Datasets:

EOA-team
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SwissCrop25

LNF_code int64 501 1.93k	Crop_DE stringlengths 4 214	Crop_EN stringlengths 3 195	Crop_FR stringlengths 3 323	Crop_IT stringlengths 4 288	Valid_from float64 2.02k 2.02k ⌀	Valid_until float64 2.02k 2.02k ⌀	BPA_QI float64 0 1 ⌀	Special_culture float64 0 1 ⌀	Crop_Label stringlengths 3 23 ⌀	Crop_Label_lv1 stringlengths 3 23 ⌀	Crop_Label_lv2 stringclasses 22 values	Crop_Label_lv3 stringclasses 8 values	Exclude bool 1 class	Avg_Area_ha int64 0 1.09M	2019_Area_m2 float64 0 11.2B ⌀	2020_Area_m2 float64 0 11B ⌀	2021_Area_m22 float64 0 10.9B ⌀	2022_Area_m23 float64 0 10.8B ⌀	2023_Area_m24 float64 0 10.8B ⌀	2024_Area_m25 float64 0 10.8B ⌀	2025_Area_m26 float64 0 10.8B ⌀
501	Sommergerste	Spring barley	Orge de printemps	Orzo primaverile	null	null	0	0	Spring Barley	Spring Barley	Spring Cereals	Arable Land	null	784	4,758,856	7,858,293	9,902,206	8,415,374	8,000,433	7,563,391	8,378,097
502	Wintergerste	Winter barley	Orge d’automne	Orzo autunnale	null	null	0	0	Winter Barley	Winter Barley	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	null	22,284	151,343,276	174,301,996	266,631,521	264,194,625	252,452,509	236,977,754	213,970,828
504	Hafer	Oats	Avoine	Avena	null	null	0	0	Oat	Oat	Spring Cereals	Arable Land	null	1,947	8,422,954	10,354,388	18,914,028	27,807,030	28,375,474	21,135,620	21,306,398
505	Triticale	Triticale	Triticale	Triticale	null	null	0	0	Triticale	Triticale	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	null	5,951	39,073,434	43,338,231	73,901,246	70,658,684	64,650,102	60,583,416	64,388,714
506	Mischel Futtergetreide	Mixed fodder cereals	Méteil de céréales fourragères	Miscela di cereali da foraggio	null	null	0	0	Mixed Cereals	Other Cereals	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	true	220	1,791,629	1,851,730	2,093,426	2,386,864	2,362,232	2,647,328	2,283,381
507	Futterweizen gemäss Sortenliste swiss granum	Fodder wheat according to Swiss Granum list	Blé fourrager selon liste swiss granum	Frumento da foraggio giusta la lista di swiss granum	null	null	0	0	Winter Wheat	Winter Wheat	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	null	7,672	35,567,882	64,194,882	96,372,938	92,349,708	84,472,859	76,760,696	87,305,447
508	Körnermais	Grain maize	Maïs grain	Mais da granella	null	null	0	0	Grain Maize	Grain Maize	Summer Cereals	Arable Land	null	14,623	105,991,678	128,461,686	169,846,542	154,588,272	152,600,518	152,916,033	159,236,317
509	Reis	Rice	Riz	Riso	null	2,022	0	0	Rice	Rice	Rice	Arable Land	null	65	15,543	867,158	1,068,864	637,682	0	0	0
510	Hartweizen	Durum wheat	Blé dur	Grano duro	2,023	null	0	0	Durum Wheat	Other Cereals	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	true	283	0	0	0	0	3,096,723	3,784,012	1,611,244
511	Emmer, Einkorn	Emmer, Einkorn	Amidonnier, engrain	Farro, piccola spelta	null	null	0	0	Ancient Wheat	Other Cereals	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	true	284	3,725,532	2,875,601	1,975,986	3,840,547	4,146,042	1,614,156	1,667,757
512	Sommerweizen (ohne Futterweizen der Sortenliste swiss granum)	Spring wheat (excluding Swiss Granum fodder wheat)	Blé de printemps (sans blé fourrager de la liste swiss granum)	Frumento primaverile (escl. il frumento da foraggio di swiss granum)	null	null	0	0	Spring Wheat	Spring Wheat	Spring Cereals	Arable Land	null	1,449	4,397,936	13,972,423	11,530,894	10,593,846	12,724,334	38,104,902	10,080,332
513	Winterweizen (ohne Futterweizen der Sortenliste swiss granum)	Winter wheat (excluding Swiss Granum fodder wheat)	Blé d'automne (sans blé fourrager de la liste swiss granum)	Frumento autunnale (escl. il frumento da foraggio di swiss granum)	null	null	0	0	Winter Wheat	Winter Wheat	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	null	62,817	489,299,182	483,448,747	705,894,900	694,036,650	673,060,110	647,531,156	703,898,964
514	Roggen	Rye	Seigle	Segale	null	null	0	0	Rye	Rye	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	null	1,681	9,744,185	11,622,510	17,706,278	18,052,558	20,564,782	19,317,705	20,693,006
515	Mischel Brotgetreide	Mixed bread cereals	Méteil de céréales panifiables	Miscela di cereali panificabili	null	null	0	0	Mixed Cereals	Other Cereals	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	true	46	110,129	319,682	393,662	579,172	533,206	572,826	692,180
516	Dinkel	Spelt	Epeautre	Spelta	null	null	0	0	Spelt	Spelt	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	null	6,325	33,218,262	39,438,305	65,997,595	78,846,938	84,260,613	68,757,574	72,247,293
519	Saatmais (Vertragsanbau)	Seed maize (contract farming)	Semences de maïs (contrat de culture)	Mais da semina (coltivazione contrattuale)	null	null	0	0	Grain Maize	Grain Maize	Summer Cereals	Arable Land	null	158	1,616,426	1,866,468	1,656,461	1,864,125	1,468,136	1,290,739	1,296,518
520	Trockenreis	Dryland rice	Riz en culture sèche	Riso seminato su terreno asciutto	2,023	null	0	0	Rice	Rice	Rice	Arable Land	null	56	0	0	0	0	549,865	605,460	535,703
521	Silo- und Grünmais	Silage and green maize	Maïs d'ensilage et maïs vert	Mais da insilamento e verde	null	null	0	0	Silage Maize	Silage Maize	Summer Cereals	Arable Land	null	42,553	283,573,485	321,069,509	452,015,526	460,528,602	467,384,125	489,427,045	504,733,708
522	Zuckerrüben	Sugar beets	Betteraves sucrières	Barbabietole da zucchero	null	null	0	0	Sugar Beets	Sugar Beets	Root Crops	Arable Land	null	14,967	115,236,703	117,213,615	160,001,147	155,486,860	160,121,482	166,396,480	173,222,577
523	Futterrüben	Fodder beets	Betteraves fourragères	Barbabietole da foraggio	null	null	0	0	Beets	Beets	Root Crops	Arable Land	null	284	1,471,582	1,870,306	3,719,776	3,496,949	3,215,470	3,190,678	2,914,471
524	Kartoffeln	Potatoes	Pommes de terre	Patate	null	null	0	0	Potatoes	Potatoes	Root Crops	Arable Land	null	7,945	45,049,718	47,831,535	91,822,659	91,860,772	91,618,573	92,474,504	95,466,833
525	Pflanzkartoffeln (Vertragsanbau)	Seed potatoes (contract farming)	Plants de pommes de terre (contrat de culture)	Tuberi-seme di patate (coltivazione contrattuale)	null	null	0	0	Potatoes	Potatoes	Root Crops	Arable Land	null	1,190	5,009,878	5,168,040	14,988,794	14,866,895	14,794,864	14,129,631	14,352,855
526	Sommerraps zur Speiseölgewinnung	Spring rapeseed for edible oil	Colza de printemps destiné à la fabrication d’huile comestible	Colza primaverile per l’estrazione di olio commestibile	null	null	0	0	Spring Rapeseed	Rapeseed	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	89	699,904	550,864	1,232,502	942,600	1,064,886	596,624	1,138,603
527	Winterraps zur Speiseölgewinnung	Winter rapeseed for edible oil	Colza d’automne destiné à la fabrication d’huile comestible	Colza autunnale per l’estrazione di olio commestibile	null	null	0	0	Winter Rapeseed	Rapeseed	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	22,052	161,499,629	183,695,476	242,568,595	245,366,480	248,165,778	238,142,072	224,213,363
528	Soja	Soybean	Soja	Soia	null	null	0	0	Soybean	Soybean	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	2,546	13,511,709	17,309,509	22,639,951	28,538,824	30,317,219	32,311,662	33,620,312
529	Nassreis	Wetland rice	Riz en culture humide	Riso seminato su terreno bagnato	2,023	null	0	0	Rice	Rice	Rice	Arable Land	null	19	0	0	0	0	194,966	207,338	179,934
531	Sonnenblumen zur Speiseölgewinnung	Sunflower for edible oil	Tournesol destiné à la fabrication d’huile comestible	Girasole per l’estrazione di olio commestibile	null	null	0	0	Sunflower	Sunflower	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	5,546	45,444,950	35,785,888	47,517,268	51,344,415	62,439,802	71,665,097	74,038,414
534	Lein	Flax	Lin	Lino	null	null	0	0	Flax	Minor Oilseeds	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	180	1,001,127	810,392	2,029,072	2,029,964	1,879,179	2,397,244	2,448,857
535	Hanf	Hemp	Chanvre	Canapa	null	2,021	0	0	Hemp	Special Crops	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	0	null	null	null	null	null	null	null
536	Bohnen und Wicken zur Körnergewinnung (z.B. Ackerbohnen)	Beans and vetches for grain production (e.g., field beans)	Haricots et vesces en grains (p.ex. féveroles)	Fagioli e vecce per l’estrazione di granelli (p.es. favette)	null	null	0	0	Beans	Beans	Pulses	Arable Land	null	774	6,962,343	7,005,712	7,105,598	7,565,940	7,285,386	8,447,693	9,787,854
537	Erbsen zur Körnergewinnung (z.B. Eiweisserbsen)	Peas for grain production (e.g., protein peas)	Pois en grains (p.ex. pois protéagineux)	Piselli per l’estrazione di granelli (p.es. piselli proteici)	null	null	0	0	Peas	Peas	Pulses	Arable Land	null	2,411	22,139,085	23,573,226	34,282,410	25,514,184	24,104,029	22,946,782	16,207,090
538	Lupinen	Lupins	Lupins	Lupini	null	null	0	0	Lupine	Lupine	Pulses	Arable Land	null	259	1,133,907	1,410,710	2,996,492	3,342,960	3,191,178	2,935,714	3,100,350
539	Ölkürbisse	Oil pumpkins	Courges à huile	Zucche per l’estrazione di olio	null	null	0	0	Oil Pumpkins	Oil Pumpkins	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	92	668,733	761,514	986,881	1,241,967	1,063,240	806,158	940,271
540	Kichererbsen	Chickpeas	Pois chiches	Ceci	2,023	null	0	0	Chickpeas	Chickpeas	Pulses	Arable Land	true	74	0	0	0	0	1,111,357	642,912	474,326
541	Tabak	Tobacco	Tabac	Tabacco	null	null	0	1	Tobacco	Special Crops	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	340	2,178,598	2,195,042	3,997,038	3,953,523	3,925,726	3,857,365	3,689,106
542	Hirse	Millet	Millet	Miglio	null	2,022	0	0	Millet	Millet	Summer Cereals	Arable Land	null	242	2,165,379	1,877,163	2,827,696	2,812,173	0	0	0
543	Getreide siliert	Ensiled cereals	Céréales ensilées	Cereali insilati	null	null	0	0	Silage Cereals	Other Cereals	Winter Cereals	Arable Land	true	575	2,919,989	4,363,180	6,240,788	5,914,610	6,921,070	7,588,923	6,284,320
544	Leindotter	Camelina	Cameline	Dorella	null	null	0	0	Camelina	Minor Oilseeds	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	13	129,232	168,948	159,266	177,778	121,982	56,380	71,028
545	Einjährige Freilandgemüse, ohne Konservengemüse	Annual open-field vegetables, excluding preserved vegetables	Cultures maraîchères de plein champ annuelles (sauf les légumes de conserve)	Ortaggi annuali di pieno campo (esclusi quelli destinati alla conservazione)	null	null	0	1	Vegetables	Vegetables	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	9,331	61,324,143	68,058,333	101,937,758	103,528,559	101,683,883	105,273,227	111,351,919
546	Freiland-Konservengemüse	Open-field vegetables for preservation	Légumes de conserve cultivés en plein champ	Ortaggi di pieno campo per la conservazione	null	null	0	0	Vegetables	Vegetables	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	1,609	13,283,974	13,629,142	17,069,682	17,122,846	16,609,971	17,660,333	17,287,631
547	Wurzeln der Treibzichorie	Roots of forced chicory	Racines de chicorée	Radici di cicoria di coltura forzata	null	null	0	1	Chicory Root	Chicory Root	Root Crops	Arable Land	null	392	3,659,470	3,992,622	4,216,406	3,808,552	3,334,267	3,886,928	4,547,498
548	Buchweizen	Buckwheat	Sarrasin	Grano saraceno	null	null	0	0	Buckwheat	Vegetables	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	71	404,834	693,166	767,675	820,005	658,414	724,095	878,045
549	Sorghum	Sorghum	Sorgho	Sorgo	null	2,022	0	0	Sorghum	Sorghum	Summer Cereals	Arable Land	null	271	2,072,187	2,810,300	3,085,100	2,872,565	0	0	0
550	Übrige Ackerfläche	Other arable land	Autres terres assolées	Altra superficie coltiva	null	null	0	0	null	null	null	null	true	0	null	null	null	null	null	null	null
551	Einjährige Beeren (z.B. Erdbeeren)	Annual berries (e.g., strawberries)	Baies annuelles (p.ex. fraises)	Bacche annuali (p.es. fragole)	null	null	0	1	Annual Berries	Annual Berries	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	439	2,855,506	3,671,357	5,253,329	5,104,449	4,834,498	4,601,232	4,381,937
552	Einjährige nachwachsende Rohstoffe (Kenaf, usw.)	Annual renewable raw materials (Kenaf, etc.)	Matières premières renouvelables annuelles (kénaf, etc.)	Materie prime rinnovabili annuali (kenaf, ecc.)	null	null	0	0	Special Crops	Special Crops	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	2	26,716	26,741	27,429	2,390	696	444	44,121
553	Einjährige Gewürz- und Medizinalpflanzen	Annual spice and medicinal plants	Plantes aromatiques et médicinales annuelles	Piante aromatiche e medicinali annuali	null	null	0	1	Spices	Vegetables	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	128	693,766	961,308	1,301,990	1,363,303	1,507,160	1,544,136	1,580,900
554	Einjährige gärtnerische Freilandkulturen (Blumen, Rollrasen usw.)	Annual open-field horticultural crops (flowers, turf, etc.)	Cultures horticoles annuelles de plein champ (fleurs, gazon en rouleaux, etc.)	Floricoltura di pieno campo annuale (fiori, manto erboso in rotoli, ecc.)	null	null	0	0	Horticulture	Vegetables	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	279	2,393,553	2,552,352	2,798,333	3,016,726	3,012,778	2,876,242	2,906,434
555	Ackerschonstreifen	Wildflower strips	Bande culturale extensive	Fasce di colture estensive in campicoltura	null	2,022	1	0	Fallow	Fallow	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	391	3,291,508	4,059,374	4,032,157	4,253,568	0	0	0
556	Buntbrache	Flowering fallow	Jachère florale	Maggese fioriti	null	null	1	0	Fallow	Fallow	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	2,702	21,261,150	22,575,506	22,492,943	22,241,236	24,941,135	36,916,753	38,724,521
557	Rotationsbrache	Rotational fallow	Jachère tournante	Maggese da rotazione	null	null	1	0	Fallow	Fallow	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	785	5,600,614	6,094,026	6,239,296	5,769,612	6,852,680	12,126,869	12,241,649
559	Saum auf Ackerflächen	Improved (species-rich) field margins on arable land	Ourlet sur terres assolées	Striscia su superficie coltiva	null	null	1	0	Fallow	Fallow	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	333	2,174,289	2,381,391	2,406,444	2,485,452	3,010,426	5,246,809	5,590,333
566	Mohn	Poppy	Pavot	Papavero	null	null	0	0	Poppy	Special Crops	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	13	21,384	73,098	147,784	113,938	169,677	219,676	176,978
567	Saflor	Safflower	Carthame	Cartamo	null	null	0	0	Safflower	Minor Oilseeds	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	2	34,863	11,696	26,069	37,335	31,925	13,652	18,336
568	Linsen	Lentils	Lentilles	Lenticchie	null	null	0	0	Lentils	Lentils	Pulses	Arable Land	null	137	1,062,471	1,159,114	1,800,795	1,942,678	1,441,589	1,119,828	1,081,792
569	Mischungen von Bohnen, Wicken, Erbsen, Kichererbsen und Lupinen mit Getreide oder Leindotter, mindestens 30 % Anteil Leguminosen bei der Ernte (zur Körnergewinnung)	Mixtures of beans, vetch, peas, chickpeas, and lupins with cereals or camelina, minimum 30% legumes at harvest (for grain)	Méteil de haricots, de vesces, de pois, de pois chiches et de lupins avec des céréales ou de la caméline, au moins 30 % de légumineuses lors de la récolte (pour la production de grains)	Miscele di fagioli, vecce, piselli, ceci e lupini con cereali o camelina sativa, almeno il 30% di quota di leguminose nel raccolto (per l’estrazione di granelli)	null	null	0	0	Mixed Legumes	Mixed Legumes	Pulses	Arable Land	true	818	5,617,567	6,009,199	8,424,737	8,252,929	9,362,648	9,911,357	9,673,476
570	Mischungen von Linsen mit Getreide oder Leindotter, mindestens 30 % Anteil Linsen bei der Ernte (zur Körnergewinnung)	Mixtures of lentils with cereals or camelina, minimum 30% lentils at harvest (for grain)	Méteil de lentilles avec des céréales ou de la caméline, au moins 30 % de lentilles lors de la récolte (pour la production de grains)	Miscele di lenticchie con cereali o camelina sativa, almeno il 30% di quota di lenticchie nel raccolto (per l’estrazione di granelli)	2,023	null	0	0	Mixed Legumes	Mixed Legumes	Pulses	Arable Land	true	65	0	0	0	0	484,770	651,211	810,064
572	Nützlingsstreifen auf offener Ackerfläche	Conservation headlands on open arable land	avec des céréales ou de la caméline, au moins 30 % de lentilles lors de la récolte (pour la production de grains)	Strisce per organismi utili sulla superficie coltiva aperta	null	null	0	0	Fallow	Fallow	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	259	1,404,241	1,710,186	2,822,749	2,551,820	2,956,340	4,159,748	2,538,058
573	Senf	Mustard	Moutarde	Senape	null	null	0	0	Mustard	Minor Oilseeds	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	50	204,170	294,070	296,950	348,736	596,434	920,948	864,214
574	Quinoa	Quinoa	Quinoa	Quinoa	null	null	0	0	Quinoa	Vegetables	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	24	272,840	92,546	374,868	408,220	256,914	125,986	126,108
575	Hanf zur Nutzung der Samen	Hemp for seed use	Chanvre pour l’utilisation des graines	Canapa per i semi	2,022	null	0	0	Hemp	Special Crops	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	42	0	0	0	521,914	513,874	242,114	414,821
576	Hanf zur Fasernutzung	Hemp for fiber use	Chanvre pour l’utilisation des fibres	Canapa da fibra	2,022	null	0	0	Hemp	Special Crops	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	2	0	0	0	13,395	900	22,368	27,932
577	Anderer Hanf	Other hemp	Autre chanvre	Altra canapa	2,022	null	0	0	Hemp	Special Crops	Annual Horticulture	Arable Land	null	18	0	0	0	401,140	204,224	90,681	40,098
578	Hirse zur Körnergewinnung	Millet for grain	Millet grains	Miglio per l’estrazione di gra-nelli	2,023	null	0	0	Millet	Millet	Summer Cereals	Arable Land	null	266	0	0	0	0	3,740,009	2,894,222	1,340,179
579	Hirse zur Nutzung ganze Pflanze	Millet for whole-plant use	Millet plante entière	Miglio per la raccolta della pianta intera	2,023	null	0	0	Millet	Millet	Summer Cereals	Arable Land	null	10	0	0	0	0	139,515	57,913	99,844
580	Sorghum zur Körnergewinnung	Sorghum for grain	Sorgho grains	Sorgo per l’estrazione di gra-nelli	2,023	null	0	0	Sorghum	Sorghum	Summer Cereals	Arable Land	null	29	0	0	0	0	300,378	418,324	140,484
581	Sorghum zur Nutzung ganze Pflanze	Sorghum for whole-plant use	Sorgho plante entière	Sorgo per la raccolta della pianta intera	2,023	null	0	0	Sorghum	Sorghum	Summer Cereals	Arable Land	null	338	0	0	0	0	3,566,916	4,005,806	2,570,917
590	Sommerraps als nachwachsender Rohstoff	Spring rapeseed as renewable raw material	Colza de printemps comme matière première renouvelable	Colza primaverile quale materia prima rinnovabile	null	null	0	0	Spring Rapeseed	Rapeseed	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	2	66,186	3,070	19,480	0	7,683	0	0
591	Winterraps als nachwachsender Rohstoff	Winter rapeseed as renewable raw material	Colza d’automne comme matière première renouvelable	Colza autunnale quale materia prima rinnovabile	null	null	0	0	Winter Rapeseed	Rapeseed	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	106	505,581	975,718	1,474,238	1,517,718	1,141,292	843,468	947,976
592	Sonnenblumen als nachwachsender Rohstoff	Sunflower as renewable raw material	Tournesol comme matière première renouvelable	Girasole quale materia prima rinnovabile	null	null	0	0	Sunflower	Sunflower	Oilseeds	Arable Land	null	31	381,388	269,834	227,348	422,134	312,344	254,326	337,534
594	Offene Ackerfläche, beitragsberechtigt (regionsspezifische Biodiversitätsförderfläche)	Eligible open arable land (region-specific biodiversity promotion)	Terres ouvertes donnant droit aux contributions (surfaces de promotion de la biodiversité spécifiques à la région)	Superficie coltiva aperta, avente diritto ai contributi (superfici per la promozione della biodiversità specifiche di una regione)	null	null	1	0	Fallow	Fallow	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	22	277,599	297,362	219,336	189,827	151,118	225,245	203,544
595	Übrige offene Ackerfläche, nicht beitragsberechtigt (regionsspezifische Biodiversitätsförderfläche)	Other open arable land, not eligible	Autres terres ouvertes ne donnant pas droit aux contributions (surfaces de promotion de la biodiversité spécifiques à la région)	Altra superficie coltiva aperta, non avente diritto ai contributi (superfici per la promozione della biodiversità specifiche di una regione)	null	null	1	0	Fallow	Fallow	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	68	38,798	22,964	11,353	11,353	1,460,454	1,839,504	1,410,002
597	Übrige offene Ackerfläche, beitragsberechtigt	Other open arable land, eligible	Autres terres ouvertes avec contributions	Altra superficie coltiva aperta, con contributi	null	null	0	0	Fallow	Fallow	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	338	1,874,829	2,170,050	3,412,122	4,133,809	4,277,571	4,149,512	3,653,349
598	Übrige offene Ackerfläche, nicht beitragsberechtigt	Other open arable land, not eligible	Autres terres ouvertes sans contributions	Altra superficie coltiva aperta, senza contributi	null	null	0	0	Fallow	Fallow	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	230	2,209,944	2,009,910	2,312,250	2,733,853	2,353,010	2,388,174	2,070,461
601	Kunstwiesen (ohne Weiden)	Artificial grasslands (excluding pastures)	Prairies artificielles (sans les pâturages)	Prati artificiali (senza pascoli)	null	null	0	0	Ley	Ley	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	104,714	624,837,125	731,496,654	1,179,090,450	1,189,273,713	1,199,467,312	1,210,754,963	1,195,049,411
602	Übrige Kunstwiese, beitragsberechtigt (z.B. Schweineweide, Geflügelweide)	Other artificial grasslands, eligible for contributions (e.g. pig and poultry pastures)	Autres prairies artificielles donnant droit aux contributions (p.ex. pâturages pour porcs et volaille)	Altri prati artificiali avente diritto ai contributi (p.es. pascoli riservati ai suini e al pollame)	null	null	0	0	Ley	Ley	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	540	2,822,784	3,487,353	5,662,759	6,384,778	6,346,100	6,620,048	6,493,724
611	Extensiv genutzte Wiesen (ohne Weiden)	Extensively managed meadows (excluding pastures)	Prairies extensives (sans les pâturages)	Prati estensivi (senza pascoli)	null	null	1	0	Extensive Meadow	Extensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	84,051	655,822,930	854,885,680	884,869,267	877,144,268	873,688,811	866,538,251	870,623,066
612	Wenig intensiv genutzte Wiesen (ohne Weiden)	Low-intensity managed meadows (excluding pastures)	Prairies peu intensives (sans les pâturages)	Prati poco intensivi (senza pascoli)	null	null	1	0	Less Intensive Meadow	Less Intensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	14,028	84,496,723	155,618,587	157,386,642	150,932,389	147,452,297	144,639,636	141,460,214
613	Übrige Dauerwiesen (ohne Weiden)	Other permanent meadows (excluding pastures)	Autres prairies permanentes (sans les pâturages)	Altri prati perenni (senza pascoli)	null	null	0	0	Intensive Meadow	Intensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	342,218	2,797,029,393	3,558,531,860	3,594,768,633	3,518,955,426	3,517,790,208	3,499,800,907	3,468,365,165
616	Weiden (Heimweiden, übrige Weiden ohne Sömmerungsweiden)	Pastures (farm pastures, other pastures excluding summer pastures)	Pâturages (pâturages attenants à la ferme, autres pâturages sauf les pâturages d’estivage)	Pascoli (pascoli propri, altri pascoli senza pascoli d’estivazione)	null	null	0	0	Intensive Pasture	Intensive Pasture	Pasture	Grassland	null	91,504	766,127,174	949,313,166	968,496,053	937,976,832	937,968,809	926,985,961	918,395,131
617	Extensiv genutzte Weiden	Extensively managed pastures	Pâturages extensifs	Pascoli estensivi	null	null	1	0	Extensive Pasture	Extensive Pasture	Pasture	Grassland	null	46,760	299,770,455	475,260,998	497,014,416	490,211,132	497,212,454	503,266,158	510,432,423
618	Waldweiden (ohne bewaldete Fläche)	Wooded pastures (excluding forested area)	Pâturages boisés (sauf surfaces boisées)	Pascoli boschivi (senza i boschi)	null	null	1	0	Forest Pasture	Forest Pasture	Pasture	Grassland	null	6,367	28,094,700	67,415,980	71,477,643	68,907,270	69,166,824	69,785,090	70,840,478
621	Heuwiesen im Sömmerungsgebiet, Übrige Wiesen	Hay meadows in summer-grazing regions, other meadows	Prairies de fauche en région d’estivage, autres	Prati da sfalcio nella regione d’estivazione, altri prati	null	null	0	0	Intensive Meadow	Intensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	905	7,588,462	9,424,125	9,484,820	9,238,199	9,327,864	9,262,898	9,051,833
622	Heuwiesen im Sömmerungsgebiet, Typ extensiv genutzte Wiese	Hay meadows in summer-grazing regions, extensively managed type	Prairies de fauche en région d’estivage, type prairie extensive	Prati da sfalcio nella regione d’estivazione, tipo prati sfruttati in modo estensivo	null	null	1	0	Extensive Meadow	Extensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	978	8,787,854	10,454,877	10,590,768	9,502,872	9,661,692	9,817,720	9,665,080
623	Heuwiesen im Sömmerungsgebiet, Typ wenig intensiv genutzte Wiese	Hay meadows in summer-grazing regions, low-intensity managed type	Prairies de fauche en région d’estivage, type prairie peu intensive	Prati da sfalcio nella regione d’estivazione, tipo prati sfruttati in modo poco intensivo	null	null	1	0	Less Intensive Meadow	Less Intensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	288	2,292,586	3,106,190	3,015,914	3,104,278	3,027,529	2,849,722	2,772,008
625	Waldweiden (ohne bewaldete Fläche)	Wooded pastures (excluding forested area)	Pâturages boisés (sauf surfaces boisées)	Pascoli boschivi (senza i boschi)	null	null	0	0	Forest Pasture	Forest Pasture	Pasture	Grassland	null	3,023	12,956,286	32,016,656	33,606,468	32,037,320	32,290,888	34,196,970	34,521,175
631	Futterleguminosen für die Samenproduktion (Vertragsanbau)	Forage legumes for seed production (contract farming)	Légumineuses fourragères destinées à la production de semences (contrat de culture)	Leguminose da foraggio per la produzione di sementi (coltivazione contrattuale)	null	null	0	0	Ley	Ley	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	275	2,705,624	2,604,196	2,973,812	2,571,316	2,550,776	2,781,380	3,048,166
632	Futtergräser für die Samenproduktion (Vertragsanbau)	Forage grasses for seed production (contract farming)	Graminées fourragères destinées à la production de semences (contrat de culture)	Graminacee da foraggio per la produzione di sementi (coltivazione contrattuale)	null	null	0	0	Ley	Ley	Temporary Grassland	Arable Land	null	170	1,145,938	1,276,519	1,768,928	2,106,763	2,030,851	1,920,843	1,661,384
634	Uferwiesen entlang von Fliessgewässern (ohne Weiden)	Riparian meadows along flowing waters (excluding pastures)	Prairies riveraines d’un cours d’eau (sauf les pâturages)	Prati rivieraschi lungo i corsi d'acqua (senza pascoli)	null	2,022	1	0	Extensive Meadow	Extensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	141	1,123,402	1,297,340	1,439,674	1,765,305	0	0	0
635	Uferwiesen (ohne Weiden)	Riparian meadows (excluding pastures)	Prairies riveraines (sauf les pâturages)	Prati rivieraschi (senza pascoli)	2,023	null	1	0	Extensive Meadow	Extensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	433	0	0	0	0	2,632,608	4,522,229	5,832,356
650	Übrige Dauerwiesen, beitragsberechtigt aggregiert	Other permanent meadows, eligible for contributions (aggregated)	Autres prairies permanentes, avec contributions, agrégée	Altra superficie inerbita, con contributi, aggregata	null	2,022	0	0	null	null	null	null	true	0	null	null	null	null	null	null	null
660	Übrige Dauerweiden, beitragsberechtigt aggregiert	Other permanent pastures, eligible for contributions (aggregated)	Autres pâturages permanentes, avec contributions, agrégée	Altri pascoli perenni, con contributi, aggregata	null	2,022	0	0	Intensive Pasture	Intensive Pasture	Pasture	Grassland	null	0	2,868	3,636	3,636	768	122	122	122
693	Regionsspezifische Biodiversitätsförderflächen (Weiden)	Region-specific biodiversity promotion areas (pastures)	Surfaces de promotion de la biodiversité spécifiques à la région (pâturages)	Superfici per la promozione della biodiversità specifiche di una regione (pascoli)	null	null	1	0	Extensive Pasture	Extensive Pasture	Pasture	Grassland	null	40	202,370	205,816	235,140	252,378	599,399	613,028	669,600
694	Regionsspezifische Biodiversitätsförderfläche (Grünflächen ohne Weiden)	Region-specific biodiversity promotion areas (grasslands excluding pastures)	Surfaces de promotion de la biodiversité spécifiques à la région (Surface herbagère, sauf les pâturages)	Superfici per la promozione della biodiversità specifiche di una regione (superfici inerbite, senza pascoli)	null	null	1	0	Extensive Meadow	Extensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	2,941	1,795,302	31,176,687	32,947,915	33,959,326	34,781,315	35,366,833	35,853,339
697	Übrige Grünfläche (Dauergrünfläche), beitragsberechtigt	Other grassland (permanent grassland), eligible for contributions	Autres surfaces herbagères (surface herbagère permanente) avec contributions	Altre superfici (permanentemente) inerbite, con contributi	null	null	0	0	Intensive Meadow	Intensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	259	1,923,219	2,122,439	2,681,194	2,550,952	2,807,975	3,030,310	3,005,568
698	Übrige Grünfläche (Dauergrünflächen), nicht beitragsberechtigt	Other grassland (permanent grassland), not eligible for contributions	Autres surfaces herbagères (surface herbagère permanente) sans contributions	Altre superfici (permanentemente) inerbite, senza contributi	null	null	0	0	Intensive Meadow	Intensive Meadow	Meadow	Grassland	null	644	6,197,593	5,923,983	6,708,909	6,500,280	6,456,061	6,618,231	6,682,957
701	Reben	Vineyards	Vignes	Vigna	null	null	0	1	Vines	Vines	Orchard	Permanent	null	7,885	54,667,446	91,779,580	88,875,586	80,640,738	80,696,938	78,332,193	76,985,323
702	Obstanlagen (Äpfel)	Fruit orchards (apples)	Cultures fruitières (pommes)	Frutteto (mele)	null	null	0	1	Apples	Tree Crops	Orchard	Permanent	null	3,724	31,309,098	40,413,728	37,448,440	36,861,198	38,392,911	38,203,720	38,085,611
703	Obstanlagen (Birnen)	Fruit orchards (pears)	Cultures fruitières (poires)	Frutteto (pere)	null	null	0	1	Pears	Tree Crops	Orchard	Permanent	null	720	4,585,829	7,717,293	7,296,326	7,507,762	7,769,097	7,720,790	7,798,454
704	Obstanlagen (Steinobst)	Fruit orchards (stone fruits)	Cultures fruitières (fruits à noyau)	Frutteto (frutta a nocciolo)	null	null	0	1	Stone Fruit	Tree Crops	Orchard	Permanent	null	1,580	10,398,999	17,134,142	15,980,530	16,039,107	17,140,016	17,027,095	16,902,920

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SwissCrop25

A national benchmark dataset for operational crop mapping in Switzerland, providing Sentinel-2 time series, daily temperature data, and parcel-level crop type labels across seven growing seasons (2019–2025).

Introduced in: SwissCrop25: A National Multi-Year Benchmark for Operational Crop Mapping (TerraBytes II Workshop, ECCV 2026) — [Paper] [Code] [Team]

Dataset Summary

SwissCrop25 is designed to evaluate crop mapping systems under realistic operational conditions. Unlike datasets that focus on a single aspect of the crop mapping problem, SwissCrop25 jointly supports:

Scene completeness: joint cropland delineation and crop type classification
Temporal generalisation: seven-year LOYO evaluation with genuine interannual weather variability
Fine-grained classification: 65-class crop taxonomy including grassland management types
In-season usability: evaluation under progressively truncated time series

The dataset covers the full Swiss territory (41,285 km²) and is derived from Switzerland's official annual agricultural parcel declarations (LNF), the Swiss equivalent of the EU LPIS.

Highlights

🗺️ Nationwide coverage of Switzerland (41,285 km²)
🌱 65 crop classes + 5 non-crop land cover classes
🛰️ Sentinel-2 L2A time series (10 bands, 10 m resolution)
🌡️ Daily cumulative growing degree day (GDD) time series
📅 Seven growing seasons (2019–2025)
📦 >12.6 million labelled parcel-years across 163,185 image cubes
🧩 128 × 128 pixel cubes at 10 m (1.28 km × 1.28 km)
📐 HCAT4-compatible taxonomy (EuroCrops-compatible)

Data Structure

SwissCrop25 is stored in WebDataset format — sequential tar archives that enable efficient streaming during distributed training without requiring random-access storage. Each modality is organised into annual folders of 120 shards.

In addition, Kerchunk index files are provided for every tar shard. Kerchunk exposes byte-range and offset metadata for each individual tile, enabling direct random access to any cube without extracting the full archive. This makes the dataset efficient for both streaming (WebDataset) and indexed access (Kerchunk), and well-suited for HPC environments where parallel I/O and scratch-storage constraints would otherwise limit large-scale dataset use.

sentinel2/
  {year}/         # 2019–2025
    {year}_001.tar ... {year}_120.tar
  {year}.json     # Kerchunk index for that year

temperature/
  {year}/
    {year}_001.tar ... {year}_120.tar
  {year}.json

labels/
  {year}/
    {year}_001.tar ... {year}_120.tar
  {year}.json

metadata/
  crop_classes.csv            # Class hierarchy, LNF codes, per-year area statistics
  swisscrop25_to_hcat4.csv    # Mapping from SwissCrop25 labels to HCAT4 taxonomy
  tiles.parquet               # TODO: cube boundaries (geometry, cube_id, UTM tile, year)

Sentinel-2

10 spectral bands: B02, B03, B04, B05, B06, B07, B08, B8A, B11, B12 (visible, red-edge, NIR, SWIR). All bands resampled to 10 m. Imagery is BRDF-corrected and sourced from Microsoft Planetary Computer. Each observation includes two cloud masks: the native Sentinel-2 SCL flag and the multi-class CloudSEN12+ score.

Shape per cube: (T, 10, 128, 128), where T is the number of available observations.

Temperature

Per-cube cumulative growing degree day (GDD) time series derived from MeteoSwiss gridded daily mean temperature (1 km resolution), accumulated from 1 January with base temperature 0 °C.

Shape per cube: (T,), aligned to the Sentinel-2 observation timestamps.

Labels

Parcel-level crop type labels rasterised at 10 m using a fractional coverage approach. Label values are integers in [0, 70]: 0 is background (unlabelled), 1–65 are crop classes, 66–70 are non-crop land cover classes (forest, water, built-up, unproductive land, wetland).

Shape per cube: (128, 128).

Labels

Sources

Crop labels are derived from the Swiss Agricultural Cultivated Areas dataset (LNF, Landwirtschaftliche Nutzfläche), compiled from annual cantonal land-use declarations and published by the Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG). The LNF assigns a single crop or land-use code to each parcel per year based on the primary crop declared by 1 June. Because declarations reflect planting intent, the recorded code may occasionally differ from realised agricultural use (e.g., grain vs. silage maize, determined at harvest).

Non-crop land cover classes are sourced from the Swiss national topographic landscape model (swissTLM3D, Federal Office of Topography swisstopo).

Class Hierarchy

The 140 raw LNF codes are aggregated into 70 classes for training and evaluation (65 crop + 5 non-crop), with 8 codes excluded due to insufficient temporal coverage, low sample counts, or ambiguous mixed-culture definitions.

Agricultural classes are organised in a four-level hierarchy:

Level	Count	Description
lv1 (leaf)	65	Output classes used for training and evaluation
lv2	59	Intermediate crop types
lv3	22	Crop-type groups
lv4	8	Top-level categories (arable, grassland, permanent, …)

All 65 crop classes are additionally mapped to HCAT4, enabling compatibility with EuroCrops and EU LPIS datasets (metadata/swisscrop25_to_hcat4.csv).

The full class list, LNF codes, hierarchy, and per-year area statistics are provided in metadata/crop_classes.csv.

Class Distribution

The dataset exhibits a pronounced long-tail distribution spanning nearly five orders of magnitude (class imbalance ratio >180,000:1), from dominant classes such as Intensive Meadow and Winter Wheat to minority crops such as Safflower and Tobacco. This imbalance reflects the actual structure of Swiss agriculture and is intentionally preserved.

Per-year Statistics

Year	Parcels	Cubes	Coverage
2019	740,597	10,546	Partial
2020	1,536,321	21,439	Partial
2021	2,023,603	26,089	Complete
2022	2,004,326	26,089	Complete
2023	2,074,936	26,089	Complete
2024	2,116,874	26,090	Complete
2025	2,146,317	26,843	Complete
Total	12,642,978	163,185

Partial years exclude cantons with <90% LNF coverage relative to their maximum observed extent.

Evaluation Protocol

SwissCrop25 defines a five-fold leave-one-year-out (LOYO) protocol:

Split	Test year	Val year	Train years
S1	2021	2020	2019, 2022–2025
S2	2022	2021	2019–2020, 2023–2025
S3	2023	2022	2019–2021, 2024–2025
S4	2024	2023	2019–2022, 2025
S5	2025	2024	2019–2023

2019–2020 are used as additional training data only due to incomplete national coverage.

Evaluation proceeds in two stages:

Binary cropland mask (agricultural vs. non-agricultural): IoU_ag, precision, recall, F1
Crop type classification (65 classes, restricted to agricultural pixels): OA, GIoU, mIoU, mF1

OA and GIoU are micro-averaged; mIoU and mF1 are macro-averaged over crop classes.

Benchmarks

Results for three architectures under the LOYO protocol (mean ± std across five splits, best temporal encoding configuration per model):

Model	OA (%)	GIoU (%)	mIoU (%)	mF1 (%)
U-TAE	77.7 ± 1.5	63.5 ± 2.0	35.8 ± 2.3	45.7 ± 2.4
TSViT	77.1 ± 1.2	62.7 ± 1.6	48.1 ± 2.7	60.7 ± 2.5
Galileo-nano (FT)	72.9 ± 1.3	57.4 ± 1.6	30.4 ± 2.2	41.1 ± 2.5

Full per-split and per-class results are reported in the paper. Reproduction code: github.com/thomaslauber/SwissCrop25.

License

Released under CC BY 4.0.

You may share and adapt the data, including for commercial use, provided you give appropriate credit as described below.

Attribution

When using this dataset, please cite:

Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-2 data 2019–2025, processed by Agroscope.
Contains data from MeteoSwiss (Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology), Open Government Data.
Contains cantonal agricultural land-use data (Nutzungsflächen / Surfaces d'utilisation / Superfici d'utilizzazione) from all 26 Swiss cantons (AG, AI, AR, BE, BL, BS, FR, GE, GL, GR, JU, LU, NE, NW, OW, SG, SH, SO, SZ, TG, TI, UR, VD, VS, ZG, ZH), obtained via geodienste.ch, snapshot dates 2019–2025. Cantons with specific attribution requirements:
- Quelle: Nutzungsflächen, Kanton Graubünden
- Fonte: Amministrazione cantonale - Canton Ticino
- Source: Géodonnées Etat de Vaud
- Kanton St.Gallen
- Kanton Nidwalden, Amt für Landwirtschaft
- Kanton Obwalden, Amt für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt

Disclaimer

Data provided as is, without warranty. Not for navigation or legally-binding use. Contains no personal or farm-identifying attributes.

Citation

@misc{lauber2026swisscrop25nationalmultiyearbenchmark,
  title         = {SwissCrop25: A National Multi-Year Benchmark for Operational Crop Mapping},
  author        = {Thomas Lauber and Mehmet Ozgur Turkoglu and Sélène Ledain and Helge Aasen},
  year          = {2026},
  eprint        = {2608.09497},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  primaryClass  = {cs.CV},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09497}
}

Contact

Thomas Lauber — thomas.lauber@agroscope.admin.ch
Helge Aasen — helge.aasen@agroscope.admin.ch
Earth Observation of Agroecosystems Team, Agroscope

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Paper for EOA-team/SwissCrop25

SwissCrop25: A National Multi-Year Benchmark for Operational Crop Mapping

Paper • 2608.09497 • Published 1 day ago