Datasets:

KLL505
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MedDataset_Training

qtype stringclasses 15 values	Question stringlengths 16 191	Answer stringlengths 6 29k	Text stringlengths 100 29.1k
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans ?	What are the signs and symptoms of Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans. If the information is available, the table below include...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans ? ### Assistant: What are the signs and symptoms of Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Sev...
treatment	What are the treatments for familial erythrocytosis ?	These resources address the diagnosis or management of familial erythrocytosis: - Genetic Testing Registry: Erythrocytosis, familial, 2 - Genetic Testing Registry: Erythrocytosis, familial, 3 - Genetic Testing Registry: Erythrocytosis, familial, 4 - Genetic Testing Registry: Familial erythrocytosis, 1 - MedlinePlu...	"### Human: What are the treatments for familial erythrocytosis ? ### Assistant: These resources address the diagnosis or management of familial erythrocytosis: - Genetic Testing Registry: Erythrocytosis, familial, 2 - Genetic Testing Registry: Erythrocytosis, familial, 3 - Genetic Testing Registry: Erythrocytosis, ...
frequency	How many people are affected by autosomal recessive congenital methemoglobinemia ?	The incidence of autosomal recessive congenital methemoglobinemia is unknown.	"### Human: How many people are affected by autosomal recessive congenital methemoglobinemia ? ### Assistant: The incidence of autosomal recessive congenital methemoglobinemia is unknown."
information	What is (are) Jackson-Weiss syndrome ?	Jackson-Weiss syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by foot abnormalities and the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face. Many of the characteristic facial features of Jackson-Weiss syndrom...	"### Human: What is (are) Jackson-Weiss syndrome ? ### Assistant: Jackson-Weiss syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by foot abnormalities and the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face. M...
information	What is (are) Gum (Periodontal) Disease ?	An Infection of the Gums and Surrounding Tissues Gum (periodontal) disease is an infection of the gums and surrounding tissues that hold teeth in place. The two forms of gum disease are gingivitis, a mild form that is reversible with good oral hygiene, and periodontitis, a more severe form that can damage the soft tiss...	"### Human: What is (are) Gum (Periodontal) Disease ? ### Assistant: An Infection of the Gums and Surrounding Tissues Gum (periodontal) disease is an infection of the gums and surrounding tissues that hold teeth in place. The two forms of gum disease are gingivitis, a mild form that is reversible with good oral hygiene...
information	What is (are) Cardiogenic Shock ?	Cardiogenic (kar-dee-oh-JE-nik) shock is a condition in which a suddenly weakened heart isn't able to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The condition is a medical emergency and is fatal if not treated right away. The most common cause of cardiogenic shock is damage to the heart muscle from a ...	"### Human: What is (are) Cardiogenic Shock ? ### Assistant: Cardiogenic (kar-dee-oh-JE-nik) shock is a condition in which a suddenly weakened heart isn't able to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The condition is a medical emergency and is fatal if not treated right away. The most common cau...
inheritance	Is Potocki-Shaffer syndrome inherited ?	Potocki-Shaffer syndrome follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, which means a deletion of genetic material from one copy of chromosome 11 is sufficient to cause the disorder. In some cases, an affected person inherits the chromosome with a deleted segment from an affected parent. More commonly, the conditio...	"### Human: Is Potocki-Shaffer syndrome inherited ? ### Assistant: Potocki-Shaffer syndrome follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, which means a deletion of genetic material from one copy of chromosome 11 is sufficient to cause the disorder. In some cases, an affected person inherits the chromosome with a d...
inheritance	Is Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome inherited ?	This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.	"### Human: Is Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome inherited ? ### Assistant: This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder."
treatment	What are the treatments for Osteoarthritis ?	People with osteoarthritis may find many non-drug ways to relieve pain. Below are some examples. Heat and cold. Heat or cold (or a combination of the two) can be useful for joint pain. Heat can be applied in a number of different ways -- with warm towels, hot packs, or a warm bath or shower -- to increase blood flow a...	"### Human: What are the treatments for Osteoarthritis ? ### Assistant: People with osteoarthritis may find many non-drug ways to relieve pain. Below are some examples. Heat and cold. Heat or cold (or a combination of the two) can be useful for joint pain. Heat can be applied in a number of different ways -- with warm...
information	What is (are) Knee Replacement ?	The main reason to have knee replacement surgery is to ease pain and disability caused by arthritis or other joint problems, while preserving movement. Less commonly, it is used to correct some kinds of knee deformity.	"### Human: What is (are) Knee Replacement ? ### Assistant: The main reason to have knee replacement surgery is to ease pain and disability caused by arthritis or other joint problems, while preserving movement. Less commonly, it is used to correct some kinds of knee deformity."
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Stroke ?	Know the Signs Knowing the warning signs of stroke and controlling stroke's risk factors can lower your risk of death or disability. If you suffer a stroke, you may not realize it at first. The people around you might not know it, either. Your family, friends, or neighbors may think you are unaware or confused. You may...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Stroke ? ### Assistant: Know the Signs Knowing the warning signs of stroke and controlling stroke's risk factors can lower your risk of death or disability. If you suffer a stroke, you may not realize it at first. The people around you might not know it, either. Your family, friends...
complications	are there complications from botulism?	Botulism can result in death due to respiratory failure. However, in the past 50 years the proportion of patients with botulism who die has fallen from about 50% to 3-5%. A patient with severe botulism may require a breathing machine as well as intensive medical and nursing care for several months, and some patients di...	"### Human: are there complications from botulism? ### Assistant: Botulism can result in death due to respiratory failure. However, in the past 50 years the proportion of patients with botulism who die has fallen from about 50% to 3-5%. A patient with severe botulism may require a breathing machine as well as intensive...
causes	What causes Childhood Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors ?	The cause of most childhood brain and spinal cord tumors is unknown.	"### Human: What causes Childhood Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors ? ### Assistant: The cause of most childhood brain and spinal cord tumors is unknown."
genetic changes	What are the genetic changes related to malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy ?	The genetic cause of MMPSI is not fully known. Mutations in the KCNT1 gene have been found in several individuals with this condition and are the most common known cause of MMPSI. Mutations in other genes are also thought to be involved in the condition. The KCNT1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that f...	"### Human: What are the genetic changes related to malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy ? ### Assistant: The genetic cause of MMPSI is not fully known. Mutations in the KCNT1 gene have been found in several individuals with this condition and are the most common known cause of MMPSI. Mutations in other gene...
inheritance	Is X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism inherited ?	This condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The gene associated with this condition is located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In females (who have t...	"### Human: Is X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism inherited ? ### Assistant: This condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The gene associated with this condition is located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene ...
causes	What causes Gas in the Digestive Tract ?	Gas in the digestive tract is usually caused by swallowing air and by the breakdown of certain foods in the large intestine by bacteria. Everyone swallows a small amount of air when eating and drinking. The amount of air swallowed increases when people - eat or drink too fast - smoke ...	"### Human: What causes Gas in the Digestive Tract ? ### Assistant: Gas in the digestive tract is usually caused by swallowing air and by the breakdown of certain foods in the large intestine by bacteria. Everyone swallows a small amount of air when eating and drinking. The amount of air swallowed incr...
genetic changes	What are the genetic changes related to dystonia 6 ?	Dystonia 6 is caused by mutations in the THAP1 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is a transcription factor, which means that it attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and regulates the activity of other genes. Through this function, it is thought to help control several processes in t...	"### Human: What are the genetic changes related to dystonia 6 ? ### Assistant: Dystonia 6 is caused by mutations in the THAP1 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is a transcription factor, which means that it attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and regulates the activity of other ge...
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Lemierre syndrome ?	What are the symptoms reported in children who have Lemierre syndrome? In children and adolescents, Lemierre syndrome usually begins with a severe sore throat, persistent fever, and possibly chills. Some cases begin with acute otitis media. As the syndrome progresses, there is neck pain and tender swelling along the in...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Lemierre syndrome ? ### Assistant: What are the symptoms reported in children who have Lemierre syndrome? In children and adolescents, Lemierre syndrome usually begins with a severe sore throat, persistent fever, and possibly chills. Some cases begin with acute otitis media. As the ...
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Catamenial pneumothorax ?	What are the signs and symptoms of Catamenial pneumothorax? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Catamenial pneumothorax. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medic...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Catamenial pneumothorax ? ### Assistant: What are the signs and symptoms of Catamenial pneumothorax? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Catamenial pneumothorax. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the sy...
information	What is (are) 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome ?	5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by severe intellectual disability, absent speech, stereotypic movements and epilepsy. Unusual facial features include high broad forehead with variable small chin, short nose with anteverted nares (nostrils that open to the front rather than downward), large open mouth, up...	"### Human: What is (are) 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome ? ### Assistant: 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by severe intellectual disability, absent speech, stereotypic movements and epilepsy. Unusual facial features include high broad forehead with variable small chin, short nose with anteverted nares (no...
genetic changes	What are the genetic changes related to 6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus ?	6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is caused by the overactivity (overexpression) of certain genes in a region of the long (q) arm of chromosome 6 called 6q24. People inherit two copies of their genes, one from their mother and one from their father. Usually both copies of each gene are active, or "turne...	"### Human: What are the genetic changes related to 6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus ? ### Assistant: 6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is caused by the overactivity (overexpression) of certain genes in a region of the long (q) arm of chromosome 6 called 6q24. People inherit two copies ...
information	What is (are) Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A ?	Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A is a type of pseudohypoparathyroidism. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is when your body is unable to respond to parathyroid hormone, which is a hormone that controls the levels of calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D in the blood. The symptoms are very similar to hypoparathyroidism (when parat...	"### Human: What is (are) Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A ? ### Assistant: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A is a type of pseudohypoparathyroidism. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is when your body is unable to respond to parathyroid hormone, which is a hormone that controls the levels of calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D i...
information	What is (are) Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency ?	Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is a neurological condition caused by an inborn error of metabolism. BH4 is a substance in the body that enhances the action of other enzymes. Deficiency of BH4 leads to abnormally high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine, and low levels of certain neurotransmitters. Signs ...	"### Human: What is (are) Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency ? ### Assistant: Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is a neurological condition caused by an inborn error of metabolism. BH4 is a substance in the body that enhances the action of other enzymes. Deficiency of BH4 leads to abnormally high blood levels of the ami...
information	What is (are) Sore Throat ?	Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx (also called the voice box). The technical name for the throat is pharynx. You can have a sore throat for many reasons. Often, colds and flu cause sore throats. Other causes can include: - Allergies - Mononucleosis...	"### Human: What is (are) Sore Throat ? ### Assistant: Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx (also called the voice box). The technical name for the throat is pharynx. You can have a sore throat for many reasons. Often, colds and flu cause sore throats. Other c...
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Hartnup disease ?	What are the signs and symptoms of Hartnup disease? The signs and symptoms of Hartnup disease may vary and include the following: Skin findings: sensitivity to sunlight Neurologic symptoms: ataxia, spasticity, headaches,and hypotonia Psychiatric symptoms: anxiety, emotional instability, mood changes Ocular findings...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Hartnup disease ? ### Assistant: What are the signs and symptoms of Hartnup disease? The signs and symptoms of Hartnup disease may vary and include the following: Skin findings: sensitivity to sunlight Neurologic symptoms: ataxia, spasticity, headaches,and hypotonia Psychiatric s...
susceptibility	Who is at risk for Merkel Cell Carcinoma? ?	un exposure and having a weak immune system can affect the risk of Merkel cell carcinoma. Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your doctor ...	"### Human: Who is at risk for Merkel Cell Carcinoma? ? ### Assistant: un exposure and having a weak immune system can affect the risk of Merkel cell carcinoma. Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk fa...
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Kleiner Holmes syndrome ?	What are the signs and symptoms of Kleiner Holmes syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Kleiner Holmes syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medic...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Kleiner Holmes syndrome ? ### Assistant: What are the signs and symptoms of Kleiner Holmes syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Kleiner Holmes syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the sy...
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Biliary Atresia ?	The first symptom of biliary atresia is jaundicewhen the skin and whites of the eyes turn yellow. Jaundice occurs when the liver does not remove bilirubin, a reddish-yellow substance formed when hemoglobin breaks down. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color. Bilirubin is absorbed by the liver...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Biliary Atresia ? ### Assistant: The first symptom of biliary atresia is jaundicewhen the skin and whites of the eyes turn yellow. Jaundice occurs when the liver does not remove bilirubin, a reddish-yellow substance formed when hemoglobin breaks down. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich prot...
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Rowley-Rosenberg syndrome ?	What are the signs and symptoms of Rowley-Rosenberg syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Rowley-Rosenberg syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus M...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Rowley-Rosenberg syndrome ? ### Assistant: What are the signs and symptoms of Rowley-Rosenberg syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Rowley-Rosenberg syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often ...
information	What is (are) Carpenter syndrome ?	Carpenter syndrome is a condition characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis), abnormalities of the fingers and toes, and other developmental problems. Craniosynostosis prevents the skull from growing normally, frequently giving the head a pointed appearance (acrocephaly). In severe...	"### Human: What is (are) Carpenter syndrome ? ### Assistant: Carpenter syndrome is a condition characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis), abnormalities of the fingers and toes, and other developmental problems. Craniosynostosis prevents the skull from growing normally, frequently...
treatment	What are the treatments for palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness ?	These resources address the diagnosis or management of palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness: - Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types: Palmoplantar Keratodermas - Genetic Testing Registry: Keratoderma palmoplantar deafness These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and manage...	"### Human: What are the treatments for palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness ? ### Assistant: These resources address the diagnosis or management of palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness: - Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types: Palmoplantar Keratodermas - Genetic Testing Registry: Keratoderma palmoplan...
inheritance	Is adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency inherited ?	This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.	"### Human: Is adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency inherited ? ### Assistant: This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gen...
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Popliteal pterygium syndrome ?	What are the signs and symptoms of Popliteal pterygium syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Popliteal pterygium syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the Medline...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Popliteal pterygium syndrome ? ### Assistant: What are the signs and symptoms of Popliteal pterygium syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Popliteal pterygium syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes h...
symptoms	What are the symptoms of Noonan syndrome 1 ?	What are the signs and symptoms of Noonan syndrome 1? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Noonan syndrome 1. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionar...	"### Human: What are the symptoms of Noonan syndrome 1 ? ### Assistant: What are the signs and symptoms of Noonan syndrome 1? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Noonan syndrome 1. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in p...
information	What is (are) Myoclonus ?	Myoclonus refers to a sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. In its simplest form, myoclonus consists of a muscle twitch followed by relaxation. A hiccup is an example of this type of myoclonus. Other familiar examples of myoclonus are the jerks or "sleep starts" that some people experience while ...	"### Human: What is (are) Myoclonus ? ### Assistant: Myoclonus refers to a sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. In its simplest form, myoclonus consists of a muscle twitch followed by relaxation. A hiccup is an example of this type of myoclonus. Other familiar examples of myoclonus are the jerks...
information	What is (are) Ectopic Kidney ?	The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every minute, a persons kidneys filter about 3 ounces of blood, removing wastes and extra water. The wastes and extra water make up the 1 to 2 quar...	"### Human: What is (are) Ectopic Kidney ? ### Assistant: The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every minute, a persons kidneys filter about 3 ounces of blood, removing wastes and extra...
treatment	What are the treatments for Guillain-Barr Syndrome ?	There is no known cure for Guillain-Barr syndrome, but therapies can lessen the severity of the illness and accelerate the recovery in most patients. There are also a number of ways to treat the complications of the disease. Currently, plasmapheresis (also known as plasma exchange) and high-dose immunoglobulin therapy ...	"### Human: What are the treatments for Guillain-Barr Syndrome ? ### Assistant: There is no known cure for Guillain-Barr syndrome, but therapies can lessen the severity of the illness and accelerate the recovery in most patients. There are also a number of ways to treat the complications of the disease. Currently, plas...
inheritance	Is Kleefstra syndrome inherited ?	The inheritance of Kleefstra syndrome is considered to be autosomal dominant because a deletion in one copy of chromosome 9 in each cell or a mutation in one copy of the EHMT1 gene is sufficient to cause the condition. Most cases of Kleefstra syndrome are not inherited, however. The genetic change occurs most often as ...	"### Human: Is Kleefstra syndrome inherited ? ### Assistant: The inheritance of Kleefstra syndrome is considered to be autosomal dominant because a deletion in one copy of chromosome 9 in each cell or a mutation in one copy of the EHMT1 gene is sufficient to cause the condition. Most cases of Kleefstra syndrome are not...
information	What is (are) phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency ?	Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency is a condition characterized by an unusually small head size (microcephaly); impaired development of physical reactions, movements, and speech (psychomotor retardation); and recurrent seizures (epilepsy). Different types of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency have been de...	"### Human: What is (are) phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency ? ### Assistant: Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency is a condition characterized by an unusually small head size (microcephaly); impaired development of physical reactions, movements, and speech (psychomotor retardation); and recurrent seizures ...
information	What is (are) Cerulean cataract ?	Cerulean cataracts are opaque areas that develop in the lens of the eye that often have a bluish or whitish color. They may be present at birth or develop in very early childhood, but may not be diagnosed until adulthood. They are usually bilateral and progressive. Infants can be asymptomatic, but may also be visually ...	"### Human: What is (are) Cerulean cataract ? ### Assistant: Cerulean cataracts are opaque areas that develop in the lens of the eye that often have a bluish or whitish color. They may be present at birth or develop in very early childhood, but may not be diagnosed until adulthood. They are usually bilateral and progre...