GGML Operations

List of GGML operations and backend support status.

How to add a backend to this table:

Run test-backend-ops support --output csv with your backend name and redirect output to a csv file in docs/ops/ (e.g., docs/ops/CUDA.csv)
Regenerate /docs/ops.md via ./scripts/create_ops_docs.py

Legend:

✅ Fully supported by this backend
🟡 Partially supported by this backend
❌ Not supported by this backend

Operation	BLAS	CANN	CPU	CUDA	Metal	OpenCL	SYCL	Vulkan
ABS	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	🟡	❌
ACC	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅
ADD	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	✅
ADD1	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	❌
ARANGE	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
ARGMAX	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅
ARGSORT	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
CLAMP	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	🟡
CONCAT	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡	✅
CONT	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡
CONV_2D	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	✅	❌	✅
CONV_2D_DW	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅
CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅
CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
COS	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	❌	✅	🟡
COUNT_EQUAL	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅
CPY	❌	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
DIAG_MASK_INF	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	✅
DIV	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	✅
DUP	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	✅	🟡
ELU	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	🟡	❌
EXP	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	🟡	❌
FLASH_ATTN_EXT	❌	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	❌	🟡
GATED_LINEAR_ATTN	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	❌
GEGLU	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡
GEGLU_ERF	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡
GEGLU_QUICK	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡
GELU	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
GELU_ERF	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
GELU_QUICK	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
GET_ROWS	❌	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡
GET_ROWS_BACK	❌	❌	🟡	🟡	❌	❌	❌	❌
GROUP_NORM	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
HARDSIGMOID	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	🟡	❌
HARDSWISH	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	🟡	❌
IM2COL	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	✅
L2_NORM	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅
LEAKY_RELU	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅
LOG	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	❌
MEAN	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
MUL	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	✅
MUL_MAT	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
MUL_MAT_ID	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅
NEG	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	🟡	❌
NORM	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡
OPT_STEP_ADAMW	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅
OUT_PROD	🟡	❌	🟡	🟡	❌	❌	🟡	❌
PAD	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
PAD_REFLECT_1D	❌	✅	✅	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌
POOL_2D	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅
REGLU	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡
RELU	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
REPEAT	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	🟡
REPEAT_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅
RMS_NORM	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	✅
RMS_NORM_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅
RMS_NORM_MUL_ADD	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
ROLL	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅
ROPE	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
ROPE_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅
RWKV_WKV6	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅
RWKV_WKV7	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅
SCALE	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
SET	❌	❌	✅	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌
SET_ROWS	❌	❌	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
SGN	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	🟡	❌
SIGMOID	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
SILU	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
SILU_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅
SIN	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	❌	✅	🟡
SOFT_MAX	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅
SOFT_MAX_BACK	❌	❌	🟡	🟡	❌	❌	❌	✅
SQR	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	❌	✅	🟡
SQRT	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	❌	✅	❌
SSM_CONV	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
SSM_SCAN	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
STEP	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	🟡	❌
SUB	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	✅
SUM	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	✅
SUM_ROWS	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
SWIGLU	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡
TANH	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡
TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
UPSCALE	❌	🟡	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅