| --- |
| language: |
| - it |
| - en |
| license: apache-2.0 |
| tags: |
| - italian |
| - causal-lm |
| - small-language-model |
| - trained-from-scratch |
| - chatml |
| - conversational |
| pipeline_tag: text-generation |
| --- |
| |
| # ⚛ Quark-50M-v2 |
|
|
| **43.8M parameter Italian-first bilingual language model, trained from scratch by ThingAI.** |
|
|
| Quark-50M-v2 is an ultra-compact causal language model that speaks fluent Italian. Designed as a proof-of-concept for small, efficient, Italian-centric AI. |
|
|
| ## Highlights |
|
|
| - **43.8M parameters** — runs on any device, even CPU |
| - **Italian-first** — trained on 60% Italian data (books, Wikipedia, web) |
| - **ChatML format** — `<|im_start|>user`/`<|im_start|>assistant` |
| - **Custom tokenizer** — 16k BPE, optimized for Italian (4.15 chars/token) |
| - **Trained from scratch** — architecture, tokenizer, and training pipeline all custom |
|
|
| ## Architecture |
|
|
| | Component | Value | |
| |-----------|-------| |
| | Parameters | 43.8M | |
| | Vocabulary | 16,384 (BPE) | |
| | Dimensions | 512 | |
| | Layers | 12 | |
| | Heads | 8 (4 KV heads, GQA) | |
| | FFN | 1,408 (SwiGLU) | |
| | Context | 2,048 tokens | |
| | Normalization | RMSNorm | |
| | Position | RoPE | |
| | Weight Tying | Yes | |
|
|
| ## Training |
|
|
| **Pretraining:** 5B tokens on a curated mix: |
|
|
| | Dataset | Weight | Type | |
| |---------|--------|------| |
| | PleIAs/Italian-PD | 25% | 171K Italian books (public domain) | |
| | FineWeb-2 Italian | 20% | Cleaned, deduplicated web | |
| | Wikipedia IT | 15% | Encyclopedia | |
| | Cosmopedia | 15% | Synthetic educational | |
| | SmolLM-Corpus | 10% | Curated mix | |
| | StarCoder Python | 8% | Code | |
| | OpenWebMath | 7% | Mathematics | |
|
|
| **SFT:** Fine-tuned on [quattro-chiacchiere](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ThingAI/quattro-chiacchiere), a synthetic Italian Q&A dataset generated with [Alembic](https://github.com/skein-labs/Alembic). |
|
|
| ## Usage |
|
|
| ```python |
| import torch |
| from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download |
| from transformers import PreTrainedTokenizerFast |
| |
| # Load |
| ckpt_path = hf_hub_download("ThingAI/Quark-50M-v2", "model.pt") |
| model_py = hf_hub_download("ThingAI/Quark-50M-v2", "model.py") |
| tok_file = hf_hub_download("ThingAI/Quark-50M-v2", "tokenizer.json") |
| |
| # Tokenizer |
| tokenizer = PreTrainedTokenizerFast(tokenizer_file=tok_file) |
| tokenizer.eos_token = "<|endoftext|>" |
| |
| # Model |
| import importlib.util |
| spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("model", model_py) |
| mod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec) |
| spec.loader.exec_module(mod) |
| |
| ckpt = torch.load(ckpt_path, map_location="cpu", weights_only=False) |
| cfg = mod.ModelConfig(**ckpt["model_cfg"]) |
| model = mod.Quark(cfg).eval() |
| model.load_state_dict(ckpt["model"]) |
| |
| # Chat |
| prompt = "<|im_start|>user\nQual è la capitale d'Italia?<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n" |
| ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt, return_tensors="pt") |
| with torch.no_grad(): |
| for _ in range(100): |
| logits = model(ids)[1][:, -1, :].float() |
| nxt = logits.argmax(-1, keepdim=True) |
| if nxt.item() == tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|im_end|>"): break |
| ids = torch.cat([ids, nxt], -1) |
| print(tokenizer.decode(ids[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) |
| # La capitale d'Italia è Roma. |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Examples |
|
|
| ``` |
| Tu: Qual è la capitale d'Italia? |
| Quark: La capitale d'Italia è Roma. |
| |
| Tu: Chi sei? |
| Quark: Sono Quark, piacere di conoscerti. |
| |
| Tu: Come ti chiami? |
| Quark: Mi chiamo Quark, piacere di conoscerti. |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Limitations |
|
|
| - **43.8M parameters** — cannot perform complex reasoning or long-form generation |
| - **Factual accuracy** — may hallucinate facts, especially on niche topics |
| - **SFT dataset** — currently limited; more data will improve reliability |
| - **No safety training** — not recommended for production without guardrails |
|
|
| ## Related |
|
|
| - [Quark3Tokenizer](https://huggingface.co/ThingAI/Quark3Tokenizer) — the tokenizer |
| - [quattro-chiacchiere](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ThingAI/quattro-chiacchiere) — the SFT dataset |
| - [Alembic](https://github.com/skein-labs/Alembic) — the dataset distillation tool |
| - [Glyph](https://huggingface.co/ThingAI/Glyph) — multi-task text classifier by ThingAI |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @misc{quark50m, |
| author = {ThingAI}, |
| title = {Quark-50M-v2: Italian-First Small Language Model}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| url = {https://huggingface.co/ThingAI/Quark-50M} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| Apache 2.0 |
|
|
