Text Simplification Materials
Collection
A collection to store all models and datasets created while my undergrad thesis • 7 items • Updated
Datasets:
abstract stringlengths 38 9.99k | chosen stringlengths 81 3.33k | rejected stringlengths 54 3.75k | diff float64 1 3.84 | chosen_score float64 2.83 4.99 | rejected_score float64 1.01 3.85 |
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additive models play an important role in semiparametric statistics .
this paper gives learning rates for regularized kernel based methods for additive models .
these learning rates compare favourably in particular in high dimensions to recent results on optimal learning rates for purely nonparametric regularized ... | Additive models are important in semiparametric statistics. This paper discusses learning rates for regularized kernel-based methods used with additive models. These rates perform well, especially in high dimensions, compared to recent results on quantile regression using the Gaussian radial basis function kernel, assu... | This paper provides learning rates for regularized kernel-based methods of additive models, specifically focusing on semiparametric statistics in high dimensions. | 1.28 | 4.46 | 3.18 |
in 84 , 258 ( 2000 ) , mateos conjectured that current reversal in a classical deterministic ratchet is associated with bifurcations from chaotic to periodic regimes .
this is based on the comparison of the current and the bifurcation diagram as a function of a given parameter for a periodic asymmetric potential .
... | Mateos proposed that changes in the direction of current in a ratchet system relate to shifts from chaotic to regular behavior. Barbi and Salerno studied this and found current changes can happen even without these shifts. Their studies focused on single particles, while ensemble behavior may differ. This paper examine... | current reversals are associated with bifurcations from chaotic to periodic regimes | 2.69 | 4.64 | 1.95 |
the effect of a random phase diffuser on fluctuations of laser light ( scintillations ) is studied .
not only spatial but also temporal phase variations introduced by the phase diffuser are analyzed .
the explicit dependence of the scintillation index on finite - time phase variations is obtained for long propagat... | The study looks at how a random phase diffuser affects laser light fluctuations, known as scintillations. Both spatial and temporal phase changes caused by the diffuser are examined. The research finds how the scintillation index depends on short-term phase changes over long distances. It is shown that when phase fluct... | Researchers examine how random phase changes affect laser light fluctuations over long distances, considering both space and time effects. | 1.16 | 4.65 | 3.49 |
with a special intention of clarifying the underlying spin contents of the nucleon , we investigate the generalized form factors of the nucleon , which are defined as the @xmath0-th @xmath1-moments of the generalized parton distribution functions , within the framework of the chiral quark soliton model .
a particula... | To better understand the spin structure of protons, we studied their generalized form factors using a model called the chiral quark soliton model. These form factors are based on parton distribution functions. We focused on how the pion mass affects results and compared them to lattice QCD simulations in a high pion ma... | The generalized form factors of the nucleon are defined as the x_th moment of the generalized parton distribution functions within the chiral quark soliton model, where we examine the pion mass dependence of final predictions and compare them with lattice qcd simulations. | 1.89 | 4.53 | 2.64 |
we improve the currently known thresholds for basisness of the family of periodically dilated @xmath0-sine functions .
our findings rely on a beurling decomposition of the corresponding change of coordinates in terms of shift operators of infinite multiplicity .
we also determine refined bounds on the riesz consta... | We have improved the known thresholds for the basisness of a family of periodically dilated sine functions. Our work uses a Beurling decomposition of the coordinate change involving infinite shift operators. We also found better bounds for the Riesz constant related to this family. These results fill gaps in previous r... | our findings rely on a beurling decomposition of the corresponding change of coordinates in terms of shift operators of infinite multiplicity | 2.13 | 4.78 | 2.65 |
synaptic memory is considered to be the main element responsible for learning and cognition in humans .
although traditionally non - volatile long - term plasticity changes have been implemented in nanoelectronic synapses for neuromorphic applications , recent studies in neuroscience have revealed that biological sy... | Synaptic memory is crucial for learning and thinking in humans. Traditionally, changes in nanoelectronic synapses were used to mimic long-term memory changes, but new research shows that biological synapses strengthen temporarily before stabilizing if the input stimulus is frequent enough. This process of strengthening... | the magnetization dynamics of a magnetic tunnel junction are similar to short - term plasticity and long - term potentiation observed in biological synapses | 2.08 | 4.66 | 2.58 |
this paper investigates , using prior shape models and the concept of ball scale ( b - scale ) , ways of automatically recognizing objects in 3d images without performing elaborate searches or optimization .
that is , the goal is to place the model in a single shot close to the right pose ( position , orientation , ... | This paper looks at ways to automatically recognize objects in 3D images using shape models and ball scale (b-scale) without needing complex searches or optimization. The goal is to quickly place a model close to the correct position, orientation, and scale in an image so that the model boundaries match the object boun... | This paper investigates using prior shape models and the concept of ball scale ( b - scale ) ways of automatically recognizing objects in 3D images without performing elaborate searches or optimization. | 1.17 | 4.49 | 3.32 |
long time coverage and high radial velocity precision have allowed for the discovery of additional objects in known planetary systems .
many of the extrasolar planets detected have highly eccentric orbits , which raises the question of how likely those systems are to host additional planets .
we investigate six sy... | Scientists have found new objects in known planetary systems using long-term observations and precise radial velocity measurements. Many of the discovered extrasolar planets have highly eccentric orbits, which raises questions about the likelihood of other planets existing in these systems. The researchers studied six ... | highly eccentric orbits are highly likely to be associated with additional planets in these systems | 2.48 | 4.63 | 2.15 |
we study equilibrium configurations of swarming biological organisms subject to exogenous and pairwise endogenous forces . beginning with a discrete dynamical model
, we derive a variational description of the corresponding continuum population density .
equilibrium solutions are extrema of an energy functional , ... | We studied stable arrangements of swarming organisms influenced by external and internal forces. Starting with a step-by-step model, we created a continuous description of the population. These stable arrangements are found by minimizing an energy functional and solving an integral equation. We determined conditions fo... | we study equilibrium configurations of swarming biological organisms subject to exogenous and pairwise endogenous forces , | 2.29 | 4.68 | 2.39 |
i discuss new results on absolute branching ratios of charm mesons into specific exclusive final states , cabibbo suppressed decay rates , inclusive decays to @xmath0 mesons , limits on @xmath1 mixing , cp violation and t violation .
preliminary results from cleo - c now dominate the world average absolute branching... | I discuss new findings on how often charm mesons decay into specific particles, including rare decays and total decay rates to @xmath0 mesons. I also explore limits on @xmath1 mixing, CP violation, and T violation. Recent results from CLEO-C provide the best average measurements for these decays. For key normalization ... | New results on absolute branching ratios of charm mesons into specific exclusive final states, Cabibbo suppressed decay rates, inclusive decays to xmath0 mesons, limits on xmath1 mixing, cp violation, and t-violation are consistent with the @xmath5 cleo measurements. Initial calculations have a world average of approxi... | 2.37 | 4.67 | 2.3 |
cut - sky orthogonal mode analyses of the @xmath0-dmr 53 and 90 ghz sky maps are used to determine the normalization of a variety of open cosmogonical models based on the cold dark matter scenario . to constrain the allowed cosmological - parameter range for these open cosmogonies , the predictions of the dmr - normal... | The analysis of sky maps at 53 and 90 GHz from the DMR uses cosmological models based on cold dark matter. These models are tested against observational data like the universe's age, mass density estimates, Hubble parameter constraints, X-ray cluster baryonic mass, and matter power spectrum parameters. The open-bubble ... | The open cosmology model considered in this study utilizes sky maps from the xmath0-dmr, xmath9-dmr and xmath15-dmr models to determine the normalization of a variety of open cosmogonical models based on the cold dark matter scenario. The predictions of these normalized models are compared to various observational meas... | 2.55 | 4.35 | 1.8 |
large numbers of supernovae ( sne ) have been discovered in recent years , and many more will be found in the near future . once discovered , further study of a sn and its possible use as an astronomical tool ( e.g. , as a distance estimator ) require knowledge of the sn type .
current classification methods rely al... | Many supernovae (SNe) have been found recently, with more expected. To study them and use them as tools, we need to know their type. Currently, this is done by analyzing their spectra. However, spectroscopy isn't always possible or practical. We present a new method using colors of SNe compared to synthetic ones from n... | We present a classification method for supernovae based on the comparison of their observed colors with synthetic ones, calculated from a large database of multi-epoch optical spectra of nearby events. | 1.33 | 4.74 | 3.41 |
the general expression of the stern - gerlach force is deduced for a relativistic charged spin-@xmath0 particle which travels inside a time varying magnetic field .
this result was obtained either by means of two lorentz boosts or starting from dirac s equation .
then , the utilization of this interaction for atta... | The Stern-Gerlach force for a charged, spinning particle moving in a changing magnetic field can be found using two Lorentz boosts or from Dirac's equation. This interaction is then used to separate spin states in a new example with a radio-frequency setup. | the general expression of the stern - gerlach force for a relativistic charged spin-@xmath0 particle which travels inside a time varying magnetic field | 1.69 | 4.67 | 2.98 |
we calculate cross sections for low energy elastic exciton - exciton scattering within the effective mass approximation .
unlike previous theoretical approaches , we give a complete , non - perturbative treatment of the four - particle scattering problem .
diffusion monte carlo is used to calculate the essentially... | We studied collisions between excitons (quasiparticles) at low energy using a method called the effective mass approximation. Unlike earlier theories, we used a thorough approach without simplifying assumptions for the four-particle scattering problem. We applied a diffusion Monte Carlo method to get precise energy val... | We calculate cross sections for low energy elastic exciton - exciton scattering within the effective mass approximation using diffusion Monte Carlo techniques. Unlike previous theoretical approaches, we provide a complete non-perturbative treatment of the four particle scattering problem by introducing diffusion monte ... | 1.25 | 4.39 | 3.14 |
we present a novel method for calculating the primordial non - gaussianity produced by super - horizon evolution during inflation .
our method evolves the distribution of coarse - grained inflationary field values using a transport equation .
we present simple evolution equations for the moments of this distributi... | We introduce a new way to calculate primordial non-gaussianity caused by super-horizon evolution during inflation. This method uses a transport equation to track the distribution of coarse-grained field values in inflation. We provide simple equations for moments like variance and skewness. Our approach has advantages ... | We've developed an innovative method to measure primordial non-Gaussianity during inflation, using fine-grained field values. We calculated moments like variance and skewness based on these values' movement patterns, which helps us understand the early universe better. | 2.01 | 4.64 | 2.63 |
for @xmath0 and @xmath1 , we consider certain admissible sequences of @xmath2 lattice paths in a colored @xmath3 square .
we show that the number of such admissible sequences of lattice paths is given by the sum of squares of the number of standard young tableaux of partitions of @xmath4 with height @xmath5 , which ... | For two variables xmath0 and xmath1, we look at certain sequences of lattice paths in a colored square. We find that the number of these sequences is equal to the sum of squares of the number of standard Young tableaux for partitions of xmath4 with height xmath5. This also equals the number of xmath6-avoiding permutati... | the number of admissible sequences of lattice paths in a colored square whose sum is 10 | 2.35 | 4.69 | 2.34 |
various new physics models predict a light cp - odd higgs boson ( labeled as @xmath0 ) and open up new decay modes for @xmath1-boson , such as @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 , which could be explored at the gigaz option of the ilc . in this work
we investigate these rare decays in several new physics models , namely ... | Some new physics models predict light CP-odd Higgs bosons (labeled as @xmath0), opening up new decay modes for @xmath1-boson, such as @xmath2, @xmath3, and @xmath4. These decays may be explored at the GigaZ option of the ILC. In this work, the authors investigate these rare decays in several models including Type II 2H... | The predicted branching ratios for @xmath5 , @xmath6 , @xmath8 , @xmath9 are significantly larger than those from the other models, indicating that these rare decays at the gigaz might be accessible. | 2.72 | 4.64 | 1.92 |
a positive , non - saturating and dominantly linear magnetoresistance is demonstrated to occur in the surface state of a topological insulator having a wavevector - linear energy dispersion together with a finite positive zeeman energy splitting .
this linear magnetoresistance shows up within quite wide magnetic - f... | A type of magnetoresistance that is positive and doesn't decrease with magnetic field (non-saturating), and mainly shows a straight-line response (dominant linear magnetoresistance), is found in the surface layers of a topological insulator. This insulator has electrons with energy levels that change linearly with thei... | a positive, non-saturating, and dominantly linear magnetoresistance is demonstrated in the surface state of a topological insulator with a wavevector - linear energy dispersion and a finite positive zeeman energy splitting | 1.45 | 4.47 | 3.02 |
dwarf galaxies in the local group provide a unique astrophysical laboratory . despite their proximity some of these systems still lack a reliable distance determination as well as studies of their stellar content and star formation history .
we present first results of our survey of variable stars in a sample of six... | Dwarf galaxies in our cosmic neighborhood serve as unique labs for studying astrophysics. However, some of these nearby systems still don't have accurate distance measurements or detailed studies of their stars and star formation history. We report initial findings from a survey of variable stars in six small, irregula... | A survey of variable stars is conducted in nearby dwarf irregular galaxies to learn more about their star formation and history. | 2.17 | 4.79 | 2.62 |
the generation of hydrodynamic radiation in interactions of pulsed proton and laser beams with matter is explored .
the beams were directed into a water target and the resulting acoustic signals were recorded with pressure sensitive sensors .
measurements were performed with varying pulse energies , sensor positio... | Researchers studied how pulsed proton and laser beams interact with water, generating sound waves. They measured acoustic signals from different pulse energies, sensor positions, beam sizes, and temperatures. The data matched simulations based on a thermo-acoustic model within a 10% uncertainty range. The main way thes... | The generation of hydrodynamic radiation in interactions of pulsed proton and laser beams with matter is explored. | 1.75 | 4.78 | 3.03 |
the wide field camera 3 ( wfc3 ) on the _ hubble space telescope _ ( _ hst _ ) enabled the search for the first galaxies observed at @xmath0 ( @xmath1 myr after the big bang ) . to continue quantifying the number density of the most luminous galaxies ( @xmath2 ) at the earliest epoch observable with _ hst
_ , we sea... | The Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) helped find the first galaxies seen soon after the Big Bang. To figure out how many bright galaxies there were in the earliest times HST could observe, researchers looked for specific galaxies called F125W-dropouts in old data from the BORG[z8] survey, ... | The wfc3 camera on the hst (hst) enabled the search for the first galaxies observed at xmath0 (xmath1 myr after the big bang). To continue quantifying the number density of the most luminous galaxies f125w (f125w - dropouts) in archival data from the brightest reionizing galaxy survey borg[z8] originally designed for d... | 1.67 | 4.37 | 2.7 |
_ this paper presents invariants under gamma correction and similarity transformations .
the invariants are local features based on differentials which are implemented using derivatives of the gaussian .
the use of the proposed invariant representation is shown to yield improved correlation results in a template m... | This paper introduces invariants that work with gamma correction and similarity transformations. These invariants are local features based on differentials, implemented using derivatives of Gaussian. The study shows that using these invariants improves correlation in template matching scenarios. | this paper presents invariants under gamma correction and similarity transformations. | 1.46 | 4.45 | 2.99 |
we investigate the emergence of magnetic flux in the quiet sun at very small spatial scales , focusing on the magnetic connection between the photosphere and chromosphere .
the observational data consist of spectropolarimetric measurements and filtergrams taken with the hinode satellite and the dutch open telescope ... | We studied how magnetic flux emerges in quiet areas of the Sun at small scales, focusing on the connection between the photosphere and chromosphere. We used data from Hinode satellite and the Dutch Open Telescope. A significant amount of magnetic flux in internetwork regions appears as '0-shaped' loops. The emergence r... | The magnetic flux in the quiet sun at very small spatial scales, focusing on the magnetic connection between the photosphere and chromosphere, is observed as a significant fraction of new flux that appears in @xmath0-shaped loops. | 2.02 | 4.3 | 2.28 |
we apply the statefinder diagnostic to the torsion cosmology , in which an accounting for the accelerated universe is considered in term of a riemann - cartan geometry : dynamic scalar torsion .
we find that there are some typical characteristic of the evolution of statefinder parameters for the torsion cosmology th... | We used a statefinder diagnostic to study torsion cosmology, which explains the accelerating universe using a special geometry with dynamic scalar torsion. We found that the evolution of statefinder parameters in torsion cosmology differs from other cosmological models. The statefinder diagnostic also relates to critic... | the statefinder diagnostic divides the torsion parameter @xmath0 into differential ranges | 2.44 | 4.6 | 2.16 |
matched - filtering for the identification of compact object mergers in gravitational - wave antenna data involves the comparison of the data stream to a bank of template gravitational waveforms . typically the template bank is constructed from phenomenological waveform models since these can be evaluated for an arbit... | Simplifying gravitational wave data to find compact object mergers usually involves comparing data with template waveforms. These templates are based on models that can use any physical parameters. Recently, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) has been suggested to reduce the number of templates needed. This method also... | the method proposes to reduce the number of templates required for detection using singular value decomposition (svd) in an improved manner compared to existing methods. | 2.17 | 4.63 | 2.46 |
we investigate an efficient quantum error correction of a fully correlated noise .
suppose the noise is characterized by a quantum channel whose error operators take fully correlated forms given by @xmath0 , @xmath1 and @xmath2 , where @xmath3 is the number of qubits encoding the codeword .
it is proved that ( i )... | We study efficient quantum error correction for fully correlated noise. Suppose the noise is described by a quantum channel with error operators @xmath0, @xmath1, and @xmath2, where @xmath3 represents the number of qubits in the codeword. We show that (i) an @xmath4-qubit codeword can encode @xmath5 data qubits when @x... | Quantum error correction has been successfully applied to encode data qubits in fully correlated noise channels with quantum channels having an odd number of qubits and a higher rank numerical range, resulting in coherent recovery operators. | 2.31 | 4.58 | 2.27 |
this is the first attempt to model the kinematics of a cme launch and the resulting euv dimming quantitatively with a self - consistent model .
our 4d - model assumes self - similar expansion of a spherical cme geometry that consists of a cme front with density compression and a cavity with density rarefaction , sat... | This study uses a new model to understand how a coronal mass ejection (CME) launches and causes EUV dimming, using data from the 2008 March 25 CME event. The 4D model assumes a spherical shape for the CME with changes in density at the front and inside, keeping total mass consistent. It has 14 adjustable parameters and... | our cme kinematics is modeled by a constant acceleration (cma) with self-consistent model 14 free parameters, which we fit to observed cme events from march 25 2008 18:30 to 19:00 ut. | 2.22 | 4.62 | 2.4 |
we construct a simply connected minimal complex surface of general type with @xmath0 and @xmath1 which has an involution such that the minimal resolution of the quotient by the involution is a simply connected minimal complex surface of general type with @xmath0 and @xmath2 . in order to construct the example
, we c... | We build a simply connected minimal complex surface of general type with specific properties (xmath0 and xmath1). This surface has an involution, meaning it can be folded onto itself. When we take the quotient of this surface by the involution and resolve any singularities, we get another simply connected minimal compl... | The simplest way to construct this example is by using a double covering and the gorenstein deformation of the quotient. Specifically, we use the double covering from 2-1, the involution @xmath3, and the gorenstein deformation defined by $ rac{P o q}{q^n+1}$ for $n
e 0$, with a point at infinity removed in order to re... | 1.57 | 4.49 | 2.92 |
no - scale structure of the khler potential is obtained in many types of supersymmetric models . in this paper ,
phenomenological aspects of these models are investigated with special attention to the current higgs mass bound at lep and @xmath0 result at the cleo .
when the boundary condition is given at the gut s... | The study looks at supersymmetric models with no-scale structure. It focuses on how these models relate to current Higgs mass limits from LEP and results from CLEO. When boundary conditions are set at the GUT scale, with universal gaugino masses, only a small region of positive Higgsino mass is allowed if R-parity is c... | Many supersymmetric models without a 'no-scale' structure are examined in this paper, focusing on how they meet current Higgs mass limits from LEP and CLEO. If boundary conditions are set at the GUT scale and gaugino masses are universal, only a small parameter region allows positive higgsino masses if R-parity is cons... | 1.91 | 4.61 | 2.7 |
the estimation of the number of passengers with the identical journey is a common problem for public transport authorities .
this problem is also known as the origin - destination estimation ( od ) problem and it has been widely studied for the past thirty years .
however , the theory is missing when the observati... | Public transport authorities often need to estimate how many passengers take the same route. This is called the origin-destination (OD) estimation problem and has been studied for thirty years. Current methods often lack a theoretical basis when using both passenger counts and station surveys.
We aim to create a soli... | This text talks about estimating the number of passengers with identical journeys as a common problem for public transport authorities, known as Origin-Destination Estimation (ODE). The aim is to provide a framework when only portions of journey counts are observable and use statistical estimation. It differs from prev... | 1.59 | 4.75 | 3.16 |
we propose and experimentally demonstrate a method for non - invasive measurements of cavity parameters by injection of squeezed vacuum into an optical cavity .
the principle behind this technique is the destruction of the correlation between upper and lower quantum sidebands with respect to the carrier frequency wh... | We present a method to measure optical cavity properties without physically interacting with the cavity, by injecting squeezed vacuum into it. This works by disrupting the relationship between specific light waves when the squeezed light enters the cavity. This method is particularly useful for high-quality cavities wh... | we propose & experimentally demonstrate a method for non - invasive measurements of cavity parameters by injection of squeezed vacuum into an optical cavity. | 1.51 | 4.44 | 2.93 |
to investigate chemical reactivity of cu atomic - scale structures , we performed simulations based on the generalized gradient approximation in the density functional theory .
an atomic layer of cu forming a triangular lattice ( tl ) was found to give a stable structure .
the nitrogen monoxide molecule ( no ) was... | To study how copper atoms react at small scales, we did simulations using density functional theory. A single layer of copper forming a triangular pattern was stable. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) molecules stuck to some sites on this layer or on steps in the copper structure. The energy for NO to stick as a molecule was -0.8... | we simulated cu atomic-scale structures using generalized gradient approximation in density functional theory. we found a stable triangular lattice with nitrogen monomer adsorbed at some atomic sites of tl. | 2.45 | 4.59 | 2.14 |
the phenomenology of a system of two coupled quadratic maps is studied both analytically and numerically .
conditions for synchronization are given and the bifurcations of periodic orbits from this regime are identified .
in addition , we show that an arbitrarily large number of distinct stable periodic orbits may... | The study looks at how two connected quadratic maps behave, using both analytical and numerical methods. It explains when they synchronize and how their periodic paths change. Additionally, it shows that many different stable patterns can exist if a parameter is set at the Feigenbaum point. An estimate is also provided... | A systematic analysis of two coupled quadratic maps reveals conditions for synchronization, bifurcations, and the existence of arbitrary number of distinct stable periodic orbits. The coupling strength required to obtain any given number of stable orbits is found. | 1.8 | 4.78 | 2.98 |
we report on an easy - to - evaluate expression for the prediction of the bend - loss for a large mode area photonic crystal fiber ( pcf ) with a triangular air - hole lattice .
the expression is based on a recently proposed formulation of the v - parameter for a pcf and contains no free parameters .
the validity ... | This paper presents a simple formula to predict bending loss in large-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with a triangular air-hole structure. The formula uses a recently developed parameter for PCFs and doesn't require any adjustable parameters. Experiments confirmed the formula’s accuracy for different fiber designs... | We describe an expression for predicting bend loss in large mode area photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with triangular air-hole lattices. This formula does not contain any adjustable parameters and is validated experimentally under different conditions. | 1.03 | 4.86 | 3.83 |
we consider the markov random flight @xmath0 in the three - dimensional euclidean space @xmath1 with constant finite speed @xmath2 and the uniform choice of the initial and each new direction at random time instants that form a homogeneous poisson flow of rate @xmath3 .
series representations for the conditional cha... | We study a Markov random flight in three-dimensional Euclidean space with constant speed and uniformly chosen initial and new directions at random times, which follow a homogeneous Poisson process. Series representations for the conditional characteristic functions of this model are derived for two and three direction ... | xmath0 is considered the markov random flight in the three dimensional euclidean space @xmath1 with a constant finite speed @xmath2 and uniform choice of its initial direction at random time instants forming a homogeneous poisson flow of rate @xmath3. | 1.77 | 4.55 | 2.78 |
the classical structure - function ( sf ) method in fully developed turbulence or for scaling processes in general is influenced by large - scale energetic structures , known as infrared effect .
therefore , the extracted scaling exponents @xmath0 might be biased due to this effect . in this paper , a detrended stru... | The classical structure-function (SF) method in turbulence is affected by large-scale energetic structures, known as infrared effects. This can bias scaling exponents extracted using this method. To address this, a detrended structure-function (DSF) method is proposed. It removes the influence of large-scale structures... | this method aims to extract scaling exponents by constraining large - scale structures using a detrended structure function (dsf) technique, effectively removing the influence of these larger scales in order to obtain more accurate scaling properties for complex dynamics systems. | 1.22 | 4.61 | 3.39 |
making online resources more accessible to physically challenged library users is a topic deserving informed attention from astronomy librarians .
recommendations like wcag 2.0 standards and section 508 , in the united states , have proven valuable , and some vendors are already making their products compliant with ... | Astronomy librarians should focus on making online resources accessible to users with disabilities. While standards like WCAG 2.0 and Section 508 help with vendor products, most resources created by astronomy professionals are not accessible. This article discusses solutions to these accessibility issues. | Astronomy librarians need to focus on making online resources accessible for people with physical challenges. | 1.54 | 4.19 | 2.65 |
we present an analysis of intermediate - dispersion spectra and photometric data of the newly identified cool , polluted white dwarf nltt 19868 . the spectra obtained with x - shooter on the very large telescope ( vlt)-melipal show strong lines of calcium , and several lines of magnesium , aluminium and iron .
we u... | We analyzed the light and spectra of the cool, polluted white dwarf NLTT 19868. The spectra, taken with the VLT, show strong lines of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron.
We used this data to determine the atmospheric properties of NLTT 19868. Our analysis shows it has relatively little iron compared to aluminum a... | We present an analysis of intermediate dispersion spectra and photometric data of the newly identified cool, polluted white dwarf nltt 19868. | 1.6 | 4.78 | 3.18 |
using the formalism of rigorous statistical mechanics , we study the phenomena of phase separation and freezing - point depression upon freezing of solutions .
specifically , we devise an ising - based model of a solvent - solute system and show that , in the ensemble with a fixed amount of solute , a macroscopic ph... | We studied how solutions separate into phases and experience freezing-point depression using statistical mechanics. We created a model using the Ising method for solvent-solute mixtures. This model shows that when the amount of solute is fixed, the solution separates into different phases over a certain range of chemic... | The model predicts a phase separation with boundaries coinciding with formulas used in heuristic analyses of freezing point depression. | 2.42 | 4.68 | 2.26 |
we report on a multi - frequency , multi - epoch campaign of very long baseline interferometry observations of the radio galaxy 1946 + 708 using the vlba and a global vlbi array . from these high - resolution observations
we deduce the kinematic age of the radio source to be @xmath04000 years , comparable with the a... | We studied the radio galaxy 1946 +708 using high-resolution VLBA and global VLBI observations. We found the source's kinematic age to be about 4000 years, similar to other compact symmetric objects (CSOs). Jets eject material every 10 years, with components moving at 0.6 to 0.9 times the speed of light. By ensuring no ... | A multi-frequency, multi-epoch campaign of very long baseline interferometry observations of the radio galaxy 1946 + 708 using the VLBA and a global VLBI array reported. From these high-resolution observations, the kinematic age of the radio source was found to be about 4000 years, similar to the ages of other compact ... | 1.04 | 4.27 | 3.23 |
one of the open problems in higher category theory is the systematic construction of the higher dimensional analogues of the gray tensor product . in this paper
we continue the work of @xcite to adapt the machinery of globular operads @xcite to this task .
the resulting theory includes the gray tensor product of 2... | One open problem in higher category theory is creating higher-dimensional versions of the gray tensor product. This paper continues previous work to use globular operads for this purpose. The developed theory includes the gray tensor product for 2-categories and the Crans tensor product for gray categories. Our new fou... | this paper extends to higher category theory the method of systematic construction of the gray tensor product @xcite. this approach allows for a more transparent integration of globular operads into the hierarchy of theories that we aim to develop , | 1.82 | 4.53 | 2.71 |
the longitudinal polarization of fermions ( tops and taus ) produced in sfermion decays to neutralinos or charginos can be a useful tool for the determination of susy parameters .
we discuss this fermion polarization in the context of the mssm with complex parameters .
we show that the dependence on cp - violating... | The polarization of fermions (top quarks and tau leptons) produced in sfermion decays to neutralinos or charginos can help determine SUSY parameters. We discuss this polarization in the context of the MSSM with complex parameters, showing that CP-violating phases can have a significant impact on it. This means fermion ... | Fermions like tops and taus can tell us about SUSY stuff by how they spin during certain particle changes. This information might also help us understand something called CP phases, especially when we look at different types of particles (sfermion, neutralino, chargino) that come apart in a big theory (MSSM). | 1.41 | 4.68 | 3.27 |
we have observed an outburst of the t tauri star ex lup in march 1994 .
we present both photometric ( bvr ) and spectroscopic ( low and medium resolution ) observations carried out during the decline after outburst .
the star appears much bluer during outburst due to an increased emission of a hot continuum .
th... | We observed an outburst from the T Tauri star EX Lup in March 1994. We conducted photometric (BVR) and spectroscopic (low and medium resolution) observations during its decline after the outburst. The star appeared much bluer during the outburst due to increased emission of a hot continuum. This was accompanied by stro... | The star appears much bluer during outburst due to an increased emission of a hot continuum. | 1.84 | 4.77 | 2.93 |
the liquid - gas phase transition in hot neutron - rich nuclear matter is investigated within a self - consistent thermal model using different interactions with or without isospin and/or momentum dependence .
the boundary of the phase - coexistence region is shown to be sensitive to the density dependence of the nu... | The study examines how hot, neutron-rich nuclear matter transitions between liquid and gas phases using a model that considers different interactions. It shows that the phase boundary is affected by how the symmetry energy depends on density, as well as the interaction's dependence on isospin and momentum. | The liquid - gas transition in hot neutron-rich nuclear matter is investigated within a self-consistent thermal model using different interactions with or without isospin and/or momentum dependence. | 1.21 | 4.38 | 3.17 |
the phase transition of the quantum spin-@xmath0 frustrated heisenberg antiferroferromagnet on an anisotropic square lattice is studied by using a variational treatment .
the model is described by the heisenberg hamiltonian with two antiferromagnetic interactions : nearest - neighbor ( nn ) with different coupling s... | The phase transition of a frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet on an anisotropic square lattice was studied using variational methods. The model is described by a Hamiltonian with two competing nearest-neighbor interactions (different along x and y directions) and a next-nearest neighbor coupling. The ground state pha... | The phase transition of the quantum spin-ordered frustrated Heisenberg antiferroferromagnet on an anisotropic square lattice is studied by using a variational treatment. | 2.34 | 4.58 | 2.24 |
the quasiregular singularities ( horizons ) that form in the collision of cross polarized electromagnetic waves are , as in the linear polarized case , unstable .
the validity of the helliwell - konkowski stability conjecture is tested for a number of exact backreaction cases . in the test electromagnetic case
the... | The quasiregular singularities, which form when cross-polarized electromagnetic waves collide (like horizons), are unstable, just like in the linear polarized case. The Helliwell-Konkowski stability conjecture was tested using several exact backreaction examples. In the test electromagnetic scenario, the conjecture did... | In collisions of waves, unstable spots (called horizons) appear similarly to how they do in simpler cases. The Hellman-Feynman theory is checked against many specific scenarios, but it doesn’t match the results for certain tests. | 1.08 | 3.94 | 2.86 |
we introduce a new background field method for n=2 superspace .
( we treat projective hyperspace , but similar remarks apply for the harmonic case . ) in analogy to n=1 , background gauge fields are in the real representation , so the lowest - dimension potentials are spinor and the usual non - renormalization theor... | We present a new method for a background field in n=2 superspace, focusing on projective hyperspace but noting similarities to harmonic cases. Like n=1, background gauge fields are real, making spinor potentials the lowest dimension and keeping non-renormalization theorems clear. This also removes r-coordinates from th... | n=2 superspace background gauge fields are in the real representation, so we do not need to consider non-renormalization theorems | 1.82 | 4.59 | 2.77 |
a new numerical method is proposed for a 1-d inverse medium scattering problem with multi - frequency data .
this method is based on the construction of a weighted cost functional .
the weight is a carleman weight function ( cwf ) . in other words , this is the function , which is present in the carleman estimate ... | A new numerical method is proposed for solving a one-dimensional inverse medium scattering problem using multi-frequency data. This approach uses a weighted cost functional, where the weight is a Carleman Weight Function (CWF). The CWF ensures that this functional is strictly convex within any pre-selected region in an... | this method is based on constructing a weighted cost functional, which involves using cwf (carleman weight function) as the weighting function for the cost functional. | 1.49 | 4.49 | 3 |
given a real number @xmath0 , we study the associated @xmath1-shift introduced in @xcite .
we compares some aspects of the @xmath2-shift to the @xmath3-shift .
when the expansion in base @xmath4 of @xmath5 is periodic with odd period or when @xmath6 is strictly less than the golden ratio , the @xmath1-shift , as d... | Given a real number x, we study the associated shift introduced in a previous work. We compare some aspects of one shift to another. When the base expansion of a certain number is periodic with an odd period or when a specific value is less than the golden ratio, the first shift cannot be coded because its language isn... | We examine a number shift and compare it to another, focusing on numbers whose base expansions have repeating patterns or are less than the golden ratio. The first type of shift cannot be fully described due to gaps that appear in intervals because its language isn't transitive. We find these gaps by analyzing how they... | 1.24 | 4.56 | 3.32 |
the sunspot number varies roughly periodically with time .
however the individual cycle durations and the amplitudes are found to vary in an irregular manner .
it is observed that the stronger cycles are having shorter rise times and vice versa .
this leads to an important effect know as the waldmeier effect .
... | The sunspot number changes over time in a roughly periodic way, but each cycle's duration and strength varies irregularly. Stronger cycles rise faster than weaker ones. This is known as the Waldmeier effect. The solar cycle also has periods of low activity called grand minima. We explore if these irregularities can be ... | the sunspot number varies roughly periodically with time and amplitudes vary in an irregular manner, causing the waldmeier effect, grand minima, which are strong reduced activity levels | 2.02 | 4.83 | 2.81 |
phylogenetic networks are mathematical structures for modeling and visualization of reticulation processes in the study of evolution .
galled networks , reticulation visible networks , nearly - stable networks and stable - child networks are the four classes of phylogenetic networks that are recently introduced to s... | Phylogenetic networks are tools used to model and visualize reticulation processes in evolutionary studies. There are four main types: galled networks, reticulation visible networks, nearly-stable networks, and stable-child networks. These help in understanding the structure and algorithms of phylogenetic networks. Res... | The Source discusses the four classes of phylogenetic networks including galled networks, reticulation visible networks, nearly - stable networks, and stable- child networks. The results include a binary galled network with @xmath0 leaves having at most @xmath1 reticulation nodes, a binary nearly - stable network with ... | 2.05 | 4.37 | 2.32 |
the jhu turbulence database @xcite can be used with a state of the art visualisation tool @xcite to generate high quality link : anc / dfdsubmissionquarterres.mpg[fluid dynamics videos ] . in this work
we investigate the classical idea that smaller structures in turbulent flows , while engaged in their own internal ... | The Johns Hopkins Turbulence Database can be used with a visualization tool to create fluid dynamics videos. This work explores how smaller structures within turbulent flows are moved by larger structures. These smaller structures are not simply carried along; instead, they are stretched and twisted by the larger ones.... | the jhu turbulence database @xcite can be used with a state of the art visualisation tool @xcite to generate high quality link : anc / dfdsubmissionquarterres.mpg[fluid dynamics videos ] | 1.87 | 4.83 | 2.96 |
electron injection from an adsorbed molecule to the substrate ( heterogeneous electron transfer ) is studied .
one reaction coordinate is used to model this process .
the surface phonons and/or the electron - hole pairs together with the internal degrees of freedom of the adsorbed molecule as well as possibly a li... | The study focuses on how electrons move from an adsorbed molecule to a substrate, which is known as heterogeneous electron transfer. This process is modeled using one reaction coordinate. The environment around the molecule includes surface phonons and electron-hole pairs, as well as internal movements within the molec... | electron injection from an adsorbed molecule to the substrate (heterogeneous electron transfer) | 1.85 | 4.54 | 2.69 |
during the past two years , the galactic black hole microquasar grs 1915 + 105 has exhibited a bewildering diversity of large amplitude , chaotic variability in x - rays .
although it is generally accepted that the variability in this source results from an accretion disk instability , the exact nature of the insta... | Over the past two years, the galactic black hole microquasar GRS 1915+105 has shown very unpredictable and large changes in its X-ray brightness. While most scientists agree that these changes are due to instabilities in the accretion disk around the black hole, they don't know exactly what causes these instabilities. ... | grs 1915 + 105 appears to be a hot toroidal accretion disk with a modified viscosity prescription in its vicinity. The observed temporal variation of the energy release rate from @xmath0-viscosity could be explained by a combination of advection dominated and turbulent flow. | 2.65 | 4.55 | 1.9 |
recent studies of lensing clusters reveal that it might be fairly common for a galaxy cluster that the x - ray center has an obvious offset from its gravitational center which is measured by strong lensing .
we argue that if these offsets exist , then x - rays and lensing are indeed measuring different regions of a ... | Recent studies show that galaxy clusters often have noticeable offsets between their X-ray centers and gravitational centers measured by strong lensing. This suggests that X-rays and lensing measure different cluster regions, leading to discrepancies in gravitational mass measurements. The study explores the dynamical ... | lensed clusters show an offset from their center, which can be used as a way to measure their mass difference through x-ray lensing. | 2.43 | 4.71 | 2.28 |
we study a family of double confluent heun equations that are linearizations of nonlinear equations on two - torus modeling the josephson effect in superconductivity .
they have the form @xmath0 , where @xmath1 is a family of differential operators of order two acting on germs of holomorphic functions in one complex... | We examine a group of double confluent Heun equations, which are linear versions of nonlinear equations on a two-torus used to model the Josephson effect in superconductivity. These equations have the form @xmath0 and involve second-order differential operators acting on holomorphic functions of a complex variable. The... | The family of double confluent heun equations are linearizations of nonlinear equations on two torus modeling the josephson effect in superconductivity, with the form @xmath0 = @xmath1 * @xmath2 * @xmath3 * @xmath4, | 2.66 | 4.45 | 1.79 |
the statistical model of chase and mekjian , which offers an analytic solution for the canonical ensemble of non - interacting fragments , is investigated for it s thermodynamic behavior .
various properties of the model , which exhibits a first - order phase transition , are studied .
the effects of finite partic... | This work studies the thermodynamic behavior of a statistical model developed by Chase and Mekjian, which provides a solution for systems of non-interacting fragments. We examine properties of the model, including its first-order phase transition, and the effects of a limited number of particles. We also consider exte... | The statistical model of chase and mekjian offers an analytic solution for the canonical ensemble of non-interacting fragments, which exhibits a first-order phase transition. Various properties are studied including finite particle number effects. | 1.58 | 4.51 | 2.93 |
the stability of a recently proposed general relativistic model of galaxies is studied in some detail .
this model is a general relativistic version of the well known miyamoto - nagai model that represents well a thick galactic disk .
the stability of the disk is investigated under a general first order perturbati... | This study examines the stability of a new galaxy model based on general relativity. This model is similar to the known Miyamoto-Nagai model, which accurately represents thick galactic disks. The stability of the disk was tested using small changes while keeping spacetime fixed. The results show stability depends on di... | Scientists lookeded at how a new theory of galaxies works, comparing it to an old one that does a good job showing thick disks. They found the old way is better at stopping things from falling apart in these disks. Flat-shaped galaxies seem more likely to get into messy shapes like rings or spirals instead. | 1.43 | 4.76 | 3.33 |
* _ abstract _ : * in this paper , we present a new pipeline which automatically identifies and annotates axoplasmic reticula , which are small subcellular structures present only in axons .
we run our algorithm on the kasthuri11 dataset , which was color corrected using gradient - domain techniques to adjust contra... | This paper introduces a new method to automatically find and label axoplasmic reticula, small structures in axons. The method uses the Kasthuri11 dataset, which was adjusted for color and contrast with gradient-domain techniques. A bilateral filter reduces noise while keeping edges clear, highlighting the reticula. Mor... | We present an algorithm that uses bilateral filters to enhance edges, then applies morphological region growing algorithms to locate axoplasmic reticula in data. Our algorithm is easily adaptable and has high precision. | 1.58 | 4.74 | 3.16 |
the recent data on @xmath0dijet excess reported by cdf may be interpreted as the associated production of a @xmath1 and a new particle of mass about 150 gev which subsequently decays into two hadron jets .
we study the possibility of explaining the @xmath0dijet excess by colored scalar bosons .
there are several c... | The recent data on the dijet excess reported by CDF suggests the associated production of a new particle around 150 GeV that decays into two hadron jets. This study explores whether colored scalar bosons can explain this excess. These scalars can have Yukawa couplings with quarks, and if one has a mass around 150 GeV, ... | The recent data on @xmath0dijet excess reported by cdf may be interpreted as the associated production of a @xmath1 and a new particle of mass about 150 gev which subsequently decays into two hadron jets. | 1.7 | 4.13 | 2.43 |
we present a statistical x - ray study of spiral galaxies in the hubble deep field - north and its flanking fields using the chandra deep field north 1 ms dataset .
we find that @xmath0 galaxies with @xmath1 have ratios of x - ray to @xmath2-band luminosity similar to those in the local universe , although the dat... | We conducted a statistical X-ray study of spiral galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field-North using the Chandra Deep Field North 1 MS dataset. We found that @xmath0 galaxies with @xmath1 have X-ray to @xmath2-band luminosity ratios similar to those in the local universe, though there's a likely increase by a factor of @xmat... | We analyzed spiral galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field-North using the Chandra Deep Field North 1 ms dataset. Our results show that many of these galaxies have similar X-ray to light ratios as those in the local universe, although there is a possible increase in this ratio by a factor of 33. Additionally, typical spiral ... | 1.07 | 4.31 | 3.24 |
the asymmetric spin - orbit interactions play a crucial role in realizing topological phases in noncentrosymmetric superconductor ( ncs ) .
we investigate the edge states and the vortex core states in the @xmath0-wave ncs with dresselhaus ( 110 ) spin - orbit coupling by both numerical and analytical methods .
in ... | We explore how asymmetric spin-orbit interactions help create topological phases in noncentrosymmetric superconductors (NCS). Our study focuses on edge states and vortex core states in a specific type of NCS with Dresselhaus (110) spin-orbit coupling, using both numerical and analytical methods. We find a new semimetal... | the edge states and vortex core states are studied in the dressed delsha ncs with dresselhaus spin orbit coupling. | 1.64 | 4.47 | 2.83 |
in this work , we consider a tight binding lattice with two non - hermitian impurities .
the system is described by a non - hermitian generalization of the aubry andre model .
we show for the first time that there exists topologically nontrivial edge states with real spectra in the @xmath0 symmetric region .
... | In this work, we study a tight-binding lattice with two non-Hermitian impurities. The system is described by a non-Hermitian version of the Aubry-André model. We first demonstrate the existence of topologically nontrivial edge states with real spectra in the PT-symmetric region. Key aspects include the non-Hermitian Ha... | In this work, we show for the first time that there exists topologically nontrivial edge states with real spectra in the symmetric region of a tight binding lattice containing two non-hermitian impurities. | 1.18 | 4.65 | 3.47 |
an important concern in the application of gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) to cosmology is that the calibration of grb luminosity / energy relations depends on the cosmological model , due to the lack of a sufficient low - redshift grb sample . in this paper
, we present a new method to calibrate grb relations in a cosm... | A major issue when using gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in cosmology is calibrating their brightness/energy relationships because it depends on the chosen cosmological model. This is due to a lack of GRB data at low redshifts. In this study, we introduce a new method to calibrate GRB relations without relying on any specific ... | simply put, we use the grb distances to get their luminosities at a given redshift. | 2.22 | 4.58 | 2.36 |
the question of which two - qubit states are steerable ( i.e. permit a demonstration of epr - steering ) remains open . here
, a strong necessary condition is obtained for the steerability of two - qubit states having maximally - mixed reduced states , via the construction of local hidden state models .
it is conj... | The question of which two-qubit states can demonstrate EPR steering remains unanswered. A strong condition for steerability of these states with mixed reduced states is found through local hidden state models. It's believed this condition might be enough. Two other conditions are also proven sufficient using asymmetric... | A strong necessary condition for steerability in two-qubit states is obtainable via a local hidden state model, which involves constructing an epr - steering ellipsoid. | 1.85 | 4.33 | 2.48 |
although the generation of disoriented chiral condensates ( dccs ) , where the order parameter for chiral symmetry breaking is misaligned with respect to the vacuum direction in isospin state , is quite natural in the theory of strong interactions , they have so far eluded experiments in accelerators and cosmic rays .... | Although disoriented chiral condensates (DCCs) are expected in strong interaction theory, they haven't been found in accelerator experiments or cosmic rays. If DCCs form in high-energy nuclear collisions, there would be large fluctuations in the neutral-to-charged pion ratio. This study looks for signs of DCC formation... | The generation of dccs (dilute chiral condensates) is quite natural in the theory of strong interactions. They have so far eluded experiments in accelerators and cosmic rays. If they are formed in high-energy nuclear collisions, the relevant outcome are very large event-by-event fluctuations in the neutral-to-charged p... | 1.55 | 4.47 | 2.92 |
we study the cool gas around a galaxy at @xmath0 using keck / lris spectroscopy of a bright ( @xmath1 ) background galaxy at @xmath2 at a transverse distance of @xmath3 kpc .
the background galaxy spectrum reveals strong , , , and absorption at the redshift of the foreground galaxy , with a @xmath4 rest equivalent w... | We study cool gas around a galaxy using Keck/LRIS spectroscopy of a bright background galaxy at a transverse distance of @xmath3 kpc. Strong absorption lines are detected at the foreground galaxy's redshift, with an equivalent width and velocity dispersion exceeding certain thresholds. The background galaxy is large (@... | The cool gas around a galaxy at xmath0 using keck / lris spectroscopy of a bright ( xmath1 ) background galaxy at xmath2 at xmath3 kpc has strong absorption lines at redshift 4. | 2.2 | 4.52 | 2.32 |
we propose a scheme for tunable coupling of phase - coupled flux qubits .
the phase - coupling scheme can provide a strong coupling strength of the order of josephson coupling energy of josephson junctions in the connecting loop , while the previously studied inductive coupling scheme can not provide due to small mu... | We propose a method for adjusting how phase-coupled flux qubits interact with each other. This new method offers strong coupling strength, similar to the energy in Josephson junctions of the connecting loop. Previous methods using inductive coupling couldn't achieve this due to low mutual inductance and weak currents. ... | the phase - coupling scheme can provide a strong coupling strength of the order of josephson coupling energy of josephson junctions in the connecting loop, while previously studied inductive coupling schemes cannot provide due to small mutual inductance and induced currents | 1.83 | 4.6 | 2.77 |
proposition algebra is based on hoare s conditional connective , which is a ternary connective comparable to if - then - else and used in the setting of propositional logic .
conditional statements are provided with a simple semantics that is based on evaluation trees and that characterizes so - called free valuatio... | Propositional algebra uses Hoare's conditional connective, which works like an if-then-else statement in logic. Conditional statements have a simple meaning based on evaluation trees, defining what's called free valuation congruence. Two conditionals are freely congruent if their evaluation trees match. This congruence... | The conditional statements are free valuation congruent if and only if they have equal evaluation trees. | 2 | 4.31 | 2.31 |
a theoretical study is presented of surface waves at a monomolecular surfactant film between an isotropic liquid and a nematic liquid crystal for the case when the surfactant film is in the isotropic two - dimensional fluid phase and induces homeotropic ( normal to the interface ) orientation of the nematic director .... | The text describes a study of waves on the surface between a liquid and a nematic liquid crystal, where a single-molecule layer of surfactant creates a homeotropic (normal) orientation. The study derives a dispersion relation and examines different wave modes, considering the anchoring caused by the surfactant layer, i... | a theoretical study presents an analysis of surface waves in the monomolecular surfactant film between an isotropic liquid and a nematic liquid crystal for the case where the surfactant film is immersed in a two-dimensional fluid phase, inducing a homeotropic orientation of the nematic director. | 1.21 | 4.22 | 3.01 |
we study three - dimensional bosonic cluster interacting through van der waals potential at large scattering length .
we use faddeev - type decomposition of the many - body wave function which includes all possible two - body correlations . at large scattering length ,
a series of efimov - like states appear which... | We study three-dimensional groups of bosons that interact through van der Waals forces when they scatter over large distances. We use a method called Faddeev decomposition to understand all possible interactions between pairs of particles. At these large scattering lengths, we find extended states similar to Efimov sta... | A series of Efimov-like states appear at large scattering length, which are spatially extended and exhibit exponential dependence on state number. Faddeev-type decomposition is used in three-dimensional bosonic cluster interacting through van der Waals potential at large scattering length. Experiments with ultracold Bo... | 1.37 | 4.44 | 3.07 |
this article reviews the use of single electron spins to compute . in classical computing schemes , a binary bit
is represented by the spin polarization of a single electron confined in a quantum dot .
if a weak magnetic field is present , the spin orientation becomes a binary variable which can encode logic 0 and... | This article discusses using electron spins for computing. In this system, a bit of information is stored using the spin of a single electron in a quantum dot. A magnetic field controls the spin to represent 0 or 1. Combining these spin states creates a qubit. Logic gates, for both regular and quantum computing, can be... | a binary bit representation using single electron spins to implement logic gates and perform computations in classical computing schemes | 2.22 | 4.84 | 2.62 |
the last part of sps5 dealt with the circumstellar environment .
structures are indeed found around several types of massive stars , such as blue and red supergiants , as well as wrs and lbvs . as shown in the last years
, the potential of ir for their study is twofold : first , ir can help discover many previousl... | The final part of SPS5 discussed the area around massive stars. Structures have been found around different types of big stars like blue and red supergiants, WRs, and LBVs. In recent years, infrared (IR) has two main uses for studying these. First, IR helps find new nebulae that weren't known before, which helps identi... | the last part of sps5 dealt with the circumstellar environment . structures are indeed found around several types of massive stars such as blue and red supergiants as well as wrs and lbvs | 1.52 | 4.61 | 3.09 |
a multi - resolution bead - spring model for polymer dynamics is developed as a generalization of the rouse model .
a polymer chain is described using beads of variable sizes connected by springs with variable spring constants . a numerical scheme which can use different timesteps to advance the positions of differe... | A new computer model simulates how polymers move. It builds on a simpler model called the Rouse model by using beads of different sizes connected by springs with varying strengths. The model updates the position of each bead at different time steps, depending on its springs. This allows detailed simulations of specific... | A multiscale model on both spatial and temporal scales allows simulations of localized regions with high spatial and temporal resolution using a coarser modelling approach to describe the rest of the polymer chain. | 2.29 | 4.7 | 2.41 |
interval exchange maps are related to geodesic flows on translation surfaces ; they correspond to the first return maps of the vertical flow on a transverse segment .
the rauzy - veech induction on the space of interval exchange maps provides a powerful tool to analyze the teichmller geodesic flow on the moduli spac... | Interval exchange maps are tied to geodesic flows on translation surfaces, specifically as first return maps for the vertical flow on a transverse segment. The Rauzy-Veech induction on interval exchange maps is a powerful tool for analyzing the Teichmüller geodesic flow on the moduli space of abelian differentials, lea... | The rauzy-veech induction on the space of interval exchange maps provides a powerful tool to analyze the Teichmüller geodesic flow on the moduli space of abelian differentials. | 1.99 | 4.19 | 2.2 |
we investigate if consequential angular momentum losses ( caml ) or an intrinsic deformation of the donor star in cvs could increase the cv bounce period from the canonical theoretical value @xmath0 min to the observed value @xmath1 min , and if a variation of these effects in a cv population could wash out the theore... | We examined if significant angular momentum losses (CAML) or deformation of the donor star in cataclysmic variables (CVs) could explain the longer observed bounce period, and if varying these effects could eliminate the predicted period spike. We created mixed CV model populations that can't be ruled out as the parent ... | We investigate if consequential angular momentum losses (caml) or an intrinsic deformation of the donor star in cvs could increase the cv bounce period from the canonical theoretical value @xmath0 min to the observed value @xmath1 min and if a variation of these effects in a cv population could wash out the theoretical... | 1.53 | 4.28 | 2.75 |
interference of fractionally charged quasi - particles is expected to lead to aharonov - bohm oscillations with periods larger than the flux quantum @xmath0 . however , according to the byers - yang theorem , observables of an electronic system are invariant under adiabatic insertion of a quantum of singular flux .
... | The interference of tiny charged particles is thought to cause Aharonov-Bohm oscillations with larger flux periods than previously known. However, the Byers-Yang theorem says that electronic system properties don’t change when adding a flux quantum. This contradiction is solved using a microscopic model of a Mach-Zehnd... | This explanation seems to oversimplify the concept of interference and its relationship to the flux quantum @xmath0. It incorrectly implies that interferometers can be made by inserting a quantum particle into an optical beam, despite this not being possible in practice. | 2.91 | 4.53 | 1.62 |
nuclear parton distribution functions ( npdfs ) are determined by global analyses of experimental data on structure - function ratios @xmath0 and drell - yan cross - section ratios @xmath1 .
the analyses are done in the leading order ( lo ) and next - to - leading order ( nlo ) of running coupling constant @xmath2 .... | Nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) are determined by analyzing experimental data from structure function ratios and Drell-Yan cross-section ratios. These analyses are done at different orders of approximation: leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO). Uncertainties in nPDFs are estimated in both LO... | the analysis takes global data on structure function ratios and drell-yans cross section ratios @xmath1 to determine nuclear parton distribution functions (npdfs), which are used to determine properties of these particles at high energies. | 2.06 | 4.47 | 2.41 |
let @xmath0 be an oriented surface of genus @xmath1 with @xmath2 punctures and @xmath3 .
we construct an uncountable family of probability measures on the space @xmath4 of area one holomorphic quadratic differentials over the moduli space for @xmath0 containing the usual lebesgue measure .
these measures are invar... | Let @xmath0 be a surface with @xmath1 genus, @xmath2 punctures, and @xmath3. We define a family of probability measures on the space @xmath4 of area one holomorphic quadratic differentials, including Lebesgue measure. These measures are invariant under the Teichmüller geodesic flow @xmath5, are mixing, are absolutely c... | These measures are invariant under the teichmeller geodesic flow @xmath5 , and they are mixing, absolutely continuous with respect to the stable and unstable foliation and exponentially recurrent to a compact set. | 2.03 | 4.44 | 2.41 |
we study the thermodynamics of small black holes in compactified spacetimes of the form @xmath0 .
this system is analyzed with the aid of an effective field theory ( eft ) formalism in which the structure of the black hole is encoded in the coefficients of operators in an effective worldline lagrangian . in this eff... | We examine the thermodynamics of tiny black holes in compact spaces, using an effective field theory (EFT) framework. This approach represents the black hole structure through terms in a worldline Lagrangian. A small parameter in the EFT captures corrections to thermodynamics from non-linear gravity and the black hole'... | Scientists examine how small black holes behave using simplified theories to understand their energy and temperature, considering factors like gravity's influence and tiny size. | 1.99 | 4.56 | 2.57 |
a steradian of the southern sky has been imaged at 151.5 mhz using the mauritius radio telescope ( mrt ) .
these images show systematics in positional errors of sources when compared to source positions in the molonglo reference catalogue ( mrc ) .
we have applied two - dimensional homography to correct for syste... | The Mauritius Radio Telescope (MRT) imaged a section of the southern sky at 151.5 MHz. The images showed small positional errors compared to the Molonglo catalogue. These errors were corrected using a mathematical technique applied to the images, avoiding reprocessing the original data. After correction, errors were re... | to remove systematic errors in imaging systems, we apply two-dimensional homography to correct for them, avoiding re-processing visibility data. | 2.46 | 4.22 | 1.76 |
superscaling analysis of electroweak nuclear response functions is done for momentum transfer values from 300 to 700 mev / c .
some effects , absent in the relativistic fermi gas model , where the superscaling holds by construction , are considered . from the responses calculated for the @xmath0c , @xmath1o and @xma... | We analyzed nuclear response functions for electroweak interactions at momentum transfers between 300 to 700 MeV/c. This analysis considers effects not present in the relativistic Fermi gas model, where superscaling is assumed by default. We extracted a universal superscaling function from calculations done on carbon-1... | The superscaling analysis of electroweak nuclear response functions for momentum transfer values from 300 to 700 meV/c has been done, where some effects that are absent in relativistic Fermi gas model constructions have been considered. From the responses calculated for nuclei @xmath0c, @xmath1o and @xmath2ca , we extr... | 1.64 | 4.56 | 2.92 |
the complexity of the equation solvability problem is known for nilpotent groups , for not solvable groups and for some semidirect products of abelian groups .
we provide a new polynomial time algorithm for deciding the equation solvability problem over certain semidirect products , where the first factor is not nec... | The solvability problem for equations in nilpotent groups, non-solvable groups, and some semidirect products of abelian groups is complex. We introduce a new polynomial time algorithm to decide equation solvability in certain semidirect products where the first factor isn't necessarily abelian. Our approach involves re... | For nilpotent groups, for not solvable groups, and for some semidirect products of abelian groups, we provide a new polynomial time algorithm for deciding the equation solvability problem over certain semidirect products. Specifically, our main idea is to represent such groups as matrix groups, and reduce the original ... | 1.92 | 4.35 | 2.43 |
we present new , high resolution , infrared spectra of the t dwarf gliese 229b in the @xmath0 , @xmath1 , and @xmath2 bandpasses .
we analyze each of these as well as previously published spectra to determine its metallicity and the abundances of nh@xmath3 and co in terms of the surface gravity of gl 229b , which re... | We present new, high-resolution infrared spectra of the T dwarf gliese 229b in the Xmath0 , Xmath1 , and Xmath2 bandpasses. | We analyze new, high-resolution infrared spectra of GJ 229b in certain wavelengths to find its metallicity and nitrogen abundance. The metallicity goes up with gravity but is less than solar levels unless it's a high-gravity brown dwarf. Nitrogen data from @xmath1 and @xmath2 bands reveal strong signs of atmospheric dy... | 1.21 | 4.66 | 3.45 |
the absorption of free linear chains in a polymer brush was studied with respect to chain size @xmath0 and compatibility @xmath1 with the brush by means of monte carlo ( mc ) simulations and density functional theory ( dft ) / self - consistent field theory ( scft ) at both moderate , @xmath2 , and high , @xmath3 , gr... | We studied how free polymer chains are absorbed into a polymer brush using computer simulations and theoretical calculations at different brush densities. We examined different concentrations of these free chains. Unlike some cases where all chains are ejected, we found that absorption changes sharply depending on chai... | the study of free linear chains in a polymer brush was analyzed with respect to chain size @xmath0 and compatibility @xmath1 at both moderate, @xmath2 , and high grafting densities using a bead-spring model | 1.61 | 4.58 | 2.97 |
system of a d - brane in bosonic string theory on a constant @xmath0 field background is studied in order to obtain further insight into the bulk - boundary duality .
boundary states which describe arbitrary numbers of open - string tachyons and gluons are given .
uv behaviors of field theories on the non - commut... | The study examines a system of D-branes in bosonic string theory with a constant background field. This helps explore the relationship between the bulk and boundary of spacetime. Boundary states are considered, which include various open-string particles like tachyons and gluons. The behavior of these theories at short... | A system of a d - brane in bosonic string theory on a constant @xmath0 field background is studied to obtain further insight into the bulk-boundary duality. | 1.8 | 4.77 | 2.97 |
in a recent publication we have presented the stochastic green function ( sgf ) algorithm , which has the properties of being general and easy to apply to any lattice hamiltonian of the form @xmath0 , where @xmath1 is diagonal in the chosen occupation number basis and @xmath2 has only positive matrix elements .
we p... | In a recent study, we introduced the Stochastic Green Function (SGF) algorithm, which works for various lattice Hamiltonians like @xmath0. Here, @xmath1 is diagonal in the chosen basis, and @xmath2 has only positive elements. We now present an improved update method that maintains the simplicity and flexibility of the ... | A recently presented Stochastic Green Function algorithm is proposed here in which a modified version of an update scheme enhances efficiency. It's general and easy to apply to any lattice Hamiltonian of the form H = @xmath0 , where @xmath1 is diagonal in the chosen occupation number basis, and @xmath2 has only positiv... | 1.22 | 4.49 | 3.27 |
american options in a multi - asset market model with proportional transaction costs are studied in the case when the holder of an option is able to exercise it gradually at a so - called mixed ( randomised ) stopping time . the introduction of gradual exercise leads to tighter bounds on the option price when compared... | This study examines American options in a multi-asset market with transaction costs, focusing on cases where the option can be exercised gradually at random times. This gradual exercise results in tighter price bounds compared to traditional instant exercise methods. The research develops algorithms for calculating bid... | The holder of an option can exercise it gradually at a so - called mixed ( randomised ) stopping time. | 1.28 | 4.31 | 3.03 |
the no@xmath0a collaboration has constructed a 14,000 ton , fine - grained , low - z , total absorption tracking calorimeter at an off - axis angle to an upgraded numi neutrino beam .
this detector , with its excellent granularity and energy resolution and relatively low - energy neutrino thresholds , was designed t... | The NOvA collaboration built a large, highly detailed detector for studying neutrinos. It’s placed at an angle off the main beam of upgraded NUMI neutrino particles. The detector is good at distinguishing different types of particles and can detect low-energy neutrinos, making it ideal for seeing electron neutrinos in ... | The 14,000 ton , fine-grained low - z - total absorption tracking calorimeter at an off-axis angle to an upgraded numi neutrino beam has been constructed for a direct dark matter search using electron neutrinos in a muon neutrino beam. It offers unique capabilities suitable for more exotic efforts such as indirect dark... | 2.08 | 4.68 | 2.6 |
the structural energetics of pdti and ptti have been studied using first - principles density - functional theory with pseudopotentials and a plane - wave basis .
we predict that in both materials , the experimentally reported orthorhombic @xmath0 phase will undergo a low - temperature phase transition to a monoclin... | The structural energetics of PdTi and PtTi were studied using density-functional theory with pseudopotentials and a plane-wave basis. It was predicted that in both materials, the orthorhombic phase observed experimentally will transition to a monoclinic ground state at low temperatures. The study links the orthorhombic... | in both materials , the experimentally reported orthorhombic @xmath0 phase will undergo a low - temperature phase transition to a monoclinic @xmath1 ground state | 1.79 | 4.37 | 2.58 |
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This repository contains the synthetic DPO dataset created in the our thesis Training Language Models on Synthetic Data for Scientific Text Simplification. It contains 18314 chosen/rejected pairs together with the original abstract that was simplified, the scores we assigned each simplification in our paper as well as the score difference between them.
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