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values | reported_outcome stringclasses 2
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values | mass_loading_text stringclasses 1
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value | theoretical_capacity float64 1.8 3.58k ⌀ | theoretical_capacity_unit stringclasses 8
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values | protocol.current_density_text null | cathode_conductive_additive stringclasses 27
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values | protocol.cv_hold stringclasses 28
values | cathode_binder stringclasses 10
values | cathode_mass_loading float64 0.6 153 ⌀ | cathode_mass_loading_unit stringclasses 4
values | cathode_mass_loading_text null | protocol.capacity_limit float64 0.1 1k ⌀ | protocol.capacity_limit_unit stringclasses 8
values | protocol.capacity_limit_text stringclasses 2
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values | anode_mass_loading_text null | protocol.cv_hold.cutoff_current float64 0.01 25 ⌀ | protocol.cv_hold.cutoff_current_unit stringclasses 3
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values | coating.amount float64 1 31.7 ⌀ | coating.amount_unit stringclasses 4
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value | second_active_material stringclasses 5
values | second_active_material_role stringclasses 6
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values | fields_not_reported listlengths 17 53 | fields_not_applicable listlengths 6 47 | fields_underspecified listlengths 0 5 | fields_not_applied listlengths 0 6 | measurements listlengths 0 20 | test_protocol_steps listlengths 0 6 | processing_steps listlengths 0 15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2657359f-d199-5d34-a7e4-84a937ce4077 | 5ec409bd-0cd6-5a73-94fb-aa7b450cc173 | 2017 | lithium_sulfur | success | Thin Co9S8/sulfur cathode (1.5 mg cm-2, E/S 15:1) in a Li-S half cell, LiTFSI in DOL/DME 1:1, 1.8–3.0 V, cycled at C/2 | Delivered 890 mA h g-1 at C/2 and 1130 mA h g-1 at C/20, with fading of only 0.045% per cycle over 1500 cycles | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | Co9S8/S75 | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | null | coin | BT2000 battery cycler (Arbin Instruments) | LiTFSI | DOL/DME (1:1, v/v) | Li metal strip | 1 | M | null | 3 | V | CC | 1.8 | V | 0.5 | C | null | Celgard® 3501 | 0.5 | C | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | sulfur composites parts; Super P parts; PVDF binder parts | null | Super P | null | null | null | null | drop- casting or doctor blading | melt-diffusion | LiNO3 | interconnected nanosheet structure | PVDF | DMF | 1.5 | mg/cm2 | null | null | null | 1,675 | mAh/g | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"test_setup",
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"calendar_a... | [
"formation_cycles",
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] | [] | [
{
"variable": "specific_capacity",
"value": 890,
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"unit": "C"
},
"cycle_number": {
"state": "not_reported"
},
"capacity_type": {
"value": "discharge"
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{
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"charge_rate": 0.05,
"charge_rate_unit": "C",
"discharge_rate": 0.05,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
"source": "§3.6, p. 114"
},
{
"step": 2,
"cycles": null,
"cycles_text": ">1500 cycles",
"source": "§3.8,... | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "wet_synthesis",
"description": "microwave solvothermal method",
"temperature": 160,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": 90,
"duration_unit": "minutes",
"source": "§3.2.1, p. 100; §3.2.1, p. 101"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "heat_treatment",
... |
e01c35c0-7663-51ca-8ad2-64965e8d6190 | 5ec409bd-0cd6-5a73-94fb-aa7b450cc173 | 2017 | lithium_sulfur | success | Thick Co9S8/sulfur cathode (4.5 mg cm-2, E/S 10:1, SBR/CMC binder) in a Li-S half cell, LiTFSI in DOL/DME 1:1, 1.8–3.0 V | Reached 4.3 mA h cm-2 at C/20 and cycled stably for 150 cycles at C/5 | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | Co9S8/S75 | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | null | coin | BT2000 battery cycler (Arbin Instruments) | LiTFSI | DOL/DME (1:1, v/v) | Li metal strip | 1 | M | null | 3 | V | CC | 1.8 | V | 0.2 | C | null | Celgard® 3501 | 0.2 | C | null | null | null | null | null | carbon paper (AvCarb P50) | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | sulfur composites parts; Super P parts; graphene (ACS Materials) parts; styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) aqueous binder parts; carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder parts | null | Super P, graphene | null | null | null | null | doctor-blade coated onto carbon paper (AvCarb P50) | melt-diffusion | LiNO3 | null | SBR/CMC | deionized water and DMF (2:1 v/v) | 4.5 | mg/cm2 | null | null | null | 1,675 | mAh/g | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"test_setup",
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"morphology_descriptors",
"electrolyte_volume",
"electrolyte_to_capacity_ratio",
"areal_capa... | [
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"calendar_a... | [
"formation_cycles",
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] | [] | [
{
"variable": "areal_capacity",
"value": 4.3,
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"c_rate": {
"value": 0.05,
"unit": "C"
},
"cycle_number": {
"value": null,
"value_text": "Initial"
},
"capacity_type": {
"stat... | [
{
"step": 1,
"cycles": null,
"cycles_text": "underspecified",
"charge_rate": 0.05,
"charge_rate_unit": "C",
"discharge_rate": 0.05,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
"source": "§3.6, p. 114"
},
{
"step": 2,
"cycles": null,
"cycles_text": ">150 cycles",
"source": "§3.7, ... | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "wet_synthesis",
"description": "microwave solvothermal method",
"temperature": 160,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": 90,
"duration_unit": "minutes",
"source": "§3.2.1, p. 100; §3.2.1, p. 101"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "heat_treatment",
... |
dde67be8-36ca-5f7a-8aa0-c041c77e910b | 5ec409bd-0cd6-5a73-94fb-aa7b450cc173 | 2017 | lithium_sulfur | success | N,S dual-doped cellulose-derived carbon/sulfur cathode in a Li-S half cell, LiTFSI in DOL/DME 1:1, 1.7–3.0 V, cycled at 2C | Delivered 830 mA h g-1 and kept 365 mA h g-1 after 1100 cycles (0.052% fade per cycle); average voltages 2.4 V and 2.1 V | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | NSC/S-70 | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | null | coin | BT2000 battery cycler (Arbin Instruments) | LiTFSI | DOL/DME (1:1, v/v) | Li metal strip | 1 | M | null | 3 | V | CC | 1.7 | V | 2 | C | null | Celgard® 3501 | 2 | C | null | null | null | null | null | carbon paper disk (2 cm2, AvCarb P50) | 2 | cm2 | null | null | 50 | µL | null | Sulfur composites parts; Super P parts; Kynar Powerflex binder (PVDF) parts | null | Super P | null | null | null | null | drop-cast onto carbon paper disk | melt-diffusion | LiNO3 | null | Kynar Powerflex binder (PVDF) | DMF | 1.4 | mg/cm2 | null | 1 | null | 1,675 | mAh/g | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"test_setup",
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"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"morphology_descriptors",
"electrolyte_to_capacity_ratio",
"areal_capacity_loading",
"compon... | [
"coating",
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"calendar_a... | [
"assembly_atmosphere"
] | [] | [
{
"variable": "specific_capacity",
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"unit": "mAh/g",
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"unit": "C"
},
"cycle_number": {
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},
"capacity_type": {
"value": "discharge"
}
... | [
{
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"voltage_window_lower_unit": "V",
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"voltage_window_upper_unit": "V",
"source": "§4.6, p. 140;... | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "heat_treatment",
"description": "pyrolysis",
"temperature": 900,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": 6,
"duration_unit": "h",
"atmosphere": "Ar flow",
"rate": 2,
"rate_unit": "oC/min",
"source": "§4.2.1, p. 123; §4.2.1, p. 124"
},
{
"s... |
c18434f6-fdca-5fa6-a113-ad3ce0122810 | 5ec409bd-0cd6-5a73-94fb-aa7b450cc173 | 2017 | lithium_sulfur | success | Thin g-C3N4/sulfur cathode in a Li-S half cell, LiTFSI in DOL/DME 1:1, 1.8–3.0 V, cycled at C/2 | First-cycle capacity of 855 mA h g-1 with fade of 0.04% per cycle across 1500 cycles | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | g-C3N4/S75 | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | null | coin | BT2000 battery cycler (Arbin Instruments) | LiTFSI | DOL/DME (1:1, v/v) | Li metal strip | 1 | M | null | 3 | V | CC | 1.8 | V | 0.5 | C | null | Celgard® 3501 | 0.5 | C | null | Ar | null | null | null | carbon paper (AvCarb P50) | 16 | cm | null | null | null | null | null | sulfur composites parts; Super P parts; PVDF binder parts | null | Super P | null | null | null | null | drop- casting or doctor blading | melt-diffusion | LiNO3 | null | PVDF | DMF | 1.5 | mg/cm2 | null | 1 | null | 1,675 | mAh/g | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"test_setup",
"material.crystal_structure",
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"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"morphology_descriptors",
"electrolyte_volume",
"electrolyte_to_capacity_ratio",
"areal_capa... | [
"coating",
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"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [] | [] | [
{
"variable": "specific_capacity",
"value": 855,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "mAh/g",
"conditions": {
"c_rate": {
"value": 0.5,
"unit": "C"
},
"cycle_number": {
"value": null,
"value_text": "first-cycle"
},
"capacity_type": {
"... | [
{
"step": 1,
"cycles": 1,
"charge_rate": 0.05,
"charge_rate_unit": "C",
"discharge_rate": 0.05,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
"source": "§5.6, p. 162"
},
{
"step": 2,
"cycles": 1500,
"source": "§5.6, p. 164"
}
] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "heat_treatment",
"description": "thermal condensation",
"temperature": 550,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": 4,
"duration_unit": "h",
"rate": 4,
"rate_unit": "°C/min",
"source": "§5.2.1, p. 148"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "heat_tr... |
e5c6f421-946e-5315-af89-3a6973058ce2 | 5ec409bd-0cd6-5a73-94fb-aa7b450cc173 | 2017 | lithium_sulfur | success | Composite sulfur cathode with cross-linked CMC-CA binder, 10.2 mg cm-2, E/S 4:1, in a Li-S half cell with LiTFSI in DOL/DME 1:1 | Initial 10.8 mA h cm-2 at 0.5 mA cm-2 and 6.0 mA h cm-2 retained over 50 cycles at 1.0 mA cm-2; 1000 mA h g-1 also reported | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | NG-CN/S | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | null | coin | BT2000 battery cycler (Arbin Instruments) | LiTFSI | DOL/DME (1:1, v/v) | Li metal strip | 1 | M | null | null | null | CC | null | null | 1 | mA/cm2 | null | Celgard® 3501 | 1 | mA/cm2 | null | null | null | null | null | AvCarb P50 paper | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | NG-CN/S composite parts; CMC parts; citric acid parts; carbon nanotubes (CNTs, diameter 8 nm) parts; Super P parts | null | carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Super P | 195 | µm | null | null | doctor blade | melt-diffusion approach | LiNO3 | flat and free of cracks | CMC, citric acid | H2O and DMF (3:2, v/v) | 10.2 | mg/cm2 | null | 1 | null | 1,675 | mAh/g | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"test_setup",
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
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"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
"voltage_reference",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"electrolyte_volume",
"electrolyte_to_capaci... | [
"coating",
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"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [
"assembly_atmosphere"
] | [] | [
{
"variable": "areal_capacity",
"value": 10.8,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "mAh/cm2",
"conditions": {
"current_density": {
"value": 0.5,
"unit": "mA/cm2"
},
"cycle_number": {
"value": null,
"value_text": "initial"
},
"capacity_type": {... | [
{
"step": 1,
"cycles": 1,
"current_density": 0.5,
"current_density_unit": "mA/cm2",
"source": "§6.6, p. 187"
},
{
"step": 2,
"cycles": null,
"cycles_text": ">50 cycles",
"source": "§6.6, p. 190"
}
] | [
{
"step": 1,
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"temperature": 550,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": 4,
"duration_unit": "h",
"rate": 4,
"rate_unit": "°C/min",
"source": "§6.2.1, p. 173"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "heat_treatmen... |
0ddfff44-d1df-56e8-a7b9-332b33fa7e5d | 5ec409bd-0cd6-5a73-94fb-aa7b450cc173 | 2017 | lithium_sulfur | success | Bulk sulfur cathode with an ACN2-LiTFSI solvate electrolyte diluted by TTE (50:50), 1.2–3.0 V, 55 ˚C, C/30 | Sulfur utilization reached 1435 mA h gs-1, with small polarization and coulombic efficiency close to 100% | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | bulk sulfur | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | null | coin | Maccor series 4400 battery tester | LiTFSI | ACN, TTE (50:50) | Li foil | null | null | null | 3 | V | CC | 1.2 | V | 0.03333 | C | null | two sheets of 2325 CelgardTM | 0.03333 | C | null | Ar | 55 | °C | null | Al | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | bulk sulfur wt%; conductive carbon (Timcal Super C45) wt%; PVDF binder wt% | null | Timcal Super C45 | null | null | null | null | cast from a slurry | null | null | null | PVDF | DMF | 1.2 | mg/cm2 | null | null | null | 1,675 | mAh/g | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"test_setup",
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"voltage_reference",
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_molarity",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"synthesis_method",
"morphology_descriptors",
"electrolyte_volume",
"el... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
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"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
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"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [] | [
"electrolyte_additive"
] | [
{
"variable": "specific_capacity",
"value": 1435,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "mA h gs-1",
"conditions": {
"c_rate": {
"value": 0.033330000000000005,
"unit": "C"
},
"cycle_number": {
"value": null,
"value_text": "First cycle"
},
"capac... | [] | [] |
f6910978-cade-5766-bf4a-9f9fbc1a19b8 | 23d7865a-f451-5876-96af-b5efe2964886 | 2016 | li_ion_anodes | failure | In-operando Zn electrodeposition in a Zn-air cell with KOH/ZnO electrolyte and a porous hydrophilic polypropylene separator, room temperature | Zn dendrites pierced the membrane, and by 656 s of deposition the cell was fully short-circuited, halting further deposition | short_circuit | cell_test | Regrown dendrites reconnecting with fallen dendrites on the membrane intensified partial short circuits | stated | subject | Zn|full cell | Zn | cell_test | zinc rod | Zn-air | full cell | aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | in-operando experiments with a micro porous hydrophilic polypropylene membrane separator between the zinc and carbon electrodes | in-situ X-ray tomography electrochemical cell, 6 mm wide Kapton® polyimide tube | VERTEX, (Ivium, Eindhoven, Netherlands) potentiostat | KOH and ZnO | water | dense carbon hollow tube | 5 | M | null | null | null | CC | null | null | null | null | null | micro porous hydrophilic polypropylene membrane separator | null | null | null | null | null | null | room temperature | null | 200 | µm | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 100 | µm | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 10 | mA | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
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"voltage_window_upper",
"voltage_reference",
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_additive",
"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
"anode_mass_loading",
... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
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"stack_pressure",
"mass_loading",
"conductive_additive",
"binder",
"calendar_aging_duration",
"protocol.capacity_limit",
"protocol.cv_hold"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "machined into a tip",
"description": "end of the zinc anode machined into a tip",
"source": "§3.3, p. 80"
}
] |
1ff5e7ae-0c77-56bc-8100-5a30df85ccc9 | 23d7865a-f451-5876-96af-b5efe2964886 | 2016 | li_ion_anodes | failure | In-operando X-ray radiography of a custom silicon-carbon vs Li half cell with LiTFSI in PYR14 TFSI during first lithiation at 100 μA (2.39 mA/cm2) | The electrode delaminated from the Cu current collector and cracked through its thickness, losing 44.1% contact area, while potential dropped quickly as contact resistance rose | mechanical_failure | cell_test | Expansion during lithiation produced severe delamination | stated | subject | Si/C|half cell | Si-C | cell_test | silicon-carbon mixture | Li-ion | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic charge | customized Si-Li half-cell | kapton® polyimide tube, 6mm in diameter and 53 mm in length | Ivium VERTEX (Ivium, Eindhoven, Netherlands) potentiostat | LiTFSI | PYR14 TFSI | lithium metal | 0.3 | M | null | null | null | CC | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Ar | null | null | null | Copper rods | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Copper rods | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 2.39 | mA/cm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"operating_temperature",
"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
"voltage_reference",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_additive",
"separator_type",
"mass_loading",
"conductive_additive",
"binder",
"electrode_solvent",
"electrode_solve... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis",
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
"stack_pressure",
"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
"anode_mass_loading",
"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"sec... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "coating_deposition",
"description": "Copper current collector dip-coated in silicon-carbon slurry",
"source": "§3.4, p. 87"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "drying",
"description": "drying in a furnace",
"source": "§3.4, p. 87"
}
] |
936a6160-8871-5de4-976d-3277835817f3 | 23d7865a-f451-5876-96af-b5efe2964886 | 2016 | li_ion_anodes | success | Membrane-free Zn-air cell (Zn rod tip vs carbon tube) in 5 M KOH with 0.15 M ZnO, imaged by in-operando synchrotron X-ray tomography | Imaging captured Zn dendrite growth, dissolution and regrowth at high resolution, giving unique insight into dendrite formation | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Zn|half cell | Zn | cell_test | zinc rod | Zn-air | half cell | aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | in-situ X-ray tomography electrochemical cell: Zn rod tip anode, dense carbon hollow tube cathode, no membrane, 5 M KOH + 0.15 M ZnO; in-operando SXCT radiography/tomography at Diamond I13-2 | in-situ X-ray tomography electrochemical cell inside a 6 mm wide Kapton® polyimide tube | Ivium VERTEX potentiostat | KOH and ZnO | water | dense carbon hollow tube | 5 | M | null | null | null | CC | null | null | 10 | mA | null | null | 10 | mA | null | null | null | null | room temperature | null | 200 | µm | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | machined into a tip of c.a. 200 m diameter | null | null | dense “forest” of dendrites | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
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"formation_cycles",
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"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_additive",
"mass_loading",
"conductive_additive",
"binder",
"electrode_solvent",
"electrode_solvent.anod... | [
"coating",
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"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [] | [
"separator_type"
] | [] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "machined",
"description": "end of the zinc anode machined into a tip",
"source": "§3.3, p. 80"
}
] |
0b5ff141-b35f-5a73-9aa6-b38369166c1d | 23d7865a-f451-5876-96af-b5efe2964886 | 2016 | li_ion_anodes | success | Silicon-carbon electrode on a Cu cone tip vs Li, 0.3 M LiTFSI in PYR14 TFSI, lithiated at 100 µA (2.39 mA cm-2) for about 1 h under lab X-ray tomography | A new cell design was developed that successfully captured in-operando imaging of the electrode during lithiation | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Si/C|half cell | Si/C | cell_test | silicon-carbon mixture | Li-ion | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic charge | customized Si-Li half-cell for in-operando lab-source X-ray imaging (GE Phoenix v|tome|x) | kapton® polyimide tube sealed with Torr® epoxy | Ivium VERTEX potentiostat | LiTFSI | PYR14 TFSI | lithium metal | 0.3 | M | null | null | null | CC | null | null | 100 | µA | null | null | null | null | null | Ar | null | null | null | Copper rods | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Copper rods | Copper current collector dip-coated in silicon-carbon slurry, then furnace-dried | null | null | intrinsic porosity within the silicon electrode | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
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"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
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"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_additive",
"separator_type",
"mass_loading",
"conductive_additive",
"binder",
"electrode_solvent",
"electrode_solve... | [
"coating",
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"cathode_binder",
"anode_mass_loading",
"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"sec... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "coating_deposition",
"description": "Copper current collector dip-coated in silicon-carbon slurry",
"source": "§3.4, p. 87"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "drying",
"description": "drying in a furnace",
"source": "§3.4, p. 87"
}
] |
b2954a57-27cd-52b6-a889-621d58cb116c | f9d104bf-6bd1-5047-a7e1-aa26ae22c569 | 2017 | lithium_sulfur | failure | Pre-cycling open-circuit potential measurement on four identical Li-S cells: Li metal anode; 1 M LiTFSI electrolyte in TEGDME:DOL 1:1 (v:v); a pair of glass-fibre separators; cathode of sulfur/acetylene black/PTFE | One cell out of four was found short-circuited and never cycled, while the other three showed open-circuit potentials above 3 V | short_circuit | cell_test | not_reported | none | subject | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | sulfur/acetylene black/PTFE composite positive electrode [S8] | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | ocv_measurement | Swagelok Li-S cell: lithium metal negative electrode, LiTFSI 1 M in TEGDME:DOL, a pair of glass-fibre separators, positive electrode of sulfur/acetylene black/PTFE | Swagelok | multichannel potentiostat (VMP2 or MPG, Bio-Logic) | LiTFSI | TEGDME:DOL (1:1 v:v) | lithium metal | 1 | M | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | two glass-fibre separators (GF/F, Whatman®) | null | null | null | Ar | null | null | null | stainless steel | 11 | mm | null | null | 0.125 | mL | null | ball milled composite (25 wt% sulfur) wt%; PTFE wt% | null | acetylene black | 80 | µm | null | stainless steel | null | null | null | null | PTFE | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 4.4 | mAh/cm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
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"electrolyte_additive",
"mass_loading",
"electrode_solvent",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"synthesis_me... | [
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"anode_mass_loading",
"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"sec... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "drying",
"description": "LiTFSI dried under vacuum (< 0.2 mbar)",
"temperature": 130,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": null,
"duration_text": "≥48 hours",
"atmosphere": "vacuum (< 0.2 mbar)",
"source": "§2.1.1, p. 61"
},
{
"step": 2,
"s... |
118806e0-2bae-5860-9b68-272ae3e3c0a3 | f9d104bf-6bd1-5047-a7e1-aa26ae22c569 | 2017 | lithium_sulfur | failure | Li-S coin cell with a commercial positive electrode, lithium metal negative and 0.2 M LiTFSI in DOL, cycled 1.9–2.6 V | Cell died after about 60 cycles, fading to roughly 40 mA h gS-1, while cells with 2 M LiTFSI lasted at least 200 cycles | degradation | cell_test | Higher salt concentrations suppress polysulfide shuttling through lower polysulfide solubility and higher viscosity, implying stronger shuttling at 0.2 M | hedged | subject | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | Oxis positive electrode | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | Li-S coin cell, Oxis positive electrode, one glass-fibre separator, two PP separators, 0.2 M LiTFSI in DOL, lithium metal negative electrode | coin | multichannel potentiostat (MACCOR 6) | LiTFSI | DOL | lithium metal (China energy) | 0.2 | M | null | 2.6 | V | CC | 1.9 | V | 0.2 | C | null | one glass-fibre separator (GF/C), two Toray T20 polypropylene separators | 0.2 | C | null | Ar | null | null | null | null | 13.9 | mm | null | null | null | null | C/10 rate (i.e. i = 167.2 mA gS −1) | null | null | null | 100 | µm | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 2.5 | mAh/cm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 33 | µL/mAh | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
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"conductive_additive",
"binder",
"electrode_solvent",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"synth... | [
"coating",
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"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [
"electrolyte_volume"
] | [] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"cycles": null,
"cycles_text": "first",
"discharge_rate": 0.1,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
"charge_rate": 0.1,
"charge_rate_unit": "C",
"source": "§4.3.8, p. 145"
},
{
"step": 2,
"charge_rate": 0.2,
"charge_rate_unit": "C",
"discharge_rate": 0.2,
... | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "drying",
"description": "LiTFSI dried under vacuum (< 0.2 mbar)",
"temperature": 130,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": null,
"duration_text": "≥48 hours",
"atmosphere": "vacuum (< 0.2 mbar)",
"source": "§2.1.1, p. 61"
}
] |
788a452a-0487-5d07-89a0-56765bd2f1d6 | 5b2f1114-f1ce-526f-b1fe-734ce5198439 | 2018 | lithium_sulfur | failure | Interdigitated laser-induced graphene Li-S full cell with LiTFSI in EMImTFSI, cycled 1.5–3 V | Capacity dropped quickly from about 250 to about 42 mAh/g after the first cycle, roughly 17% retention | interfacial_failure | cell_test | Loss of recoverable Li consumed by SEI formation during the first cycle | hedged | subject | Sulfur|full cell | Sulfur | cell_test | sulfur [S] | Li-S | full cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | LSFB full cell | interdigitated | BTS 3000, Neware | LiTFSI | EMImTFSI | Li | 1 | M | null | 3 | V | CC | 1.5 | V | 0.1 | C | null | PI | 0.1 | C | null | Ar | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 3.9 | mg/cm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"operating_temperature",
"voltage_reference",
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_additive",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
"anode_mass_loading",
"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
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"stack_pressure",
"mass_loading",
"conductive_additive",
"binder",
"calendar_aging_duration",
"protocol.capacity_limit",
"protocol.cv_hold"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "laser-patterning",
"description": "laser-patterning of the electrodes",
"source": "§2.3.1, p. 35"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "coating_deposition",
"description": "LIG electrode surfaces can act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for sulfur crystals",
"... |
33bfef6c-df98-5a22-9002-d16450bfed3d | de13fdcd-f970-54d5-b49f-5691ca286486 | 2019 | electrolytes | success | In situ MRI cell (Li vs graphite, 2.43 mm) with 1.00 M LiPF6 in EC/PC/DMC 5:2:3, polarized at 10, 25 and 40 °C | Steady-state concentration gradients formed without salt precipitation, taking 175, 145 and 85 minutes | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | 1.00 M LiPF6 in EC/PC/DMC, 5:2:3 (v/v)|half cell | 1.00 M LiPF6 in EC/PC/DMC, 5:2:3 (v/v) | cell_test | 1.00 M LiPFl in EC/PC/DMC, 5:2:3 (v/v) | Li-ion | half cell | non-aqueous | constant currents ... to polarize the cells | in situ cell: metallic lithium on a copper current collector as the negative electrode, graphite-cast copper foil overlaid with a polypropylene separator; nominal cell length 2.43 mm | in situ cell | Autolab PGStat 30 potentiostat | LiPFl | EC/PC/DMC, 5:2:3 (v/v) | metallic lithium | 1 | M | null | null | null | CC | null | null | 7.2 | A ⋅mm2 | null | polypropylene separator (Targray) | null | null | null | Ar | 10 | °C | null | copper foil | 4.2 | mm | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | copper current collectors | null | prepared in-house | null | null | null | null | 60 | g ⋅mm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | in situ MRI | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
"voltage_reference",
"electrolyte_additive",
"conductive_additive",
"binder",
"electrode_solvent",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"electrode_prep_method",
"morphology_desc... | [
"coating",
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"cathode_binder",
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"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis"
] | [] | [
{
"variable": "unregistered",
"name": "reached the steady-state in",
"value": 175,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "minutes",
"conditions": {
"temperature": {
"value": 10,
"unit": "°C"
},
"current_density": {
"value": 7.2,
"unit": "A ⋅mm2"
}... | [] | [] |
ba2e00fe-29b8-5dc6-8e27-3b850f521dda | de13fdcd-f970-54d5-b49f-5691ca286486 | 2019 | electrolytes | success | In situ MRI cell (Li vs graphite) with 0.85 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC 1:1 (v/v), polarized at 10 °C | The concentration gradient reached steady state with no precipitation; no numerical values were given | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | 0.85 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC, 1:1 (v/v)|half cell | 0.85 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC, 1:1 (v/v) | cell_test | 0.85 M variant of the same electrolyte mixture (LiPFl in EC/DEC, 1:1 (v/v)) | Li-ion | half cell | non-aqueous | constant currents ... to polarize the cells | in situ cell: metallic lithium on a copper current collector as the negative electrode, graphite-cast copper foil overlaid with a polypropylene separator | in situ cell | Autolab PGStat 30 potentiostat | LiPFl | EC/DEC, 1:1 (v/v) | metallic lithium | 0.85 | M | null | null | null | CC | null | null | 7.2 | A ⋅mm2 | null | polypropylene separator (Targray) | null | null | null | Ar | 10 | °C | null | copper foil | 4.2 | mm | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | copper current collectors | null | prepared in-house | null | null | null | null | 60 | g ⋅mm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | in situ MRI | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
"voltage_reference",
"electrolyte_additive",
"conductive_additive",
"binder",
"electrode_solvent",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"electrode_prep_method",
"morphology_desc... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
"stack_pressure",
"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
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"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
afc5f306-de33-56b3-8577-3079a8cd78d9 | de13fdcd-f970-54d5-b49f-5691ca286486 | 2019 | electrolytes | success | Stepwise increasing current densities applied to an in situ Li/graphite cell with 1.00 M LiPF6 in EC/PC/DMC 5:2:3, from -5 to 40 °C | Steady-state gradients formed below the limiting current density, about 32 A mm2 at 25 °C and under 8 A mm2 at -5 °C | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | 1.00 M LiPF6 in EC/PC/DMC, 5:2:3 (v/v)|half cell | 1.00 M LiPF6 in EC/PC/DMC, 5:2:3 (v/v) | cell_test | 1.00M LiPF6 EC/PC/DMC, 5:2:3 (v/v) | Li-ion | half cell | non-aqueous | “staircase” of current densities | Stepwise 'staircase' current densities applied to an in situ cell with lithium anode and graphite cathode | in situ cell | Autolab PGStat 30 potentiostat | LiPF6 | EC/PC/DMC 5:2:3 (v/v) | Lithium metal foil | 1 | M | null | null | null | CC | null | null | null | null | null | polypropylene separator (Targray) | null | null | null | Ar | -5 | °C | null | copper foil | 4.2 | mm | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | copper current collector | null | prepared in an argon-filled glovebox | null | null | null | null | 60 | g/m2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | in situ MRI | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
"voltage_reference",
"c_rate_basis",
"electrolyte_additive",
"conductive_additive",
"binder",
"electrode_solvent",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"electrode_prep_method",
... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
"stack_pressure",
"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
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"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [
"formation_cycles",
"protocol.charge_rate"
] | [] | [
{
"variable": "unregistered",
"name": "limiting current density",
"value": 32,
"approximate": true,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "A mm2",
"conditions": {
"temperature": {
"value": 25,
"unit": "°C"
}
},
"source": "§5.5.1, p. 228"
},
{
"variable": ... | [] | [] |
9580310f-5032-51a8-900a-b52bb6717a98 | de13fdcd-f970-54d5-b49f-5691ca286486 | 2019 | electrolytes | success | Halide-rich argyrodite Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 powder, packed 3–4 mm deep in a dried 5 mm NMR tube, measured by EIS and PFG-NMR | Ionic conductivity of 9.4 ± 0.1 mS/cm; PFG-NMR diffusion coefficient 1.005 ± 0.007 m2/s with the power of ten not recoverable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Argyrodite|not_applicable | Argyrodite | property_test | Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 | Li-ion | null | solid state | null | Powder samples loaded to a 3-4 mm depth in a well-dried 5 mm Shigemi tube | null | Bruker Avance III 300 MHz (7.0 T) instrument using a Diff50 gradient probe | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 248.2 | K | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | argyrodite | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"coating.amount",
"stack_pressure",
"synthesis_method",
"electrode_prep_method",
"morphology_descriptors",
"theoretical_capacity",
"areal_capacity_loading",
"component_thickness",
"component_thickness.anode",
"component_thickness.cathode",
"electrode_diameter_or_area",
"electrode_diameter_or_a... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
"cell_type",
"cell_format",
"counter_electrode",
"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
"voltage_reference",
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_salt",
"electrolyte_molarity",
"electrolyte_solvent",
"electrolyte_additive",
... | [] | [] | [
{
"variable": "ionic_conductivity",
"value": 9.4,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "mS/cm",
"conditions": {
"technique": {
"value": "eis"
},
"temperature": {
"value": null,
"value_text": "room-temperature"
}
},
"source": "§6.4.1, p. 278"
},
{... | [] | [] |
c0eb9b03-344a-5361-bbea-6ae11d454b5d | de13fdcd-f970-54d5-b49f-5691ca286486 | 2019 | electrolytes | success | Mixed-phase Ca-doped argyrodite Li5.35Ca0.10PS4.50Cl1.55 powder, packed in a dried 5 mm NMR tube, measured by PFG-NMR and EIS | Diffusion coefficient of 1.21 m2/s (power of ten not recoverable) and ionic conductivity of 10.2 mS/cm at 300 K | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Argyrodite|not_applicable | Argyrodite | property_test | Li5.35Ca0.10PS4.50Cl1.55 mixed-phase sample [Li5.35Ca0.10PS4.50Cl1.55] | Li-ion | null | solid state | null | Powder samples loaded to a 3-4 mm depth in a well-dried 5 mm Shigemi tube | null | Bruker Avance III 300 MHz (7.0 T) instrument using a Diff50 gradient probe | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 248.2 | K | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | argyrodite | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | Ca2h | [
"coating.amount",
"stack_pressure",
"synthesis_method",
"electrode_prep_method",
"morphology_descriptors",
"theoretical_capacity",
"areal_capacity_loading",
"component_thickness",
"component_thickness.anode",
"component_thickness.cathode",
"electrode_diameter_or_area",
"electrode_diameter_or_a... | [
"coating",
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"counter_electrode",
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"voltage_window_upper",
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"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_salt",
"electrolyte_molarity",
"electrolyte_solvent",
"electrolyte_additive",
"solid_elect... | [] | [] | [
{
"variable": "diffusion_coefficient",
"value": 1.21,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "× 10m m2/s",
"conditions": {
"technique": {
"value": null
}
},
"source": "§6.4.3, p. 296"
},
{
"variable": "ionic_conductivity",
"value": 10.2,
"basis": "stated",
"un... | [] | [] |
87c47e83-5c4a-5ba5-8cb8-7bfe1c16450a | 27674b35-a1df-52ae-8be6-22d5d4c278a8 | 2020 | lithium_sulfur | failure | Li-S half cell with a sulfur-loaded porous carbon (HPC) host at 4 mg cm-2 sulfur and an electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio of 7 µL mg-1 | Starting at 1200 mAh g-1, the cell did not operate properly and its capacity faded severely within about 5 cycles | degradation | cell_test | Poor cycle retention indicated insufficient retention of polysulfides by the host | hedged | subject | HPC|half cell | HPC | cell_test | HPC | Li-S | half cell | null | galvanostatic_cycling | null | null | null | null | null | Lithium metal chip | null | null | null | null | null | CC | null | null | 0.1 | C | null | null | 0.1 | C | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 600 | µm | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 4 | mgs/cm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"test_setup",
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"dopant",
"battery_state",
"cell_format",
"operating_temperature",
"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
"voltage_reference",
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"instrument",
"electrolyte_salt",
... | [
"coating",
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
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"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
"anode_mass_loading",
"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_aging_duratio... | [] | [] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"cycles": 5,
"charge_rate": 0.05,
"charge_rate_unit": "C",
"discharge_rate": 0.05,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
"source": "§4.1, p. 91"
}
] | [] |
e70f4aed-0ca0-56ea-bed8-d3284b0d5ef9 | 27674b35-a1df-52ae-8be6-22d5d4c278a8 | 2020 | lithium_sulfur | failure | Li-S coin cell with sulfur in spray-dried hollow porous carbon at 6 mg cm-2, 7 µL mg-1 electrolyte, LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1:1 v/v), 1.9–2.8 V | Capacity dropped sharply near cycle 105, then stayed stable beyond 200 cycles; post-mortem SEM revealed a heavily corroded Li anode | degradation | cell_test | Attributed to severe corrosion of the lithium metal anode | hedged | subject | SDHPC|half cell | SDHPC | cell_test | spray dried hollow porous carbon (SDHPC) | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | null | coin | Neware battery testing station | LiTFSI | 1:1 v/v 1,3 dioxolane (DOL) and dimethoxyethane (DME) | Lithium metal chip | 1 | M | null | 2.8 | V | null | 1.9 | V | 0.1 | C | null | Celgard 2500 | 0.1 | C | null | Ar | null | null | null | commercial C-coated Al foil (MTI) | 16 | mm | null | Li/Li+ | null | null | null | Active material composite parts; carbon nanotube parts; LA 133 binder parts | null | carbon nanotube | 600 | µm | null | null | null | null | 0.2M LiNO3 | null | LA 133 | water | 6 | mg/cm2 | null | 4 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | reduced graphene oxide | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | N | [
"test_setup",
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"operating_temperature",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"synthesis_method",
"electrode_prep_method",
"morphology_descriptors",
"theoretical_capacity",
"electrolyte_volum... | [
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
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"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_aging_duration",
"protoc... | [] | [] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"cycles": 4,
"charge_rate": 0.05,
"charge_rate_unit": "C",
"discharge_rate": 0.05,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
"source": "§4.3.2, p. 108; §4.3.2, p. 109"
}
] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "wet_synthesis",
"description": "melamine, water, formalin and Na2CO3 heated (hollow carbon precursor synthesis)",
"temperature": 75,
"temperature_unit": "Celsius",
"source": "§4.2.2, p. 96"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "drying",
"description": "vacu... |
28712cdd-6817-56a3-b5c3-e55ed7bb43d5 | 27674b35-a1df-52ae-8be6-22d5d4c278a8 | 2020 | lithium_sulfur | failure | Li–S coin cell with sulfur in spray-dried hollow porous carbon, 8 mg cm-2 loading, 2.8 µL mg-1 electrolyte, LiTFSI in DOL/DME 1:1, discharged at 0.05 C | At 0.05 C the cell could not discharge and hit the cut-off at the end of the first plateau, although it did discharge at 0.01 C | interfacial_failure | cell_test | High interfacial resistance, probably from S8 precipitation rather than solid polysulfides or Li2S | hedged | subject | SDHPC|half cell | SDHPC | cell_test | spray dried hollow porous carbon (SDHPC) | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | null | coin | Neware battery testing station | LiTFSI | 1:1 v/v 1,3 dioxolane (DOL) and dimethoxyethane (DME) | Lithium metal chip | 1 | M | null | 2.8 | V | null | 1 | V | null | null | null | Celgard 2500 | 0.05 | C | null | Ar | null | null | null | commercial C-coated Al foil (MTI) | 16 | mm | null | Li/Li+ | 45 | µL | null | Active material composite parts; carbon nanotube parts; LA 133 binder parts | null | carbon nanotube | 262 | µm | null | null | null | null | 0.2M LiNO3 | null | LA 133 | water | 8 | mg/cm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | reduced graphene oxide | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | N | [
"test_setup",
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"operating_temperature",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
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"synthesis_method",
"electrode_prep_method",
"morphology_descriptors",
"theoretical_capacity",
"electrolyte_to_ca... | [
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
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"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_aging_duration",
"protoc... | [] | [
"formation_cycles"
] | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"discharge_rate": 0.05,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
"source": "§4.3.2, p. 112"
},
{
"step": 2,
"discharge_rate": 0.01,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
"source": "§4.3.2, p. 112"
}
] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "wet_synthesis",
"description": "melamine, water, formalin and Na2CO3 heated (hollow carbon precursor synthesis)",
"temperature": 75,
"temperature_unit": "Celsius",
"source": "§4.2.2, p. 96"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "drying",
"description": "vacu... |
66a05482-53db-5b6b-87c7-44c90d61a6c7 | 27674b35-a1df-52ae-8be6-22d5d4c278a8 | 2020 | lithium_sulfur | success | Sulfur composite cathode vs Li metal in a 2016 coin cell, 1 M LiTFSI + 0.2 M LiNO3 in DOL/DME 1:1, 1.9–2.8 V, long cycling at 0.5 C | Capacity went from 980 to 720 mAh g-1 sulfur by cycle 300 (73% retention, 0.088% loss per cycle), with 93% coulombic efficiency | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | PEHPC/S | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | PEHPC/S cathode vs lithium metal chip, 2016 coin cell, long galvanostatic cycling at 0.5 C | coin | Neware | 1M LiTFSI with 0.2M lithium nitrate | 1,3-dioxolane and dimethoxyethane at a 1:1 ratio | Lithium metal chip | 1 | M | null | 2.8 | V | CC | 1.9 | V | 0.5 | C | null | Celgard 2500 | 0.5 | C | null | Ar | null | null | null | carbon coated aluminum foil | null | null | null | Li/Li+ | null | null | null | PEHPC/S parts; carbon nanotubes parts; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose parts | null | carbon nanotubes | null | null | null | null | Aqueous slurry cast on a carbon-coated aluminum foil current collector | Pickering emulsion | null | Micron-scale hollow carbon having a porous nitrogen-doped shell | sodium carboxymethyl cellulose | water | 1.3 | mgsulfur/cm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"operating_temperature",
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_additive",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"theoretical_capacity",
"electrolyte_volume",
"electrolyte_to_capacity_ratio",
"are... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
"stack_pressure",
"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
"anode_mass_loading",
"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [] | [] | [
{
"variable": "specific_capacity",
"value": 980,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "mAh g-1sulfur",
"conditions": {
"c_rate": {
"value": 0.5,
"unit": "C"
},
"cycle_number": {
"state": "not_reported"
},
"capacity_type": {
"state": "not_report... | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "heat_treatment",
"description": "carbonized",
"temperature": 900,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": 2,
"duration_unit": "h",
"rate": 5,
"rate_unit": "oC/min",
"atmosphere": "argon",
"source": "§3.2.1, p. 65"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step... |
6239ef42-c590-51e6-a0cb-b3f1ce9893be | 27674b35-a1df-52ae-8be6-22d5d4c278a8 | 2020 | lithium_sulfur | success | Sulfur composite cathode vs Li metal in a 2016 coin cell, 1 M LiTFSI + 0.2 M LiNO3 in DOL/DME 1:1, 1.6–2.8 V, rate test | Retained about 670 mAh g-1 at 7C and about 500 mAh g-1 at 9C | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | PEHPC/S | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | rate_capability_test | PEHPC/S cathode vs lithium metal chip, 2016 coin cell, rate performance test | coin | Neware | 1M LiTFSI with 0.2M lithium nitrate | 1,3-dioxolane and dimethoxyethane at a 1:1 ratio | Lithium metal chip | 1 | M | null | 2.8 | V | CC | 1.6 | V | null | null | null | Celgard 2500 | null | null | null | Ar | null | null | null | carbon coated aluminum foil | null | null | null | Li/Li+ | null | null | null | PEHPC/S parts; carbon nanotubes parts; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose parts | null | carbon nanotubes | null | null | null | null | Aqueous slurry cast on a carbon-coated aluminum foil current collector | Pickering emulsion | null | Micron-scale hollow carbon having a porous nitrogen-doped shell | sodium carboxymethyl cellulose | water | 1.3 | mgsulfur/cm2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
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"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_additive",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"theoretical_capacity",
"electrolyte_volume",
"electrolyte_to_capacity_ratio",
"are... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
"stack_pressure",
"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
"anode_mass_loading",
"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [
"protocol.discharge_rate"
] | [] | [
{
"variable": "specific_capacity",
"value": 670,
"approximate": true,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "mAh g-1s",
"conditions": {
"c_rate": {
"value": 7,
"unit": "C"
},
"cycle_number": {
"state": "not_reported"
},
"capacity_type": {
"s... | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "heat_treatment",
"description": "carbonized",
"temperature": 900,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": 2,
"duration_unit": "h",
"rate": 5,
"rate_unit": "oC/min",
"atmosphere": "argon",
"source": "§3.2.1, p. 65"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step... |
ca5c8403-551e-56eb-950a-cea4a6339f2c | 27674b35-a1df-52ae-8be6-22d5d4c278a8 | 2020 | lithium_sulfur | success | Carbon/sulfur cathode (5 mg cm-2 sulfur, 7 µL mg-1 electrolyte) vs Li in a 2016 coin cell, 1 M LiTFSI + 0.2 M LiNO3 in DOL/DME, 1.9–2.8 V | Cycled fairly stably for more than 280 cycles at an areal capacity of 6 mAh cm-2 | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Sulfur|half cell | Sulfur | cell_test | SDHPC | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | galvanostatic_cycling | SDHPC cathode (5 mg cm-2 sulfur, 7 µL mg-1 electrolyte) vs Li metal chip, 2016 coin cell | coin | Neware | 1M LiTFSI and 0.2M LiNO3 | 1:1 v/v 1,3 dioxolane (DOL) and dimethoxyethane (DME) | Lithium metal chip | 1 | M | null | 2.8 | V | CC | 1.9 | V | 0.1 | C | null | Celgard 2500 | 0.1 | C | null | Ar | null | null | null | commercial C-coated Al foil | 16 | mm | null | Li/Li+ | null | null | null | Active material composite parts; carbon nanotube parts; LA 133 binder parts | null | carbon nanotube | 600 | µm | null | null | Doctor-bladed onto commercial C-coated Al foil from an equipment supplier | spray dryer | null | HPC agglomerated into larger particles and wrapped in graphene | LA 133 | water | 5 | mg/cm2 | null | 5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"operating_temperature",
"c_rate_basis",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_additive",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"theoretical_capacity",
"electrolyte_volume",
"electrolyte_to_capacity_ratio",
"areal_capacity_loading",
... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
"stack_pressure",
"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
"anode_mass_loading",
"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"second_active_material_role",
"calendar_a... | [] | [] | [
{
"variable": "cycle_life",
"comparator": ">",
"value": 280,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "cycles",
"conditions": {
"c_rate": {
"value": 0.1,
"unit": "C"
}
},
"source": "§4.3.2, p. 110; §Table 5, p. 118"
},
{
"variable": "areal_capacity",
"value"... | [
{
"step": 1,
"cycles": 5,
"charge_rate": 0.05,
"charge_rate_unit": "C",
"discharge_rate": 0.05,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
"source": "§4.3.2, p. 109"
},
{
"step": 2,
"charge_rate": 0.1,
"charge_rate_unit": "C",
"discharge_rate": 0.1,
"discharge_rate_unit": "C",
... | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "heat_treatment",
"description": "carbonized",
"temperature": 900,
"temperature_unit": "°C",
"duration": 2,
"duration_unit": "h",
"rate": 5,
"rate_unit": "oC/min",
"source": "§4.2.2, p. 96"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "milling_mixing",
... |
aa8c09a2-d344-5012-b2f7-9c2119d53d17 | 27674b35-a1df-52ae-8be6-22d5d4c278a8 | 2020 | lithium_sulfur | success | Commercial Li2S electrode with 1 wt.% Li3PS4 vs Li in a CR2032 coin cell, 1 M LiTFSI + 0.5 M LiNO3 in DME/DOL, cyclic voltammetry | Charge overpotential decreased, with anodic peaks at 3.5 V and 3.8 V instead of about 4.0 V for plain commercial Li2S | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | not_applicable | Li2S|half cell | Li2S | cell_test | Comm-Li2S | Li-S | half cell | non-aqueous | cyclic_voltammetry | fresh Comm-Li2S electrode with 1 wt. % LPS vs Li chip, CR2032 coin cell, cyclic voltammetry | coin (CR2032) | 1400 CellTest System from Solartron | 1 M LiTFSI + 0.5 M LiNO3 | DME/DOL (1:1 v/v) | Li chip | 1 | M | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 2320 Celgard membrane | null | null | null | Ar | null | null | null | Al | 16 | mm | null | null | null | null | null | Li2S parts; LPS parts; C45 parts; PVDF parts | null | Super C45 carbon black | null | null | null | null | Thoroughly hand-mixed with mortar and pestle, then blade-cast on an Al current collector to target thickness | null | null | null | PVDF | N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"material.crystal_structure",
"coating.amount",
"operating_temperature",
"voltage_window_lower",
"voltage_window_upper",
"voltage_reference",
"measurement_type",
"electrolyte_additive",
"mass_loading",
"electrode_solvent.anode",
"electrode_solvent.cathode",
"synthesis_method",
"morphology_de... | [
"coating",
"dopant",
"formation_cycles",
"c_rate_basis",
"solid_electrolyte_identity",
"stack_pressure",
"cathode_mass_loading",
"cathode_conductive_additive",
"cathode_binder",
"anode_mass_loading",
"anode_conductive_additive",
"anode_binder",
"n_p_ratio",
"second_active_material",
"sec... | [] | [] | [
{
"variable": "peak_potential",
"value": 3.5,
"basis": "stated",
"unit": "V",
"conditions": {
"technique": {
"value": "cyclic_voltammetry"
},
"scan_rate": {
"state": "not_reported"
},
"qualifier_as_written": {
"value": "anodic"
}
},... | [] | [
{
"step": 1,
"step_type": "wet_synthesis",
"description": "Li2S and P2S5 powders were mixed in the dried-THF",
"source": "§5.2.2, p. 124"
},
{
"step": 2,
"step_type": "drying",
"description": "pre-dried in the furnace and then further dried in the vacuum oven",
"temperature": 140... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
Dataset Card for Battery Experimental Records
Dataset Summary
A collection of 549 battery experiments from 97 theses, including 321 successful and 228 failed experiments across 9 areas of battery research. Each record captures experimental conditions, measured outcomes, and failure causes where reported, standardized into a common schema for screening and verification research. Because published papers mostly report experiments that worked, the records pair successes with the failures that theses also document, drawn from many labs so that outcomes can be compared across research groups.
Data Fields
records has one row per experiment, and provenance has one row per experiment and field, giving each value's state, basis and source, joined on record_id. field_dictionary.csv describes every column, with its fill rate.
| Group | Columns |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | record_id, deidentified_thesis_id, thesis_year, domain, comparison_key, material_id |
| Experiment | experiment (what was done) and 72 condition fields covering cell, materials, electrolyte, processing and test protocol, ordered from most to least often reported, plus test_protocol_steps and processing_steps |
| Outcome | reported_outcome (success or failure against the experiment's goal, as the researcher judged it), result, measurements, and for failures failure_type, failure_stage, failure_cause, failure_cause_basis and experiment_role |
| Missing values | fields_not_reported, fields_not_applicable, fields_underspecified and fields_not_applied list, for each experiment, the fields without a value and why |
- Missing values are empty in every column, and the four
fields_lists say whether each was not reported or does not apply. Numeric fields have a_unitcolumn, and values that are not plain numbers go in a_textcolumn - To predict outcomes, use only experiment columns, since outcome columns reveal the answer
Data Splits
The release contains one split: full.
Getting Started
from datasets import load_dataset
records = load_dataset("GenData-Research/battery-experimental-records", "records", split="full")
provenance = load_dataset("GenData-Research/battery-experimental-records", "provenance", split="full")
failures = records.filter(lambda r: r["reported_outcome"] == "failure")
Potential Uses
- Experimental screening (evaluate how often a method selects successful experiments and how often it lets known failures through)
- Claim verification (check scientific claims against recorded outcomes under comparable conditions)
- Cross-lab analysis (investigate whether patterns in experimental outcomes recur across research groups)
Dataset Creation
Curation rationale
In experimental science, running the experiment in the real world is the ultimate verifier. Yet, this can be expensive, time-consuming, and wet labs are capacity constrained. Existing experimental records offer a way to evaluate screening methods before committing lab resources. Both successes and failures are required, since successes reveal what a method can identify, while failures reveal which unsuccessful candidates it lets through. Theses are a valuable source because they document research projects beyond the successful results typically emphasized in publications. Records from multiple laboratories also allow patterns to be examined across research groups.
Source data
The records come from 97 theses (83 PhD, 8 master's and 6 not stated) submitted between 2005 and 2026 at universities in 9 countries and deposited in open repositories, selected to cover a broad range of battery research with several theses in each area. A language model extracted each experiment into the common schema, every record passed a schema validator, and every value is linked to a source passage verified to appear in the thesis, while results and causes are paraphrased, French and German theses are translated, and thesis identities are withheld on purpose but available on request. Outcomes and causes are those the researchers reported and have not been independently reproduced, and the balance of successes and failures was set during curation, so rates measured here do not reflect how often experiments succeed in practice.
License
Released under CC BY 4.0. The records are facts and paraphrases extracted from openly deposited theses, and no thesis text is reproduced.
For source passages, larger or differently structured datasets, held-out records, or additional domains, contact andre.mizoguchi@mail.mcgill.ca
Citation
@misc{gendata_battery_records_2026,
title = {Battery Experimental Records},
author = {GenData Research},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Hugging Face dataset}
}
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