CALI

CALI (Computer Assistant Lightweight Intelligence) is an experimental lightweight language model trained from scratch on a limited-scale bilingual dataset consisting of Indonesian and English text.

The model was developed to explore lightweight transformer architectures, small-model efficiency, and language model training under constrained computational resources and limited datasets.

CALI is NOT a large-scale foundation model and was NOT trained on massive internet-scale datasets like modern commercial language models.


Important Notes

Due to the relatively small pretraining corpus, the model may exhibit noticeable bias toward the most recent or dominant domains seen during training. Continued pretraining, fine-tuning, or alignment is strongly recommended depending on the intended use case.


Model Details

Property Value
Parameters 121M
Layers 11
Hidden Size 768
Attention Heads 4
KV Heads 1
Head Dimension 192
FFN Dimension 2304
Context Length 1024
Vocabulary Size 32000

Architecture

For a detailed explanation of the CALI architecture:

View Architecture Details


Pretraining

CALI was trained entirely from scratch using carefully selected and filtered datasets designed for research purposes rather than maximizing dataset size.

The training corpus includes:

  • English text
  • Indonesian text
  • Wikipedia
  • News articles
  • General documents
  • Source code

Benchmark Results

Below is the performance comparison of CALI-0.1B against several prominent Small Language Models (SLMs) in the 100M+ parameter range.

Model Name Piqa MMLU Math ARC-Challenge HellaSwag
CALI-0.1B 54.19% 28.04% 24.66% 27.00%
SmolLM2-135M 58.50% 29.90% 31.10% 43.20%
GPT-X2-125M 51.60% 27.80% 27.80% 40.50%
SmolLM-135M 56.30% 28.80% 28.80% 42.70%
MobileLLM-R1-140M-base 49.90% 24.70% 24.70% 33.90%
GPT-X-125M 50.80% 26.70% 26.70% 36.50%
GPT-2 (124M) 39.50% 22.60% 22.60% 31.50%
GPT-Neo-125M 39.40% 22.90% 22.90% 30.40%
OPT-125M 40.20% 22.90% 22.90% 31.40%

Note: The CALI-0.1B scores are strict raw accuracies (acc / acc_norm) obtained directly from the evaluation tracker logs.

Architecture graph for Sandroeth/cali-0.1B. Open in hfviewer

Training Progress

Tokens Step Final Loss
250M 13,564 3.53
350M 18,989 3.53
450M 24,415 4.69
614M 33,356 2.71

Notes

  • Experimental transformer architecture
  • Requires a custom inference implementation
  • Uses Grouped-Query Attention (GQA)
  • Intended for research and experimentation

Citation

If you use or reference this model in your research or projects, please cite:

@article{cali2026,
  title        = {CALI 0.1B},
  author       = {Sandroeth},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Hugging Face},
  url          = {https://huggingface.co/Sandroeth/cali-0.1B}
}

Author

Sandroeth

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