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Causal Forge
Causal Forge is a ground-truth causal inference laboratory. Its structural causal model creates confounding, heterogeneous treatment effects, nonlinear outcomes, and known counterfactuals. The benchmark measures whether estimators recover the population average treatment effect rather than merely predicting observed outcomes.
The evaluation compares:
- the unadjusted difference in observed group means;
- inverse-propensity weighting (IPW);
- outcome regression with separate treatment/control response surfaces;
- the augmented IPW (AIPW) doubly robust estimator;
- four nuisance-model regimes where the propensity model, outcome model, both, or neither receive the correct nonlinear feature basis.
The exact potential outcomes and treatment probabilities are retained only because this is a synthetic benchmark. They make estimator bias directly measurable.
Verified results
The benchmark ran 100 independent replications with 3,000 observations and five-fold cross-fitting in each replication.
| Nuisance-model regime | Naive MAE | IPW MAE | Outcome MAE | AIPW MAE | AIPW bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Both correct | 1.1109 | 0.0644 | 0.0388 | 0.0426 | 0.0004 |
| Propensity misspecified | 1.1109 | 0.1342 | 0.0388 | 0.0414 | 0.0008 |
| Outcome misspecified | 1.1109 | 0.0644 | 0.2688 | 0.0481 | 0.0078 |
| Both misspecified | 1.1109 | 0.1342 | 0.2688 | 0.3953 | 0.3953 |
This demonstrates the intended double-robustness boundary: AIPW remains accurate when either the treatment or outcome nuisance model is correct, but not when both are wrong. Results are Monte Carlo measurements on this synthetic SCM, not claims about arbitrary real-world observational data.
Reproduce
uv run python projects/causal-forge/train.py
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