Xinyang Li, Chih-Hsuan Yang, Xiaolong Ma, Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury, Vikram Vasudevan, Rajeev Thakur, Feng Yan (University of Houston, Argonne National Laboratory, Oregon State University)

These are the per-question records behind the paper. A receiver agent can answer alone or wait for a helper agent's message, sent either as text (Text) or as a projected KV cache (C2C). The paper certifies, from the receiver's confidence without the message, a threshold below which the message can be skipped with at most 5% of skipped answers changing, and measures the latency this saves. The release contains:

the receiver's confidence score (ProbeMax) for every question, and the route each deployed policy took;
the raw outputs of every action (receiver alone, Text, C2C) and their parsed labels;
per-request timing records of the end-to-end replays;
every calibration test, including rejected grid points and the settings that fell back;
the frozen configurations and the exact question IDs of every split.

Model weights and full-vocabulary logits are not included. All models and benchmarks are public (see configs/model_identities.json and configs/dataset_identities.json for revisions).

Quick start

The code repository downloads this dataset, checks every file against MANIFEST.json, and re-derives three published results from the records:

git clone https://github.com/Piedpiperrr/safe-to-omit.git && cd safe-to-omit
make setup data verify

To read the records directly:

from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
import pandas as pd

root = snapshot_download("AgentsSci/ICLR2027-SafeToOmit", repo_type="dataset")
# Routes of the deployed large/ARC/Text policy on the 299 ARC development questions:
# route "R" means the receiver answered alone (the message was skipped).
routes = pd.read_json(f"{root}/records/boundaries_large_small/records/large_arc_T_routes.jsonl", lines=True)
print((routes["route"] == "R").sum(), "of", len(routes), "skipped")   # 284 of 299 (Table 2)

Layout

path	contents
`records/<experiment>/`	per-question records: confidence scores (`_probes.jsonl.gz`: `ProbeMax`, `p_labels`), routes (`_routes.jsonl`), raw action outputs and parsed labels, timing (`latency_ms`, `parts_ms`)
`results/<experiment>/`	each experiment's protocol (`PREREG*.md` with its SHA-256), `SUMMARY.md`, `DEVIATIONS.md`, result tables and calibration ledgers
`configs/`	frozen configurations: probe protocols (label tokens, chat templates, prefix token IDs), deployed thresholds and policies, answer-parser freeze, model and dataset identities
`splits/`	question IDs of the fit, calibration and development splits, the sealed ARC test, and the timing panels
`REDACTIONS.json`	the files edited for this release, with the SHA-256 before and after
`MANIFEST.json`, `CHECKSUMS.txt`	SHA-256 and size of every file (`shasum -a 256 -c CHECKSUMS.txt`)

Experiment folders keep the IDs used during the research (E3 … E22, X1 … X4). docs/PAPER_MAP.md maps every table and figure in the paper to its folder, and docs/RECORDS.md lists the records the paper says are released.

Conventions: a setting is a model pair (small, medium, large, or a cross-family pair), a benchmark and a reference path (T = Text, C = C2C). R is the receiver alone. The uncertainty is u = 1 - max_l p_l over the option labels. Unreadable outputs parse to a shared INVALID label. Some older files say "omit" for "skip".

What was changed for release

Process files (progress logs, job-scheduler scripts, draft figures and internal file indexes) are left out. Eighteen files were edited: Chinese table values and quotations were translated, internal file names and workflow notes were removed, and scheduler settings and references to folders that are not released were removed from three configuration files. REDACTIONS.json lists each file with its SHA-256 before and after. No result was changed. Absolute paths in the stored files appear as <private_path> or $DATA_DIR. Hash lists inside experiment folders (*.sha256, MANIFEST*.sha256) were written during the research, so files changed since then no longer match them; the root MANIFEST.json is the reference for this release.

Benchmarks and licences

The records contain question text, options and passages from the benchmarks below, so that every prompt can be reconstructed. That text remains under its source's licence; the share-alike licences of ARC, SQuAD and Natural Questions are why this dataset is released under CC BY-SA 4.0.

benchmark	source (revision)	used for	licence
OpenBookQA	`allenai/openbookqa` (`388097ea`)	main study	Apache-2.0 (authors' repository; the Hub card says "unknown")
ARC-Challenge	`allenai/ai2_arc` (`210d026f`)	main study, sealed test	CC BY-SA 4.0
MMLU-Pro	`TIGER-Lab/MMLU-Pro` (`b189ec76`)	breadth extension	MIT
SQuAD v1.1	`rajpurkar/squad` (`7b6d24c4`)	extractive extension	CC BY-SA 4.0
GSM8K	`openai/gsm8k` (`740312ad`)	math extension	MIT
Natural Questions (MRQA version)	`mrqa-workshop/mrqa` (`f3178d98`)	candidate in the SQuAD selection pilot	not stated on the Hub card; Natural Questions is CC BY-SA 3.0
TriviaQA	`mandarjoshi/trivia_qa` (`0f7faf33`)	candidate in the SQuAD selection pilot	not stated on the Hub card ("The University of Washington does not own the copyright of the questions and documents included in TriviaQA.")
NQ-Open	`google-research-datasets/nq_open` (`5dd9790a`)	candidate in the SQuAD selection pilot	CC BY-SA 3.0

Models: Qwen2.5-0.5B/1.5B/7B-Instruct and Qwen3-0.6B/1.7B/8B, OLMo-2-1124-7B-Instruct, Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct and Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, and the released C2C fusers (nics-efc/C2C_Fuser). Model outputs in the records are subject to the terms of the model that produced them.

Citation

@misc{li2026safetoomit,
  title  = {Safe to Omit, Worth Omitting? Keeping the Answer and Cutting Latency When an {LLM} Agent Skips Another's Message},
  author = {Li, Xinyang and Yang, Chih-Hsuan and Ma, Xiaolong and Chowdhury, Anjir Ahmed and Vasudevan, Vikram and Thakur, Rajeev and Yan, Feng},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Preprint}
}

Contact

Chih-Hsuan (Bella) Yang, bellayang@anl.gov

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