Contexts stringlengths 0 32.3k | Questions stringlengths 14 191 | Answers stringlengths 6 29k ⌀ |
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| How to prevent Diabetic Kidney Disease ? | People can prevent or slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease by
- taking medications to control high blood pressure - managing blood glucose levels - making changes in their eating, diet, and nutrition - losing weight if they are overweight or obese - getting regular physical activity
... |
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| What are the treatments for Diabetic Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider may treat kidney failure due to diabetic kidney disease with dialysis or a kidney transplant. In some cases, people with diabetic kidney disease receive kidney and pancreas transplants.
In most cases, people with diabetic kidney disease start dialysis earlier than people with kid... |
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| What are the treatments for Diabetic Kidney Disease ? | People with diabetes should work with their health care team to prevent or manage CKD through the following steps:
- measure A1C levelsa blood test that provides information about a persons average blood glucose levels for the previous 3 months at least twice a year and keep A1C levels below 7 percent ... |
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| What to do for Diabetic Kidney Disease ? | - Diabetic kidney disease, also called diabetic nephropathy, is kidney disease caused by diabetes. - People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. - At the onset of diabetes, blood flow into the kidneys increases, which may strain the glomeruli and lessen their ability t... |
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| What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | Your nervous system carries signals between your brain and other parts of your body through your spinal cord. Nerves are bundles of special tissues that transmit these signals.
The signals share information between your brain and body about how things feel. The signals also send information between you... |
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| What are the symptoms of Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | Nerve damage symptoms depend on which nerves have damage. Some people have no symptoms or mild symptoms. Other people have painful and long-lasting symptoms. As most nerve damage develops over many years, a person may not notice mild cases for a long time. In some people, the onset of pain may be sudden and severe. |
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| What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy, and it affects the sensory nerves of your feet, legs, hands, and arms. These areas of your body may feel
- numb - weak - cold - burning or tingling, like pins and needles
You... |
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| What are the treatments for Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | The treatment for nerve damage from diabetes is based on your symptoms. No treatment can reverse nerve damage; however, it can help you feel better. Your doctor might suggest taking low doses of medicines that both treat other health problems and help the pain of neuropathy. Some of these medicines include
... |
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| What to do for Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | You can keep your nervous system healthy by taking these steps:
- Eat healthy meals and follow the meal plan that you and your doctor or dietitian have worked out. - If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit your intake to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. Drinking... |
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| What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ? | Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C... |
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| What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ? | The large intestine is part of the GI tract, a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anusan opening through which stool leaves the body. The last part of the GI tract, called the lower GI tract, consists of the large intestinewhich includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectuma... |
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| What causes Ulcerative Colitis ? | The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe the following factors may play a role in causing ulcerative colitis:
- overactive intestinal immune system - genes - environment
Overactive intestinal immune system. Scientists believe one cause of ulcerative colit... |
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| What are the symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis ? | The most common signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis are diarrhea with blood or pus and abdominal discomfort. Other signs and symptoms include
- an urgent need to have a bowel movement - feeling tired - nausea or loss of appetite - weight loss - fever - anemiaa condition in which the body has ... |
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| How to diagnose Ulcerative Colitis ? | A health care provider diagnoses ulcerative colitis with the following:
- medical and family history - physical exam - lab tests - endoscopies of the large intestine
The health care provider may perform a series of medical tests to rule out other bowel disorders, such as irritable b... |
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| What are the treatments for Ulcerative Colitis ? | A health care provider treats ulcerative colitis with
- medications - surgery
Which treatment a person needs depends on the severity of the disease and the symptoms. Each person experiences ulcerative colitis differently, so health care providers adjust treatments to improve the perso... |
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| What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing ulcerative colitis symptoms. Good nutrition is important in the management of ulcerative colitis, however. Dietary changes can help reduce symptoms. A health care provider may recommend dietary changes such as
- avoiding... |
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| What are the complications of Ulcerative Colitis ? | Complications of ulcerative colitis can include
- rectal bleedingwhen ulcers in the intestinal lining open and bleed. Rectal bleeding can cause anemia, which health care providers can treat with diet changes and iron supplements. People who have a large amount of bleeding in the intestine over a short ... |
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| What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ? | - Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine. - The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe that factors such as an overactive intestinal immune system, genes, and e... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | A UTI is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscope. Bacteria * are the most common cause of UTIs. Normally, bacteria that enter the urinary tract are quickly removed by the body before they cause symptoms. But sometimes bacteria overcome the ... |
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| What causes What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel, the part of the digestive tract where stool is changed from liquid to solid. The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes most UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act like one-way... |
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| Who is at risk for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection? ? | Any child can get a UTI, though girls get UTIs more often than boys.
Children with a condition called vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are at higher risk for UTIs. VUR causes urine to reflux at the point where one or both ureters attach to the bladder. When urine stays in the urinary tract, bacteria have a ... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | A child with a UTI may not have any symptoms. When symptoms are present, they can range from mild to severe. UTI symptoms can include
- fever - pain or burning during urination with only a few drops of urine at a time - irritability - not eating - nausea - diarrhea - vomiting - cloudy, dark, blo... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | A UTI is diagnosed by testing a sample of your childs urine. The way the urine is collected depends on your childs age:
The health care provider looks at the urine sample with a microscope to check for bacteria or pus. The sample is also sent to a lab. The lab performs a urine culture by placing the sa... |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | Bacteria-fighting medicines called antibiotics are used to treat a UTI. While the lab is doing the urine culture, the health care provider may begin treatment with an antibiotic that treats the bacteria most likely to be causing the infection. Once culture results are known, the health care provider may switch your chi... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | Talk with your childs health care provider after your childs UTI is gone. The health care provider may want to do more tests to check for VUR or a blockage in the urinary tract. Repeated infections in an abnormal urinary tract may cause kidney damage. The kinds of tests ordered will depend on the child and the type of ... |
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| How to prevent What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | You can take the following steps to help prevent your child from getting a UTI:
- Teach your child not to hold in urine and to go to the bathroom whenever your child feels the urge. - Teach your child how to properly clean himself or herself after using the bathroom to keep bacteria from entering the ... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | To help prevent a UTI, make sure your child drinks enough fluids each day. Talk with your childs health care provider to find out how much fluid your child should drink. |
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| What to do for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ? | - A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscope. - Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel, the part of the digestive tract where stool is changed from liquid to solid. - Any child can get a UT... |
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| What is (are) Mntriers Disease ? | Mntriers disease causes the ridges along the inside of the stomach wallcalled rugaeto enlarge, forming giant folds in the stomach lining. The rugae enlarge because of an overgrowth of mucous cells in the stomach wall.
In a normal stomach, mucous cells in the rugae release protein-containing mucus. The ... |
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| What causes Mntriers Disease ? | Scientists are unsure about what causes Mntriers disease; however, researchers think that most people acquire, rather than inherit, the disease. In extremely rare cases, siblings have developed Mntriers disease as children, suggesting a genetic link.
Studies suggest that people with Mntriers disease ha... |
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| Who is at risk for Mntriers Disease? ? | Mntriers disease is rare. The disease is more common in men than in women. The average age at diagnosis is 55.2 |
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| What are the symptoms of Mntriers Disease ? | The most common symptom of Mntriers disease is pain in the upper middle part of the abdomen. The abdomen is the area between the chest and hips.
Other signs and symptoms of Mntriers disease may include
- nausea and frequent vomiting - diarrhea - loss of appetite - extreme weight los... |
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| How to diagnose Mntriers Disease ? | Health care providers base the diagnosis of Mntriers disease on a combination of symptoms, lab findings, findings on upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, and stomach biopsy results. A health care provider will begin the diagnosis of Mntriers disease by taking a patients medical and family history and performing a phy... |
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| What are the treatments for Mntriers Disease ? | Treatment may include medications, IV protein, blood transfusions, and surgery.
Medications
Health care providers may prescribe the anticancer medication cetuximab (Erbitux) to treat Mntriers disease. Studies have shown that cetuximab blocks the activity of epidermal growth factor rece... |
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| What to do for Mntriers Disease ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing Mntriers disease. In some cases, a health care provider may prescribe a high-protein diet to offset the loss of protein due to Mntriers disease. Some people with severe malnutrition may require IV nutrition, which is called... |
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| What to do for Mntriers Disease ? | - Mntriers disease causes the ridges along the inside of the stomach wallcalled rugaeto enlarge, forming giant folds in the stomach lining. The rugae enlarge because of an overgrowth of mucous cells in the stomach wall. - Scientists are unsure about what causes Mntriers disease; however, researchers think that most pe... |
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| What is (are) Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | PSC is a disease that damages and blocks bile ducts inside and outside the liver. Bile is a liquid made in the liver. Bile ducts are tubes that carry bile out of the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. In the intestine, bile helps break down fat in food.
In PSC, inflammation of the bile ducts... |
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| What causes Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | The causes of PSC are not known. Genes, immune system problems, bacteria, and viruses may play roles in the development of the disease.
PSC is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). About three out of four people with PSC have a type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. The link between PSC and IBD i... |
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| Who is at risk for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis? ? | Most people with PSC are adults but the disease also occurs in children. The average age at diagnosis is 40. PSC is more common in men than women. Having family members with PSC may increase a person's risk for developing PSC. |
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| What are the symptoms of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | The main symptoms of PSC are itching, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes. An infection in the bile ducts can cause chills and fever. PSC progresses slowly, so a person can have the disease for years before symptoms develop. |
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| What are the complications of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | PSC can lead to various complications, including
- deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K - infections of the bile ducts - cirrhosisextensive scarring of the liver - liver failure - bile duct cancer |
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| How to diagnose Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | Blood tests to check levels of liver enzymes are the first step in diagnosing PSC. Doctors confirm the diagnosis using cholangiography, which provides pictures of the bile ducts.
Cholangiography can be performed in the following ways:
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (... |
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| What are the treatments for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | Although researchers have studied many treatments, none has been shown to cure or slow the progress of PSC. Treatment of PSC aims to relieve symptoms and manage complications. Medical treatment may include various medications to relieve itching, antibiotics to treat infections, and vitamin supplements. Instruments pass... |
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| What to do for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | - Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) inflames, scars, and blocks bile ducts inside and outside the liver. - When bile ducts become blocked, bile builds up in the liver and damages liver cells. - PSC can lead to vitamin deficiencies, infections, bile duct cancer, cirrhosis, liver failure, and the need for a liver tr... |
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| What is (are) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare disorder that occurs when one or more tumors form in the pancreas and duodenum. The tumors, called gastrinomas, release large amounts of gastrin that cause the stomach to produce large amounts of acid. Normally, the body releases small amounts of gastrin after eating, which triggers... |
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| What is (are) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | The stomach, duodenum, and pancreas are digestive organs that break down food and liquid.
- The stomach stores swallowed food and liquid. The muscle action of the lower part of the stomach mixes the food and liquid with digestive juice. Partially digested food and liquid slowly move into the duodenum a... |
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| What causes Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Experts do not know the exact cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. About 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas are caused by an inherited genetic disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).1 MEN1 causes hormone-releasing tumors in the endocrine glands and the duodenum. Symptoms of MEN1 include increased hormo... |
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| How many people are affected by Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is rare and only occurs in about one in every 1 million people.1 Although anyone can get Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the disease is more common among men 30 to 50 years old. A child who has a parent with MEN1 is also at increased risk for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.2 |
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| What are the symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome signs and symptoms are similar to those of peptic ulcers. A dull or burning pain felt anywhere between the navel and midchest is the most common symptom of a peptic ulcer. This discomfort usually
- occurs when the stomach is emptybetween meals or during the nightand may be br... |
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| What are the symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | A person who has any of the following emergency symptoms should call or see a health care provider right away:
- chest pain - sharp, sudden, persistent, and severe stomach pain - red blood in stool or black stools - red blood in vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds
These sy... |
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| How to diagnose Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | A health care provider diagnoses Zollinger-Ellison syndrome based on the following:
- medical history - physical exam - signs and symptoms - blood tests - upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy - imaging tests to look for gastrinomas - measurement of stomach acid
Medical History
... |
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| What are the treatments for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | A health care provider treats Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with medications to reduce gastric acid secretion and with surgery to remove gastrinomas. A health care provider sometimes uses chemotherapymedications to shrink tumorswhen tumors are too widespread to remove with surgery.
Medications
... |
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| What to do for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. |
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| What to do for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ? | - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare disorder that occurs when one or more tumors form in the pancreas and duodenum. - Experts do not know the exact cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. - About 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas are caused by an inherited genetic disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (ME... |
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| What is (are) Smoking and the Digestive System ? | The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal (GI) tractalso called the digestive tractand the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, ... |
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| Who is at risk for Smoking and the Digestive System? ? | Smoking has been found to increase the risk of cancers of the3
- mouth - esophagus - stomach - pancreas
3
,
4
,
5
- liver - colon - rectum
More information about the link between ... |
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| What is (are) Smoking and the Digestive System ? | Smoking contributes to many common disorders of the digestive system, such as heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and some liver diseases. Smoking increases the risk of Crohns disease, colon polyps, and pancreatitis, and it may increase the risk of gallstones. |
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| What to do for Smoking and the Digestive System ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition can play a role in causing, preventing, and treating some of the diseases and disorders of the digestive system that are affected by smoking, including heartburn and GERD, liver diseases, Crohns disease, colon polyps, pancreatitis, and gallstones. More information about eating, diet, and nut... |
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| What to do for Smoking and the Digestive System ? | - Smoking has been found to increase the risk of cancers of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. Research suggests that smoking may also increase the risk of cancers of the liver, colon, and rectum. - Smoking increases the risk of heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). - Smoking increases the r... |
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| What is (are) Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Simple kidney cysts are abnormal, fluid-filled sacs that form in the kidneys. Simple kidney cysts are different from the cysts that develop when a person has polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic disorder. Simple kidney cysts do not enlarge the kidneys, replace their normal structure, or cause reduced kid... |
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| What is (are) Simple Kidney Cysts ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys process about 200 quarts of blood to filter out about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of waste products and extra water... |
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| What causes Simple Kidney Cysts ? | The cause of simple kidney cysts is not fully understood. Obstruction of tubulestiny structures within the kidneys that collect urineor deficiency of blood supply to the kidneys may play a role. Diverticulasacs that form on the tubulesmay detach and become simple kidney cysts. The role of genetic factors in the develop... |
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| What are the symptoms of Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Simple kidney cysts usually do not cause symptoms or harm the kidneys. In some cases, however, pain can occur between the ribs and hips when cysts enlarge and press on other organs. Sometimes cysts become infected, causing fever, pain, and tenderness. Simple kidney cysts are not thought to affect kidney function, but o... |
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| How to diagnose Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Most simple kidney cysts are found during imaging tests done for other reasons. When a cyst is found, the following imaging tests can be used to determine whether it is a simple kidney cyst or another, more serious condition. These imaging tests are performed at an outpatient center or hospital by a specially trained t... |
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| What are the treatments for Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Treatment is not needed for simple kidney cysts that do not cause any symptoms. Simple kidney cysts may be monitored with periodic ultrasounds.
Simple kidney cysts that are causing symptoms or blocking the flow of blood or urine through the kidney may need to be treated using a procedure called sclerot... |
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| What to do for Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing simple kidney cysts. |
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| What to do for Simple Kidney Cysts ? | - Simple kidney cysts are abnormal, fluid-filled sacs that form in the kidneys. - Simple kidney cysts usually do not cause symptoms or harm the kidneys. - Most simple kidney cysts are found during imaging tests done for other reasons. - Treatment is not needed for simple kidney cysts that do not cause any symptoms. ... |
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| What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | Amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when amyloid proteins are deposited in tissues and organs. Amyloid proteins are abnormal proteins that the body cannot break down and recycle, as it does with normal proteins. When amyloid proteins clump together, they form amyloid deposits. The buildup of these deposits damage... |
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| What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. The urine flows from the kidneys... |
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| What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | Primary amyloidosis and dialysis-related amyloidosis are the types of amyloidosis that can affect the kidneys.
Primary Amyloidosis of the Kidneys
The kidneys are the organs most commonly affected by primary amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits damage the kidneys and make it harder for them to... |
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| What are the symptoms of Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | The most common sign of primary amyloidosis of the kidneys is nephrotic syndromea collection of signs that indicate kidney damage. The signs of nephrotic syndrome include
- albuminuriaan increased amount of albumin, a protein, in the urine. A person with nephrotic syndrome excretes more than half a tea... |
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| What are the symptoms of Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | The symptoms of dialysis-related amyloidosis may include
- pain, stiffness, and fluid in the joints. - abnormal, fluid-containing sacs, called cysts, in some bones. - carpal tunnel syndrome, caused by unusual buildup of amyloid proteins in the wrists. The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include nu... |
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| How to diagnose Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses primary amyloidosis of the kidneys with
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - urinalysis - blood tests - a kidney biopsy
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history may help a health care provider dia... |
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| How to diagnose Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses dialysis-related amyloidosis with
- urinalysis - blood tests - imaging tests
A health care provider can use urinalysis and blood tests to detect the amount of amyloid proteins in urine and blood. Imaging tests, such as x-rays and CT scans, can provide... |
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| What are the treatments for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider treats primary amyloidosis of the kidneys with the following:
- medication therapy, including chemotherapy - a stem cell transplant - treating other conditions
Medication therapy. The goal of medication therapy, including chemotherapy, is to reduce amyloid prot... |
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| What are the treatments for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider treats dialysis-related amyloidosis with
- medication therapy - newer, more effective hemodialysis filters - surgery - a kidney transplant
The goal of medication therapy and the use of newer, more effective hemodialysis filters is to reduce amyloid protein lev... |
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| What to do for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing primary amyloidosis of the kidneys or dialysis-related amyloidosis. People with nephrotic syndrome may make dietary changes such as
- limiting dietary sodium, often from salt, to help reduce edema and lower... |
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| What to do for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | - Amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when amyloid proteins are deposited in tissues and organs. - Primary amyloidosis and dialysis-related amyloidosis are the types of amyloidosis that can affect the kidneys. - The most common sign of primary amyloidosis of the kidneys is nephrotic syndrome. - The signs of ne... |
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| What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ? | You and your doctor will work together to choose a treatment that's best for you. The publications of the NIDDK Kidney Failure Series can help you learn about the specific issues you will face.
Booklets
- What I need to know about Kidney Failure and How its Treated - Treatment Methods... |
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| What is (are) Hyperthyroidism ? | Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs. Hyperthyroidism is sometimes called thyrotoxicosis, the technical term for too much thyroid hormone in the blood. Thyroid hormones circulate throughout the body in the bloodstream and act on virtually every ... |
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| What is (are) Hyperthyroidism ? | The thyroid is a 2-inch-long, butterfly-shaped gland weighing less than 1 ounce. Located in the front of the neck below the larynx, or voice box, it has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid is one of the glands that make up the endocrine system. The glands of the endocrine system produce, store, and... |
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| What causes Hyperthyroidism ? | Hyperthyroidism has several causes, including
- Graves disease - thyroid nodules - thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid - consuming too much iodine - overmedicating with synthetic thyroid hormone, which is used to treat underactive thyroid
Rarely, hyperthyroidism is caused b... |
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| What are the symptoms of Hyperthyroidism ? | Hyperthyroidism has many symptoms that can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are
- nervousness or irritability - fatigue or muscle weakness - heat intolerance - trouble sleeping - hand tremors - rapid and irregular heartbeat - frequent bowel movements or diarrhea... |
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| How to diagnose Hyperthyroidism ? | Many symptoms of hyperthyroidism are the same as those of other diseases, so hyperthyroidism usually cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. With suspected hyperthyroidism, health care providers take a medical history and perform a thorough physical exam. Health care providers may then use several blood tests, suc... |
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| What are the treatments for Hyperthyroidism ? | Health care providers treat hyperthyroidism with medications, radioiodine therapy, or thyroid surgery. The aim of treatment is to bring thyroid hormone levels to a normal state, thus preventing long-term complications, and to relieve uncomfortable symptoms. No single treatment works for everyone.
Treat... |
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| What to do for Hyperthyroidism ? | Experts recommend that people eat a balanced diet to obtain most nutrients. More information about diet and nutrition is provided by the National Agricultural Library at www.nutrition.gov.
Dietary Supplements
Iodine is an essential mineral for the thyroid. However, people with autoimmu... |
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| What to do for Hyperthyroidism ? | - Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs. - Hyperthyroidism is most often caused by Graves disease, an autoimmune disorder. Other causes include thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, consuming too much iodine, and overmedicating with synthetic thyroid ho... |
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| What is (are) Porphyria ? | Porphyrias are rare disorders that affect mainly the skin or nervous system and may cause abdominal pain. These disorders are usually inherited, meaning they are caused by abnormalities in genes passed from parents to children. When a person has a porphyria, cells fail to change body chemicals called porphyrins and por... |
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| What is (are) Porphyria ? | Heme is a red pigment composed of iron linked to a chemical called protoporphyrin. Heme has important functions in the body. The largest amounts of heme are in the form of hemoglobin, found in red blood cells and bone marrow. Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. In the liver, heme is a com... |
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| What is (are) Porphyria ? | Each of the eight types of porphyria corresponds to low levels of a specific enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Experts often classify porphyrias as acute or cutaneous based on the symptoms a person experiences:
- Acute porphyrias affect the nervous system. They occur rapidly and last only a shor... |
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| How many people are affected by Porphyria ? | The exact rates of porphyria are unknown and vary around the world. For example, porphyria cutanea tarda is most common in the United States, and variegate porphyria is most common in South America.1 |
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| What causes Porphyria ? | Most porphyrias are inherited disorders. Scientists have identified genes for all eight enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Most porphyrias result from inheriting an abnormal gene, also called a gene mutation, from one parent. Some porphyrias, such as congenital erythropoietic porphyria, hepatoerythropoietic porp... |
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| What are the symptoms of Porphyria ? | Some people with porphyria-causing gene mutations have latent porphyria, meaning they have no symptoms of the disorder. Symptoms of cutaneous porphyrias include
- oversensitivity to sunlight - blisters on exposed areas of the skin - itching and swelling on exposed areas of the skin
S... |
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| How to diagnose Porphyria ? | A health care provider diagnoses porphyria with blood, urine, and stool tests. These tests take place at a health care providers office or a commercial facility. A blood test involves drawing blood and sending the sample to a lab for analysis. For urine and stool tests, the patient collects a sample of urine or stool i... |
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| What are the treatments for Porphyria ? | Treatment for porphyria depends on the type of porphyria the person has and the severity of the symptoms.
Acute Porphyrias
A health care provider treats acute porphyrias with heme or glucose loading to decrease the livers production of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors. A patient rec... |
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| What to do for Porphyria ? | People with an acute porphyria should eat a diet with an average-to-high level of carbohydrates. The recommended dietary allowance for carbohydrates is 130 g per day for adults and children 1 year of age or older; pregnant and breastfeeding women need higher intakes.2 People should avoid limiting intake of carbohydrate... |
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| What to do for Porphyria ? | - Porphyrias are rare disorders that affect mainly the skin or nervous system and may cause abdominal pain. - Each of the eight types of porphyria corresponds to low levels of a specific enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. - The exact rates of porphyria are unknown and vary around the world. For example, porphyr... |
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| What is (are) Alagille Syndrome ? | Alagille syndrome is a genetic condition that results in various symptoms in different parts of the body, including the liver. A person with Alagille syndrome has fewer than the normal number of small bile ducts inside the liver. The liver is the organ in the abdomenthe area between the chest and hipsthat makes blood p... |
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| What is (are) Alagille Syndrome ? | The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal (GI) tractalso called the digestive tractand the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, ... |
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| What causes Alagille Syndrome ? | Alagille syndrome is caused by a gene mutation, or defect. Genes provide instructions for making proteins in the body. A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the material inside cells that carries genetic information and passes genes from parent... |
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