id stringlengths 21 23 | group stringclasses 1
value | question stringlengths 23 41 | answer stringclasses 2
values | freeform_answer stringlengths 55 579 | structural_type stringclasses 0
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
boolean_expressions#0 | boolean_expressions | not ( True ) and ( True ) is | False | not(True) = False. Then False and True = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#1 | boolean_expressions | True and not not ( not False ) is | True | Start from the innermost expression:
- `not False` = True
- `not not (not False)` = `not not True` = `not False` = True
- `True and True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#10 | boolean_expressions | False or ( False ) and not False is | False | Evaluate step by step using operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `(False) and True` = False
3. `False or False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#100 | boolean_expressions | False or not False or not not True is | True | Evaluate each term:
- "False" = False
- "not False" = True
- "not not True" = not False = True
Now combine left to right:
False or True = True
True or True = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#101 | boolean_expressions | ( True or not False ) or False is | True | "not False" = True. "True or True" = True. Then "True or False" = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#103 | boolean_expressions | not False and not True and not False is | False | Evaluate left to right:
- `not False` = True
- `not True` = False
- `not False` = True
Now combine with `and`:
- `True and False` = False
- `False and True` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#104 | boolean_expressions | False and ( True and not False ) is | False | Start with the innermost expression: not False = True. Then True and True = True. Finally, False and True = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#105 | boolean_expressions | not False or ( False ) or True is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not False` = `True`
2. `True or (False)` = `True` (short-circuit: once True is found, result is True)
3. `True or True` = `True`
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#106 | boolean_expressions | False and not ( False and True ) is | False | Start with the inner expression: False and True = False. Then not (False) = True. Finally, False and True = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#107 | boolean_expressions | ( True or not not not False ) is | True | Start with `False`.
`not False` = True
`not not False` = not True = False
`not not not False` = not False = True
Now evaluate: `True or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#108 | boolean_expressions | False and ( False or not False ) is | False | Start with the innermost expression: not False = True. Then False or True = True. Finally, False and True = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#109 | boolean_expressions | False or not True or True and False is | False | Evaluate using standard operator precedence (NOT > AND > OR):
1. `not True` = False
2. `True and False` = False
3. Now: `False or False or False`
- `False or False` = False
- `False or False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#11 | boolean_expressions | not False or True and False and False is | True | Applying Python operator precedence: `not` binds tightest, then `and`, then `or`.
1. `not False` = `True`
2. `True and False` = `False` (leftmost `and`)
3. `False and False` = `False` (next `and`)
4. `True or False` = `True` (the `or`)
So the full expression: `(not False) or (True and False and False)` = `True or Fal... | null |
boolean_expressions#110 | boolean_expressions | True and not True or True and True is | True | Evaluate using standard precedence (NOT > AND > OR):
1. `not True` = False
2. `True and False` = False (left side of OR)
3. `True and True` = True (right side of OR)
4. `False or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#111 | boolean_expressions | ( not False or ( True ) ) is | True | "not False" = True. So the expression is (True or True) = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#112 | boolean_expressions | ( ( not ( True ) ) ) is | False | Start with True. Apply `not`: not(True) = False. The extra parentheses don't change the value.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#113 | boolean_expressions | False and False and not ( False ) is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not(False)` = True
2. `False and False` = False
3. `False and True` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#114 | boolean_expressions | not True and not True and not True is | False | Evaluate each part: "not True" = False. So the expression is False and False and False. Any AND with False yields False. Therefore the entire expression is False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#115 | boolean_expressions | not ( True or False ) or True is | True | Step 1: Evaluate the inner expression: True or False = True.
Step 2: Apply not: not True = False.
Step 3: Evaluate: False or True = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#116 | boolean_expressions | False or ( True ) or not True is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not True` = False
2. `True` (the parenthesized term) = True
3. `False or True or False`
Left to right: `False or True` = True, then `True or False` = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#117 | boolean_expressions | False or False and False or not True is | False | Evaluate step by step using standard operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `False and False` = False
3. Now: `False or False or False`
- `False or False` = False
- `False or False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#118 | boolean_expressions | True or False or not True or False is | True | Evaluate left to right with standard operator precedence (NOT binds tighter than AND/OR, but here we parse the expression):
"True or False or not True or False"
- "not True" = False
- So the expression becomes: True or False or False or False
- True or False = True
- True or False = True
- True or False = True
Answe... | null |
boolean_expressions#12 | boolean_expressions | not True or False or not not True is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not True` = False
2. `not not True` = `not False` = True
3. Now combine: `False or False or True`
- `False or False` = False
- `False or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#120 | boolean_expressions | not True and True or True and False is | False | Evaluate step by step using standard precedence (NOT > AND > OR):
1. `not True` = False
2. `False and True` = False
3. `True and False` = False
4. `False or False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#121 | boolean_expressions | not False or ( True or True ) is | True | "not False" evaluates to True. Since the first operand of `or` is True, the entire expression is True regardless of the second operand (short-circuit evaluation). The second part `(True or True)` is also True, but it doesn't matter. True or True = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#122 | boolean_expressions | not ( False or ( False ) ) is | True | Start inside: False or False = False. Then not(False) = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#123 | boolean_expressions | not ( True or True ) and True is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `True or True` = `True`
2. `not True` = `False`
3. `False and True` = `False`
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#124 | boolean_expressions | False or not False or True or True is | True | Evaluate left to right:
- "not False" = True
- "False or True" = True
- "True or True" = True
- "True or True" = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#125 | boolean_expressions | False or False and not not not False is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not False` = True
2. `not True` = False
3. `not False` = True (this is `not not not False`)
4. `False and True` = False (this is `False and not not not False`)
5. `False or False` = False (this is `False or False and not not not False`, where `and` binds tighter than `or`)
So the full expre... | null |
boolean_expressions#126 | boolean_expressions | not ( True or False or True ) is | False | Evaluate inside the parentheses first: True or False = True, then True or True = True. Apply not: not(True) = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#127 | boolean_expressions | ( False ) or not True and False is | False | Evaluate step by step using operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `False and False` = False (the `and` binds `not True` with the right `False`)
3. `False or False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#128 | boolean_expressions | True and True and not not not False is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not False` = True
2. `not not False` = `not True` = False
3. `not not not False` = `not False` = True
4. `True and True` = True
5. `True and True` (result from step 4) `and` True (from step 3) = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#129 | boolean_expressions | ( True ) or True and not True is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not True` = False
2. `True and False` = False
3. `(True) or False` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#13 | boolean_expressions | True and True and False and not True is | False | Evaluate left to right:
- True and True = True
- True and False = False
- False and (not True) = False and False = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#130 | boolean_expressions | False and False and not True and False is | False | Evaluate left to right:
- `False and False` → False
- `False and (not True)` = `False and False` → False
- `False and False` → False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#131 | boolean_expressions | ( True ) and not True or True is | True | Evaluate step by step using operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `True and False` = False (the `and` binds `True` with `not True`)
3. `False or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#132 | boolean_expressions | not not not True and False and False is | False | Step by step:
1. `not True` = False
2. `not False` = True
3. `not True` = False
So `not not not True` = False
4. `False and False` = False
5. `False and False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#133 | boolean_expressions | False and False and not not not True is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not True` = False
2. `not not True` = `not False` = True
3. `not not not True` = `not True` = False
4. `False and False` = False
5. `False and False` = False (the full expression: `False and False and False`)
So: False and False = False, then False and False = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#134 | boolean_expressions | False and False or False or not True is | False | Evaluate step by step using standard operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `False and False` = False
3. Now: `False or False or False`
4. `False or False` = False
5. `False or False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#135 | boolean_expressions | False or ( not ( False ) ) is | True | not(False) = True. Then False or True = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#136 | boolean_expressions | not True and True and not not False is | False | Evaluate step by step:
- "not True" = False
- "not not False" = "not True" = False
- Expression: False and True and False
- False and True = False
- False and False = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#137 | boolean_expressions | ( False ) and ( not False ) is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not False` = True
2. `False and True`: the `and` operator requires both operands to be True. Since the left operand is False, the result is False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#138 | boolean_expressions | ( not True ) and True or True is | True | Evaluate step by step using standard operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = `False`
2. `False and True` = `False`
3. `False or True` = `True`
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#139 | boolean_expressions | False and True and ( not False ) is | False | Evaluate left to right:
1. `not False` = True
2. `False and True` = False (short-circuit: first operand is False, so result is False)
3. `False and True` = False (the result from step 2 `and` the result of `not False`=True → False and True = False)
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#14 | boolean_expressions | not not True and not True or True is | True | Evaluate step by step using Python operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not not True` = `not False` = `True`
2. `not True` = `False`
3. `True and False` = `False` (the `and` binds `not not True` with `not True`)
4. `False or True` = `True`
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#140 | boolean_expressions | ( ( True ) ) or not False is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `( ( True ) )` = True (parentheses don't change the value)
2. `not False` = True
3. `True or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#141 | boolean_expressions | not True and False or False or True is | True | Evaluate step by step using standard precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `False and False` = False
3. Now: `False or False or True`
4. `False or False` = False
5. `False or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#15 | boolean_expressions | not not not ( True and False ) is | True | Start inside: True and False = False.
Then apply three "not"s:
not False = True,
not True = False,
not False = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#153 | boolean_expressions | False or ( True and not True ) is | False | Start with the innermost expression: not True = False. Then True and False = False. Finally, False or False = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#155 | boolean_expressions | ( False or not not not False ) is | True | Start with the innermost: `not False` = True, `not True` = False, `not False` = True. So the expression becomes `False or True` = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#156 | boolean_expressions | ( not False ) or True and False is | True | Evaluate step by step using Python/standard operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = `True`
2. `True and False` = `False`
3. `True or False` = `True`
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#159 | boolean_expressions | ( False ) and False or not False is | True | Evaluate step by step using operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `(False) and False` = False (False AND anything = False)
3. `False or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#16 | boolean_expressions | not not False and not not not False is | False | Step by step:
1. `not not False` = `not True` = `False`
2. `not not not False` = `not not True` = `not False` = `True`
3. `False and True` = `False`
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#160 | boolean_expressions | not False and True or ( True ) is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not False` = `True`
2. `True and True` = `True`
3. `(True)` = `True`
4. `True or True` = `True`
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#161 | boolean_expressions | True or not not ( not False ) is | True | Start from the innermost expression:
- `not False` = True
- `not ( not False )` = `not True` = False
- `not not ( not False )` = `not False` = True
- `True or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#162 | boolean_expressions | False and not True and False and True is | False | Evaluate left to right:
- `False and not True` → `False and False` → `False`
- `False and False` → `False`
- `False and True` → `False`
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#164 | boolean_expressions | not False or not ( not False ) is | True | not False = True
not (not False) = not True = False
True or False = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#165 | boolean_expressions | not not ( True ) or not True is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not True` = False
2. `not not (True)` = `not (not True)` = `not False` = True
3. `True or not True` = `True or False` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#166 | boolean_expressions | ( True and not True and True ) is | False | Evaluate left to right:
- `not True` = False
- `True and False` = False
- `False and True` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#168 | boolean_expressions | not True or True and False and False is | False | Evaluate using Python-style operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `True and False` = False
3. `False and False` = False (step 2 result AND False)
4. `False or False` = False (step 1 result OR step 3 result)
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#169 | boolean_expressions | True and not not not not not True is | False | Start with the innermost: "not True" = False. Then apply the remaining "not"s one by one:
- not not not not not True
- = not not not not False
- = not not not True
- = not not False
- = not True
- = False
So the full expression is "True and False" = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#17 | boolean_expressions | ( True and not True and False ) is | False | Evaluate left to right:
- `not True` = False
- `True and False` = False
- `False and False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#170 | boolean_expressions | not True and ( False ) and False is | False | "not True" = False. Now evaluate: False and (False) and False. Since the first operand is False, short-circuit evaluation stops immediately — the entire expression is False regardless of remaining operands.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#171 | boolean_expressions | False and False or not True and False is | False | Evaluate step by step using Python-like operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `False and False` = False (leftmost `and`)
3. `False and False` = False (`not True and False`)
4. Now: `False or False` = False
Full expression: `(False and False) or (not True and False)`
= `False or (False and Fal... | null |
boolean_expressions#173 | boolean_expressions | not ( False or False or True ) is | False | Evaluate the inner expression first: False or False = False, then False or True = True. Apply not: not(True) = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#174 | boolean_expressions | not False or True or True and False is | True | Evaluate using Python operator precedence: `not` > `and` > `or`.
1. `not False` = `True`
2. `True and False` = `False`
Expression becomes: `True or True or False`
3. `True or True` = `True`
4. `True or False` = `True`
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#175 | boolean_expressions | not False and False or False or False is | False | Evaluate step by step using standard precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `True and False` = False
3. `False or False` = False
4. `False or False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#176 | boolean_expressions | ( not True ) and ( False ) is | False | "not True" evaluates to False. Then False AND False: both operands must be True for AND to return True; since both are False, the result is False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#177 | boolean_expressions | True and not not False and not False is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not False` = True
2. `not not False` = `not True` = False
3. `True and False` = False (left part: `True and not not False`)
4. `not False` = True
5. `False and True` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#179 | boolean_expressions | not ( not False ) and not False is | False | Step through the expression:
1. `not False` = True
2. `not (not False)` = `not True` = False
3. `not False` = True
4. `False and True` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#18 | boolean_expressions | False and False and False or not False is | True | Evaluate step by step using standard operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `False and False` = False
3. `False and False` (result) `and False` = False
4. `False or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#181 | boolean_expressions | ( not not not True and True ) is | False | Start inside: `not True` = False, `not False` = True, `not True` = False. So `not not not True` = False. Then `False and True` = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#182 | boolean_expressions | False and not ( True ) or True is | True | Evaluate step by step using standard precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not (True)` = `False`
2. `False and False` = `False` (the "and" binds "False" with the result of not)
3. `False or True` = `True`
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#183 | boolean_expressions | ( not True and False or True ) is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not True` = False
2. `False and False` = False (left to right: `not True and False`)
3. `False or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#184 | boolean_expressions | not ( not not True ) or False is | False | Start with the innermost: `not True` = False. Then `not False` = True. So `not not True` = True. Then `not (not not True)` = `not True` = False. Finally, `False or False` = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#185 | boolean_expressions | ( not False ) or ( False ) is | True | "not False" evaluates to True. Then we have True or False. Since at least one operand is True, the OR expression is True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#186 | boolean_expressions | not not not False and True and False is | False | Step through the expression left to right with standard precedence (not binds tightest, then and):
1. `not False` = True
2. `not True` = False
3. `not False` = True
4. `True and True` = True (first `and` with the trailing `True`)
5. `True and False` = False (second `and` with `False`)
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#187 | boolean_expressions | True or not True or not not True is | True | Evaluate left to right with standard precedence (not binds tightest, then or):
1. `not not True` = `not False` = `True`
2. `not True` = `False`
3. Expression becomes: `True or False or True`
4. `True or False` = `True`
5. `True or True` = `True`
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#188 | boolean_expressions | not False or not not False and False is | True | Evaluate step by step using Python operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `not not False` = `not True` = False
3. `False and False` = False (step 2's result `and` False)
4. `True or False` = True (step 1's result `or` step 3's result)
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#189 | boolean_expressions | not False and ( False or False ) is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `False or False` = False
2. `not False` = True
3. `True and False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#19 | boolean_expressions | False or ( False and not False ) is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not False` = True
2. `False and True` = False
3. `False or False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#190 | boolean_expressions | False and True or ( not False ) is | True | Evaluate step by step using standard operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `False and True` = False (and before or)
3. `False or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#191 | boolean_expressions | False and not False and ( False ) is | False | Evaluate left to right:
1. `False and not False` → `False and True` → `False`
2. `False and (False)` → `False and False` → `False`
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#192 | boolean_expressions | not ( ( False and True ) ) is | True | First, evaluate the inner expression: False and True = False. Then apply not: not(False) = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#193 | boolean_expressions | False or ( not False ) and False is | False | Evaluate step by step using standard operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `True and False` = False
3. `False or False` = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#194 | boolean_expressions | False and not False or False and True is | False | Evaluate step by step using standard precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `False and True` = False (left side of `and`)
3. `False and not False` = `False and True` = False
4. `False and True` = False (right side)
5. `False or False` = False
So the full expression: `(False and (not False)) or (False a... | null |
boolean_expressions#195 | boolean_expressions | not False and not not True and True is | True | Evaluate step by step:
- `not False` = True
- `not not True` = `not False` = True
- The expression: `True and True and True`
- `True and True` = True
- `True and True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#196 | boolean_expressions | True and True or False and not True is | True | Evaluate step by step using standard precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `True and True` = True
3. `False and False` = False (i.e., `False and not True`)
4. `True or False` = True
So the full expression: `(True and True) or (False and not True)` = `True or False` = True.
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#197 | boolean_expressions | not True or False and True or False is | False | Evaluate using Python-style operator precedence: `not` > `and` > `or`.
Expression: `not True or False and True or False`
Step 1: `not True` = `False`
Expression becomes: `False or False and True or False`
Step 2: `False and True` = `False`
Expression becomes: `False or False or False`
Step 3: `False or False` = `... | null |
boolean_expressions#198 | boolean_expressions | True or False or not True and True is | True | Evaluate step by step using standard operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `False or not True` → wait, let me re-parse: `True or False or not True and True`
Expression: `True or False or not True and True`
Precedence: `not` first, then `and`, then `or`.
1. `not True` = False
2. `False and T... | null |
boolean_expressions#199 | boolean_expressions | False or False or not True or False is | False | Evaluate each term:
- False = False
- False = False
- not True = False
- False = False
Now combine left to right:
False or False = False
False or False = False
False or False = False
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#2 | boolean_expressions | not True or False or ( False ) is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not True` = `False`
2. `(False)` = `False`
3. `False or False or False`
First: `False or False` = `False`
Then: `False or False` = `False`
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#20 | boolean_expressions | True and False or ( not True ) is | False | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not True` = False
2. `True and False` = False (AND requires both operands to be True)
3. `False or False` = False (OR requires at least one operand to be True)
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#200 | boolean_expressions | False or False or True and not False is | True | Evaluate step by step using standard precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `True and True` = True (the "True and not False" part)
3. `False or False or True` = `False or True` = True
So the full expression: `False or False or True and not False`
= `False or False or (True and True)`
= `False or False ... | null |
boolean_expressions#201 | boolean_expressions | ( not ( True or False ) ) is | False | True or False = True. not(True) = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#202 | boolean_expressions | not False and False or True and True is | True | Evaluate step by step using Python operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = True
2. `True and False` = False
3. `True and True` = True
4. `False or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#203 | boolean_expressions | True and False or ( not False ) is | True | Evaluate step by step using operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not False` = `True`
2. `True and False` = `False`
3. `False or True` = `True`
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#204 | boolean_expressions | not False or not not not not True is | True | Evaluate step by step:
1. `not False` = True
2. `not not not not True`: apply four negations to True → not True = False → not False = True → not True = False → not False = True
3. `True or True` = True
Answer: True | null |
boolean_expressions#205 | boolean_expressions | True and ( not ( True ) ) is | False | Start with the innermost expression: not(True) = False. Then evaluate: True AND False = False.
Answer: False | null |
boolean_expressions#206 | boolean_expressions | True and False and not True or False is | False | Evaluate step by step using standard operator precedence (not > and > or):
1. `not True` = False
2. `True and False` = False
3. `False and False` (result of step 1 applied: actually, `True and False and not True` = `True and False and False` = False)
4. Now: `False or False` = False
More carefully: `(True and False a... | null |
BIG-Bench Hard Freeform Rewrites
DatologyAI is pleased to release a rewrite of BIG-Bench Hard that enables language-model evaluation through language-modeling loss on verified-correct free-form answers. Part of the DatologyAI Benchmark Freeform Rewrites collection.
Motivation
Practitioners developing language models need evaluations capable of quantifying the effects of small changes, such as adjustments to the training data mix, even when evaluating the smaller models trained during research and development.
Generative evaluation with pass/fail checks is susceptible to emergence effects when applied to development-scale models. Unconditioned language-modeling loss over held-out documents provides a denser signal, but held-out documents may not map clearly onto the capabilities of interest.
Few-shot-conditioned free-form question answering, the setup this dataset enables, sits between the two. It targets specific capabilities and measures in-context learning while providing a dense, emergence-free signal.
This data
The DatologyAI Benchmark Freeform Rewrites datasets transform existing multiple-choice and short-answer benchmarks into free-form long-answer tasks. Each row pairs a self-contained question, the original short answer, and a worked continuation verified to answer the question correctly.
A technical write-up describing the rewrite and verification process and the validation results is coming soon.
Fields
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
id |
<group>#<source id>; unique within the dataset. |
group |
Subject or subtask; equals the HF config name. |
question |
Self-contained rewritten question or problem statement. |
answer |
Short original answer from the source benchmark. |
freeform_answer |
Free-form worked answer that arrives at answer. |
structural_type |
How the source multiple-choice item was converted: self_contained_factoid, fill_in_blank, multi_statement, negative_odd_one_out, logic_symbolization or competing_proposition. |
Loading
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("DatologyAI/bbh-freeform-rewrites", "boolean_expressions", split="train")
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