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H: NE5532 slew rate datasheet: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne5532.pdf I saw in most opAmps this rate was given as V/us, for example, for LM741 it was 0.5V/us. Is this 9V/ms a typing error? Because if it is not, then this NE5532 is way slower than the LM741 which is a very ancient opAmp(I have been told so many t...
H: Two different ceramic decoupling capacitors in parallel I am trying to repair a motherboard that had a shorted ceramic capacitor (1206 package) in position B. The voltage across the pads is ~19V. I put in a 10 μF 25V-rated ceramic cap, and the motherboard could be powered on, but the cap quickly became very hot (75...
H: Hidden airwires in Eagle ...? I have designed a PCB using Autodesk Eagle. After I routing the PC and check for errors from Tools -> Errors, there are lot of airwires (31) like below. But, I couldn't find any airwire. How to solve this problem? AI: After rerunning DRC problem is solved as @Huisman mentioned. If you ...
H: Main aspect of circuit designing process As a electrical and electronics engineering student I still do not understand what we actually mean by designing a circuit. Are we just trying to shape signals using components or make sure specified amount of current goes through a particular element or there is somehing mu...
H: Redundant DC-DC converter (parallel) I am building a flight computer for a sounding rocket. I want to include redundant power supplies - in other words: parallel DC-DC converters. What do I need to consider in order to do this? (is my approach doable: see schematic) V+ on the input is connected to two 3S LIPO Batt...
H: How to find replacement LED for TV backlight My TV has a damaged LED in its backlight. The LED had started flickering like 2 weeks ago and finally the whole backlight stopped working. Nothing obviously unusual on the LED driver board, the MOSFET and the sense resistors seem to be okay, no short, body diode working,...
H: Can the same 3V source be used for 2 different circuits I'm trying to combine 2 circuits on a micro:bit - one to operate a PWM motor and the other to drive a 7 segment display. I'm doing this on a Kitronik breakout board https://www.kitronik.co.uk/pdf/5601_edge_connector_breakout_board_for_the_bbc_microbit_datashe...
H: Thevenin equivalent with non-constant voltage Does Thevenin's Theorem cover the case where the voltage source is changing with time? As an example of such a circuit, I'd like to replace a sensor, that produces a voltage, with a Thevenin equivalent in a model. Presuming I have a model of the internal resistance of...
H: Is there a rule of thumb for choosing polygon width? I am currently using the same width as the smallest wire inside the polygon, is this too small? AI: In Eagle, the "width" parameter associated with a polygon is the width of the stroke used to fill it. A wider stroke will be less able to fill narrow gaps between ...
H: Ground offset or common mode noise voltage This is just a small doubt I would like to clear. Suppose I have a buck regulator providing output at 5V and 1A. Suppose I measure the output voltage at the ground pad of the output capacitor and it measures like 0.2V. Is this 0.2V common mode noise or is it ground bounce ...
H: Switch that resets to 'on' after power loss amateur Jack of all trades looking for something I'm not sure exists. I have a mains lighting ring which means I can plug in lamps in my bedroom and turn them on at the door switch (if the lamps themselves are on). What I would like is to be able to switch the lamps on fr...
H: Whats the metal plate on some transitors with the big hole meant for? A lot of transitors have this metal plate on the back with a hole in the middle. Whats the purpose of that? AI: For attaching a heatsink. That big metal part is bonded directly to the semiconductor die inside the device, allowing it to efficient...
H: How does the arc extinguisher work in a miniature circuit breaker? In a miniature circuit breaker, as shown below, the distance between open contacts is much less than the distance between metal bars in the arc extinguisher part (the gap gets progressively longer from contacts to arc extinguisher.) So why does th...
H: 1-channel GPIO from industrial PC over RS232 port I am ordering a computer based on 4x4-R1000V motherboard (Ryzen Embedded, https://www.asrockind.com/overview.asp?Model=4X4-R1000V) for an industrial application. I need a 1-channel GPIO (0 for zero, >1V for one). The board has on-board 1 x COM(RS-232/422/485). My qu...
H: Equivalent circuit of a non-ideal resistor I've come across two different equivalent circuits for a non-ideal resistor and I'd like to understand which is correct. The first is: and the second: These are different equivalent circuits with different frequency responses. To show this I can take the parasitic values...
H: THD analysis of an arbitrary expression in LTspice Is it possible to perform .four THD analysis of an arbitrary expression in LTspice? It works seamlessly with simple expressions like V(out) or I(Rload), but I would like to perform THD analysis on an expression like Ix(U1:VCC)+Ix(U1:VEE), which doesn't work (yields...
H: Is it ever a good idea to rely on wire resistance instead of a proper resistor? I implemented a breadboard prototype based on the circuit below (image created by a LED circuit calculator here). The LEDs are SFH4556P. Voltage for the breadboard is provided by a wall wart adapter (phone charger) and supplies 5V (1A ...
H: Operational Amplifier diagram I came across several circuit diagram which make use of op amplifier. What confused me is that in the diagram, there's a basic diagram of an amplifier followed by e.g 1/4 AD8662 (4 of those diagrams). Does that mean the amplifier has 4 channels or does it mean there are 4 physical amp...
H: Running out of I2C channels on microcontroller I am building a signal acquisition system that has a lot of sensor. These sensors communicate with the microcontroller by I2C interface. I'm running out of I2C channels on the microcontroller. Is there a way that I can add more sensor on the mcu withing necessary using...
H: Is the zeta DC-DC converter topology scalable to 50kW / hundreds of amps? Question The task at hand is to build a 50kW (e.g. say 125VDC 400A out) DC-DC converter that charges a large lead-acid stack with said 400A and accepts a somewhat wide input voltage range. With that in mind, if we allow the input voltage rang...
H: Bidirectional 4 cell Li-Ion battery pack I went through the following application note from microchip that deals with designing a bidirectional power supply for charging a battery pack (pages 16/30 and 17/30). The link: https://www.microchip.com/Developmenttools/ProductDetails/MCP1630RD-DDBK3 The application note ...
H: Why is feeder network so long and other questions? I have an mBed Lora 915Mhz shield I attached to a Raspberry Pi. I had some questions about the feeder network. In the attached schematic. Why isn't a simple cap/inductor pair sufficient for an impedance match in this case? Also, they use a capacitor and inductor in...
H: Floating Power Supplies Referring to this post, is it possible to float power supplies by simply not connecting the ground wire? AI: The safety ground is used for other purposes as well as keeping the frame at 0V. 1) attenuate bidirectional noise thru chokes and Y caps to PE Gnd. 2) reduce accumulated insulated cha...
H: What's the purpose of SMA antenna connector grounding? Can I just use a copper antenna with no grounding? I'm looking at a schematic which includes an SMA antenna connector. I'm wondering why this connector needs grounding and whether a simple copper wire without grounding can be used instead Would I be able to u...
H: Is it good practice to use an ESP32 DevKit in a product? I am developing a small electronic product which, if all works fine, I think about producing and selling in small numbers. Currently I use an ESP32 DevKit for the development. That is the ESP32 development board with "everything" included like power regulator...
H: Series current calculations simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab My question is about elementary series current calculations. Above you see 3 circuits. All circuits have a Vin of 24v connected to either 1 or 2 heating elements (Z1 and Z2). When calculating the current in circuit 1 I apply th...
H: Negative voltage from multi-tap transformer If we have a multi-tap transformer like this: Is it possible to use two of the taps to generate negative voltage and use other taps for positive voltage? AI: Is it possible to use two of the taps to generate negative voltage and use other taps for positive voltage? Not ...
H: Switching between taps of transformer What's the difference between this two methods of "tap switching"? do they work the same? simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab AI: No, the circuits are not the same. I removed the "fluff" (the rectifiers are irrelevant) and added labels. simulate this c...
H: Should I apply soldermask over SMT thermal pads? On page 8 and 9 of the following datasheet, there's a description of thermal pads for this MOSFET: https://www.vishay.com/docs/63302/si2342ds.pdf What I am wondering is: I will design the footprint on the copper layer to have the shape of the footprint on page 8, wit...
H: Looking for documentation about power electronics I'm looking documentation about this circuit. But I'm not able to find about it because I do not know the word associated to this circuit. I would like to have a document which explains all the different steps in function of the time of the circuit. Also, if you ...
H: Lead acid battery charging too fast I have an ebike. I usually charge my lead acid battery for 6 hours until the charger shows green light, and I can travel for 30 Km or so. But since last week, green light indicating full charge appears after only 2.30h, and I can only travel 10 Km max, on low speed. If I try to c...
H: Trying to detect if a battery is charged So I am doing a project as part of which I have rechargeable 5V battery and a charging source. I want to detect if the battery is charged and if it is then all the current should flow to a dummy load but if it isn't then all the current should flow to the battery. I many peo...
H: How to overcome current drop in circuit with high inductance value? I have a very simple circuit that uses a switch to switch between a resistive loop and inductive + resistive loop. Whenever I switch from resistive load to inductive load, the current of the source current measured over the R2 drops to almost 19A. ...
H: pull-ups between logic gates I'm trying to understand why, on this circuit bit, they used pull-ups resistors between logic ICs of the 74LS and CD4000 families. Specifically I'm talking about resistor array RM1 and R1. All the ICs on this circuit are supplied by 5V. As far as I know, pull-ups are needed when you hav...
H: pausing d flip flop output I want to make a digital timer that counts to 99 minutes 59 seconds the problem is that i want to use 4 digit 7 segment display so i have to oscillate the input of the bcd to 7 segment display between the four digits so i have to control the decade counter 74160 so i use mux to choose whi...
H: Phone to TTL output? I am looking for a way to get my phone to output a TTL level signal, up to about 1200 baud. Any suggestions? The only thing I can think of is using an audio output with a square wave signal, and then amplifying it. Is that workable? Anything better? AI: Use a non-linear amplifier to get TTL lev...
H: Perfomance of PCIe expander? A PCIe expander allows to have more PCIe slots from a single one available in the computer. How exactly is the performance affected? Are the output slots in parallel, and therefore the bandwidth decreases by a factor of 3? AI: There's different things that can be called expanders: Lane...
H: Why is propagation delay a function of supply voltage? In the context of FPGAs, it was brought to my attention today that propagation delay varies with supply voltage. When I asked why this was so, one of the FPGA designers stated that a logic gate is essentially an amplifier (which I do agree with) and that more s...
H: why use of 1uf capacitors in max232 ic, why does not use 10uf capacitor in max232 ic.? I have use 1uf capacitor in max232 circuit c1=1uf (pin 1 and 3) c2=1uf (pin 4 and 5) c3=1uf (pin 2 and vcc) c4=1uf (pin 6 and gnd) c5=0.1uf (pin vcc and gnd) why this type of values used? AI: Because if datasheet says 1uF for the...
H: How to change the highlight color in Eagle when using the show command? I want to use "show GND" and have everything highlighted show up purple. How do I achieve this? AI: Select a track by clicking on it. Go to "options", choose "set" and there you should find a slider that can be used to set the brightness of any...
H: Why use 100E resistor in max232 ic in serial pins 13 and 14? serial pin 13(RxD) use 100E -pin 13 to male connector pin 2(RxD), serial pin 14(TxD) use 100E -pin 14 to male connector pin 3(TxD) Why 100E used? I have attached image and mention clearly for your reference... AI: In general, we can't know a specific rea...
H: Resolution of potentiometer I'm a bit confused about the resolution of a potentiometer as a voltage divider. What's the relation between voltage and number of turns in a pot? For example In below circuit: What the resolution of the multi-turn potentiometer would be if we increase/decrease the 5V? Assuming it's a ...
H: How to block / lessen EM-radiation/signal from home Wi-Fi router? 1) What materials and how can I use to completely block radiation from two antennas of my WiFi router? 2) What materials and how can I lessen by 20-50% radiation/signal from the third router antenna? 3) Is there a simple (household / amateur) way to ...
H: Is Inductor peak current same as the Inductor Inrush current I am using a DC-DC converter which is having an inductor rating of 68uH and 2.05A. Output Voltage of dc-dc is 23V and output current max is 300mA Schematic : I am using a current probe and measuring the current through the inductor. When I turn ON the D...
H: System verilog: check if logic signal changes at posedge I'm relatively new to SV. I'm building a testbench in which I want to monitor a signal and take some action if it value changes @ clock posedge. I’m looking for a compact way to this (I.e. not using a register). logic [31:0] var_signal Inizialmente begin f...
H: Can I measure current with a 0.1Ω shunt? I am currently trying to make a game console out of a Raspberry Pi 4 and a hard drive, with an Arduino to control boot, shutdown or reset, plus temperature. I got a degree in engineering in electronics and embedded systems, however I could not practice my skills for a while ...
H: Measuring high voltage with low power op amp I want to use AD623 instrumentation op amp to measure current at high side of the circuit: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab I was thinking to use a voltage divider like above diagram to drop the voltage to AD623 input limit range. but then I c...
H: Can a low amps 48v battery handle big DC motor I have a 48V DC motor, 3500W at 300A, combined with a dc controller with 60A constant and 120A peak discharge rate. Can a 48v li-ion battery with 20A constant and 40A peak discharge rate, safely drive the dc motor? Will the battery be damaged by a dc motor that will ...
H: Twisted pair's effect on power supply rise time I am having a tough time wrapping my head around this question. I am well aware of the benefits of using a twisted pair for signal wires: the cancellation of common mode noise coupled onto the wires, and the cancellation of radiated noise from the loops when there are...
H: Hardware composite video overlay I am building a setup to make more inputs on a composite monitor (in fact it's a VGA monitor with a composite-to-VGA converter on it but the overlay needs to be composite) and everything will be controlled via a microcontroller. I want to be able to show a menu that will tell me wha...
H: Syfer (now Knowe) X2Y EMI filter I struggled to compare the EMI filter needed for 24V to 5V non-isolated BUCK DC/DC (running 300KHz to 500KHz) to ensure it passes CE conformance. I wish to keep switching noise within the DC/DC area as well as filtering out external noise entering into DC/DC. I have two choices: (...
H: Help identifying 8 pin connector Where should I start when trying to identify this connector on a WaveShare epaper hat? I've browsed through more Mouser pages than I want to think about. The manufacturer (WaveShare) has been downright unhelpful. Additionally, what crimp ends are appropriate for this type of connect...
H: Understanding capacitance in oscilloscope probe tip I am trying to understand the capacitance and resistance in oscilloscope probe tip. In the above attached image, that 9Mohm resistance is used for that 1x and 10x setting that divides the input voltage by 10 times or not, right? But which capacitance are we refer...
H: how to wire a 12 lead motor for lowest possible current draw Im on a job where a blower motor that was a 20amp load, was replaced with a 46Amp motor. The bucket can not be replaced for a larger starter, there is no more room in the MCC. The owners do not want to replace the motor, the blower has been rebuilt around...
H: In Verilog , if the always@ block is executed sequentially , how do non-blocking statements work since they are executed parallely? I am getting totally confused because contradictory things are given. https://class.ece.uw.edu/371/peckol/doc/Always@.pdf In this pdf, it is said that whether the 'always block' will ...
H: How to replace a potentiometer with a digital solution in a buck feedback loop? I have a simple pre-made buck converter that looks something like this: The output voltage can be easily adjusted, by turning the R2 trimpot, which adjusts the voltage the feedback pin is getting. What I would like to do, is to take t...
H: How to properly terminate this circuit (50 Ω coaxial to oscilloscope) I'm a bit confused how this type of circuit should be terminated. I have no experience with transmission lines, so I do not know where to put the 50 Ω resistor. It's basically output from an op-amp, there will be a BNC connector, and I want to co...
H: Low-pass cutoff frequency definition (-3dB vs. filter design) For low-pass filters, we usually define the cutoff frequency as the frequency at which the gain drops by -3dB. Another definition, however, comes up in filter design as one of the parameters that specify the filter (along with maximum passband attenuatio...
H: How inductance of a coil changes when there is a metal object nearby? I am not sure if it is increasing or decreasing as some sources say it is increasing whereas some say it is not. What actually happens when a metallic object is put under a coil that is meant to be used as a detection coil for metal detector? AI:...
H: Thermistor scavenge from digital medical thermometer To be more specific, there's this thermistor I scavenge from an old medical thermometer. Something like this Cut to the chase, I connected my multimeter to the two wire of the thermistor where my multimeter shows a resistance of 40.9 kilo ohm at normal temperatur...
H: 4017 IC block diagram I am really confused with the block diagram of 4017 IC. Here's the dataheet. I really can't wrap my head around the way they have taken the output for each count. They are just taking two flip to choose the state. Shouldn't they take all four? The outputs of flip-flops go through the AND gate ...
H: Altium Grid Ends? I am trying to edit the shape of my board in Altium, and I have found that the grid simply stops at the current board edge. I can make the board smaller, but not bigger. The cursor simply won't move beyond the current board edge. I have no idea how to fix this and googling hasn't turned anything u...
H: Trying to get a 32.768 kHz crystal to oscillate I've spent quite a bit of time read up on oscillator circuits and trying to get this circuit to oscillate. I'm trying to build this oscillator for a clock but I won't be putting it into a RTC, so I only need the 32.768 kHz frequency as an output. Rereading, I'm prett...
H: Replace switching diode with MOSFET for lower voltage drop in charge pump? I have seen reverse voltage protection circuits that use a pmos instead of a diode so that there is minimal power loss and voltage drop in that sector of the circuit. I want to make a charge pump for logic level MOSFETs, but if I only have 5...
H: Instrumentation Amplifier - circuit analyze I found this schematic in LT1014 datasheet: What the pointed op amp (and the circuitry around it) is for and how it works? Why do we need to cancel the bias current? What's the application for such a circuit? just like all other in amps? AI: Search for "Bias Current Com...
H: PIC programming in Assembly I went through an assembly program of the PIC16F88 downloaded from microchip and saw something that I have ever seen before ; eeprom definitions org 0x2100 de LOW(IREF_ZERO), HIGH(IREF_ZERO) de LOW(MAX_BATTERY_VOLTAGE), HIGH(MAX_BATTERY_VOLTAGE) ********End of the program...
H: What makes a semiconductor? Wikipedia says the following: Conventional semiconductors like silicon have a bandgap in the range of 1 - 1.5 electronvolt (eV), whereas wide-bandgap materials have bandgaps in the range of 2 - 4 eV. According to this table of semiconductor materials, however, there are semiconductors ...
H: Simple FM Radio Receiver project I've been making my own simple FM radio. I know it's not quite appropriate to make this stuff on breadboard, but if it works, I'll move in on the board and solder it. I wanted to ask why my radio is not picking up any signals. At first I thought of having a very small antenna for t...
H: If you have a BMS, will current be limited at some points to a DC motor and affect performance? I am part of a group in a senior design project. We are designing an electric bicycle. Our professor proposed an issue to us and we are having trouble figuring it out, as we can't really seem to find any information on t...
H: Op-Amp comparator output not reaching 0V I am using a UA741CP opamp IC as a simple opamp voltage comparator. I initially supplied it with 5V and tested the circuit as shown but even though I give voltage less than inverting input to non-inverting input I am getting 1.8 V or near not 0 V as output. I hope someone k...
H: Paralleling MOSFET Oscillation I'm currently reading an application note about paralleling MOSFET and oscillation and it is written the following sentence : "In addition, parallel MOSFETs share a common low-impedance path, which is also susceptible to parasitic oscillation." What does it mean by low impedance path...
H: Capacitor selection for LM3940 LDO regulator My project requires 3.3v for operation. For the simplicity I want to power it with USB sources and this makes me to add step-down converter/regulator to get 3.3v from 5v line (let's omit input power filtering for a moment). I've chosen LM3940 low-drop regulator because o...
H: 50 mOhm F SMD resistor identification HELP! I have been trying to identify this resistor so I can order replacements as several are bad in my device. It’s fairly large. 11mm x 5mm? This is an estimate in reference to the nano2 smd 7a fuse in the socket near by and several other components on board. I have provided ...
H: Superposition principle and voltage division I am looking at some circuit solving using the superposition principle and I came across this one. We need to find \$v_0\$. My thought would be to use superposition and voltage division in the following way: \$v_0=V_{ss}\cdot\frac{2R_a}{2R_a+R}+2V_a\cdot \frac{2R_a}{2R_...
H: What did I feel testing a car battery? Was trying to test the voltage of my car battery but accidently had the multimeter set up for Amps (was using it for an old project and forgot to switch cables/turn the dial). Turned my multimeter on. Connected the terminal to my car battery to test for a flat and while holdin...
H: What is dynamic memory? I have an Arduino Uno and I'm trying to use it to provide data for 1200 WS2812B leds. When I tried to provide data for them, the Arduino IDE says "Sketch uses 5086 bytes (15%) of program storage space. Maximum is 32256 bytes. Global variables use 1952 bytes (95%) of dynamic memory, leaving 9...
H: Is it good practice to substitute a resistor by parallel and series-ing them? In our electronics (I) lab they told us to never use resistors in parallel or series and choose a value near your calculations. but never explained why. Is it ok to just buy the range of 1ohm to 1M and use them to get the resistance I wan...
H: Non-inverting op-amp audio mixer I am trying to make sense of the difference between non-inverting and inverting op-amp based audio "mixers". The circuits are basically summing op-amp amplifiers. Here is the part which I do not understand (Figure from simulations below). I simulated both, and the main difference is...
H: Making sense of potentiometer connections I have stumbled across a problem with potentiometer connections that I have no idea how to tackle. What are the differences of the two circuits below? I understand that the one on the right is the same as a 5kOhm resistance, but the left one I have no idea to what it is equ...
H: Bandwidth and Gain bandwidth product What is the difference between the Bandwidth and the Gain Bandwidth product that we usually find in datasheets of OP AMPS and comparators ? and why have we defined the Gain Bandwidth Product and we did not stick with the The Bandwidth parameter ? AI: Each is a variable Aol (open...
H: How do I calculate the total wattage of a dc to dc circuit? I am trying to figure out the total wattage of the below assumed dc to dc converter circuit block diagram. Can I get it simply by just multiplying the total SUM of the system output voltages by total SUM of the system output Amps, like this: (3.3 + 3.3 + ...
H: How can I make a simple circuit to output only after a min input voltage is exceeded? Here's my problem.... I am setting up a camera system on a motor coach that is designed to trigger separate cameras when blinkers or backup is engaged. the problem I'm having is the only accessible trigger voltage line I have goe...
H: Add a passive hardware token using a 3.5mm jack I have a box that I made for my niece, which allows her to exchange voice messages with me. It is powered by a Raspberry Pi and features two buttons, a LED, a microphone and a speaker. Now, for Christmas I want my niece to be able to exchange these voice messages wit...
H: Caseless PC - should I be concerned about incoming EMI This is a follow-up to this question. I have built a custom PC case that is essentially cardboard. Are the components likely immune to ambient EMI or do they build them under the assumption that a quality case will attenuate such signals. I am new to EE SE (tho...
H: What does fall and rise of clock mean? Im new to electronics. In fact, I'm a computer scientist looking into embedded systems. I am going through Vol. 1 of Jonathan Valvano's book on embedded systems and got stuck when i read on Gated D Latches: What does it mean when an input falls? He says that: "the last D inpu...
H: What is the State of a MOSFET with a Constant Source Current and Floating Gate? simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab Suppose we have a NMOS transistor, with and ideal current source (I_S) in its source. The drain is connected to V_DD, and the gate is just floating. It certainly cannot be cut-...
H: how to change output impedance of op amp I have made a non-inverting op-amp using lf351n with gain of 5 and i need to connect the op-amp to a device with input impedance of 50ohm.I want to know how to make the output impedance of the op-amp to be 50ohm AI: We only tend to need 'impedance matching' when dealing with...
H: Does the counter of an Atmega328 still count inside interrupt handler? When you enter the interrupt service routine of an Atmega328 that is triggered from a compare event of the TCNT and the value that is set, will the counter TCNT start counting again or rather, keep counting inside the interrupt handler or is it ...
H: Help getting the transfer function of a circuit I have been trying to get the transfer function of the circuit below for some days now and I eventually get to an expression but I don't believe I am geting the correct expression and here's why (the words "Circuito" translate directly to "circuit"): Ignore the dotted...
H: Arduino thinks I pressed a switch when I touch anything So I have found something very strange and confusing, When I touch anything even my desk my arduino thinks I connected to the input of any pin I pick. here is a video of what is happening it even does it when connected directly to a battery here is the video A...
H: Do IC step-down/buck converters generally boost voltage when the input falls below the desired output? I’m trying to select a buck convertor to regulate the output of a LiPo battery so I can use it to replace two AA batteries. Ideally I want the regulation to happen only when the battery is above 3 V. When it drops...
H: A question about UART communication Are there predefined keywords/codes that when sent from a pic to a computer running windows (UART) can elicit certain actions (like show a special pattern or open a picture on the screen) on the computer directly without requiring to program a special app to process the signals s...
H: Can an INA219 current sensor operate with a FET body diode present over the sensing pins? I'm designing a board with optional current sensing modules (based on INA219) that can be plugged into it for monitoring the current on some 12V lines that go to peripheral devices. The schematic for the main board looks like ...
H: Impedance Mismatch of LVDS Differential Pairs A mistake was made when designing a set of mother and daughter PCBs, resulting the daughter board to have its LVDS pairs at ~100Ω differential impedance, while the motherboard ~90Ω. The receiver, which is on the motherboard, is a standard LVDS receiver, with 100Ω termin...
H: Should I ground the heatsink? I am using an npn transistor in TO-220 package, and its collector is electrically connected to the metal part on it. I have checked it via a multimeter. I use a heatsink for that transistor, with isolator. So after mounting it to heatsink with isolators, it is no longor electricaly con...
H: Would this circuit work like an SR latch? Why is it better to use two NOR gates? I am very new to digital logic, and have just started to learn about feedback in circuits. The basic example of an OR gate with its output connected to one of its inputs creates a circuit that seems to behave like an SR latch without a...
H: Switched Capacitor with MOSFET I have been trying to create a simple switched capacitor for my circuit, yet I must be doing something wrong and can't understand why it won't work. When the MOSFET is ON, VGS=3.2V, whereas when it is OFF, VGS=0V. I want this 1pF capacitor to be addes to my circuit, which operates in...
H: What is this red mark that resembles a net bridge in circuit diagrams? What does the red mark on this schematic mean? I think it's not a net bridge. The corresponding image was taken from the IO board of raspberry pi compute module 3. Link to the diagram: https://www.waveshare.com/w/upload/7/75/CM3-board.pdf İmage:...
H: ESP8266 3.3V and ADAFRUIT TRINKET 5V I2C communication I try to learn I2C with this diagram as an exercise. I want to read my ESP8266 IO events from my 5V adafruit trinket. I2C MASTER ESP8266ex Operating Voltage 2.5 V ~ 3.6 V Operating Current Average value: 80 mA I2C SLAVE TRINKET 5V On-board 3.3V or 5.0V power ...
H: Switching regulator using MCUs One of the most useful ability of MCUs is generating PWM signal. For example ESP32 duty resolution can be lowered down to 1 bit in which case the maximum frequency is 40 MHz. With such fast clock speed a 200-500KHz and 10-12 bit resolution is more than enough to build a switching buck...