
+            'D': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1D.gif'),
+            'L': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1L.gif'),
+            'R': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1R.gif')
+        }
+
+        # 随机生成敌方坦克的方向
+        self.direction = self.randDirection()
+
+        # 根据方向获取图片
+        self.image = self.images[self.direction]
+
+        # 获取敌方坦克区域
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+
+        # 更改敌方坦克位置
+        self.rect.left = left
+        self.rect.top = top
+
+        # 速度
+        self.speed = speed
+
+        # 移动开关键
+        self.flag = True
+
+        # 增加一个步数变量 step -- 每移动 step步，改变一次方向
+        self.step = 60
+
+    def enemyTank_hit_myTank(self):
+        """撞到我方坦克"""
+        if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, MainGame.my_tank):
+            # 停止
+            self.stay()
+
+    def randDirection(self):
+        """随机生成敌方坦克的方向"""
+        num = random.randint(1, 4)
+
+        if num == 1:
+            return 'U'
+        elif num == 2:
+            return 'D'
+        elif num == 3:
+            return "L"
+        elif num == 4:
+            return 'R'
+
+    def randMove(self):
+        """敌方坦克随机移动"""
+
+        if self.step <= 0:
+            # 修改方向
+            self.direction = self.randDirection()
+
+            # 让步数复位
+            self.step = 60
+
+        else:
+            # 移动
+            self.move()
+
+            # 让步数递减
+            self.step -= 1
+
+    def shot(self):
+        """重写 发射函数"""
+
+        # 10% 的概率，发射子弹
+        num = random.randint(1, 100)
+        if num < 10:
+            return Bullet(self)
+
+
+class Bullet(BaseItem):
+    """子弹类"""
+
+    def __init__(self, tank):
+        """初始化函数"""
+
+        # 加载子弹图片
+        self.image = pygame.image.load('img/enemymissile.gif')
+
+        # 坦克的方向决定子弹的方向
+        self.direction = tank.direction
+
+        # 获取子弹区域
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+
+        # 初始化子弹的位置 -- 不同的方向，初始化的位置也不同
+        if self.direction == 'U':
+            self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2
+            self.rect.top = tank.rect.top - self.rect.height
+
+        elif self.direction == 'D':
+            self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2
+            self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.height
+
+        elif self.direction == 'L':
+            self.rect.left = tank.rect.left - self.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2
+            self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2
+
+        elif self.direction == 'R':
+            self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width
+            self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2
+
+        # 子弹的速度
+        self.speed = 6
+
+        # 子弹的状态 -- 是否存在
+        self.live = True
+
+    def move(self):
+        """移动函数"""
+
+        if self.direction == 'U':
+            if self.rect.top > 0:
+                self.rect.top -= self.speed
+            else:
+                # 修改子弹的状态
+                self.live = False
+
+        elif self.direction == 'R':
+            if self.rect.left + self.rect.width < SCREEN_WIDTH:
+                self.rect.left += self.speed
+            else:
+                # 修改子弹的状态
+                self.live = False
+
+        elif self.direction == 'D':
+            if self.rect.top + self.rect.height < SCREEN_HEIGHT:
+                self.rect.top += self.speed
+            else:
+                # 修改子弹的状态
+                self.live = False
+
+        elif self.direction == 'L':
+            if self.rect.left > 0:
+                self.rect.left -= self.speed
+            else:
+                # 修改子弹的状态
+                self.live = False
+
+    def hitWall(self):
+        """子弹碰到墙体"""
+
+        # 循环遍历墙壁列表
+        for wall in MainGame.wallList:
+
+            # 如果相撞
+            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, wall):
+
+                # 修改子弹的生存状态，让子弹消失
+                self.live = False
+
+                # 墙壁的生命值减小
+                wall.hp -= 1
+
+                # 墙壁被破坏严重时，则消失
+                if wall.hp <= 0:
+                    # 修改墙壁的生存状态
+                    wall.live = False
+
+    def displayBullet(self):
+        """展示子弹"""
+        # 将图片surface加载到窗口
+        MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)
+
+    def myBullet_hit_enemyTank(self):
+        """我方子弹与敌方坦克的碰撞"""
+
+        # 循环遍历敌方坦克列表
+        for enemyTank in MainGame.enemyTankList:
+
+            # 如果相撞
+            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(enemyTank, self):
+                # 修改敌方坦克和我方子弹的状态
+                enemyTank.live = False
+                self.live = False
+
+                # 创建爆炸对象
+                explode = Explode(enemyTank)
+
+                # 将爆炸对象添加到爆炸列表中
+                MainGame.explodeList.append(explode)
+
+    def enemyBullet_hit_myTank(self):
+        """敌方子弹与我方坦克的碰撞"""
+        if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:
+            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(MainGame.my_tank, self):
+                # 产生爆炸对象
+                explode = Explode(MainGame.my_tank)
+
+                # 将爆炸对象添加到爆炸列表中
+                MainGame.explodeList.append(explode)
+
+                # 修改敌方子弹与我方坦克的状态
+                self.live = False
+                MainGame.my_tank.live = False
+
+
+class Wall():
+    def __init__(self, left, top):
+        # 加载墙壁图片
+        self.image = pygame.image.load('img/steels.gif')
+
+        # 获取墙壁的区域
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+
+        # 初始化墙体位置
+        self.rect.left = left
+        self.rect.top = top
+
+        # 标记是否存活
+        self.live = True
+
+        # 设置生命值
+        self.hp = 3
+
+    def displayWall(self):
+        """展示墙壁"""
+        MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)
+
+
+class Explode():
+    def __init__(self, tank):
+        """初始化函数：传入爆炸的坦克"""
+
+        # 获取爆炸位置
+        self.rect = tank.rect
+
+        # 爆炸的图片
+        self.images = [
+            pygame.image.load('img/blast0.gif'),
+            pygame.image.load('img/blast1.gif'),
+            pygame.image.load('img/blast2.gif'),
+            pygame.image.load('img/blast3.gif'),
+            pygame.image.load('img/blast4.gif'),
+        ]
+
+        # 索引 -- 依次使用不同的爆炸图片
+        self.step = 0
+
+        self.image = self.images[self.step]
+
+        # 是否进行爆炸
+        self.live = True
+
+    def displayExplode(self):
+        """展示爆炸"""
+        if self.step < len(self.images):
+
+            # 根据索引获取爆炸图片
+            self.image = self.images[self.step]
+            self.step += 1
+
+            # 展示爆炸图片
+            MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)
+
+        else:
+            # 修改爆炸对象的状态
+            self.live = False
+            self.step = 0
+
+
+class Music():
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        """初始化函数"""
+
+        # 获取音乐名称
+        self.filename = filename
+
+        # 初始化背景音乐
+        pygame.mixer.init()
+
+        # 加载背景音乐
+        pygame.mixer.music.load(self.filename)
+
+    def play(self):
+        """播放音乐"""
+        pygame.mixer.music.play()
+
+
+class MainGame():
+    """
+    主游戏类：
+        游戏整体运行的逻辑
+    """
+
+    # 窗口
+    window = None
+
+    # 我方坦克
+    my_tank = None
+
+    # 存储敌方坦克的列表
+    enemyTankList = []
+
+    # 定义敌方坦克的数量
+    enemyTankCount = 5
+
+    # 存储我方子弹的列表
+    myBulletList = []
+
+    # 存储敌方子弹的列表
+    enemyBulletList = []
+
+    # 存储爆炸效果的列表
+    explodeList = []
+
+    # 存储墙壁的列表
+    wallList = []
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """初始化"""
+        pass
+
+    def startGame(self):
+        """开始游戏"""
+
+        # 初始化 pygame
+        pygame.display.init()
+
+        # 设置窗口的大小及显示
+        MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode([SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT])
+
+        # 初始化 我方坦克
+        self.createMytank()
+
+        # 初始化敌方坦克，并将敌方坦克添加到列表中
+        self.createEnemyTank()
+
+        # 初始化墙壁
+        self.createWall()
+
+        # 设置窗口的标题
+        pygame.display.set_caption('坦克大战1.03')
+
+        while True:
+
+            # 让坦克移动的速度慢一点
+            time.sleep(0.02)
+
+            # 清空主窗口
+            MainGame.window.fill(BG_COLOR)
+
+            # 获取事件
+            self.getEvent()
+
+            # 绘制文字
+            MainGame.window.blit(self.getTextSuface(
+                '敌方坦克剩余数量%d' % len(MainGame.enemyTankList)), (10, 10))
+
+            ## 调用坦克显示的方法
+            if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:
+                # 我方坦克存活
+                MainGame.my_tank.displayTank()
+            else:
+                # 我方坦克死亡，删除我方坦克
+                del MainGame.my_tank
+                MainGame.my_tank = None
+
+            # 循环遍历敌方坦克列表，展示敌方坦克
+            self.blitEnemyTank()
+
+            # 循环遍历显示我方坦克的子弹
+            self.blitMyBullet()
+
+            # 循环遍历敌方子弹列表，展示敌方子弹
+            self.blitEnemyBullet()
+
+            # 循环遍历爆炸列表，展示爆炸效果
+            self.blitExplode()
+
+            # 循环遍历墙壁列表，展示墙壁
+            self.blitWall()
+
+            # 调用移动方法
+            if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:
+                # 如果坦克的开关是开启，才可以移动
+                if not MainGame.my_tank.stop:
+                    MainGame.my_tank.move()
+
+                    # 检测我方坦克是否与墙壁发生碰撞
+                    MainGame.my_tank.hitWall()
+
+                    # 检测我方坦克是否与敌方坦克发生碰撞
+                    MainGame.my_tank.myTank_hit_enemyTank()
+
+            # 更新屏幕
+            pygame.display.update()
+
+    def blitWall(self):
+        """循环遍历墙壁列表，展示墙壁"""
+        for wall in MainGame.wallList:
+            # 判断墙壁是否存活
+            if wall.live:
+                # 调用墙壁的显示方法
+                wall.displayWall()
+            else:
+                # 从墙壁列表移出
+                MainGame.wallList.remove(wall)
+
+    def createWall(self):
+        """初始化墙壁"""
+        for i in range(6):
+            # 创建墙壁
+            wall = Wall(i * 130, 220)
+            # 将墙壁添加到列表中
+            MainGame.wallList.append(wall)
+
+    def createMytank(self):
+        """创建我方坦克"""
+        MainGame.my_tank = MyTank(350, 300)
+
+        # 创建 Music对象
+        music = Music('img/start.wav')
+
+        # 播放音乐
+        music.play()
+
+    def createEnemyTank(self):
+        """创建敌方坦克"""
+        top = 100
+
+        # 循环生成敌方坦克
+        for i in range(MainGame.enemyTankCount):
+            left = random.randint(0, 600)
+            speed = random.randint(1, 4)
+            enemy = EnemyTank(left, top, speed)
+            MainGame.enemyTankList.append(enemy)
+
+    def blitExplode(self):
+        """展示爆炸效果"""
+
+        # 遍历爆炸列表
+        for explode in MainGame.explodeList:
+            if explode.live:
+                # 展示爆炸效果
+                explode.displayExplode()
+            else:
+                # 在爆炸列表中移除
+                MainGame.explodeList.remove(explode)
+
+    def blitEnemyTank(self):
+        """展示敌方坦克"""
+        for enemyTank in MainGame.enemyTankList:
+
+            # 如果当前敌方坦克还活着
+            if enemyTank.live:
+
+                # 展示
+                enemyTank.displayTank()
+
+                # 移动
+                enemyTank.randMove()
+
+                # 调用检测是否与墙壁碰撞
+                enemyTank.hitWall()
+
+                # 检测敌方坦克是否与我方坦克发生碰撞
+                if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:
+                    enemyTank.enemyTank_hit_myTank()
+
+                # 发射子弹
+                enemyBullet = enemyTank.shot()
+
+                # 敌方子弹是否是None，如果不为None则添加到敌方子弹列表中
+                if enemyBullet:
+                    # 将敌方子弹存储到敌方子弹列表中
+                    MainGame.enemyBulletList.append(enemyBullet)
+
+            # 如果死亡，则从敌方坦克列表中移除
+            else:
+                MainGame.enemyTankList.remove(enemyTank)
+
+    def blitMyBullet(self):
+        """展示我方子弹"""
+
+        # 遍历子弹列表
+        for myBullet in MainGame.myBulletList:
+
+            # 子弹如果存在，则展示
+            if myBullet.live:
+
+                # 展示子弹
+                myBullet.displayBullet()
+
+                # 移动子弹
+                myBullet.move()
+
+                # 判断我方子弹是否击中敌方
+                myBullet.myBullet_hit_enemyTank()
+
+                # 判断我方子弹是否击中墙壁
+                myBullet.hitWall()
+
+            # 子弹如果不存在，则从列表中删除
+            else:
+                MainGame.myBulletList.remove(myBullet)
+
+    def blitEnemyBullet(self):
+        """展示敌方子弹"""
+
+        # 遍历敌方子弹列表
+        for enemyBullet in MainGame.enemyBulletList:
+
+            # 如果敌方子弹存在
+            if enemyBullet.live:
+
+                # 展示敌方子弹
+                enemyBullet.displayBullet()
+
+                # 移动子弹
+                enemyBullet.move()
+
+                # 敌方子弹 是否击中 我方坦克
+                enemyBullet.enemyBullet_hit_myTank()
+
+                # 敌方子弹是否击中墙壁
+                enemyBullet.hitWall()
+
+            # 如果子弹不存在，则从列表中移除
+            else:
+                MainGame.enemyBulletList.remove(enemyBullet)
+
+    def endGame(self):
+        """结束游戏"""
+
+        print('谢谢使用，欢迎再次使用')
+        pygame.quit()
+        exit()
+
+    def getTextSuface(self, text):
+        """左上角添加文字"""
+
+        # 初始化字体模块
+        pygame.font.init()
+
+        # 获取字体Font对象
+        font = pygame.font.SysFont('ヒラキノ角コシックw8', 18)
+
+        # 绘制文字信息
+        textSurface = font.render(text, True, TEXT_COLOR)
+
+        return textSurface
+
+    def getEvent(self):
+        """获取事件"""
+
+        # 获取所有事件
+        eventList = pygame.event.get()
+
+        # 遍历事件
+        for event in eventList:
+
+            # 鼠标点击退出，则结束游戏
+            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
+                self.endGame()
+
+            # 如果是键盘事件
+            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
+
+                # 当我方坦克死亡
+                if not MainGame.my_tank:
+
+                    # 如果按下 Esc键
+                    if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
+                        # 我方坦克重生
+                        self.createMytank()
+
+                # 如果我方坦克存活
+                if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:
+
+                    # 按左键
+                    if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
+                        # 切换方向
+                        MainGame.my_tank.direction = 'L'
+
+                        # 修改坦克的开关状态
+                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = False
+
+
+                    # 按右键
+                    elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
+                        # 切换方向
+                        MainGame.my_tank.direction = 'R'
+
+                        # 修改坦克的开关状态
+                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = False
+
+
+                    # 按上键
+                    elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
+                        # 切换方向
+                        MainGame.my_tank.direction = 'U'
+
+                        # 修改坦克的开关状态
+                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = False
+
+
+                    # 按下键
+                    elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
+                        # 切换方向
+                        MainGame.my_tank.direction = 'D'
+
+                        # 修改坦克的开关状态
+                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = False
+
+
+                    # 按空格
+                    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
+                        """发射子弹"""
+
+                        # 最多发射 3发子弹
+                        if len(MainGame.myBulletList) < 3:
+                            # 创建子弹
+                            myBullet = Bullet(MainGame.my_tank)
+
+                            # 将子弹添加进列表
+                            MainGame.myBulletList.append(myBullet)
+
+                            # 添加音效
+                            music = Music('img/hit.wav')
+                            music.play()
+
+            # 松开方向键
+            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
+                """坦克停止移动，修改坦克的开关状态"""
+
+                # 判断松开的键是上、下、左、右时候才停止坦克移动
+                if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
+                    if MainGame.my_tank and MainGame.my_tank.live:
+                        MainGame.my_tank.stop = True
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    MainGame().startGame()

06_PyQt5控件.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:b5efa7da262aeda4dc2d5f5ddfebe2ded5ac6b1bcbd10b844630ded7afdba8d0
+size 11522617

06_PyQt6-PySide6.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:79420cd37515a89456d24ac84cc59a3e74e4034cb84396b8d8af9123fdc22707
+size 118934552

06_Pygame实战：AI贪吃蛇.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,942 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "id": "bc8cda21",
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-10-05T14:06:32.358450Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-10-05T14:06:09.861617Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "pygame 2.1.0 (SDL 2.0.16, Python 3.9.12)\n",
+      "Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路��吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n",
+      "安全路径吃食物\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt",
+     "evalue": "",
+     "output_type": "error",
+     "traceback": [
+      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "Input \u001b[0;32mIn [1]\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m<cell line: 369>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    374\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 当前布局能找到吃food_path\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    375\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m food_flag \u001b[38;5;241m==\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m:\n\u001b[1;32m    376\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 虚拟蛇探路，吃到食物后如果能找到tail_path则返回1\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 377\u001b[0m     virtual_tail_flag \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mexploretheway\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mfood_Position\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43msnake_Body\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    379\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 虚拟蛇吃完食物后找得到tail_path\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    380\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m virtual_tail_flag \u001b[38;5;241m==\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m:\n",
+      "Input \u001b[0;32mIn [1]\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mexploretheway\u001b[0;34m(food_position0, snake_body0)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    229\u001b[0m food_position \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m food_position0\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mcopy()\n\u001b[1;32m    231\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mwhile\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mTrue\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    232\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 获取觅食路径\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 233\u001b[0m     path, flag1 \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mBFS\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mfood_position\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43msnake_body\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    235\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 更新蛇头\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    236\u001b[0m     snake_body\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39minsert(\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m, path[\u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m])\n",
+      "Input \u001b[0;32mIn [1]\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mBFS\u001b[0;34m(food_position0, snake_body0)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    149\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 如果当前没有吃到食物\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    150\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m currentlocation \u001b[38;5;241m!=\u001b[39m food_position:\n\u001b[1;32m    151\u001b[0m \n\u001b[1;32m    152\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 记录下一步可以走到的位置，不考虑蛇身更新情况\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 153\u001b[0m     l1 \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mwalkable\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mcurrentlocation\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43msnake_body\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    155\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 遍历下一步的所有可能\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    156\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mfor\u001b[39;00m i \u001b[38;5;129;01min\u001b[39;00m l1:\n",
+      "Input \u001b[0;32mIn [1]\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mwalkable\u001b[0;34m(location0, snake_body0)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    103\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 向左\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    104\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m location0[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m] \u001b[38;5;241m-\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m20\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m>\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;129;01mand\u001b[39;00m [location0[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m] \u001b[38;5;241m-\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m20\u001b[39m, location0[\u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m]] \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01min\u001b[39;00m snake_body0:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 105\u001b[0m     \u001b[43ml\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mappend\u001b[49m([location0[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m] \u001b[38;5;241m-\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m20\u001b[39m, location0[\u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m]])\n\u001b[1;32m    107\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# 向下\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    108\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m location0[\u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m] \u001b[38;5;241m+\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m20\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m<\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m300\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;129;01mand\u001b[39;00m [location0[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m], location0[\u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m] \u001b[38;5;241m+\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m20\u001b[39m] \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01min\u001b[39;00m snake_body0:\n",
+      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import pygame\n",
+    "import sys\n",
+    "import random\n",
+    "import time\n",
+    "from pygame.locals import *\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 初始化Pygame库\n",
+    "pygame.init()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 初始化一个游戏界面窗口\n",
+    "DISPLAY = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 设置游戏窗口的标题\n",
+    "pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 定义一个变量来控制游戏速度\n",
+    "FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 初始化游戏界面内使用的字体\n",
+    "BASICFONT = pygame.font.SysFont(\"SIMYOU.TTF\", 80)\n",
+    "font = pygame.font.SysFont('simsunnsimsun', 80)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 设置颜色\n",
+    "BLACK = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)\n",
+    "WHITE = pygame.Color(255, 255, 255)\n",
+    "RED = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)\n",
+    "GREY = pygame.Color(150, 150, 150)\n",
+    "GREEN = pygame.Color(0, 255, 255)\n",
+    "YELLOW = pygame.Color(255, 255, 0)\n",
+    "FORESTGREEN = pygame.Color(34, 139, 34)\n",
+    "Purple3 = pygame.Color(125, 38, 205)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 贪吃蛇头的初始位置\n",
+    "snake_Head = [100, 100]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 初始化贪吃蛇的身体 (注：这里以20*20为一个标准小格子)\n",
+    "snake_Body = [[80, 100], [60, 100], [40, 100]]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 指定蛇初始前进的方向 -- 向右\n",
+    "direction = \"RIGHT\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def randomfood(snake_Body):\n",
+    "    \"\"\"随机生成食物\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 随机生���食物的位置\n",
+    "    x = random.randrange(1, 15)\n",
+    "    y = random.randrange(1, 15)\n",
+    "    Position = [int(x * 20), int(y * 20)]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 如果食物在贪吃蛇的身体里，则重新随机\n",
+    "    while Position in snake_Body:\n",
+    "        x = random.randrange(1, 15)\n",
+    "        y = random.randrange(1, 15)\n",
+    "        Position = [int(x * 20), int(y * 20)]\n",
+    "    return Position\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 随机出现第一个食物\n",
+    "food_Position = randomfood(snake_Body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 标记食物\n",
+    "food_flag = 1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def GameOver():\n",
+    "    \"\"\"游戏结束\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 设置GameOver的显示颜色与文字\n",
+    "    if (len(snake_Body) - 3) <= 10:\n",
+    "        GameOver_Surf = font.render('太菜了', True, GREY)\n",
+    "    elif 10 <= (len(snake_Body) - 3) <= 20:\n",
+    "        GameOver_Surf = font.render('一般般', True, GREY)\n",
+    "    else:\n",
+    "        GameOver_Surf = font.render('很棒！', True, GREY)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 设置GameOver的位置\n",
+    "    GameOver_Rect = GameOver_Surf.get_rect()\n",
+    "    GameOver_Rect.midtop = (320, 200)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 绑定以上设置到句柄\n",
+    "    DISPLAY.blit(GameOver_Surf, GameOver_Rect)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 刷新画面\n",
+    "    pygame.display.flip()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 等待3秒\n",
+    "    time.sleep(3)\n",
+    "    # 退出游戏\n",
+    "    pygame.quit()\n",
+    "    # 退出程序\n",
+    "    sys.exit()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def walkable(location0, snake_body0):\n",
+    "    \"\"\"返回下一步可以到达的位置\"\"\"\n",
+    "    l = []\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 向右\n",
+    "    if location0[0] + 20 < 300 and [location0[0] + 20, location0[1]] not in snake_body0:\n",
+    "        l.append([location0[0] + 20, location0[1]])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 向左\n",
+    "    if location0[0] - 20 >= 0 and [location0[0] - 20, location0[1]] not in snake_body0:\n",
+    "        l.append([location0[0] - 20, location0[1]])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 向下\n",
+    "    if location0[1] + 20 < 300 and [location0[0], location0[1] + 20] not in snake_body0:\n",
+    "        l.append([location0[0], location0[1] + 20])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 向上\n",
+    "    if location0[1] - 20 >= 0 and [location0[0], location0[1] - 20] not in snake_body0:\n",
+    "        l.append([location0[0], location0[1] - 20])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    return l\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def changexy(position0):\n",
+    "    \"\"\"改变位置\"\"\"\n",
+    "    position = position0.copy()\n",
+    "    return position[1] * 15 + position[0]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def BFS(food_position0, snake_body0):\n",
+    "    # 获取食物的位置\n",
+    "    food_position = food_position0.copy()\n",
+    "    # 获取贪吃蛇的身体信息\n",
+    "    snake_body = snake_body0.copy()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 是否可以吃到食物\n",
+    "    flag = 0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 存储路径\n",
+    "    path = []\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 搜索栈，广度优先搜索\n",
+    "    search_stack = []\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # {下一个位置：当前位置}\n",
+    "    visited_dict = {}\n",
+    "    search_stack.append([snake_body[0][0], snake_body[0][1]])\n",
+    "    visited_dict[changexy([snake_body[0][0], snake_body[0][1]])] = -1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 进行广度优先遍历\n",
+    "    while len(search_stack) > 0:\n",
+    "        # 获取贪吃蛇头当前位置\n",
+    "        currentlocation = search_stack.pop(0)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 如果当前没有吃到食物\n",
+    "        if currentlocation != food_position:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 记录下一步可以走到的位置，不考虑蛇身更新情况\n",
+    "            l1 = walkable(currentlocation, snake_body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 遍历下一步的所有可能\n",
+    "            for i in l1:\n",
+    "                if visited_dict.get(changexy(i)) == None:\n",
+    "                    search_stack.append(i)\n",
+    "                    visited_dict[changexy(i)] = currentlocation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 如果吃到该食物\n",
+    "        else:\n",
+    "            flag = 1\n",
+    "            break\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 添加食物位置进路径\n",
+    "    path.append(currentlocation)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 不断将前一个位置添加进路径\n",
+    "    while visited_dict[changexy(currentlocation)] != -1:\n",
+    "        currentlocation = visited_dict[changexy(currentlocation)]\n",
+    "        path.append(currentlocation)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 反转 --> 贪吃蛇的头到食物的路径\n",
+    "    path.reverse()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    return path, flag\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def tailBFS(tail_position0, snake_body0):\n",
+    "    # 蛇尾、蛇身\n",
+    "    tail_position = tail_position0.copy()\n",
+    "    snake_body = snake_body0.copy()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 记录是否能到蛇尾\n",
+    "    flag = 0\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 记录到蛇尾的路径\n",
+    "    path = []\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 搜索栈\n",
+    "    search_stack = []\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # {下一个位置：当前位置}\n",
+    "    visited_dict = {}\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 初始化\n",
+    "    search_stack.append([snake_body[0][0], snake_body[0][1]])\n",
+    "    visited_dict[changexy([snake_body[0][0], snake_body[0][1]])] = -1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 开始广度优先遍历\n",
+    "    while len(search_stack) > 0:\n",
+    "        # 获取当前位置\n",
+    "        currentlocation = search_stack.pop(0)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        if currentlocation != tail_position:\n",
+    "            # l1存储下一步可走的位置，蛇尾是可到达的\n",
+    "            tail = snake_body.pop()\n",
+    "            l1 = walkable(currentlocation, snake_body)\n",
+    "            snake_body.append(tail)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 遍历各个可走位置\n",
+    "            for i1 in l1:\n",
+    "                if visited_dict.get(changexy(i1)) == None:\n",
+    "                    # 更新搜索栈\n",
+    "                    search_stack.append(i1)\n",
+    "                    # 记录位置点间的关系\n",
+    "                    visited_dict[changexy(i1)] = currentlocation\n",
+    "        else:\n",
+    "            flag = 1\n",
+    "            break\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    return flag\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def exploretheway(food_position0, snake_body0):\n",
+    "    # 获取蛇身与食物位置\n",
+    "    snake_body = snake_body0.copy()\n",
+    "    food_position = food_position0.copy()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    while True:\n",
+    "        # 获取觅食路径\n",
+    "        path, flag1 = BFS(food_position, snake_body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 更新蛇头\n",
+    "        snake_body.insert(0, path[1])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 如果吃到食物\n",
+    "        if snake_body[0][0] == food_position[0] and snake_body[0][1] == food_position[1]:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 当前位置是否能找到尾巴\n",
+    "            flag2 = tailBFS(snake_body[-1], snake_body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            break\n",
+    "        # 未吃到食物，则更新蛇尾\n",
+    "        else:\n",
+    "            snake_body.pop()\n",
+    "    return flag2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def longest_tail_path(snake_body0):\n",
+    "    \"\"\"返回最长的蛇尾路径\"\"\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 获取蛇身\n",
+    "    snake_body = snake_body0.copy()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 获取下一步可以走的路，蛇尾是可以走的\n",
+    "    tail = snake_body.pop()\n",
+    "    l0 = walkable(snake_body[0], snake_body)\n",
+    "    snake_body.append(tail)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    longest = -1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 遍历下一步可能的情况，如A\\B\\C\n",
+    "    # 再分别利用广度优先搜索，在A\\B\\C的情况下，找出到蛇尾的最短路径\n",
+    "    # 如果A情况下最短路径是最长的，则下一步往A处走\n",
+    "    for i0 in l0:\n",
+    "        flag = 0\n",
+    "        path = []\n",
+    "        search_stack = []\n",
+    "        visited_dict = {}\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 搜索栈 -- 广度优先遍历\n",
+    "        search_stack.append(i0)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # {下一个位置：当前位置}\n",
+    "        visited_dict[changexy(i0)] = -1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 广度搜索\n",
+    "        while len(search_stack) > 0:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 更新当前位置\n",
+    "            currentlocation = search_stack.pop(0)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 如果不在蛇尾\n",
+    "            if currentlocation != snake_body[-1]:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "                # l1记录所有下一位置的可能\n",
+    "                tail = snake_body.pop()\n",
+    "                l1 = walkable(currentlocation, snake_body)\n",
+    "                snake_body.append(tail)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "                # 遍历下一位置的可能\n",
+    "                for j in l1:\n",
+    "                    if visited_dict.get(changexy(j)) == None:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "                        # 更新搜索栈\n",
+    "                        search_stack.append(j)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "                        # 更新各位置的先后关系\n",
+    "                        visited_dict[changexy(j)] = currentlocation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                # 找到了一条到达蛇尾的路径\n",
+    "                flag = 1\n",
+    "                break\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 记录路径信息\n",
+    "        path.append(currentlocation)\n",
+    "        while visited_dict[changexy(currentlocation)] != -1:\n",
+    "            currentlocation = visited_dict[changexy(currentlocation)]\n",
+    "            path.append(currentlocation)\n",
+    "        path.reverse()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 如果有更长的��径，则更新最长路径\n",
+    "        if flag == 1:\n",
+    "            if len(path) > longest:\n",
+    "                longest = len(path)\n",
+    "                longest_path = path\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    return longest_path\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 漫步函数，随机选择蛇头周围四个方向中可走的方向走一步\n",
+    "def wander(snake_body0):\n",
+    "    # 获取下一步可以走的路径\n",
+    "    l = walkable(snake_body0[0], snake_body0)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 随机走一步\n",
+    "    if len(l) > 1:\n",
+    "        x = random.randrange(0, len(l))\n",
+    "    elif len(l) == 1:\n",
+    "        x = 0\n",
+    "    else:\n",
+    "        return l\n",
+    "    return l[x]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def drawSnake(snake_body0):\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 画蛇头（x, y, width, length）\n",
+    "    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAY, Purple3, Rect(\n",
+    "        snake_body0[0][0], snake_body0[0][1], 20, 20))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 画蛇身\n",
+    "    for j in range(1, len(snake_body0)-1):\n",
+    "        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAY, FORESTGREEN, Rect(\n",
+    "            snake_body0[j][0], snake_body0[j][1], 20, 20))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 画蛇尾\n",
+    "    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAY, GREEN, Rect(\n",
+    "        snake_body0[-1][0], snake_body0[-1][1], 20, 20))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def drawFood(food_position0):\n",
+    "    # 画食物\n",
+    "    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAY, RED, Rect(\n",
+    "        food_position0[0], food_position0[1], 20, 20))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def drawScore(score):\n",
+    "    # 设置分数的显示颜色\n",
+    "    score_Surf = BASICFONT.render('%s' % (score), True, GREY)\n",
+    "    # 设置分数的位置\n",
+    "    score_Rect = score_Surf.get_rect()\n",
+    "    score_Rect.midtop = (50, 20)\n",
+    "    # 绑定以上设置到句柄\n",
+    "    DISPLAY.blit(score_Surf, score_Rect)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "while True:\n",
+    "    # 蛇身不动，蛇头动，是否可以吃到食物，返回最短路径\n",
+    "    food_path, food_flag = BFS(food_Position, snake_Body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 蛇身不动，蛇头动，尾巴是否可到达\n",
+    "    tail_flag = tailBFS(snake_Body[-1], snake_Body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 当前布局能找到吃food_path\n",
+    "    if food_flag == 1:\n",
+    "        # 虚拟蛇探路，吃到食物后如果能找到tail_path则返回1\n",
+    "        virtual_tail_flag = exploretheway(food_Position, snake_Body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 虚拟蛇吃完食物后找得到tail_path\n",
+    "        if virtual_tail_flag == 1:\n",
+    "            print(\"安全路径吃食物\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 真实的蛇沿最短路径向食物走一步\n",
+    "            snake_Body.insert(0, food_path[1])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 吃到食物，则重新随机食物位置\n",
+    "            if snake_Body[0][0] == food_Position[0] and snake_Body[0][1] == food_Position[1]:\n",
+    "                food_Position = randomfood(snake_Body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 未吃到食物，则更新蛇尾\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                snake_Body.pop()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 虚拟蛇吃完食物后找不到tail_path\n",
+    "        else:\n",
+    "            print(\"直接吃不安全，找蛇尾\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 真实的蛇沿最长路径向蛇尾走一步\n",
+    "            longest_path = longest_tail_path(snake_Body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "            # 更新蛇身\n",
+    "            snake_Body.insert(0, longest_path[0])\n",
+    "            if snake_Body[0][0] == food_Position[0] and snake_Body[0][1] == food_Position[1]:\n",
+    "                food_Position = randomfood(snake_Body)\n",
+    "            else:\n",
+    "                snake_Body.pop()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 当前布局能找到tail_path（找不到food_path）\n",
+    "    elif tail_flag == 1:\n",
+    "        print(\"找到蛇尾\")\n",
+    "        # 真实的蛇沿最长路径向蛇尾走一步\n",
+    "        longest_path = longest_tail_path(snake_Body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 更新蛇身\n",
+    "        snake_Body.insert(0, longest_path[0])\n",
+    "        snake_Body.pop()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 找不到food_path也找不到tail_path时。随机走一步\n",
+    "    elif food_flag != 1 and tail_flag != 1:\n",
+    "        print(\"找不到食物也找不到蛇尾\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 无路可走\n",
+    "        if len(wander(snake_Body)) == 0:\n",
+    "            print(\"走投无路\")\n",
+    "            GameOver()\n",
+    "            break\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        # 有路可走\n",
+    "        else:\n",
+    "            snake_Body.insert(0, wander(snake_Body))\n",
+    "            snake_Body.pop()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 画布为黑色\n",
+    "    DISPLAY.fill(BLACK)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 画出贪吃蛇\n",
+    "    drawSnake(snake_Body)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 画出食物的位置\n",
+    "    drawFood(food_Position)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 打印出玩家的分数\n",
+    "    drawScore(len(snake_Body) - 3)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 刷新Pygame的显示层，贪吃蛇与食物的每一次移动，都会进行刷新显示层的操作来显示。\n",
+    "    pygame.display.flip()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 控制游戏速度\n",
+    "    FPSCLOCK.tick(20)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 蛇碰到边缘，游戏结束\n",
+    "    if snake_Body[0][0] < 0 or snake_Body[0][0] > 300:\n",
+    "        GameOver()\n",
+    "    if snake_Body[0][1] < 0 or snake_Body[0][1] > 300:\n",
+    "        GameOver()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 贪吃蛇头触碰到自己，游戏结束\n",
+    "    for i in snake_Body[1:]:\n",
+    "        if snake_Body[0][0] == i[0] and snake_Body[0][1] == i[1]:\n",
+    "            GameOver()"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.9.12"
+  },
+  "toc": {
+   "base_numbering": 1,
+   "nav_menu": {},
+   "number_sections": true,
+   "sideBar": true,
+   "skip_h1_title": false,
+   "title_cell": "Table of Contents",
+   "title_sidebar": "Contents",
+   "toc_cell": false,
+   "toc_position": {
+    "height": "calc(100% - 180px)",
+    "left": "10px",
+    "top": "150px",
+    "width": "248.1875px"
+   },
+   "toc_section_display": true,
+   "toc_window_display": true
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}

data/QObject.qss

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+QLabel#notice {
+    font-size: 20px;
+    color: gray;
+    border: 1px solid gray;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+}
+QLabel#notice[notice_level="normal"] {
+    color: green;
+    border-color: green;
+}
+QLabel#notice[notice_level="warning"] {
+    color: yellow;
+    border-color: yellow;
+}
+QLabel#notice[notice_level="error"] {
+    color: red;
+    border-color: red;
+}

data/style.qss

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+QMainWindow{
+    background-color: yellow
+}
+
+QToolTip{
+    border: 1px solid rgb(45, 45, 45);
+    background: white;
+    color: red;
+}
+
+
+
+QPushButton#btnID{
+    border-radius: 30px;
+    background-image: url('./images/left.png');
+    }
+
+#btnID:hover{
+    border-radius: 30px;
+    background-image: url('./images/leftHover.png');
+    }
+
+QPushButton#btnID:Pressed{
+    border-radius: 30px;
+    background-image: url('./images/leftPressed.png');
+    }
+
+QPushButton {
+    background-color: red
+}
+
+QPushButton[name="btnProperty"] {
+    background-color: blue
+}
+
+QGroupBox {
+    background-color: qlineargradient(x1: 0, y1: 0, x2: 0, y2: 1,stop: 0 #E0E0E0, stop: 1 #FFFFFF);
+    border: 2px solid gray;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+    margin-top: 1ex; /* leave space at the top for the title */
+}
+
+QGroupBox::title {
+    subcontrol-origin: margin;
+    subcontrol-position: top center; /* position at the top center */
+    padding: 0 3px;
+    background-color: qlineargradient(x1: 0, y1: 0, x2: 0, y2: 1,stop: 0 #FF0ECE, stop: 1 #FFFFFF);
+}
+QGroupBox>QCheckBox{
+    background-color: yellow
+}
+QGroupBox>QPushButton{
+    border: 2px solid #8f8f91;
+    border-radius: 6px;
+    background-color: qlineargradient(x1: 0, y1: 0, x2: 0, y2: 1,
+                                      stop: 0 #f6f7fa, stop: 1 #dadbde);
+    min-width: 80px;
+}
+
+QGroupBox>QPushButton:pressed {
+    background-color: qlineargradient(x1: 0, y1: 0, x2: 0, y2: 1,
+                                      stop: 0 #dadbde, stop: 1 #f6f7fa);
+}
+
+QGroupBox>QPushButton:flat {
+    border: none; /* no border for a flat push button */
+}
+
+QGroupBox>QPushButton:default {
+    border-color: navy; /* make the default button prominent */
+}
+
+
+QComboBox {
+    border: 1px solid gray;
+    border-radius: 3px;
+    padding: 1px 18px 1px 3px;
+    min-width: 6em;
+}
+
+QComboBox::drop-down {
+    subcontrol-origin: padding;
+    subcontrol-position: top right;
+    width: 25px;
+    background: red;
+    border-left-width: 1px;
+    border-left-color: darkgray;
+    border-left-style: solid; /* just a single line */
+    border-top-right-radius: 3px; /* same radius as the QComboBox */
+    border-bottom-right-radius: 3px;
+}
+
+QComboBox::down-arrow {
+    image: url(./images/dropdown.png);
+}
+