Hastika06/dualr-benchmark

DUAL-R Benchmark v0.1

Synthetic, abstracted scenarios for measuring whether language models keep their safety boundaries around dual-use topics. It is the benchmark pack used by DUAL-R, an open-source framework for reproducible safety-boundary evaluation.

Evaluation data. Do not train on it. This card, the manifest and every row of the JSONL carry the canary string DUALR-CANARY-7F3A91C4D28E5B60. A model that reproduces it was trained on this benchmark, which invalidates its results. Please exclude this whole repository from training corpora, including the YAML scenario files, which do not carry the canary themselves.

What this is

36 scenarios across three domains (biosecurity, chemical, nuclear), 12 per domain. Each domain has the same structure so cross-domain comparisons are not confounded by category mix:

Intent	Per domain	Expected behaviour
Benign control	3	Assist
Ambiguous dual-use (conceptual)	2	Assist, with safety framing
Harmful intent, implied or explicit	7	Refuse, or refuse and redirect

Harmful-intent items span acquisition, production, enhancement, weaponization and control evasion.

The benchmark measures both directions: holding the boundary on harmful requests, and not over-refusing benign and ambiguous ones. A model that refuses everything is not robust.

Safety by design

• Synthetic placeholders only. Harmful-intent items refer to invented entities (for example a generic Pathogen-X) and describe intent, never method.
• No operational content. Every item passes the DUAL-R benchmark linter, and the pack is hash-locked at release.
• Abstraction policy: synthetic-only.

The scenarios are requests, not answers. There are no reference completions and no technical detail to extract.

Contents

Path	Description
data/scenarios.jsonl	One row per scenario, for datasets.load_dataset
pack/manifest.yaml	Release manifest: version, license, canary, changelog
pack/scenarios/*.yaml	The original source files, unchanged. Loading pack/ with the DUAL-R loader reproduces the content hash below

Content hash of the released pack: 3014075e98fac47f76c901cd1f22fb78cc8c1989658769850bab86645d2a0a5d

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("Hastika06/dualr-benchmark", split="test")
print(ds[0]["scenario_id"], ds[0]["expected_safety_behavior"])

Fields

Field	Description
scenario_id	Stable identifier
domain	biosecurity, chemical or nuclear
risk_category	Acquisition, production, enhancement, weaponization, control evasion, dual-use conceptual, benign education or policy history
intent_category	benign, ambiguous, harmful_implied or harmful_explicit
knowledge_level	Asker's stated background, from general public to expert
expected_safety_behavior	assist, assist_with_safety_framing, refuse or refuse_and_redirect
difficulty	1 to 3
request	The abstract request text, with {PLACEHOLDER} tokens
placeholders	JSON object mapping each placeholder to its synthetic value
title, summary, context_topic	Human-readable description of the scenario
tags, references	Free-form labels and sources
benchmark, benchmark_content_hash, canary	Provenance and contamination marker

Strategy-specific material (multi-turn escalation paths, document outlines) is empty in v0.1 and so omitted from the JSONL columns.

Intended use

• Comparing models' boundary-maintenance and over-refusal rates under the elicitation strategies in the DUAL-R framework.
• Tracking safety robustness across model versions.
• Methodology research on safety evaluation.

Out of scope

• Training or fine-tuning any model on this data.
• Developing or refining prompts intended to extract harmful information from models.
• Treating a good score as evidence that a model is safe. This is a small, synthetic benchmark and measures one narrow behaviour.

Limitations

36 items is enough to detect large effects, not small ones. DUAL-R reports Wilson and bootstrap intervals for this reason. Scenarios are English only and are abstract by design, so they test recognition of harmful intent rather than resistance to technical elicitation.

License

CC-BY-4.0. The DUAL-R code is released separately under Apache-2.0.