| --- |
| configs: |
| - config_name: authors__author_affiliations |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/affiliations/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__author_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__author_counts_by_year |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/counts_by_year/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__author_display_name_alternatives |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__author_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__author_last_known_institutions |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/last_known_institutions/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__author_sources |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/sources/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__author_topic_share |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/topic_share/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__author_topics |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/topics/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__author_x_concepts |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/x_concepts/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: authors__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/authors/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: awards__award_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/awards/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: awards__award_funded_outputs |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/awards/funded_outputs/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: awards__award_funders |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/awards/funders/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: awards__award_investigators |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/awards/investigators/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: awards__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/awards/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: concepts__concept_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/concepts/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: concepts__concept_counts_by_year |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/concepts/counts_by_year/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: concepts__concept_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/concepts/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: concepts__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/concepts/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: continents__continent_countries |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/continents/countries/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: continents__continent_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/continents/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: continents__continent_display_name_alternatives |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/continents/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: continents__continent_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/continents/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: continents__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/continents/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: countries__countrie_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/countries/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: countries__countrie_continents |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/countries/continents/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: countries__countrie_display_name_alternatives |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/countries/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: countries__countrie_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/countries/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: countries__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/countries/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: domains__domain_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/domains/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: domains__domain_display_name_alternatives |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/domains/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: domains__domain_fields |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/domains/fields/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: domains__domain_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/domains/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: domains__domain_siblings |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/domains/siblings/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: domains__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/domains/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: fields__field_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/fields/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: fields__field_display_name_alternatives |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/fields/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: fields__field_domains |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/fields/domains/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: fields__field_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/fields/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: fields__field_siblings |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/fields/siblings/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: fields__field_subfields |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/fields/subfields/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: fields__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/fields/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: funders__funder_alternate_titles |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/funders/alternate_titles/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: funders__funder_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/funders/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: funders__funder_counts_by_year |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/funders/counts_by_year/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: funders__funder_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/funders/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: funders__funder_roles |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/funders/roles/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: funders__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/funders/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: institution-types__institution-type_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institution-types/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institution-types__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institution-types/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_associated_institutions |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/associated_institutions/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_counts_by_year |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/counts_by_year/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_display_name_acronyms |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/display_name_acronyms/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_display_name_alternatives |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_lineage |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/lineage/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_repositories |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/repositories/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_roles |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/roles/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_topic_share |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/topic_share/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__institution_topics |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/topics/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: institutions__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/institutions/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: keywords__keyword_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/keywords/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: keywords__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/keywords/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: languages__language_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/languages/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: languages__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/languages/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: licenses__license_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/licenses/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: licenses__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/licenses/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: publishers__publisher_alternate_titles |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/publishers/alternate_titles/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: publishers__publisher_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/publishers/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: publishers__publisher_country_codes |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/publishers/country_codes/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: publishers__publisher_counts_by_year |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/publishers/counts_by_year/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: publishers__publisher_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/publishers/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: publishers__publisher_lineage |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/publishers/lineage/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: publishers__publisher_parent_publishers |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/publishers/parent_publishers/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: publishers__publisher_roles |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/publishers/roles/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: publishers__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/publishers/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: sdgs__sdg_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sdgs/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sdgs__sdg_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sdgs/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sdgs__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sdgs/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: source-types__source-type_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/source-types/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: source-types__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/source-types/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: sources__source_alternate_titles |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/alternate_titles/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source_apc_prices |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/apc_prices/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source_counts_by_year |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/counts_by_year/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source_host_organization_lineage |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/host_organization_lineage/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source_issns |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/issns/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source_societies |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/societies/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source_topic_share |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/topic_share/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source_topics |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/topics/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: sources__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/sources/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: subfields__subfield_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/subfields/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: subfields__subfield_display_name_alternatives |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/subfields/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: subfields__subfield_domains |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/subfields/domains/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: subfields__subfield_fields |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/subfields/fields/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: subfields__subfield_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/subfields/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: subfields__subfield_siblings |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/subfields/siblings/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: subfields__subfield_topics |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/subfields/topics/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: subfields__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/subfields/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: topics__topic_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/topics/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: topics__topic_domains |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/topics/domains/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: topics__topic_fields |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/topics/fields/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: topics__topic_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/topics/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: topics__topic_keywords |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/topics/keywords/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: topics__topic_siblings |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/topics/siblings/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: topics__topic_subfields |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/topics/subfields/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: topics__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/topics/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: work-types__work-type_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/work-types/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: work-types__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/work-types/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| - config_name: works__work_abstracts |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/abstracts/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_main |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/main/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_authorships |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/authorships/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_awards |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/awards/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_concepts |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/concepts/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_corresponding_author_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/corresponding_author_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_corresponding_institution_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/corresponding_institution_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_counts_by_year |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/counts_by_year/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_funders |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/funders/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_external_ids |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/external_ids/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_indexed_in |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/indexed_in/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_keywords |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/keywords/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_locations |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/locations/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_mesh |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/mesh/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_referenced_works |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/referenced_works/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_related_works |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/related_works/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_sustainable_development_goals |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/sustainable_development_goals/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__work_topics |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/topics/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: works__source |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/works/**/*.jsonl.gz" |
| pretty_name: OpenAlex Snapshot |
| license: cc0-1.0 |
| papers: |
| - https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01833 |
| annotations_creators: |
| - found |
| - machine-generated |
| language_creators: |
| - found |
| source_datasets: |
| - original |
| tags: |
| - academic |
| - scholarly-metadata |
| - citation-data |
| - bibliometrics |
| - open-science |
| - tabular |
| language: |
| - en |
| - multilingual |
| size_categories: |
| - n>1T |
| task_categories: |
| - tabular-classification |
| - feature-extraction |
| doi: 10.57967/hf/7682 |
| --- |
| |
| # OpenAlex Snapshot |
|
|
| Mirror of the OpenAlex scholarly metadata snapshot — a free, open catalogue of 250M+ scholarly works, 100M+ authors, and related entities. |
|
|
| Hosted on HuggingFace via Xet for content-addressable deduplication. |
|
|
| **Source**: [s3://openalex](https://registry.opendata.aws/openalex/) (public, anonymous S3 bucket) |
|
|
| ## Dataset subsets |
|
|
| Each entity type is a separate subset (config). For each entity, there is: |
| - One `__source` subset containing the raw `.jsonl.gz` source files |
| - One subset per extracted relationship table (e.g. `works__main`, `works__abstracts`, `authors__affiliations`) |
|
|
| | Entity | Description | |
| |--------|-------------| |
| | works | Scholarly works (papers, datasets, etc.) | |
| | authors | Authors of scholarly works | |
| | institutions | Universities, research orgs | |
| | publishers | Academic publishers | |
| | sources | Journals, repositories, conferences | |
| | awards | Grant/funding awards | |
| | concepts | Legacy concept taxonomy (Wikidata) | |
| | topics | Topic taxonomy | |
| | domains | Top-level topic domains | |
| | fields | Topic fields | |
| | subfields | Topic subfields | |
| | funders | Funding organisations | |
| | keywords | Machine-learning keywords | |
| | continents | Continents | |
| | countries | Countries | |
| | languages | Languages | |
| | licenses | Licences | |
| | sdgs | Sustainable Development Goals | |
| | institution-types | Institution types | |
| | source-types | Source types | |
| | work-types | Work types | |
|
|
| ## Data format |
|
|
| Each shard is a gzip-compressed JSON Lines file at: |
|
|
| ``` |
| data/{entity}/updated_date=YYYY-MM-DD/part_XXXX.jsonl.gz |
| ``` |
|
|
| The `.jsonl.gz` extension allows the HuggingFace dataset viewer to detect the inner format automatically. On S3, files are named `part_XXXX.gz`; the download pipeline renames them on save. |
|
|
| Each line is a JSON object representing one entity record. Fields vary by entity type. See the [OpenAlex data model](https://docs.openalex.org/about-the-data) for field definitions. |
|
|
| ### Extracted Parquet tables |
|
|
| The sync pipeline extracts relationship tables from each entity into Parquet files. Each entity has a `main` table (scalar attributes, one row per entity) plus separate tables for each list/dict-valued field: |
|
|
| ``` |
| data/{entity}/ |
| updated_date=YYYY-MM-DD/part_XXXX.jsonl.gz # source data |
| main/ |
| {entity}__updated_date=...__part_XXXX.parquet # scalar attributes |
| {relationship_type}/ |
| {entity}__updated_date=...__part_XXXX.parquet # one edge table per list/dict field |
| ``` |
|
|
| The dataset viewer provides one subset per entity+relationship combination (e.g. `works__main`, `works__abstracts`, `authors__affiliations`) and one `__source` subset per entity for the raw JSONL. |
|
|
| ### Example: Work record fields |
|
|
| `id`, `doi`, `title`, `display_name`, `publication_year`, `type`, `language`, `authorships`, `concepts`, `topics`, `keywords`, `cited_by_count`, `referenced_works`, `related_works`, `locations`, `open_access`, `funders`, `awards`, `mesh`, `sustainable_development_goals`, `counts_by_year`, `updated_date`, and more. |
|
|
| ## Sync and extraction pipeline |
|
|
| The [sync/](https://github.com/Mearman/OpenAlex/tree/main/sync) directory contains a Python pipeline for downloading from S3 and extracting relationship tables to Parquet: |
|
|
| ```bash |
| # Full sync (all entities) |
| python3 -m sync |
| |
| # Limit to one entity |
| python3 -m sync --entity works |
| |
| # Split extraction across machines |
| python3 -m sync --slice-index 0 --slice-total 2 # machine 1 |
| python3 -m sync --slice-index 1 --slice-total 2 # machine 2 |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| OpenAlex data is released under [CC0 1.0 Universal](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). See the [OpenAlex terms](https://openalex.org/about) for details. |
|
|
| ## Links |
|
|
| - [OpenAlex documentation](https://docs.openalex.org) |
| - [OpenAlex API](https://api.openalex.org) |
| - [AWS Open Data Registry](https://registry.opendata.aws/openalex/) |
| - [Extraction pipeline source](https://github.com/Mearman/OpenAlex) |
|
|
