| --- |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| pretty_name: Olfactory Perception (OP) Benchmark |
| language: |
| - en |
| - ar |
| - bn |
| - de |
| - el |
| - es |
| - fa |
| - fr |
| - hi |
| - it |
| - ja |
| - ko |
| - pl |
| - pt |
| - ru |
| - sv |
| - sw |
| - tr |
| - uk |
| - zh |
| task_categories: |
| - question-answering |
| tags: |
| - olfaction |
| - smell |
| - chemistry |
| - SMILES |
| - benchmark |
| - llm-evaluation |
| size_categories: |
| - 1K<n<10K |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: Benchmark/OP_Benchmark.csv |
| dataset_info: |
| config_name: default |
| features: |
| - name: question_ID |
| dtype: string |
| - name: compound.name_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: SMILES_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: compound.name_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: SMILES_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: OPTIONS |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question_category |
| dtype: string |
| - name: prompt.1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: prompt.2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: other_info |
| dtype: string |
| --- |
| |
| # Olfactory Perception (OP) Benchmark |
|
|
| The OP benchmark evaluates what large language models know about smell. It contains **1,010 questions** across eight task categories, each asked in two formats: with **compound names** and with **isomeric SMILES**. |
|
|
| | Task | Code | Questions | Format | |
| |---|---|---|---| |
| | Odor classification | OC | 175 | Odorous / odorless | |
| | Odor primary descriptor | OPD | 175 | 1 of 4 descriptors | |
| | Odor intensity | OIn | 175 | Which of two compounds is more intense (+ 0–100 ratings) | |
| | Odor pleasantness | OPl | 175 | Which of two compounds is more pleasant (+ 0–100 ratings) | |
| | Rate-all-that-apply | RATA | 100 | All applicable descriptors from 138 | |
| | Odor similarity of mixtures | OS | 100 | 4-level similarity (+ 0–1 distance) | |
| | Olfactory receptor activation | ORA | 80 | All activated receptors from 4–10 candidates | |
| | Smell identification test | SIT | 30 | 1 of 4 odor sources | |
|
|
| The release also includes the RATA task translated into 20 further languages (`Benchmark/4-Intermediate_1/Translations_GPT5.2/`). |
|
|
| - **Paper:** *Benchmark for Assessing Olfactory Perception of Large Language Models*, NeurIPS 2026 (Evaluations and Datasets Track) |
| - **Code, prompts, evaluation and analysis scripts:** https://github.com/Satarifard/Olfactory-Perception-Benchmark |
| - **Authors:** Eftychia Makri (Yale University), Nikolaos Nakis (Yale University), Laura Sisson (Patina), Geetanjali Minsky (MIT Media Lab), Leandros Tassiulas (Yale University), Vahid Satarifard (Yale University), Nicholas A. Christakis (Yale University) |
| - **Contact:** eftychia.makri@yale.edu, vahid.satarifard@yale.edu |
|
|
| ## Columns |
|
|
| | Column | Description | |
| |---|---| |
| | `question_ID` | Unique question identifier (UUID) | |
| | `question_category` | `odor_classification`, `primary_odor_descriptor`, `odor_intensity`, `odor_pleasantness`, `rata`, `mixture_similarity`, `or_activation`, or `smell_identification` | |
| | `compound.name_1`, `SMILES_1` | First compound, or first mixture (semicolon-separated) | |
| | `compound.name_2`, `SMILES_2` | Second compound or mixture (paired and mixture tasks only) | |
| | `OPTIONS` | Answer options (semicolon-separated) | |
| | `prompt.1` | Full prompt with isomeric SMILES | |
| | `prompt.2` | Full prompt with compound names | |
| | `answer` | Ground-truth answer (semicolon-separated for RATA and ORA) | |
| | `other_info` | Supplementary values, e.g. human ratings for OIn/OPl | |
|
|
|
|
| ## Sources |
|
|
| Questions are built from: Mayhew et al. 2022 (OC); the IFRA Fragrance Ingredient Glossary, 2020 (OPD); Keller et al. 2017 (OIn, OPl); GS-LF as used by Lee et al. 2023 (RATA); Snitz et al. 2013, Bushdid et al. 2014, and Ravia et al. 2020 (OS); M2OR, Lalis et al. 2024 (ORA); and the Leibniz-LSB@TUM Odorant Database, Kreissl et al. 2022 (SIT). Please cite the original sources as well when using the corresponding tasks. |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| CC BY 4.0. |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @inproceedings{makri2026op, |
| title = {Benchmark for Assessing Olfactory Perception of Large Language Models}, |
| author = {Makri, Eftychia and Nakis, Nikolaos and Sisson, Laura and Minsky, Geetanjali and Tassiulas, Leandros and Satarifard, Vahid and Christakis, Nicholas A.}, |
| booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), Evaluations and Datasets Track}, |
| year = {2026} |
| } |
| ``` |
