question stringlengths 53 1.72k | reasoning stringlengths 1.06k 4.39k | source stringclasses 1
value | metadata stringlengths 1.38k 11.6k | response stringlengths 2 8.84k | text stringlengths 1.43k 11.6k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A 72-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) comes to the physician with a 2-day history of severe fatigue and dyspnea. He regularly visits his primary care physician and has not required any treatment for his underlying disease. His temperature is 36.7°C (98.1°F), pulse is 105/min, respiratory rate is 22/... | ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. Macrocytic hemolytic disease → Hemolytic anemia → Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
2. Decreased hemoglobin concentration → Hemolytic anemia → Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
3. Increased total bilirubin → Hemolytic anemia → Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
4. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) → Au... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medqa', 'id_in_dataset': 6086, 'question': 'A 72-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) comes to the physician with a 2-day history of severe fatigue and dyspnea. He regularly visits his primary care physician and has not required any treatment for his underlying disease. His temperature... | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
A 72-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) comes to the physician with a 2-day history of severe fatigue and dyspnea. He regularly visits his primary care physician and has not required any ... |
Is p.R4810K , a polymorphism of RNF213 , the susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease , associated with blood pressure?
Answer Choices:
A. Yes
B. No
| Finding reasoning paths:
1. RNF213 -> Genetic predisposition -> Moyamoya disease -> Vascular abnormalities -> Potential impact on blood pressure regulation
2. RNF213 -> Genetic influence on vascular function -> Altered blood flow dynamics -> Possible association with blood pressure changes
3. RNF213 -> Association wit... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'pubmedqa_artificial', 'id_in_dataset': 10243, 'question': 'Is p.R4810K , a polymorphism of RNF213 , the susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease , associated with blood pressure?', 'answer': 'The final decision is: yes. Our study suggests that p.R4810K of RNF213 is associated strongly with systolic BP... | The final decision is: yes. Our study suggests that p.R4810K of RNF213 is associated strongly with systolic BP. | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Is p.R4810K , a polymorphism of RNF213 , the susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease , associated with blood pressure?
Answer Choices:
A. Yes
B. No
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<think>
Finding reasoni... |
Does linc00152 promote proliferation in gastric cancer through the EGFR-dependent pathway?
Answer Choices:
A. Yes
B. No
| ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Cell population proliferation → AKT1 → EGFR → PI3K/AKT signaling in cancer.**
2. **Cell population proliferation → EGFR → PI3K/AKT signaling in cancer.**
3. **Gastric cancer → EGFR → PI3K/AKT signaling in cancer.**
4. **EGFR → Constitutive signaling by aberrant PI3K in cancer → P... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'pubmedqa_artificial', 'id_in_dataset': 3080, 'question': 'Does linc00152 promote proliferation in gastric cancer through the EGFR-dependent pathway?', 'answer': 'The final decision is: yes. We first found that Linc00152 could promote tumor growth through EGFR-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway which may serve ... | The final decision is: yes. We first found that Linc00152 could promote tumor growth through EGFR-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway which may serve as potential targets for therapy in the future. | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Does linc00152 promote proliferation in gastric cancer through the EGFR-dependent pathway?
Answer Choices:
A. Yes
B. No
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<think>
### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Cell popul... |
All of the following are causes of vasogenic type of cerebral edema except
Answer Choices:
A. Tumours
B. Trauma
C. Infections
D. Hydrocephalus
| Finding reasoning paths:
1. Vasogenic edema is caused by the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, allowing proteins and fluid to enter the brain parenchyma.
2. Hydrocephalus involves the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, which can be due to blockages or other factors.
3. Consider the relationshi... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medmcqa', 'id_in_dataset': 8349, 'question': 'All of the following are causes of vasogenic type of cerebral edema except', 'answer': "Hydrocephalus. Explanation: Vasogenic edema occurs due to a breakdown of the tight endothelial junctions that make up the blood-brain barrier. This allows intravascular... | Hydrocephalus. Explanation: Vasogenic edema occurs due to a breakdown of the tight endothelial junctions that make up the blood-brain barrier. This allows intravascular proteins and fluid to penetrate into the parenchymal extracellular space. Some premature babies have bleeding in the brain, which can block the flow of... | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
All of the following are causes of vasogenic type of cerebral edema except
Answer Choices:
A. Tumours
B. Trauma
C. Infections
D. Hydrocephalus
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<think>
Finding reasoning pat... |
Budding reproduction in tissue is seen in
Answer Choices:
A. Cryptococcus, candida
B. Candida, rhizopus
C. Rhizopus, mucor
D. Histoplasma, candida
| ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Path 1**: Cryptococcus and Candida are fungi that reproduce by cell budding. Cryptococcus is a yeast, and Candida is a yeast-like fungus. Both are associated with diseases (cryptococcosis and candidiasis, respectively).
2. **Path 2**: Histoplasma is a dimorphic fungus and does not repr... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medmcqa', 'id_in_dataset': 214, 'question': 'Budding reproduction in tissue is seen in', 'answer': 'Cryptococcus, candida. Explanation: Cryptococcus is a yeast, candida is a yeast-like fungus. Both are reproduced by budding Histoplasma is a dimorphic fungus Mucor and Rhizopus are produced by asexual m... | Cryptococcus, candida. Explanation: Cryptococcus is a yeast, candida is a yeast-like fungus. Both are reproduced by budding Histoplasma is a dimorphic fungus Mucor and Rhizopus are produced by asexual means sporangiospores Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Baveja; 4th edition | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Budding reproduction in tissue is seen in
Answer Choices:
A. Cryptococcus, candida
B. Candida, rhizopus
C. Rhizopus, mucor
D. Histoplasma, candida
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<think>
### Finding Reaso... |
A 49-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain. Abdominal examination shows mild, diffuse tenderness throughout the lower quadrants. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 180/mm3 (normal ≥ 500/mm3). Colonoscopy shows multiple hemorrhagic nodules in th... | ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain in an HIV-positive patient with a low CD4+ count**: Consider opportunistic infections or malignancies commonly associated with immunosuppression, such as Kaposi sarcoma, CMV colitis, or other gastrointestinal infections (e.g., cryptosporidiosis,... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medqa', 'id_in_dataset': 5779, 'question': 'A 49-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain. Abdominal examination shows mild, diffuse tenderness throughout the lower quadrants. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 180/mm3 (normal ≥ ... | Spindle-shaped cells with leukocytic infiltration | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
A 49-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain. Abdominal examination shows mild, diffuse tenderness throughout the lower quadran... |
Given an estimated mean hemoglobin (Hb) level of 10 g% for a sample of 100 women, with a standard deviation of 1 g%, what is the standard error of the mean for this sample?
| ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Path 1**: Use the formula for the standard error of the mean (SEM), which is calculated as the standard deviation (SD) divided by the square root of the sample size (n).
2. **Path 2**: Consider whether the sample size and standard deviation provided are sufficient to calculate SEM dire... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'huatuo', 'id_in_dataset': 2051, 'question': 'Given an estimated mean hemoglobin (Hb) level of 10 g% for a sample of 100 women, with a standard deviation of 1 g%, what is the standard error of the mean for this sample?', 'answer': 'The standard error of the mean (SEM) for this sample is 0.1 g%.', 'reas... | The standard error of the mean (SEM) for this sample is 0.1 g%. | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Given an estimated mean hemoglobin (Hb) level of 10 g% for a sample of 100 women, with a standard deviation of 1 g%, what is the standard error of the mean for this sample?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistan... |
A 69-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for severe tearing lower back pain for 12 hours. The pain radiates to the flank and he describes it as 8 out of 10 in intensity. He has nausea and has vomited several times. He has no fever, diarrhea, or urinary symptoms. When he stands up suddenly, he becomes li... | ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Smoking**: The patient has a significant smoking history (1.5 packs/day for 40 years), which is a well-established risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) due to its role in vascular damage, inflammation, and weakening of the aortic wall.
2. **Hypertension**: Chronic hypertensi... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medqa', 'id_in_dataset': 2094, 'question': "A 69-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for severe tearing lower back pain for 12 hours. The pain radiates to the flank and he describes it as 8 out of 10 in intensity. He has nausea and has vomited several times. He has no fever, diarrhea, ... | Smoking | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
A 69-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for severe tearing lower back pain for 12 hours. The pain radiates to the flank and he describes it as 8 out of 10 in intensity. He has nausea and h... |
A 34-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by fire and rescue after an apparent suicide attempt. She reports ingesting several pills 6 hours prior to presentation but cannot recall what they were. No pills were found on the scene. She complains of severe malaise, ringing in her ears, and anxiety. Her pa... | ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Tinnitus and anxiety symptoms**: These symptoms are consistent with salicylate (aspirin) toxicity, which can cause metabolic and respiratory disturbances.
2. **Arterial blood gas (ABG) findings**: The patient has a pH of 7.48 (alkalosis), PaCO2 of 32 mmHg (low), and HCO3- of 23 mEq/L (... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medqa', 'id_in_dataset': 7192, 'question': 'A 34-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by fire and rescue after an apparent suicide attempt. She reports ingesting several pills 6 hours prior to presentation but cannot recall what they were. No pills were found on the scene. She complai... | Sodium bicarbonate | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
A 34-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by fire and rescue after an apparent suicide attempt. She reports ingesting several pills 6 hours prior to presentation but cannot recall what the... |
A 7-year-old Caucasian girl with asthma presents to her pediatrician with recurrent sinusitis. The patient’s mother states that her asthma seems to be getting worse and notes that ‘lung problems run in the family’. The patient has had 2 episodes of pneumonia in the last year and continues to frequently have a cough. He... | ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Asthma -> Family history of lung problems -> Cystic fibrosis**
2. **Recurrent sinusitis -> Chronic sinusitis -> Cystic fibrosis**
3. **Recurrent pneumonia -> Family history of cystic fibrosis -> Cystic fibrosis**
4. **Clubbing of fingers -> Chronic hypoxia -> Cystic fibrosis**
... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medqa', 'id_in_dataset': 7219, 'question': 'A 7-year-old Caucasian girl with asthma presents to her pediatrician with recurrent sinusitis. The patient’s mother states that her asthma seems to be getting worse and notes that ‘lung problems run in the family’. The patient has had 2 episodes of pneumonia... | A nasal transepithelial potential difference | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
A 7-year-old Caucasian girl with asthma presents to her pediatrician with recurrent sinusitis. The patient’s mother states that her asthma seems to be getting worse and notes that ‘lung problems run in the... |
A 27-year-old healthy college student presents to the clinic with her boyfriend complaining of a productive cough with rust-colored sputum associated with breathlessness for the past week. She also reports symptoms of the common cold which began about 1 week ago. She reports that her weekly routine has not changed desp... | ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Productive cough with rust-colored sputum** → Suggests possible bacterial pneumonia (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae).
2. **Dyspnea (breathlessness)** → Could indicate impaired lung function or infection.
3. **Inspiratory crackles** → Often associated with pneumonia or other lung pathol... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medqa', 'id_in_dataset': 4465, 'question': 'A 27-year-old healthy college student presents to the clinic with her boyfriend complaining of a productive cough with rust-colored sputum associated with breathlessness for the past week. She also reports symptoms of the common cold which began about 1 week... | Anthracyclines | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
A 27-year-old healthy college student presents to the clinic with her boyfriend complaining of a productive cough with rust-colored sputum associated with breathlessness for the past week. She also reports... |
Does insulin resistance drive the association between hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk?
Answer Choices:
A. Yes
B. No
| ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Hyperglycemia → Insulin resistance → Cardiovascular disease**
2. **Hyperglycemia → Insulin-resistance syndrome**
3. **Glucose metabolic process → Insulin resistance → Insulin-resistance syndrome**
4. **Type 2 diabetes mellitus → Insulin resistance → Insulin-resistance syndrome** ... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'pubmedqa', 'id_in_dataset': 183, 'question': 'Does insulin resistance drive the association between hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk?', 'answer': 'The final decision is: yes. The association between plasma glucose levels and CVD risk is mainly explained by insulin resistance, which raises the que... | The final decision is: yes. The association between plasma glucose levels and CVD risk is mainly explained by insulin resistance, which raises the question of whether glucose lowering per se without changes in the processes that underlie hyperglycemia should be the sole clinical paradigm in the treatment of type 2 diab... | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Does insulin resistance drive the association between hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk?
Answer Choices:
A. Yes
B. No
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<think>
### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Hypergly... |
A 39-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after her husband found her unconscious on the living room floor. She does not report having experienced light-headedness, nausea, sweating, or visual disturbance before losing consciousness. Three weeks ago, she was diagnosed with open-angle glaucom... | Finding reasoning paths:
1. Open-angle glaucoma treatment options.
2. Sinus bradycardia and its potential causes.
3. Common side effects of antiglaucoma medications.
4. Relationship between antiglaucoma medications and cardiovascular effects.
Reasoning Process:
1. **Open-angle glaucoma treatment options**: Open-angle ... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medqa', 'id_in_dataset': 7930, 'question': 'A 39-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after her husband found her unconscious on the living room floor. She does not report having experienced light-headedness, nausea, sweating, or visual disturbance before losing consciousne... | Timolol | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
A 39-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after her husband found her unconscious on the living room floor. She does not report having experienced light-headedness, nausea, swea... |
What is the drug of choice for the treatment of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH)?
| ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. SIADH involves excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion, leading to water retention and hyponatremia. Treatment should focus on promoting water excretion and maintaining electrolyte balance.
2. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin receptor antagonist, binds to V2 receptors in the kidney, promo... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'huatuo', 'id_in_dataset': 3129, 'question': 'What is the drug of choice for the treatment of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH)?', 'answer': "The drug of choice for the treatment of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH), particularly when fluid ... | The drug of choice for the treatment of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH), particularly when fluid restriction isn't sufficient, is often a vasopressin receptor antagonist, such as tolvaptan. These medications directly counter the effects of excess antidiuretic hormone by blocking the vas... | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
What is the drug of choice for the treatment of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH)?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<think>
### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. SIADH involves ex... |
Inhalation of fungal spores can cause primary lung infections. Of the following organisms, which one is most likely to be associated with this mode of transmission?
Answer Choices:
A. C. immitis
B. S. schenckii
C. C. albicans
D. T. tonsurans
| ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Inhalation of fungal spores** → **Dimorphic fungi** → **C. immitis** → **Fungal lung infectious disease**.
2. **Fungal infections** → **Mode of transmission** → **Inhalation** → **C. immitis** → **Primary lung infections**.
3. **Fungal pathogens** → **Normal flora vs. environmental fun... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medmcqa', 'id_in_dataset': 423, 'question': 'Inhalation of fungal spores can cause primary lung infections. Of the following organisms, which one is most likely to be associated with this mode of transmission?', 'answer': "C. immitis. Explanation: C. albicans and Candida tropicalis are opportunistic f... | C. immitis. Explanation: C. albicans and Candida tropicalis are opportunistic fungi, and as part of the normal flora are not transmitted by inhalation. C. immitis is a dimorphic fungus and inhalation of the spores transmits the infection. Sprothrix is also a dimorphic fungus but its portal of entry is cutaneous. Trycho... | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Inhalation of fungal spores can cause primary lung infections. Of the following organisms, which one is most likely to be associated with this mode of transmission?
Answer Choices:
A. C. immitis
B. S. sche... |
Does half-molar sodium-lactate solution have a beneficial effect in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting?
Answer Choices:
A. Yes
B. No
| ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. **Regulation of body fluid levels** → Body fluid secretion → Impact on fluid balance → Changes in cardiac output → Changes in cardiac index.
2. **Regulation of body fluid levels** → Body fluid secretion → Reduced edema → Improved fluid regulation → Improved cardiac function → Increased c... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'pubmedqa_artificial', 'id_in_dataset': 3532, 'question': 'Does half-molar sodium-lactate solution have a beneficial effect in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting?', 'answer': "The final decision is: yes. Half-molar lactate solution is effective for fluid resuscitation in post-CABG patients.... | The final decision is: yes. Half-molar lactate solution is effective for fluid resuscitation in post-CABG patients. Compared to Ringer's Lactate, its use results in a significantly higher cardiac index with less volume being infused, resulting in a very negative post-operative body fluid balance. | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Does half-molar sodium-lactate solution have a beneficial effect in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting?
Answer Choices:
A. Yes
B. No
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<think>
### Finding Reasoni... |
Columella effect is seen in
Answer Choices:
A. Tympanoplasty
B. Septoplasty
C. Tracheostomy
D. None of the above
| ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. The ear contains ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) that are skeletal elements derived from endochondral ossification.
2. In type 3 tympanoplasty, the malleus and incus are absent, leaving the stapes as the only remaining ossicle.
3. The graft is placed directly on the stapes bone, which ... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medmcqa', 'id_in_dataset': 2938, 'question': 'Columella effect is seen in', 'answer': 'Tympanoplasty. Explanation: Columella effect is seen in type 3 tympanoplasty (myringostapediopexy) where single ossicle remains just like that of bird&;s ear. In Type III tympanoplasty Malleus and incus are absent. ... | Tympanoplasty. Explanation: Columella effect is seen in type 3 tympanoplasty (myringostapediopexy) where single ossicle remains just like that of bird&;s ear. In Type III tympanoplasty Malleus and incus are absent. Graft is placed directly on the stapes head. It is also called myringostapediopexy or columella tympanopl... | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Columella effect is seen in
Answer Choices:
A. Tympanoplasty
B. Septoplasty
C. Tracheostomy
D. None of the above
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<think>
### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. The ear contains os... |
Trantas spots are seen in –
Answer Choices:
A. Vernal conjunctivitis
B. Eczematous conjunctivitis
C. Ophthalmia nodosa
D. Tularemia
| ### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. Tranta's spots are discrete white raised dots along the limbus, which is part of the conjunctiva and cornea. They are composed of degenerated eosinophils, suggesting an allergic or inflammatory process.
2. Vernal conjunctivitis is a chronic allergic condition often associated with eosino... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medmcqa', 'id_in_dataset': 2799, 'question': 'Trantas spots are seen in –', 'answer': "Vernal conjunctivitis. Explanation: Tranta's spots (Horner tranta's spots) are discrete white raised dots along the limbus and are composed of degenerated eosinophils.", 'reasoning': "### Finding Reasoning Paths:\n1... | Vernal conjunctivitis. Explanation: Tranta's spots (Horner tranta's spots) are discrete white raised dots along the limbus and are composed of degenerated eosinophils. | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Trantas spots are seen in –
Answer Choices:
A. Vernal conjunctivitis
B. Eczematous conjunctivitis
C. Ophthalmia nodosa
D. Tularemia
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
<think>
### Finding Reasoning Paths:
1. ... |
A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a motor vehicle accident. He was an unrestrained passenger who was ejected from the vehicle. On presentation, he is found to be actively bleeding from numerous wounds. His blood pressure is 76/42 mmHg and pulse is 152/min. Attempts at resuscita... | **Finding reasoning paths:**
1. Blood loss leading to hypovolemic shock -> decreased perfusion to kidneys -> ischemic injury to proximal convoluted tubule cells.
2. Ischemia in kidneys -> decreased ATP production -> impaired sodium-potassium ATPase function in proximal convoluted tubule cells.
3. Cellular swelling in ... | UCSC-VLAA/MedReason | {'dataset_name': 'medqa', 'id_in_dataset': 8662, 'question': 'A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a motor vehicle accident. He was an unrestrained passenger who was ejected from the vehicle. On presentation, he is found to be actively bleeding from numerous wounds. His blood pres... | Decreased function of the Na+/K+-ATPase | <|im_start|>system
You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a motor vehicle accident. He was an unrestrained passenger who was ejected from the vehicle. On presentation, he is found to be a... |
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