README.md

metadata

license: cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
task_categories:
  - image-segmentation
tags:
  - medical
  - x-ray
  - pelvis
  - fracture
  - synthetic
  - multi-label
pretty_name: 'PENGWIN Task 2: Pelvic Fragment Segmentation on Synthetic X-ray Images'
dataset_info:
  features:
    - name: image_display
      dtype: image
    - name: overlay
      dtype: image
    - name: image
      dtype: image
    - name: mask
      dtype: image
    - name: image_id
      dtype: string
    - name: case_id
      dtype: int32
    - name: projection_index
      dtype: int32
    - name: has_hardware
      dtype: bool
    - name: fragment_labels
      list: int32
    - name: n_fragments
      dtype: int32
    - name: n_sa
      dtype: int32
    - name: n_li
      dtype: int32
    - name: n_ri
      dtype: int32
  splits:
    - name: train
      num_bytes: 37941083347
      num_examples: 50000
  download_size: 37948398318
  dataset_size: 37941083347
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/train-*

PENGWIN Task 2: Pelvic Fragment Segmentation on Synthetic X-ray Images

Mirror of the training split of Task 2 of the MICCAI 2024 PENGWIN challenge (https://pengwin.grand-challenge.org/), from the official Zenodo record 10913196 (train.zip, md5 9c90215dae54d8f494a85cfc7b19bc96).

These are SYNTHETIC X-rays, not real radiographs: DeepDRR renders of the 100 PENGWIN Task 1 training CTs simulating intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy, 500 random poses per CT = 50,000 image/mask pairs. Projections 0000-0249 show clean anatomy; 0250-0499 additionally contain up to 10 simulated K-wires/orthopaedic screws (has_hardware). The challenge validation (8,000) and test (600) X-rays were never publicly released. No real radiographs exist anywhere in PENGWIN 2024. (Zenodo's description writes the hardware range as 0250-0500; indices verifiably end at 0499.)

Columns

Column	Content
image_display	uint8 JPEG, official visualize_drr rendering (neg-log -> CLAHE -> invert). Browsing aid, lossy.
overlay	RGB JPEG, per-fragment color fill + contour on image_display. Browsing aid, lossy.
image	Raw float32 448x448 DRR (lossless deflate TIFF, pixel-identical to Zenodo). Intensities are pre-neg-log; apply -log + windowing before use (see below).
mask	uint32 bit-encoded multi-label segmentation (lossless deflate TIFF; stored int32, values < 2^31, pixel-identical to Zenodo). NOT a plain label map.
image_id	{case:03d}_{projection:04d}
case_id	Source CT case 1-100 == the same patient's PENGWIN_Task1 volume (see Overlap)
projection_index	0-499
has_hardware	projection_index >= 250
fragment_labels	Fragment labels present (set bit positions 1-30)
n_fragments, n_sa, n_li, n_ri	Fragment counts (total / sacrum / left hipbone / right hipbone)

Mask encoding

A pixel's uint32 value has bit b = 10*(category-1) + fragment set iff that fragment projects onto the pixel (categories: 1 sacrum SA, 2 left hipbone LI, 3 right hipbone RI; fragments 1-10, fragment 1 = main). Overlapping fragments are the norm (X-ray projection superimposes bone), so decode to per-fragment binary masks - do not treat the value as a class ID. Bit 0 is never set. Bit b corresponds exactly to label value b in MedOtter/PENGWIN_Task1.

import numpy as np
masks = [((seg >> b) & 1).astype(bool) for b in range(1, 31) if ((seg >> b) & 1).any()]

The official pengwin_utils.py (this repo's root, from the Zenodo record) provides seg_to_masks / masks_to_seg, the DRR renderer, and the challenge augmentation pipeline. Official deterministic test-time input: neglog then quantile window (0.01, 0.95) (see build_augmentation(train=False)).

Overlap warning

Derived from exactly the 100 CTs in MedOtter/PENGWIN_Task1 (same case numbering, same patients) - never treat the two as independent benchmarks. Task 1 in turn likely shares patients with CTPelvic1K's CLINIC subset (no ID crosswalk exists), and its GT was seeded by a CTPelvic1K-pretrained nnU-Net. Do not confuse with the separate PENGWIN 2026 challenge, whose "Task 2" is a different task on different data.

License

The Zenodo record metadata declares CC BY 4.0, while the challenge summary paper's Data Availability statement says the X-ray training set is released under CC BY-NC-SA - the same record-vs-paper conflict as PENGWIN Task 1. As with our Task 1 mirror, this mirror adopts the stricter author-stated CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.

Citation

Sang Y. et al., "Benchmark of Segmentation Techniques for Pelvic Fracture in CT and X-Ray: Summary of the PENGWIN 2024 Challenge," IEEE TMI, doi:10.1109/TMI.2025.3650126 (arXiv:2504.02382). Data: doi:10.5281/zenodo.10913196. Lineage: Liu Y. et al., MICCAI 2023, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43996-4_30.