GeoBrain/random-noise-attenuation-avo

Random Noise Suppression AVO Benchmark

Deep-learning-based random-noise attenuation on pre-stack seismic shot gathers, using the clean seismic.segy AVO dataset and synthetic Gaussian / Poisson noise injection.

Task

Given a clean shot gather, the benchmark first injects synthetic random noise at a specified SNR, then trains a model to directly reconstruct the clean signal:

denoised = model(noisy_input)

This is a paired regression task with clean-target supervision. Most models directly predict the clean gather. The DDPM variant predicts diffusion noise during training and reconstructs the clean gather through reverse sampling at evaluation / inference time.

Dataset

• Source: Clean AVO seismic.segy data
• Current training volume: seismic.segy
• Geometry: 201 traces per shot, time sampling interval dt = 2 ms
• Split: Shot-level sequential 7:1:1
  • 801 training shots
  • 100 validation shots
  • 100 held-out test shots

Synthetic Noise Settings

• Noise kinds: gaussian, poisson
• Default sweep in training / inference scripts: SNR = -5, 0, 5 dB
• Noise injection: per-shot variance-controlled synthetic corruption
• Reproducibility: noise generation is seeded from experiment.seed

Model Architectures

• UNet (unet): classic encoder-decoder with skip connections. Base channels: 32, depth: 4.
• ResUNet (res_unet): U-Net with residual blocks. Base channels: 32, depth: 4.
• DnCNN (dncnn): residual denoising CNN with 17 layers and 64 feature channels.
• Attention UNet (atten_unet): U-Net with attention gates. Base channels: 32, depth: 4.
• DDPM (ddpm): standard conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model with reverse sampling from Gaussian noise to the clean shot gather.
• SCRN (SCRN): Swin Transformer convolutional residual network adapted to the same random-noise benchmark pipeline.

Preprocessing

• Amplitude correction: spherical divergence correction is skipped by default
• Normalization: max_abs, per-shot
• Patching: overlapping 2D patches of size 128 x 256 (trace x time)
• Patch overlap: 50%

Training uses patched shot gathers. Inference reloads the raw volume, applies inference.shot_split, injects synthetic noise, runs patch-based reconstruction, and inverse-normalizes outputs for visualization.

Repository Structure

scripts/random_noise_suppression_avo/
|- train_denoise_unet.sh
|- train_denoise_res_unet.sh
|- train_denoise_dncnn.sh
|- train_denoise_atten_unet.sh
|- train_denoise_ddpm.sh
|- train_denoise_SCRN.sh
|- inference_denoise_unet.sh
|- inference_denoise_res_unet.sh
|- inference_denoise_dncnn.sh
|- inference_denoise_atten_unet.sh
|- inference_denoise_ddpm.sh
|- inference_denoise_SCRN.sh
`- run_all_random_noise_models.sh

configs/random_noise_suppression_avo/
|- denoise_unet.yaml
|- denoise_res_unet.yaml
|- denoise_dncnn.yaml
|- denoise_atten_unet.yaml
|- denoise_ddpm.yaml
`- denoise_SCRN.yaml

Each experiment directory is named by model, noise kind, SNR, and seed, for example:

random_noise_avo_unet_base_gaussian_snr5_seed42/
random_noise_avo_dncnn_base_poisson_snr0_seed43/
random_noise_avo_ddpm_base_gaussian_snrneg5_seed44/

Training Details

Shared benchmark defaults:

Hyperparameter	Value
Loss	MSE
DDPM note	trains on diffusion-noise prediction and validates clean reconstruction after reverse sampling
Optimizer	AdamW (lr=1e-4, weight_decay=1e-5)
Scheduler	Cosine annealing (min_lr=1e-6)
Epochs	200
Gradient clipping	1.0
Seeds	42, 43, 44 by default in shell sweeps
Batch size	192 in current YAML defaults

Usage

Train One Model Family

bash scripts/random_noise_suppression_avo/train_denoise_unet.sh

or

bash scripts/random_noise_suppression_avo/train_denoise_ddpm.sh

Each training shell script sweeps:

• noise kind
• SNR
• seed

by rewriting a temporary YAML config before calling torchrun.

Run Inference

bash scripts/random_noise_suppression_avo/inference_denoise_unet.sh

Inference outputs:

• per-shot metrics CSV
• summary JSON
• visualizations
• optional .npy files
• multi-seed mean/std aggregation JSON

Run All Model Families

bash scripts/random_noise_suppression_avo/run_all_random_noise_models.sh

Current total-run script executes:

1. unet
2. dncnn
3. res_unet
4. atten_unet
5. ddpm

Each model is trained first, then its inference sweep is launched immediately after training finishes.

Inference Outputs

For each experiment, the inference directory typically contains:

inference/
|- inference.log
|- metrics_per_shot.csv
|- metrics_summary.json
|- visualizations/
`- npy/                    # only when save_npy=true

Metrics

The benchmark reports:

• snr
• psnr
• ssim
• mae
• mse
• rmse

for three groups:

• noisy: noisy input vs clean target
• denoised: model prediction vs clean target
• delta: denoised - noisy

Metrics are computed in the normalized domain. Saved visualization outputs are inverse-normalized back to the original amplitude domain.

Notes

• This benchmark injects synthetic random noise once per experiment before patch extraction; it is not an epoch-wise dynamic noise augmentation setup.
• Shot-level inference uses the held-out test shot defined by inference.shot_split.
• Batch size and patch size may need adjustment for memory-heavy models such as DnCNN and DDPM.

References

• Ronneberger et al., U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation, MICCAI 2015
• He et al., Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition, CVPR 2016
• Zhang et al., Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoising, IEEE TIP 2017
• Ho et al., Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models, NeurIPS 2020
• Song et al., Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models, ICLR 2021
• Oktay et al., Attention U-Net: Learning Where to Look for the Pancreas, MIDL 2018
• Gao et al., Swin Transformer for simultaneous denoising and interpolation of seismic data, Computers and Geosciences 2024
• SEG C3 Velocity Model: https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/C3

Results

Mean +- std over available seeds, computed from *_seed_stats/metrics_summary_mean_std.json. Metrics are reported in the normalized domain. Raw (noisy) is the synthetic noisy input before denoising.

Gaussian Noise

SNR -5 dB

Method	Parameters (M)	SNR	PSNR	SSIM	MAE	MSE	RMSE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_NE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_SNR	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_NE	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_SNR	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_NE	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_SNR	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_NE	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_SNR	FB_FRE_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_HIGH_SNR	FB_FRE_LOW_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_LOW_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_LOW_NE	FB_FRE_LOW_SNR	FB_FRE_MID_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_MID_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_MID_NE	FB_FRE_MID_SNR	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_SNR
Raw (noisy)	-	-5.0000+-0.0015	28.4184+-0.0015	0.6663+-0.0002	0.030315+-0.000008	0.001448+-0.000001	0.037994+-0.000007	30.056404+-0.003195	-29.5408+-0.0009	0.974550+-0.000441	0.2240+-0.0039	217.468024+-0.075775	-46.7401+-0.0030	100.131537+-0.019746	-39.9965+-0.0018	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	1.841567+-0.000122	-5.2710+-0.0006	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	1.150310+-0.000255	-1.2055+-0.0019	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	1.147630+-0.000330	-1.1892+-0.0025	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	18.962028+-0.014011	-25.2465+-0.0056
UNet	7.76	8.9440+-0.0034	42.3624+-0.0034	0.9807+-0.0000	0.004273+-0.000002	0.000058+-0.000000	0.007623+-0.000003	2.416080+-0.000817	-7.6466+-0.0029	0.338792+-0.000149	9.4048+-0.0037	15.867472+-0.007823	-23.9986+-0.0043	7.376587+-0.006652	-17.3406+-0.0071	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.371155+-0.000550	8.6215+-0.0129	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.350323+-0.000279	9.1190+-0.0065	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.308464+-0.000132	10.2247+-0.0039	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.857709+-0.001298	-5.2139+-0.0053
DnCNN	0.56	8.9707+-0.0035	42.3891+-0.0035	0.9810+-0.0000	0.004693+-0.000001	0.000058+-0.000000	0.007602+-0.000003	3.098011+-0.001746	-9.8080+-0.0049	0.324189+-0.000137	9.7859+-0.0037	20.750542+-0.000822	-26.3332+-0.0001	9.744805+-0.001931	-19.7626+-0.0019	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.367070+-0.000116	8.7256+-0.0027	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.336299+-0.000336	9.4715+-0.0087	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.297151+-0.000085	10.5476+-0.0027	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.415984+-0.004356	-7.4367+-0.0128
ResUNet	8.11	8.0137+-0.0010	41.4321+-0.0010	0.9801+-0.0000	0.005013+-0.000001	0.000072+-0.000000	0.008487+-0.000001	3.284017+-0.000458	-10.3149+-0.0014	0.364963+-0.000046	8.7602+-0.0010	22.633412+-0.010049	-27.0879+-0.0039	10.442392+-0.004309	-20.3616+-0.0033	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.442797+-0.000388	7.1028+-0.0073	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.335051+-0.000210	9.5125+-0.0057	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.324708+-0.000281	9.7780+-0.0074	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.940459+-0.002013	-9.1227+-0.0075
Attention UNet	7.85	9.2655+-0.0043	42.6839+-0.0043	0.9841+-0.0000	0.003342+-0.000001	0.000054+-0.000000	0.007349+-0.000003	1.420080+-0.001250	-3.0417+-0.0072	0.338450+-0.000173	9.4140+-0.0045	10.383467+-0.018701	-20.2944+-0.0172	3.086211+-0.005139	-9.7630+-0.0130	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.379595+-0.000461	8.4401+-0.0106	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.316613+-0.000383	9.9980+-0.0105	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.300578+-0.000210	10.4476+-0.0062	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.982228+-0.000575	-5.7680+-0.0028
DDPM	33.30	7.1648+-0.1578	40.5832+-0.1578	0.9638+-0.0010	0.006926+-0.000121	0.000089+-0.000004	0.009404+-0.000181	6.014312+-0.110613	-15.4517+-0.1591	0.308027+-0.003648	10.2626+-0.0994	47.100793+-1.606397	-33.1509+-0.2805	21.533452+-0.800196	-26.4012+-0.2870	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.460230+-0.009898	6.8349+-0.1815	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.327191+-0.004703	9.7471+-0.1208	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.334689+-0.005003	9.5485+-0.1310	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	3.874504+-0.119669	-11.4459+-0.2489

SNR 0 dB

Method	Parameters (M)	SNR	PSNR	SSIM	MAE	MSE	RMSE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_NE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_SNR	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_NE	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_SNR	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_NE	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_SNR	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_NE	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_SNR	FB_FRE_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_HIGH_SNR	FB_FRE_LOW_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_LOW_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_LOW_NE	FB_FRE_LOW_SNR	FB_FRE_MID_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_MID_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_MID_NE	FB_FRE_MID_SNR	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_SNR
Raw (noisy)	-	0.0000+-0.0015	33.4184+-0.0015	0.8644+-0.0001	0.017047+-0.000004	0.000458+-0.000000	0.021365+-0.000004	16.901958+-0.001796	-24.5408+-0.0009	0.548030+-0.000248	5.2240+-0.0039	122.291257+-0.042611	-41.7401+-0.0030	56.308101+-0.011104	-34.9965+-0.0018	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	1.035589+-0.000068	-0.2710+-0.0006	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.646867+-0.000144	3.7945+-0.0019	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.645360+-0.000186	3.8108+-0.0025	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	10.663132+-0.007879	-20.2465+-0.0056
UNet	7.76	10.5129+-0.0048	43.9313+-0.0048	0.9847+-0.0000	0.003534+-0.000002	0.000040+-0.000000	0.006361+-0.000003	1.862257+-0.001138	-5.3904+-0.0051	0.285767+-0.000168	10.8867+-0.0049	11.745703+-0.009011	-21.3908+-0.0068	5.497729+-0.002016	-14.7914+-0.0029	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.295392+-0.000340	10.6085+-0.0097	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.298379+-0.000381	10.5175+-0.0108	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.250014+-0.000159	12.0534+-0.0055	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.658566+-0.001730	-4.2297+-0.0092
DnCNN	0.56	11.9518+-0.0034	45.3702+-0.0034	0.9897+-0.0000	0.003337+-0.000001	0.000029+-0.000000	0.005394+-0.000002	2.139022+-0.000466	-6.5928+-0.0021	0.232244+-0.000112	12.6831+-0.0042	13.817607+-0.005660	-22.8012+-0.0034	6.403740+-0.003271	-16.1159+-0.0043	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.269423+-0.000325	11.4154+-0.0105	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.230354+-0.000210	12.7601+-0.0076	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.211891+-0.000061	13.4842+-0.0028	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.749333+-0.002662	-4.6522+-0.0117
ResUNet	8.11	9.7121+-0.0008	43.1305+-0.0008	0.9868+-0.0000	0.004095+-0.000000	0.000049+-0.000000	0.006980+-0.000000	2.710213+-0.000282	-8.6483+-0.0009	0.300704+-0.000028	10.4445+-0.0009	18.291564+-0.005380	-25.2383+-0.0025	8.421791+-0.001544	-18.4938+-0.0015	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.361138+-0.000298	8.8818+-0.0068	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.258261+-0.000021	11.7699+-0.0011	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.258926+-0.000258	11.7461+-0.0084	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.724224+-0.001661	-8.4668+-0.0051
Attention UNet	7.85	11.1362+-0.0024	44.5546+-0.0024	0.9894+-0.0000	0.002881+-0.000000	0.000035+-0.000000	0.005924+-0.000002	1.388531+-0.001529	-2.8484+-0.0096	0.271811+-0.000078	11.3208+-0.0025	6.901314+-0.012339	-16.7698+-0.0152	3.179268+-0.003148	-10.0299+-0.0084	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.313669+-0.000186	10.1016+-0.0052	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.239186+-0.000133	12.4375+-0.0046	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.231816+-0.000084	12.7057+-0.0035	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.011722+-0.002298	-5.8902+-0.0083
DDPM	33.30	7.3520+-0.1258	40.7704+-0.1258	0.9704+-0.0008	0.006917+-0.000085	0.000087+-0.000003	0.009235+-0.000140	6.400374+-0.083429	-15.9559+-0.1142	0.267865+-0.003680	11.5158+-0.1174	51.545130+-1.185846	-33.8794+-0.2025	23.047020+-0.829319	-26.9387+-0.2956	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.458381+-0.006855	6.9020+-0.1255	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.299931+-0.003971	10.5350+-0.1139	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.312099+-0.003603	10.1834+-0.1035	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	4.238241+-0.076306	-12.2105+-0.1462

SNR 5 dB

Method	Parameters (M)	SNR	PSNR	SSIM	MAE	MSE	RMSE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_NE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_SNR	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_NE	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_SNR	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_NE	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_SNR	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_NE	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_SNR	FB_FRE_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_HIGH_SNR	FB_FRE_LOW_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_LOW_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_LOW_NE	FB_FRE_LOW_SNR	FB_FRE_MID_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_MID_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_MID_NE	FB_FRE_MID_SNR	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_SNR
Raw (noisy)	-	5.0000+-0.0015	38.4184+-0.0015	0.9528+-0.0000	0.009587+-0.000002	0.000145+-0.000000	0.012015+-0.000002	9.504669+-0.001010	-19.5408+-0.0009	0.308180+-0.000139	10.2240+-0.0039	68.769427+-0.023962	-36.7401+-0.0030	31.664372+-0.006244	-29.9965+-0.0018	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.582355+-0.000039	4.7290+-0.0006	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.363760+-0.000081	8.7945+-0.0019	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.362912+-0.000104	8.8108+-0.0025	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	5.996320+-0.004431	-15.2465+-0.0056
UNet	7.76	12.7151+-0.0046	46.1335+-0.0046	0.9911+-0.0000	0.002776+-0.000001	0.000024+-0.000000	0.004937+-0.000003	1.481680+-0.000344	-3.4066+-0.0018	0.221581+-0.000125	13.0955+-0.0048	9.064477+-0.003318	-19.1393+-0.0034	4.239337+-0.001748	-12.5320+-0.0035	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.239064+-0.000116	12.4555+-0.0039	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.215258+-0.000339	13.3532+-0.0133	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.191701+-0.000072	14.3603+-0.0033	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.533126+-0.002486	-3.5443+-0.0129
DnCNN	0.56	15.1037+-0.0044	48.5221+-0.0044	0.9949+-0.0000	0.002262+-0.000001	0.000014+-0.000000	0.003753+-0.000002	1.446875+-0.000322	-3.1992+-0.0019	0.163963+-0.000095	15.7072+-0.0050	8.230538+-0.004905	-18.2988+-0.0053	3.831710+-0.001966	-11.6548+-0.0046	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.188635+-0.000053	14.5166+-0.0021	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.153169+-0.000161	16.3053+-0.0090	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.145783+-0.000055	16.7324+-0.0035	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.304467+-0.001570	-2.1151+-0.0091
ResUNet	8.11	10.8324+-0.0010	44.2508+-0.0010	0.9910+-0.0000	0.003324+-0.000000	0.000038+-0.000000	0.006137+-0.000001	2.112371+-0.000957	-6.4850+-0.0041	0.270219+-0.000031	11.3781+-0.0010	13.936359+-0.003499	-22.8763+-0.0022	6.320756+-0.001966	-16.0011+-0.0029	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.310006+-0.000186	10.2124+-0.0054	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.214654+-0.000097	13.3832+-0.0039	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.218305+-0.000050	13.2314+-0.0019	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.720500+-0.002350	-8.4605+-0.0080
Attention UNet	7.85	12.3464+-0.0054	45.7647+-0.0053	0.9926+-0.0000	0.002436+-0.000001	0.000027+-0.000000	0.005154+-0.000003	1.302140+-0.000202	-2.2909+-0.0012	0.235823+-0.000151	12.5582+-0.0056	6.489683+-0.001444	-16.2294+-0.0022	2.849174+-0.001911	-9.0745+-0.0057	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.273493+-0.000307	11.3198+-0.0095	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.198473+-0.000110	14.0576+-0.0047	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.194307+-0.000077	14.2399+-0.0036	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.905562+-0.001105	-5.4070+-0.0026
DDPM	33.30	7.6850+-0.1814	41.1034+-0.1814	0.9725+-0.0011	0.006681+-0.000118	0.000081+-0.000004	0.008914+-0.000193	6.443338+-0.098793	-15.9941+-0.1425	0.238385+-0.004719	12.5798+-0.1693	51.770507+-1.471348	-33.8796+-0.2459	23.298755+-0.920540	-26.9985+-0.3178	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.439799+-0.009433	7.2924+-0.1815	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.279271+-0.005615	11.1908+-0.1729	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.287681+-0.005280	10.9234+-0.1639	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	4.253336+-0.100793	-12.2218+-0.1919

Poisson Noise

SNR -5 dB

Method	Parameters (M)	SNR	PSNR	SSIM	MAE	MSE	RMSE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_NE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_SNR	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_NE	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_SNR	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_NE	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_SNR	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_NE	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_SNR	FB_FRE_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_HIGH_SNR	FB_FRE_LOW_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_LOW_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_LOW_NE	FB_FRE_LOW_SNR	FB_FRE_MID_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_MID_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_MID_NE	FB_FRE_MID_SNR	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_SNR
Raw (noisy)	-	-4.9986+-0.0015	28.4198+-0.0015	0.6663+-0.0001	0.030308+-0.000004	0.001447+-0.000000	0.037988+-0.000007	30.055742+-0.008101	-29.5406+-0.0024	0.974447+-0.000121	0.2249+-0.0011	217.357200+-0.102979	-46.7357+-0.0040	100.096922+-0.017429	-39.9936+-0.0012	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	1.841246+-0.000500	-5.2697+-0.0024	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	1.149769+-0.000100	-1.2014+-0.0009	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	1.147469+-0.000565	-1.1882+-0.0043	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	18.965560+-0.004406	-25.2484+-0.0018
UNet	7.76	8.9857+-0.0031	42.4041+-0.0031	0.9808+-0.0000	0.004256+-0.000000	0.000058+-0.000000	0.007587+-0.000003	2.415076+-0.002099	-7.6446+-0.0074	0.337022+-0.000162	9.4499+-0.0042	15.838296+-0.020752	-23.9837+-0.0112	7.364007+-0.012769	-17.3268+-0.0150	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.369695+-0.000207	8.6562+-0.0048	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.346966+-0.000291	9.2024+-0.0073	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.307719+-0.000289	10.2453+-0.0085	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.854940+-0.000681	-5.2019+-0.0030
DnCNN	0.56	9.1529+-0.0032	42.5713+-0.0032	0.9817+-0.0000	0.004577+-0.000001	0.000056+-0.000000	0.007444+-0.000003	2.963686+-0.002757	-9.4231+-0.0081	0.318671+-0.000195	9.9353+-0.0053	20.184007+-0.006813	-26.0929+-0.0025	9.310510+-0.014889	-19.3658+-0.0138	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.362543+-0.000170	8.8329+-0.0045	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.327873+-0.000558	9.6921+-0.0147	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.294731+-0.000087	10.6183+-0.0027	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.304461+-0.000964	-7.0340+-0.0028
ResUNet	8.11	8.0629+-0.0008	41.4812+-0.0008	0.9801+-0.0000	0.005003+-0.000001	0.000071+-0.000000	0.008439+-0.000001	3.283250+-0.001270	-10.3128+-0.0034	0.362541+-0.000058	8.8179+-0.0015	22.618869+-0.015280	-27.0822+-0.0056	10.436372+-0.009197	-20.3564+-0.0077	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.439369+-0.000187	7.1704+-0.0042	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.333929+-0.000445	9.5405+-0.0117	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.322530+-0.000288	9.8364+-0.0081	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.927225+-0.003374	-9.0763+-0.0105
Attention UNet	7.85	9.2677+-0.0050	42.6861+-0.0050	0.9841+-0.0000	0.003340+-0.000001	0.000054+-0.000000	0.007347+-0.000004	1.457137+-0.003146	-3.2655+-0.0188	0.338279+-0.000204	9.4182+-0.0053	10.006613+-0.029775	-19.9800+-0.0254	3.113864+-0.005793	-9.8431+-0.0157	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.381022+-0.000305	8.4090+-0.0067	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.316770+-0.000630	9.9933+-0.0171	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.299608+-0.000175	10.4757+-0.0051	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.009310+-0.003554	-5.8739+-0.0114
DDPM	33.30	6.8701+-0.2412	40.2885+-0.2412	0.9656+-0.0015	0.007193+-0.000200	0.000096+-0.000005	0.009725+-0.000274	6.228295+-0.163362	-15.7623+-0.2347	0.316087+-0.005547	10.0376+-0.1516	49.867653+-2.345451	-33.6700+-0.4037	22.349018+-1.024055	-26.7452+-0.3855	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.480265+-0.016030	6.4594+-0.2890	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.341868+-0.010202	9.3654+-0.2595	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.348159+-0.009248	9.2047+-0.2314	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	4.089157+-0.171922	-11.9225+-0.3729

SNR 0 dB

Method	Parameters (M)	SNR	PSNR	SSIM	MAE	MSE	RMSE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_NE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_SNR	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_NE	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_SNR	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_NE	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_SNR	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_NE	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_SNR	FB_FRE_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_HIGH_SNR	FB_FRE_LOW_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_LOW_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_LOW_NE	FB_FRE_LOW_SNR	FB_FRE_MID_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_MID_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_MID_NE	FB_FRE_MID_SNR	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_SNR
Raw (noisy)	-	0.0023+-0.0012	33.4206+-0.0012	0.8645+-0.0000	0.017041+-0.000002	0.000458+-0.000000	0.021360+-0.000003	16.897970+-0.004420	-24.5386+-0.0022	0.548122+-0.000078	5.2225+-0.0012	122.192401+-0.050008	-41.7331+-0.0035	56.272479+-0.003774	-34.9910+-0.0005	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	1.035247+-0.000049	-0.2683+-0.0004	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.646679+-0.000100	3.7971+-0.0014	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.645245+-0.000461	3.8120+-0.0062	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	10.666173+-0.001591	-20.2493+-0.0019
UNet	7.76	10.2685+-0.0045	43.6869+-0.0045	0.9836+-0.0000	0.003591+-0.000001	0.000043+-0.000000	0.006543+-0.000003	1.889969+-0.000705	-5.5192+-0.0033	0.294167+-0.000159	10.6331+-0.0049	11.981634+-0.005965	-21.5637+-0.0042	5.589865+-0.005678	-14.9357+-0.0088	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.302042+-0.000172	10.4159+-0.0051	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.306526+-0.000292	10.2817+-0.0086	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.251918+-0.000122	11.9870+-0.0046	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.700620+-0.001753	-4.4417+-0.0097
DnCNN	0.56	11.9815+-0.0031	45.3999+-0.0031	0.9897+-0.0000	0.003295+-0.000001	0.000029+-0.000000	0.005376+-0.000002	2.079791+-0.000670	-6.3499+-0.0029	0.232617+-0.000107	12.6689+-0.0040	13.344696+-0.009765	-22.4992+-0.0063	6.179797+-0.002493	-15.8068+-0.0033	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.266328+-0.000111	11.5152+-0.0037	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.230965+-0.000154	12.7369+-0.0059	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.211589+-0.000091	13.4965+-0.0039	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.752735+-0.000788	-4.6601+-0.0031
ResUNet	8.11	9.6522+-0.0017	43.0706+-0.0017	0.9866+-0.0000	0.004132+-0.000001	0.000049+-0.000000	0.007028+-0.000002	2.740937+-0.000949	-8.7459+-0.0027	0.302456+-0.000073	10.3936+-0.0022	18.531887+-0.013041	-25.3514+-0.0060	8.541418+-0.001232	-18.6162+-0.0013	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.362209+-0.000080	8.8562+-0.0018	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.261251+-0.000237	11.6697+-0.0082	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.259974+-0.000213	11.7098+-0.0073	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.777232+-0.001871	-8.6346+-0.0041
Attention UNet	7.85	11.1553+-0.0062	44.5737+-0.0062	0.9893+-0.0000	0.002898+-0.000001	0.000035+-0.000000	0.005911+-0.000004	1.390313+-0.000376	-2.8592+-0.0024	0.271191+-0.000200	11.3407+-0.0065	6.832799+-0.013773	-16.6845+-0.0180	3.183770+-0.002159	-10.0437+-0.0061	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.311212+-0.000090	10.1706+-0.0021	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.241095+-0.000265	12.3663+-0.0099	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.232303+-0.000295	12.6878+-0.0110	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.948963+-0.002379	-5.6070+-0.0092
DDPM	33.30	7.0527+-0.6239	40.4711+-0.6239	0.9676+-0.0048	0.007126+-0.000446	0.000095+-0.000016	0.009612+-0.000744	6.653783+-0.446833	-16.2410+-0.5495	0.276525+-0.017426	11.2760+-0.5134	53.515679+-4.622386	-34.1060+-0.6560	24.062672+-2.095657	-27.2173+-0.6063	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.475384+-0.035410	6.6314+-0.6020	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.312405+-0.023336	10.2214+-0.6120	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.322814+-0.021756	9.9253+-0.5612	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	4.417432+-0.370473	-12.5098+-0.6560

SNR 5 dB

Method	Parameters (M)	SNR	PSNR	SSIM	MAE	MSE	RMSE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_NE	EB_WSE_MEDIUM_40_70_SNR	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_NE	EB_WSE_STRONG_70_100_SNR	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_NE	EB_WSE_VERY_WEAK_5_20_SNR	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_NE	EB_WSE_WEAK_20_40_SNR	FB_FRE_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_HIGH_SNR	FB_FRE_LOW_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_LOW_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_LOW_NE	FB_FRE_LOW_SNR	FB_FRE_MID_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_MID_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_MID_NE	FB_FRE_MID_SNR	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_ENERGY_RATIO	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_FREQUENCY_RANGE_HZ	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_NE	FB_FRE_VERY_HIGH_SNR
Raw (noisy)	-	5.0013+-0.0005	38.4197+-0.0005	0.9528+-0.0000	0.009585+-0.000001	0.000145+-0.000000	0.012013+-0.000001	9.502945+-0.000967	-19.5391+-0.0007	0.308110+-0.000111	10.2259+-0.0031	68.744539+-0.029754	-36.7371+-0.0038	31.665301+-0.014444	-29.9967+-0.0040	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.582273+-0.000219	4.7300+-0.0031	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.363669+-0.000022	8.7967+-0.0007	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.362916+-0.000190	8.8104+-0.0045	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	5.996074+-0.000881	-15.2461+-0.0005
UNet	7.76	12.6735+-0.0009	46.0919+-0.0009	0.9909+-0.0000	0.002779+-0.000000	0.000025+-0.000000	0.004961+-0.000001	1.481825+-0.000701	-3.4074+-0.0040	0.222778+-0.000029	13.0481+-0.0011	9.008784+-0.003577	-19.0862+-0.0034	4.219501+-0.002957	-12.4921+-0.0066	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.239523+-0.000217	12.4398+-0.0074	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.216420+-0.000178	13.3066+-0.0068	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.191949+-0.000036	14.3481+-0.0016	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.547839+-0.002906	-3.6236+-0.0174
DnCNN	0.56	14.9594+-0.0020	48.3778+-0.0020	0.9947+-0.0000	0.002342+-0.000000	0.000015+-0.000000	0.003815+-0.000001	1.522983+-0.000381	-3.6445+-0.0022	0.165433+-0.000050	15.6299+-0.0027	8.890889+-0.004972	-18.9705+-0.0049	4.179185+-0.003171	-12.4093+-0.0066	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.191927+-0.000064	14.3658+-0.0032	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.156217+-0.000152	16.1340+-0.0084	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.147813+-0.000084	16.6122+-0.0049	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.332505+-0.001006	-2.3057+-0.0060
ResUNet	8.11	10.8216+-0.0028	44.2400+-0.0028	0.9910+-0.0000	0.003328+-0.000001	0.000038+-0.000000	0.006145+-0.000002	2.117962+-0.000157	-6.5076+-0.0007	0.270441+-0.000104	11.3697+-0.0032	13.996343+-0.003306	-22.9134+-0.0018	6.346291+-0.000121	-16.0362+-0.0005	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.312489+-0.000390	10.1357+-0.0105	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.213235+-0.000057	13.4415+-0.0022	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.217869+-0.000157	13.2491+-0.0063	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	2.743843+-0.000951	-8.5181+-0.0040
Attention UNet	7.85	12.6766+-0.0026	46.0950+-0.0026	0.9927+-0.0000	0.002410+-0.000000	0.000025+-0.000000	0.004963+-0.000002	1.269969+-0.000532	-2.0736+-0.0038	0.226817+-0.000076	12.8987+-0.0029	6.554225+-0.009750	-16.3159+-0.0124	2.798576+-0.001532	-8.9212+-0.0049	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.266124+-0.000058	11.5615+-0.0020	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.193572+-0.000061	14.2755+-0.0031	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.184649+-0.000163	14.6821+-0.0076	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	1.804460+-0.001932	-4.9281+-0.0089
DDPM	33.30	7.7837+-0.1844	41.2021+-0.1844	0.9731+-0.0010	0.006599+-0.000113	0.000080+-0.000004	0.008816+-0.000195	6.370634+-0.085031	-15.8910+-0.1299	0.235900+-0.005620	12.6722+-0.2013	51.105551+-1.416591	-33.7590+-0.2365	23.034157+-0.819724	-26.8922+-0.2705	0.168114+-0.000000	48.3333-73.5333	0.435121+-0.009157	7.3876+-0.1786	0.283209+-0.000000	6.3333-23.1333	0.276556+-0.005804	11.2774+-0.1790	0.425271+-0.000000	23.1333-48.3333	0.284865+-0.005449	11.0101+-0.1739	0.001317+-0.000000	73.5333-90.3333	4.204208+-0.103543	-12.1174+-0.1917