GRT-10M-Curriculum: Multi-Round Symplectic Curriculum (MatterWaveAI/grt-10m-curriculum)

Multi-Round Symplectic Curriculum Release: Starting from the exact same 8.7M-parameter (2.2M non-embedding backbone across 6 rotational blocks) checkpoint as MatterWaveAI/grt-10m, MatterWaveAI/grt-10m-curriculum applies multi-round curriculum optimization with HuygensSymplecticAdam. Across the 9-task SLM-Bench multiple-choice suite (13,144 held-out examples), macro-average accuracy rises from 37.61% (PairAdam NeurIPS Submission) β†’ 41.71% (Single-Pass HuygensSymplecticAdam) β†’ 45.74% (Multi-Round Curriculum, +8.13%), while GSM8K 4-way numerical verification reaches 96.60% (PPL = 25.28, down 5.77Γ— from 145.85).

Model Details

Total parameters 8,685,283 (8.7M)
Non-embedding parameters 2,235,283 (2.2M)
d_model 256
n_blocks 6
n_heads 4
n_qkv_rotations 5
ffn_n_rotations 9
Vocabulary 50,000 (BPE)
Max sequence length 1,024
Precision float32

The embedding dominates the parameter count: 6.45M of 8.7M parameters are the token embedding (50,000 tokens x 128 phase angles, plus a log-magnitude per token).

Training

Base Pretraining Data Nemotron
Base Pretraining Steps 336,000
Base Pretraining Optimizer PairAdam (MatterWaveAI/grt-10m-base)
Base Peak LR 1e-3, cosine decay to 10%
Base Training Loss 2.144
Task Adaptation Optimizer HuygensSymplecticAdam (SymplecticAdam two-stage curriculum)
Metric Value
Validation loss 4.033
Validation perplexity 56.4
Validation accuracy 0.400

Benchmarks: NeurIPS Submission (PairAdam) β†’ Single-Pass HuygensSymplecticAdam β†’ Multi-Round Curriculum (grt-10m-curriculum)

Evaluated across the 10-task SLM-Bench small-language-model suite (training/slm_bench.py / grt-slm-bench) starting from the exact same 8.7M-parameter (2.2M non-embedding) checkpoint:

1. Multiple-Choice Accuracy (9 Core SLM-Bench Tasks, 13,144 Held-Out Examples)

Task (SLM-Bench) Split (n) Random Zero-Shot NeurIPS Baseline (PairAdam) Single-Pass (HuygensSymplectic) Multi-Round Curriculum Total Gain (Curriculum vs. PairAdam)
BoolQ (google/boolq) val (3,270) 50.00% 62.14% 61.13% 62.17% 64.59% +3.46% (+2.42% vs. Single-Pass)
ARC-Easy (allenai/ai2_arc) test (2,376) 25.00% 26.94% 26.60% 32.28% 33.16% +6.56% (+0.88% vs. Single-Pass)
ARC-Challenge (allenai/ai2_arc) test (1,172) 25.00% 22.53% 24.91% 27.13% 30.03% +5.12% (+2.90% vs. Single-Pass)
OpenBookQA (allenai/openbookqa) test (500) 25.00% 30.00% 22.60% 35.20% 40.00% +17.40% (+4.80% vs. Single-Pass)
PIQA (baber/piqa) val (1,838) 50.00% 52.18% 50.82% 52.18% 53.37% +2.55% (+1.19% vs. Single-Pass)
WinoGrande (allenai/winogrande) val (1,267) 50.00% 50.51% 50.75% 51.85% 52.33% +1.58% (+0.48% vs. Single-Pass)
HellaSwag (Rowan/hellaswag) val (1,000) 25.00% 25.60% 29.10% 30.80% 36.80% +7.70% (+6.00% vs. Single-Pass)
QNLI (nyu-mll/glue) val (1,000) 50.00% 52.70% 49.70% 60.90% 76.20% +26.50% (+15.30% vs. Single-Pass)
CommonsenseQA (tau/commonsense_qa) val (1,221) 20.00% 20.15% 22.85% 22.85% 25.14% +2.29% (+2.29% vs. Single-Pass)
9-Task Multiple-Choice Macro Average 13,144 total 35.56% 38.08% 37.61% 41.71% 45.74% +8.13% (+4.03% vs. Single-Pass)

2. Mathematical Reasoning Held-Out Perplexity & Verification (GSM8K, test split, n = 500)

Metric (SLM-Bench) Zero-Shot NeurIPS Baseline (PairAdam) Single-Pass (HuygensSymplectic) Multi-Round Curriculum Total Improvement (Curriculum vs. Zero-Shot / PairAdam)
GSM8K Held-Out Perplexity (PPL ↓) 145.85 37.27 30.09 25.28 5.77Γ— lower vs. Zero-Shot (-32.2% vs. PairAdam)
GSM8K 4-Way Numerical Verification (Acc ↑) 22.00% 21.80% 84.60% 96.60% +74.80% vs. PairAdam (+12.00% vs. Single-Pass)

Overview of Multi-Round Curriculum Optimization

While single-pass task adaptation with HuygensSymplecticAdam already improves substantially over first-generation PairAdam, a compact 2.2M-parameter rotational backbone (6 Givens butterfly blocks on SO(D)) benefits further from multi-round curriculum training:

  1. Norm-Preserving Rotational Geometry (SO(D)): Unlike standard dense transformers (nn.Linear) whose unconstrained weight matrices overfit small-scale benchmarks within 1–2 epochs, GRT-10M parameterizes its projections as cascades of norm-preserving 2Γ—2 Givens rotations. Because orthogonal transformations preserve vector norms (||R(theta) x||_2 = ||x||_2), the backbone can be trained across multiple progressive curriculum stages without norm explosion or catastrophic forgetting.
  2. Symplectic & Wavefront-Coupled Angular Updates (HuygensSymplecticAdam): SymplecticAdam and HuygensSymplecticAdam track angular velocity and cross-stage phase coherence across the Givens cascades, allowing deeper rotational blocks to align smoothly over multi-stage schedules where first-order PairAdam stalls.
  3. Progressive Multi-Round Curriculum: Starting from the base pretrained checkpoint, the model is adapted across successive curriculum stages with cosine learning-rate scheduling, steadily refining angular phase alignment across all 6 blocks before consolidating into the published model.safetensors checkpoint.

Usage

pip install geometric-rotation-transformer
from grt import GRTForCausalLM, RotationalTokenizerBPE

model = GRTForCausalLM.from_pretrained("MatterWaveAI/grt-10m-curriculum")
tokenizer = RotationalTokenizerBPE.from_pretrained("MatterWaveAI/grt-10m-curriculum")

input_ids = tokenizer("The geometry of language is", return_tensors="pt").input_ids
output = model.generate(input_ids, max_new_tokens=50, temperature=0.7)
print(tokenizer.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))

Importing grt registers the architecture with the transformers Auto classes:

import grt  # registers model_type "grt"
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("MatterWaveAI/grt-10m-curriculum")

The package is pure PyTorch and runs on CPU. Optimized CUDA kernels are optional and load automatically when installed.

trust_remote_code=True is not supported for this repository. The model code is distributed as a pip package rather than as Hub remote code, because the implementation spans a package with absolute imports that a flat Hub snapshot cannot resolve. Install geometric-rotation-transformer first; import grt then registers model_type: "grt" so the Auto classes resolve these weights.

Architecture

GRT replaces the standard Q/K/V projections and FFN weight matrices with cascades of learned 2x2 Givens rotations in a butterfly pattern. Each stage is modulated by data-dependent Clifford features:

feat  = [S0, V1, V2, B12]           # scalar energy, direction, cross-pair bivector
theta = angles + tanh(modulation)   # base angle + content-dependent nudge
r0    = x0*cos(theta) - x1*sin(theta)
r1    = x0*sin(theta) + x1*cos(theta)

Components:

  • RotationalEmbedding β€” tokens stored as phase angles on the unit hypersphere
  • RotationalAttention β€” Q/K/V via Givens cascades
  • RotationalFFN β€” feed-forward via meta-coupled rotation stages
  • PearlNorm β€” pair-radius normalization preserving per-pair phase
  • RadialGELU β€” activation gating pair magnitudes, preserving direction
  • PairAdam β€” AdamW with factored second moments: 1D params (angles, scales) use standard diagonal moments, 2D params (coupling matrices) use a row factor [m,1] and col factor [1,n] reconstructed as an outer product, at O(m+n) instead of O(mn). Optionally clamps per-step angular updates.

Because every projection is a rotation, the transform is norm-preserving by construction rather than by normalization.

Intended Use & Limitations

Intended for research into structured/rotational architectures. Not intended for production use or deployment.

Known limitations:

  • English only, trained on a single corpus (Nemotron), so it inherits that corpus's coverage gaps and biases.
  • No instruction tuning. This is a base model trained on next-token prediction.
  • At 8.7M parameters, generated text is frequently incoherent. Do not expect instruction-following, factual reliability, or coherent long-form output.
  • No safety tuning, RLHF, or content filtering of any kind.
  • Context is capped at 1,024 tokens.

Citation

@article{grt2026,
  title={Geometric Rotation Transformer: Structured SO(n) Rotations for Efficient Sequence Modeling},
  author={MatterWave AI},
  year={2026},
  url={https://github.com/matterwaveai/grt}
}

License

Apache 2.0

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Dataset used to train MatterWaveAI/grt-10m-curriculum