id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_12800 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On April 7, 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published amendments to the January 15, 2015, final rule designating areas for compliance with the 2013 primary annual National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Revising a NAAQS established under the Clean Air Act (CAA)... | [
"Under Sections 108-109 of the Clean Air Act (CAA), Congress mandated that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set national ambient (outdoor) air quality standards (or NAAQS) for pollutants whose emissions (1) \"may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare\" and (2) \"results from numero... |
train_12801 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military personnel issues typically generate significant interest from many Members of Congress and their staffs. Ongoing military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan in support of the Global War on Terror, along with the emerging operational role of the Reserve Components, further heightened interest and support for a ... | [
"Each year, the Senate and House Armed Services Committee report their respective versions of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). These contain numerous provisions that affect military personnel, retirees and their family members. Provisions in one version are often not included in another, treated diffe... |
train_12802 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The military construction (MilCon) appropriations bill provides funding for (1) military construction projects in the United States and overseas; (2) military family housing operations andconstruction; (3) U.S. contributions to the NATO Security Investment Program; and (4) the bulk ofbase realignment and closure (BRAC)... | [
"The House Appropriations Committee marked up the Military Construction Appropriations billfor FY2002 ( H.R. 2904 ) on September 20, 2001, with House passage the next day ona 401-0 vote (vote no. 344). The Senate Appropriations Committee marked up its version of the bill( S. 1460 ) on September 25 and passed it the... |
train_12803 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), eight agencies are designated components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The PHS agencies are funded primarily with annual discretionary appropriations. They also receive significant amounts of funding from other sources including mandatory funds from t... | [
"The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has designated eight of its 11 operating divisions (agencies) as components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The PHS agencies are: (1) the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), (2) the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), (... |
train_12804 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | President Obama requested a total of $123.7 billion for FY2011 for the Department of Transportation, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the related agencies that are funded through the annual Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations (THUD) act. This request re... | [
"On March 17, 2011, Congress passed P.L. 112-6 —the sixth in a series of continuing resolutions (CRs)—to fund the federal government through April 8. It cut $6 billion in discretionary funding, of which $50 million came from DOT (funding for a rail safety technology grant program) and $18 million from HUD (brownfie... |
train_12805 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Air Force is in the midst of an ambitious aviation modernization program, driven primarily by the age of its current aircraft fleets. Four major programs are in procurement, with five more in research and development (R&D). The need to replace several types of aircraft simultaneously poses challenges to future... | [
"We must modernize the Air Force. This isn't optional. We must do it. And it will be painful because we will have to make hard choices.—General Mark Welsh, Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force We can't – particularly with $17 billion less in 2017 – we're not going to be able to do it all. — Deborah Lee James, Secretary o... |
train_12806 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) establishes a framework that addresses the liability of responsible parties in connection with the discharge of oil into the navigable waters of the United States, adjoining shorelines, or the exclusive economic zone. Among other provisions, OPA limits certain liabilities of a respon... | [
"The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) establishes a framework that addresses the liability of responsible parties in connection with the discharge of oil into the navigable waters of the United States, adjoining shorelines, or the exclusive economic zone. Among other provisions, OPA limits certain liabilities of a r... |
train_12807 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | President Obama requested $147.696 billion for research and development (R&D) in FY2011, a $343 million (0.2%) increase from the estimated FY2010 R&D funding level of $147.353 billion. Congress plays a central role in defining the nation's R&D priorities, especially with respect to two overarching issues: the extent to... | [
"The 111 th Congress took continuing interest in the health of the U.S. research and development (R&D) enterprise and in providing sustained support for federal R&D activities. However, the 111 th Congress was unable to enact any of the regular appropriations bills. Two of the 12 regular appropriations bills passed... |
train_12808 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recently, there have been multiple high-profile incidents involving the release of classified government information. Perhaps most prominent was Wikileaks.org's unauthorized publication of more than 600,000 classified Department of Defense documents. Such incidents have further heightened congressional, media, and publ... | [
"President Barack H. Obama issued Executive Order 13526 on \"Classified National Security Information\" on December 29, 2009. In the months succeeding the issuance of E.O. 13526, multiple incidents have further heightened congressional, media, and public interest in the issue of classified information policy: 1. Sh... |
train_12809 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One of Justice John Paul Stevens's most lasting jurisprudential legacies is his opinion in Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council. The 1984 case, a landmark decision in both administrative law and separation of powers, established the legal framework that has largely governed the degree of deference a court will ... | [
"One of Justice Stevens's most lasting jurisprudential legacies is his opinion in Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council . The 1984 case, a landmark decision in both administrative law and separation of powers, established the legal framework that has largely governed the degree of deference a court will acco... |
train_12810 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Following the conflicts in the 1990s in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, the prospect of membership in the Euro-Atlantic community and the active presence of the United States and European Union (EU) in the Western Balkans provided a level of stability that allowed most of the countries of the region to adopt ec... | [
"For almost a century Serbia was part of two South Slavic states, including the interwar Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929) and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1992. Belgrade was the capital of both Yugoslav states, and Serbia was widely rega... |
train_12811 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The State Partnership Program (SPP) is a Department of Defense (DOD) security cooperation program run by the National Guard. It also serves as a mechanism for training National Guard personnel. Since the program began in 1992, it has expanded to the point where nearly every state National Guard participates, as do the ... | [
"The State Partnership Program (SPP) is a Department of Defense (DOD) security cooperation program run by the National Guard. It also serves as a mechanism for training National Guard personnel. The current goals of the program are listed in Figure 1 . The SPP relates to several areas of potential interest to Congr... |
train_12812 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military personnel issues typically generate significant interest from many Members of Congress and their staffs. Ongoing military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, along with the emerging operational role of the Reserve Components, further heighten interest in a wide range of military personnel policies and issues. ... | [
"Each year, the Senate and House Armed Services Committees report their respective versions of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). These bills contain numerous provisions that affect military personnel, retirees and their family members. Provisions in one version are often not included in another; are tr... |
train_12813 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A good deal of commentary has addressed similarities between the recession that began in December 2007 and the Great Depression. Comparisons between the two have extended beyond conditions in financial markets to conditions in the labor market. The analogy appears to be fueled by projections that the unemployment rate ... | [
"References often have been made to similarities between the Great Depression and the recession that began in December 2007. Both were preceded by long periods of economic expansion during which consumers financed many of their purchases by taking on considerable debt. The substantial losses in savings that resulte... |
train_12814 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) is a violent criminal gang operating both in the United States and abroad—namely Central America. MS-13 was formed on the streets of Los Angeles, CA, in the 1980s by refugees who were fleeing civil conflict in El Salvador. It became a transnational gang as MS-13 members who were deported fr... | [
"T he Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) is a violent criminal gang operating both in the United States and abroad—namely Central America. U.S.-based members have committed both local and transnational crimes ranging from extortion, homicide, and drug distribution to human and drug trafficking. The gang has a reputation for ... |
train_12815 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There are no federal statutes or Rules of the House of Representatives that directly affect the status of a Member of Congress who has been indicted for a crime that constitutes a felony. No rights or privileges are forfeited under the Constitution, statutory law, or the Rules of the House merely upon an indictment for... | [
"This report summarizes the potential consequences, with respect to congressional status, that may result when a sitting Member of the House of Representatives is indicted for or is convicted of a felony. If a sitting Member of Congress is indicted for a criminal offense that constitutes a felony, the status and se... |
train_12816 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the U.S. Constitution, Congress has little direct authority to legislate in the field of domestic relations. Generally, state policy guides these decisions. Despite the lack of direct authority to legislate domestic relations issues, Congress continues to enact federal laws that indirectly affect family law quest... | [
"A court handling an interstate child custody dispute must consider whether it has jurisdiction to decide the custody case. Three laws provide the answer as to whether a particular court has jurisdiction: the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act [PKPA], the Uniform Child Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act [UCJEA] and t... |
train_12817 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of actions taken by Congress to provide FY2009 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS). On March 11, 2009, President Obama signed into law the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8). In the Omnibus, Congress appropriated $60.538 billion for CJS a... | [
"The 111 th Congress passed economic stimulus and omnibus legislation providing funding for Commerce, Justice, Science, and related Agencies (CJS) for both FY2008 and FY2009. In the 110 th Congress, neither the House nor Senate considered the FY2009 spending measures reported by the Appropriations Committees. Congr... |
train_12818 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Germany is the world's fifth largest economy and the largest in Europe, accounting for about one-fifth of the European Union's (EU) GDP. Germany is also the largest European trade and investment partner of the United States. Mutually profitable and growing U.S.-German commercial ties historically have been facilitated ... | [
"With a population of 82 million and a GDP of $3.6 trillion, Germany is the world's fifth largest economy (after the United States, China, Japan, and India) and the largest in Europe, accounting for about one-fifth of the gross domestic production (GDP) of the European Union (EU). Based on a per capita income of ar... |
train_12819 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Medicare home health benefit provides coverage for home visits by skilled health care professionals. Medicare Parts A and B provide coverage for home health services. To be eligible for the home health benefit, a beneficiary must meet three different criteria. The beneficiary must (1) be homebound, (2) require inte... | [
"Medicare is a federal program that pays for covered health care services of qualified beneficiaries. It was established in 1965 under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide health insurance to individuals 65 and older, and has been expanded over the years to include permanently disabled individuals unde... |
train_12820 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Developing countries, a heterogeneous group of low- and middle-income countries, have become an increasingly significant factor in U.S. trade flows and trade policy over the last two or more decades. Their influence is reflected in the issues on the trade agenda of the 110th Congress: the possible renewal of fast track... | [
"\"Developing Countries,\" a heterogeneous group of low- and medium-income economies, are making an increasingly strong impact on U.S. foreign trade and investment and world trade. This impact is both economic and political and is likely to increase. Developing countries have been shaping U.S. trade patterns, trade... |
train_12821 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In calling for a clear, strong, and long-term commitment to the military-dominatedgovernment of Pakistan despite serious concerns about that country's nuclear proliferation activities,The 9/11 Commission cast into sharp relief two long-standing dilemmas concerning U.S. policytowards Pakistan and South Asia. First, in a... | [
"In calling for a clear, strong, and long-term commitment to the military-dominatedgovernment of Pakistan despite serious concerns about that country's nuclear proliferation activities, The Final Report of the 9/11 Commission cast into sharp relief two long-standing dilemmasconcerning U.S. policy towards Pakistan a... |
train_12822 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The December 2012 Newtown, CT, tragedy, along with other mass shootings in Aurora, CO, and Tucson, AZ, restarted the national gun control debate in the 113th Congress. The Senate considered a range of legislative proposals, including several that President Barack Obama supported as part of his national gun violence red... | [
"In the 113 th Congress, Members of Congress introduced a wide range of longstanding gun control proposals. Some of these proposals gained renewed energy following the December 2012 Newtown, CT, tragedy, and several other \"mass shooting\" incidents in that year. The Senate debated these proposals in April 2013, bu... |
train_12823 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An estimated 11 million unauthorized aliens reside in the United States, and this population is estimated to increase by 500,000 annually. Each year, approximately 1 million aliens are apprehended trying to enter the United States illegally. Although most of these aliens enter the United States for economic opportuniti... | [
"It is estimated that there are more than 11 million unauthorized aliens currently living in the United States, and the resident unauthorized alien population is estimated to increase by 500,000 people per year. In addition, each year approximately 1 million aliens are apprehended while trying to illegally enter th... |
train_12824 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the wake of the financial crisis and unusual oil price volatility, new attention was drawn to the regulation of derivatives—and particularly toward the unregulated over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market. What regulatory changes, if any, would reduce risks to the financial system from derivatives trading? A number... | [
"Derivative financial instruments have been among the fastest-growing segments of financial markets in recent decades. Proponents argued that derivatives would enhance risk management and make price discovery mechanisms more transparent. Since 2007, however, price volatility in energy and other commodities has been... |
train_12825 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The rules of the Senate emphasize the rights and prerogatives of individual Senators and, therefore, minority groups of Senators. The most important of these rules allows unlimited debate on a bill or amendment unless an extraordinary majority votes to invoke cloture. Senators can use their right to filibuster, and sim... | [
"Every legislative body must decide how to balance the parliamentary rights and powers of majorities against those of minorities, determining what matters should require simple or extraordinary majority votes and how much control a simple majority should be able to exercise over which issues are debated and when de... |
train_12826 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations bill includes funding for agencies and programs in four separate federal departments as well as numerous smaller agencies and diverseprograms. The bill includes funding for the Interior Department except the Bureau of Reclamation,but only segments of the funding of the o... | [
"On June 16, 2000, the House passed the FY2001 Interior Appropriations bill, H.R. 4578 ( H.Rept. 106-646 ) by a vote of 204-172. The FY2001recommended level of $14.6 billion is $1.7 billion below the President's request and$302 million below the FY2000 enacted level. The Interior Subcommittee of theSenate Appropria... |
train_12827 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458) was the most significant legislation affecting the U.S. intelligence community since the National Security Act of 1947. Enacted in the wake of the 9/11 Commission's final report, the 2004 act attempted to ensure closer coordination among intell... | [
"Given the short tenures of the first three Directors of National Intelligence (DNIs) and especially the abrupt departure of Admiral Dennis C. Blair in May 2010, there has been considerable speculation about the future of the position of the DNI and the roles and mission of the Office of the Director of National In... |
train_12828 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States is relying heavily on private firms to supply a wide variety of services in Iraq, including security. From publicly available information, this is apparently the first time that the United States has depended so extensively on contractors to provide security in a hostile environment, although it has p... | [
"The 110 th Congress is grappling with a broad range of issues regarding the use of private contractors to provide security for people and property in Iraq and elsewhere. The United States has gradually increased the types of tasks and roles for which it contracts private companies in military operations. Congress ... |
train_12829 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Haiti and its multilateral and bilateral donors developed an international assistance strategy,known as the Interim Cooperation Framework (ICF), to address Haiti's short-term needs between thecollapse of the government of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in February 2004 and the initialphase of a new government schedul... | [
"The World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the United Nations, and theEuropean Union co-sponsored an International Donors Conference on Haiti in Washington, D.C.,on July 19- 20, 2004. Representatives from 30 countries and 32 international organizations attended. The sponsors held the conference to garner... |
train_12830 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report assesses the impact of the September 11, 2001 attacks on public and private information infrastructures in the context of critical infrastructure protection, continuity ofoperations (COOP) planning, and homeland security. Analysis of the effects of the terrorist attackssuggests various "lessons learned." Th... | [
"Analysis of the effects of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, suggests various \"lessonslearned\" concerning public and private information infrastructures. What results are some insightsto the range of challenges and opportunities facing policymakers as they seek to identify relevanttechnical solutions ... |
train_12831 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Earmark disclosure rules in both the House and Senate establish certain administrative responsibilities that vary by chamber. Under House rules, a Member requesting that an earmark be included in legislation is responsible for providing specific written information, such as the purpose and recipient of the earmark, to ... | [
"Earmark disclosure rules in both the House and Senate were implemented with the stated intention of bringing more transparency to congressionally directed spending. The administrative responsibilities associated with these rules vary by chamber. This report outlines the major administrative responsibilities of Mem... |
train_12832 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military personnel issues typically generate significant interest from many Members of Congress and their staffs. Recent military operations in Iraq and ongoing operations in Afghanistan, along with the operational role of the Reserve Components, further heighten interest in a wide range of military personnel policies ... | [
"Each year, the House and Senate Armed Services Committees report their respective versions of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). These bills contain numerous provisions that affect military personnel, retirees, and their family members. Provisions in one version are often not included in another; are t... |
train_12833 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a primer on some of the fundamental aspects of the security clearance process, using a "Frequently Asked Questions" format. A security clearance is a determination that an individual—whether a direct federal employee or a private contractor performing work for the government—is eligible for access ... | [
"The security clearance process is designed to determine the trustworthiness of an individual prior to granting him or her access to classified national security information. The process has evolved since the early 1950s, with antecedents dating to World War II. This report highlights some of the fundamental aspect... |
train_12834 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1891, Congress authorized the President to reserve public forests to protect the lands and resources. The many presidential proclamations and subsequent land purchases have led to the current National Forest System. These lands are managed to balance the many purposes and values through an interdisciplinary planning... | [
"In 1891, Congress authorized the President to reserve existing public forestlands to protect and preserve the lands and resources. Presidential proclamations of forest reserves (now called national forests), subsequent land purchases, and other congressional authorizations have led to the current National Forest S... |
train_12835 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Critical infrastructures have been defined as those systems and assets so vital to the United States that the incapacity of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on the United States. One of the findings of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, established by President Cli... | [
"Leading up to the passage of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( P.L. 107-296 ), a debate ensued regarding the exemption of critical infrastructure information from the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552. Both the House and Senate versions of the Homeland Security Act ( H.R. 5005 and S. 2452 , respectively... |
train_12836 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of the changing residential mortgage market, focusing on trends in housing prices, homeownership, mortgage characteristics, and financing. It also examines legislation and regulations designed to promote the efficient functioning of the mortgage market. Congressional Concern About Mortg... | [
"For many years, homeownership has been promoted as part of the American dream. Over the past 50 years, the homeownership rate has been in the range of 62% to 66%. Since 2008, however, the residential mortgage market has experienced historically high default and foreclosure rates, credit losses, liquidity problems,... |
train_12837 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal advisory committees are established to allow experts from outside the federal government to provide advice and recommendations to Congress, the President, or an executive branch agency. Federal advisory committees can be created either by Congress, the President, or an executive branch agency. The Federal Advis... | [
"Federal advisory committees are designed to collect a variety of viewpoints and to provide advice or recommendations to the executive and legislative branches of the federal government from nonfederal sources. Congress, the President, or agency heads may establish advisory committees, which render independent advi... |
train_12838 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 8, 2005, the Administration released its FY2006 budget request. The Administration's proposed budget included $573.4 million in federal payments to the District of Columbia. Four payments (for court operations, defender services, offender supervision, and criminal justice coordination) represented $471.4 mi... | [
"On December 30, 2005, the President signed into law the Defense Appropriations Act of 2005, P.L. 109-148 . The act included a provision subjecting all discretionary appropriations for FY2006, including special federal payments to the District of Columbia, to a 1% across-the-board rescission to help offset the cost... |
train_12839 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 18, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger issued an executive order directing the California Environmental Protection Agency to establish a Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). The California LCFS would require a 10% reduction in the carbon intensity of fuels in the State of California by 2020. It woul... | [
"On January 18, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger issued an executive order directing the California Environmental Protection Agency to establish a Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). The Executive Order requires the State of California to reduce the carbon intensity of fuels in the state by 10% by 2020.... |
train_12840 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA, P.L. 109-92) was passed in 2005. The PLCAA generally shields licensed manufacturers, dealers, and sellers of firearms or ammunition, as well as trade associations, from any civil action "resulting from the criminal or unlawful misuse" of a firearm or ammunition, but... | [
"The Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA) was passed in 2005. The act generally shields federally licensed manufacturers, dealers, and sellers of firearms or ammunition, as well as trade associations, from any civil action \"resulting from the criminal or unlawful misuse\" of a firearms or ammunition. ... |
train_12841 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 12, 2016, an arbitral tribunal constituted under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is expected to issue a ruling in a case between the Philippines and the People's Republic of China (PRC or China). The Philippines, a U.S. ally, initiated the case in January 2013 under the convention's... | [
"On July 12, 2016, an arbitral tribunal constituted under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is expected to issue a ruling, known as a final \"award,\" in a case between the Philippines and the People's Republic of China (PRC or China). In the case, the Philippines, a U.S. ally, seeks prim... |
train_12842 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Increasingly, Congress and the Bush Administration are looking to utilize nonproliferation assistance programs, including cooperative threat reduction, to help reduce the risk of terrorist access to weapons of mass destruction (WMD). In the FY2004 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 108-136, Sec. 1308), Congress a... | [
"Nonproliferation assistance programs are a relatively new tool in combating the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) programs, funded by the Department of Defense (DOD), are the most visible of these programs. Begun in 1991, CTR initially aimed to help Russia meet it... |
train_12843 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent growth in U.S. natural gas and crude oil production has fundamentally shifted the energy supply and demand balance in key U.S. energy markets. Many analysts and energy producers argue that there is currently an oversupply of natural gas in U.S. gas-producing regions, and that supplies of certain light sweet West... | [
"The deployment of shale energy technology, including hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, in the United States has created a new abundance of crude oil and natural gas in a number of energy-producing regions across the country. Since 2008, U.S. production of crude oil from the lower-48 states has more tha... |
train_12844 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As a policy area, concerns about medical malpractice typically involve issues related to the market for physician liability insurance, the prevalence of malpractice in the health care system, and the resolution of malpractice complaints through the tort system. This report focuses primarily on the private insurance mar... | [
"Medical malpractice insurance has attracted congressional attention numerous times over the past few decades, particularly in the midst of three \"crisis\" periods in the mid-1970s, the mid-1980s, and the early 2000s. These periods were marked by sharp increases in physicians' liability insurance premiums, difficu... |
train_12845 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The unexpected death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia on February 13, 2016—in the middle of the Supreme Court's October 2015 term—has prompted questions about the process for filling the vacancy and how the Court will proceed in hearing cases and issuing opinions. These questions pertain to the constitutional ro... | [
"The unexpected death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia on February 13, 2016—in the middle of the Supreme Court's October 2015 term—has prompted questions about the process for filling the vacancy and how the Court will proceed in hearing cases and issuing opinions. These questions pertain to the constitution... |
train_12846 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although a small country, Moldova has been of interest to U.S. policy makers due to its position between NATO and EU member Romania and strategic Ukraine. In addition, some experts have expressed concern about Russian efforts to extend its hegemony over Moldova through various methods, including a troop presence, manip... | [
"Although a small country with a population of just over 3.6 million people, Moldova has been of interest to U.S. policy makers due to its position between NATO and EU member Romania and strategic Ukraine. Some experts have expressed concern about Russian efforts to extend its hegemony over Moldova through various ... |
train_12847 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many economists and policy makers believe that the U.S. corporate tax system is in need of reform. There is, however, disagreement over why the corporate tax system needs to be reformed, and what specific policy measures should be included in a reform. To assist policy makers in designing and evaluating corporate tax p... | [
"The corporate income tax system has been a focus of many recent debates about tax reform and the economy. Many economists and policy makers argue that reform of the corporate income tax system is needed, although a variety of rationales on why and how have been offered. Some argue that a simpler system with lower ... |
train_12848 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The electric power industry is in the process of transformation. The electricity infrastructure of the United States is aging; uncertainty exists around how to modernize the grid, and what technologies and fuels will be used to produce electricity in the future. Unresolved questions are arising about market structure, ... | [
"The electric power industry is in the process of transformation. The electricity infrastructure of the United States is aging, and uncertainty exists around how to modernize the electric grid, and what technologies and fuels will be used to produce electricity in the future. Questions about transmission expansion ... |
train_12849 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) among 12 Asia-Pacific countries, with both economic and strategic significance for the United States. If approved, it would be the largest FTA in which the United States participates. The 12 countries announced the conclusion of the TPP negoti... | [
"The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) among 12 Asia-Pacific countries, which the Obama Administration casts as comprehensive and high standard, with economic and strategic significance for the United States. The 12 countries (including the United States) announced the conclus... |
train_12850 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) extends duty-free treatment to certain U.S. imports that meet domestic content and other requirements from Ecuador. There were four countries originally designated to qualify for trade preferences under ATPA, including Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Colombia and Peru are no... | [
"The United States extends duty-free treatment to certain imports from Ecuador under a regional trade preference program that began under the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA). ATPA was enacted on December 4, 1991 (Title II of P.L. 102-182 ), and was originally authorized for 10 years with Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuad... |
train_12851 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In August 2007, asset-backed securities (ABS), particularly those backed by subprime mortgages, suddenly became illiquid and fell sharply in value as an unprecedented housing boom turned into a housing bust. Losses on the many ABS held by financial firms depleted their capital. Uncertainty about future losses on illiqu... | [
"In August 2007, asset-backed securities (ABS), particularly those backed by subprime mortgages, suddenly became illiquid and fell sharply in value as an unprecedented housing boom turned into a housing bust. Losses on the many ABS held by financial firms depleted their capital. Uncertainty about future losses on i... |
train_12852 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 113th Congress may consider a comprehensive reform of the nation's immigration system (CIR), and during such discussions, the detention of noncitizens in the United States might be an issue. Congress may choose to reevaluate detention priorities (i.e., who should be detained, when they should be detained) and deten... | [
"Congress might consider reforms to the nation's immigration system, and, thus, the detention of noncitizens (aliens) in the United States may be an issue. Congressional interest in the policy of detaining noncitizens in the United States while determining whether noncitizens should be removed from the United State... |
train_12853 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) requires signatory parties to take measures to end torture within their territorial jurisdiction and to criminalize all acts of torture. Unlike many other international agreements and declarations prohibit... | [
"Over the past several decades, multiple international agreements and declarations have condemned and/or sought to prohibit the practice of torture by public officials, leading many to conclude that torture is now prohibited under customary international law. Perhaps the most notable international agreement prohibi... |
train_12854 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress is considering two new user fee authorities to supplement funding appropriated by Congress to FDA: the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (GDUFA), for activities related to human generic drug review, and the Biosimilar User Fee Act of 2012 (BSUFA), for biosimilar biological product review. A generic drug... | [
"Congress is now considering legislation that would add two new Food and Drug Administration (FDA) user fee programs: Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (GDUFA) and Biosimilar User Fee Act of 2012 (BSUFA). In January 2012, Secretary Kathleen Sebelius of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) submit... |
train_12855 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Following a major disaster declaration, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may provide three principal forms of assistance. These include Public Assistance, which addresses repairs to a community and states' or tribe's infrastructure; Mitigation Assistance which provides funding for projects a state or trib... | [
"Housing assistance for families and individuals following a presidentially declared disaster event dates back to 1951 when special legislation (H.J. Res. 303) in response to flooding in the Midwest included a provision for \"providing temporary housing or other emergency shelter for families who, as a result of su... |
train_12856 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under current intellectual property laws, industrial designs may potentially be protected through design patents, trade dress, and copyright. In addition, the Vessel Hull Design Protection Act established a specialized, or sui generis, intellectual property right for the protection of boat hull designs. Some experts ar... | [
"In recent years, Congress has expressed interest in intellectual property protection for industrial designs. In the 111 th Congress, legislation was introduced that would have established a \"repair\" exemption within the Patent Act. Although potentially of broad application, this legislation appears to have been ... |
train_12857 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States' exports and imports of refined petroleum products include distillate fuel oil—the general category for heating oil. In 2013, distillate fuel oil imports exceeded 56.4 million barrels, up from the previous year's 46.2 million barrels. However, distillate fuel imports have been declining. Overall, some... | [
"Since peaking in 2007 at 1.53 billion barrels, the volume of distillate fuel oil (DFO) supplied to the United States has declined somewhat (see Figure 1 ). DFO includes diesel fuel, home heating oil, and high sulfur fuel oil. Meanwhile, U.S. refinery DFO production has increased since 2009, reaching 1.7 billion ba... |
train_12858 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 15, 2012, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced that certain individuals who were brought to the United States as children and meet other criteria would be considered for relief from removal for two years, subject to renewal, under an initiative known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or ... | [
"On June 15, 2012, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced that certain individuals without a lawful immigration status who were brought to the United States as children and meet other criteria would be considered for relief from removal from the country for two years, subject to renewal. This initiativ... |
train_12859 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past 40 years, Congress has intermittently considered proposals to establish a government corporation or private entity to carry out air traffic functions currently provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). While the issue had been relatively dormant since a proposal offered by the Clinton Adminis... | [
"For four decades, Congress has intermittently debated whether the public would be better served if air traffic services currently provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) were instead provided by an independent entity. The many proposals and bills on this subject put forth over the years have distingu... |
train_12860 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States and Russia signed the New START Treaty on April 8, 2010, and it awaits Senate consideration. The preamble to the Treaty contains a "provision on the interrelationship of strategic offensive arms and strategic defensive arms." This statement does not contain any limits on current or planned U.S. missil... | [
"Russia has long been concerned with U.S. ballistic missile defense programs, arguing that the increasing capabilities of U.S. missile defenses could undermine Russia's strategic offensive nuclear forces and undermine strategic stability. During the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) in the 1970s, the United St... |
train_12861 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past few Administrations, Congress has maintained strong interest in and support for the broad global development areas of global health, food security, and climate-related aid and investment. The Obama Administration built its foreign assistance programming around the priorities and practices it identified in... | [
"The Obama Administration built its foreign assistance programming around the priorities and practices it identified in the 2010 Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) on Global Development. The PPD was the first of its kind and sought to elevate global development as a pillar of American foreign policy, alongside def... |
train_12862 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The selection and confirmation process for U.S. circuit and district court judges is of continuing interest to Congress. Recent Senate debates over judicial nominations have focused on issues such as the relative degree of success of President Barack Obama's nominees in gaining Senate confirmation compared with other r... | [
"Article III, Section I, of the Constitution provides, in part, that the \"judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.\" It further provides that Justices on the Supreme Court and judges on lower c... |
train_12863 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 115th Congress faces various water resource development, management, and protection issues. Water resource activities generally encompass navigation improvements, flood damage reduction measures, water supply augmentation, hydropower generation, and aquatic ecosystem restoration. Congressional actions shape reinves... | [
"The 115 th Congress is likely to face numerous water resource issues as it conducts oversight and deliberates on authorizations and appropriations legislation related to water resource development, management, and protection. These issues may include how to make investment decisions in the face of fiscal constrain... |
train_12864 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent data breaches at major U.S. retailers have placed a spotlight on concerns about the security of personal information stored in electronic form by corporations and other private entities. A data breach occurs when data containing sensitive personal information is lost, stolen, or accessed in an unauthorized manne... | [
"Recent data breaches at major U.S. retailers have placed a spotlight on concerns about the security of personal information stored in electronic form by corporations and other private entities. A data breach occurs when data containing sensitive personal information is lost, stolen, or accessed in an unauthorized ... |
train_12865 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Influenza A/H5N1 is one of many influenza (flu) strains currently spreading throughout the world. Although it is a bird flu, it has infected some people and killed more than half of those infected. Since 1997, when the first human contracted H5N1 in Hong Kong, the virus has resurfaced and spread to more than 50 countri... | [
"Influenza A/H5N1 is one of many strains of avian influenza that can cause illness in poultry. Bird (or avian) flu outbreaks have occurred at various times around the world. Until 1997, there were no known human H5N1 cases. That year, 18 people in Hong Kong contracted the virus; of whom 6 died. To contain the virus... |
train_12866 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Every year Congress appropriates billions of dollars for the Science and Technology Program of the Department of Defense. Besides deciding on how much money to appropriate, Congress must also decide on how best to allocate those resources. Over the last ten years, the Science and Technology program has grown to histori... | [
"Between FY1998 and FY2007, the annual budget of the Department of Defense (DOD) Science and Technology (S&T) Program grew from $7.7 billion to $12.8 billion. In constant FY2009 dollars, the cumulative increase was $22.5 billion. The purpose of this report is to aid Congressional oversight of DOD's S&T program by a... |
train_12867 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In June 2016, House Speaker Paul Ryan proposed a destination-based cash flow tax (DBCFT) as part of the "A Better Way" tax reform blueprint. One component of the DBCFT proposal is the implementation of a border adjustment, which is a common feature of national consumption-based taxes. Were the United States to adopt a ... | [
"In June 2016, House Speaker Paul Ryan proposed a destination-based cash flow tax (DBCFT), a type of national consumption tax, as part of the \"A Better Way\" tax reform blueprint. One component of the DBCFT proposal is the implementation of a border adjustment. Were the United States to adopt a DBCFT with a border... |
train_12868 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Suicide attacks by terrorist organizations have become more prevalent globally, and assessing the threat of suicide attacks against the United States and its interests at home and abroad hastherefore gained in strategic importance. This report focuses on the following questions: What are suicide attacks? What have been... | [
"Suicide attacks by terrorist organizations have become more prevalent globally, and assessingthe threat of future suicide attacks against the United States has gained in strategic importance. While suicide attacks have been employed internationally for centuries, the degree to which thistactic could be used to car... |
train_12869 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress established the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program in 1991, authorizing the use of Defense Department funds to assist with the safe and secure transportation,storage, and dismantlement of nuclear, chemical and other weapons in the former Soviet Union. Initially, many supported U.S. assistanc... | [
"Congress established the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program inNovember 1991. A failed coup in Moscow in August 1991 and the subsequent disintegration of theSoviet Union had raised concerns about the safety and security of Soviet nuclear weapons. Congressresponded by authorizing the use of $400 m... |
train_12870 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 1986, the Immigration Reform and Control Act (P.L. 99-603) has mandated Medicaid to have applicants declare under penalty of perjury that they are citizens or nationals of the United States (or that they are aliens in a satisfactory immigration status). Subsequently, §432 of the Personal Responsibility and Work O... | [
"To be eligible for the full range of benefits offered under Medicaid, an individual must be a citizen or national of the United States (or a qualified alien). Regardless of citizenship status, individuals must meet all other eligibility requirements to qualify for the program. The United States does not require it... |
train_12871 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress plays a prominent role in shaping, debating, and approving legislation to implement trade agreements, and over the past three decades, bilateral and regional trade agreements (RTAs, or free trade agreements (FTAs) in the U.S. context) have become a primary source of new international trade liberalization commi... | [
"Congress plays a central role in the negotiation, approval and implementation of U.S. trade agreements, reflecting its constitutional authority over foreign commerce. Congress shapes the Administration's trade agreement negotiations through enacting statutory U.S. trade negotiating objectives, ongoing consultation... |
train_12872 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Much progress has been made in achieving the ambitious goals that Congress established nearly 40 years ago in the Clean Water Act (CWA) to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters. However, long-standing problems persist, and new problems have emerged. Water quality p... | [
"Much progress has been made in achieving the ambitious goals that Congress established nearly 40 years ago to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters. However, long-standing problems persist, and new problems have emerged. Water quality problems are diverse, ran... |
train_12873 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program supports home visiting services for families with young children who reside in communities that have concentrations of poor child health and other indicators of risk. Home visits are conducted by nurses, mental health clinicians, social wo... | [
"Early childhood home visiting is a strategy for delivering services to improve health, well-being, and education outcomes for vulnerable families with young children. Nurses, social workers, and other professionals visit the homes of families who participate on a voluntary basis. The federal government has long su... |
train_12874 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After asserting that Iraq had failed to comply with U.N. Security Council resolutions that required Iraq to rid itself of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), the Bush Administration began military action against Iraq on March 19, 2003, and the regime of Saddam Hussein fell on April 9. U.N. Security Council resolution 14... | [
"Saddam Hussein's regime had been considered a threat to U.S. interests since its August 2, 1990 invasion of Kuwait, although there had been disagreements within the U.S. government over whether that threat could be managed through containment. The Administration of George W. Bush asserted the threat could not be c... |
train_12875 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States has traditionally kept military action and civil law enforcement apart, codifying that separation in the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878. On the other hand, Congress has occasionally authorized the Department of Defense (DOD) to undertake actions specifically intended to enhance the effectiveness of domes... | [
"American tradition has long maintained a distinct separation between military force and civil law enforcement. Nevertheless, federal troops were commonly used to enforce civil law during the years immediately after the Civil War, particularly in the states of the former Confederacy. The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878... |
train_12876 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Current Context and Recent Developments Shortly after his confirmation as Secretary of State in April 2018, Secretary Mike Pompeo lifted the hiring freeze that former Secretary Rex Tillerson left in place for over a year. Guidance issued after Secretary Pompeo's action indicates that the department intends to increase ... | [
"Shortly following his confirmation as Secretary of State in April 2018, Secretary Mike Pompeo lifted the hiring freeze that former Secretary Rex Tillerson left in place for over a year. Subsequent guidance issued after the hiring freeze indicates that the department intends to increase Foreign and Civil Service pe... |
train_12877 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The ongoing investigation into the killing of two American citizens, current human rights conditions, and reports of an Indonesian military build-up in Papua have led to increased Congressional attention to Indonesia's eastern-most territory. Papua, for the purposes of this report, refers to the resource rich western h... | [
"Papua, Indonesia refers to the western half of the island of New Guinea and encompasses the Indonesian provinces of West Irian Jaya, or Irian Jaya Barat, and Papua. Some also refer to this region of Indonesia as West Papua. Papua has a population of approximately two million and an estimated area of 422,000 square... |
train_12878 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The enacted 2014 farm bill (Agricultural Act of 2014; P.L. 113-79) could result in potential compliance issues for U.S. farm policy with the rules and spending limits for domestic support programs that the United States agreed to as part of the World Trade Organization's (WTO's) Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (... | [
"As a signatory member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United States has committed to abide by WTO rules and disciplines, including those that govern domestic farm policy. The WTO's general rules concerning subsidy disciplines, trade behavior, and market access concessions apply to all members. In additi... |
train_12879 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Antiquities Act of 1906 authorizes the President to declare, by proclamation, that objects of historic or scientific interest on federal lands are designated as national monuments. Over the course of more than a century, Presidents have cited the Antiquities Act as authority for protecting well over 100 land and ma... | [
"Beginning with President Theodore Roosevelt, Presidents have protected well over 100 areas under the Antiquities Act of 1906. These protected areas, totaling hundreds of millions of acres of land as well as large marine areas, are known as national monuments. The Antiquities Act allows the President to declare nat... |
train_12880 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In October 2008, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a regulation to revise a 2003 Clean Water Act rule governing waste discharges from large confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The 2008 action was necessitated by a 2005 federal court decision (Waterkeeper Alliance et al. vs. EPA, 399 F.3d 486 [2nd... | [
"According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the release of waste from animal feedlots—the portion of the livestock industry that involves large, intensive animal raising and feeding operations—to surface water, groundwater, soil, and air is associated with a range of human health and ecological impacts... |
train_12881 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 26, 2009, the House passed H.R. 2454, the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009. In addition to establishing a cap-and-trade system to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, the bill addresses energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other energy topics. On September 30, 2009, Senator Kerry introduced S. 1... | [
"On June 26, 2009, the House passed H.R. 2454 , the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009. In addition to establishing a cap-and-trade system to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, the bill addresses energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other energy topics. On September 30, 2009, Senator Kerry introduce... |
train_12882 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of actions taken by Congress and the President to provide FY2016 appropriations for accounts funded by the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (LHHS) appropriations bill. This bill provides funding for all accounts funded through the annu... | [
"This report provides an overview of FY2016 appropriations actions for accounts traditionally funded in the appropriations bill for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (LHHS). This bill provides discretionary and mandatory appropriations to three federal departme... |
train_12883 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers (TAA) provides federal assistance to workers who have been adversely affected by foreign trade. It was most recently authorized by the Trade Adjustment Assistance Extension Act of 2011 (TAAEA; Title II of P.L. 112-40). Under TAAEA, the program operated under one set of eligibilit... | [
"Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers (TAA) provides federally-funded benefits to dislocated workers who are adversely affected by foreign trade. Benefits under TAA include training subsidies and income support for workers who have exhausted their unemployment insurance (UI). TAA-eligible workers who are age 50 ... |
train_12884 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA, P.L. 105-220) is the primary federal law that provides job training and related services to unemployed and underemployed individuals, including vulnerable young people with barriers to employment. All youth job training programs and related services are authorized under Title ... | [
"Since the 1930s, federal job training and employment programs and policies have sought to connect vulnerable youth to work and school. Generally, these young people have been defined as being vulnerable because they are low-income and have a barrier to employment, such as having dropped out of school or spent time... |
train_12885 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Paraguay is a South American country wedged between Bolivia, Argentina, and Brazil. It is about the size of California but has a population of less than 7 million. The country is known for its rather homogenous culture—a mix of Latin and Guarani influences, with 90% of the population speaking Guarani, a pre-Columbian l... | [
"Paraguay is a landlocked country in South America bordered by Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil, with a population of close to 7 million. The country has experienced a turbulent political history marked by authoritarian leadership and corruption. Paraguay's current political environment was shaped by the country's ch... |
train_12886 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 26, 2015, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released a proposed rule (CMS-2390-P) laying out the agency's plan to update the federal regulations pertaining to Medicaid managed care, under which states contract with private health insurers to provide health care to some enrollees. The proposed ru... | [
"On May 26, 2015, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released a proposed rule (CMS-2390-P) that lays out the agency's plan to update the federal regulations pertaining to Medicaid managed care, under which states contract with private health insurers to provide health care to some enrollees. The pro... |
train_12887 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Currently, the U.S. government retains limited authority over the Internet's domain name system, primarily through the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) functions contract between the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (... | [
"The Internet is often described as a \"network of networks\" because it is not a single physical entity, but hundreds of thousands of interconnected networks linking hundreds of millions of computers around the world. As such, the Internet is international, decentralized, and comprised of networks and infrastructu... |
train_12888 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has been debating establishment of a Renewable Electricity Standard (RES) to encourage increased use of all forms of renewable energy including generating electricity from biomass sources (H.R. 890, S. 433). Concerns over the potential impacts of a federal RES seem to revolve largely around the issue of whethe... | [
"Renewable energy currently accounts for about 10% of U.S. total energy production according to the U.S. Department of Energy. Biomass is the largest source of renewable energy in the United States. Approximately 53% of all domestic renewable energy comes from biomass sources represented by biofuels, landfill gas, ... |
train_12889 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review, the Bush Administration outlined a new role forU.S. nuclear weapons thatgoes beyond the concept of deterrence from the Cold War. It also identified a new targeting strategy that would seekto threaten specific capabilities inadversary nations. Furthermore, the Administration has pledg... | [
"RS21619 -- Nuclear Weapons and U.S. National Security: A Need for New Weapons Programs? September 15, 2003 Throughout the Cold War, the United States maintained nuclear weapons to deter nuclear and conventional attacks by the Soviet Union and its allies against theUnited States and its allies. At its extreme, such... |
train_12890 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The First Amendment provides: "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press." In general, the First Amendment protects pornography, with this term being used to mean any erotic material. The Supreme Court, however, has held that the First Amendment does not protect two types of pornog... | [
"To be constitutional, a federal statute must be enacted pursuant to a power of Congress enumerated in the Constitution and must not contravene any provision of the Constitution. Two powers enumerated in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution give Congress the power to enact statutes regulating or banning pornogr... |
train_12891 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When Americans vote for a President and Vice President, they are actually choosing presidential electors, known collectively as the electoral college. It is these officials who choose the President and Vice President of the United States. The complex elements comprising the electoral college system are responsible for ... | [
"The President and Vice President of the United States are chosen indirectly by a group of persons elected by America's voters. These officials are known as electors, and the institution is referred to collectively as the electoral college. Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution (1787), as modified by the Twelft... |
train_12892 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 106 of P.L. 109-8, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA), creates credit counseling requirements for consumers seeking to file for bankruptcy under Chapter 7 (governing the liquidation of a debtor's assets) and Chapter 13 (governing the financial reorganization of a debtor... | [
"In April 2005, President Bush signed P.L. 109-8 , the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA). The purpose of BAPCPA is not only to \"improve bankruptcy law and practice by restoring personal responsibility and integrity to the bankruptcy system,\" but to ensure fairness of the sys... |
train_12893 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As part of its proposed FY2010 defense budget, the Administration proposed deferring the start of a program to develop a next-generation bomber (NGB) for the Air Force, pending the completion of the 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and associated Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), and in light of strategic arms control... | [
"As part of its proposed FY2010 defense budget, the Administration proposed deferring the start of a program to develop a next-generation bomber (NGB) for the Air Force, pending the completion of the 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and associated Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), and in light of strategic arms co... |
train_12894 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the Constitution, the President and the Senate share the power to make appointments to high-level politically appointed positions in the federal government. The Constitution also empowers the President unilaterally to make a temporary appointment to such a position if it is vacant and the Senate is in recess. Suc... | [
"U nder the Appointments Clause of the Constitution, the President and the Senate share the power to fill high-level politically appointed positions in the federal government. The Recess Appointments Clause of the Constitution also empowers the President unilaterally to make a temporary appointment to such a positi... |
train_12895 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5, also known as ARRA or the 2009 stimulus package) contained several provisions affecting unemployment benefits, described below. ARRA temporarily increased unemployment benefits by $25 per week for all recipients of regular unemployment compensation (UC), e... | [
"The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5 ), the 2009 stimulus package, contained several provisions affecting unemployment benefits. This report addresses some of the more common questions about unemployment insurance in the 2009 stimulus package. This report does not provide operationa... |
train_12896 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When Turkmenistan gained independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the former republic's president and head of the Turkmen Communist Party, Saparamurad Niyazov, retained power. He was reelected president in another uncontested race in 1992, and a referendum in 1994 extended his term unti... | [
"When Turkmenistan gained independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the former republic's president and head of the Turkmen Communist Party, Saparamurad Niyazov, retained power. He was reelected president in another uncontested race in 1992, and a referendum in 1994 extended his term... |
train_12897 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the fall of 2011, the Obama Administration issued a series of announcements indicating that the United States would be expanding and intensifying its already significant role in the Asia-Pacific, particularly in the southern part of the region. The fundamental goal underpinning the shift is to devote more effort to ... | [
"In the fall of 2011 and early 2012, the Obama Administration announced that it would be intensifying the U.S. role in the Asia-Pacific region. To do this, it intends to raise the region's priority in U.S. military planning, foreign policy, and economic policy. With U.S. troops gone from Iraq and poised to be drawn... |
train_12898 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The procedure leading to the entry into force of the U.S. trade agreement with Vietnam, including a reciprocalextension of nondiscriminatory treatment. calls for its approval by the enactment of a joint resolution of Congress,considered under a specific fast-track procedurewith deadlines for its various stages, with ma... | [
"RS20717 -- Vietnam Trade Agreement: Approval and Implementing Procedure Updated December 17, 2001 After protracted negotiations and a one-year delay after its adoption in principle, the United States and Vietnam signed, on July 13, 2000, a comprehensivebilateral trade agreement. The key statutory purpose of the ag... |
train_12899 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 5, 2007, the newly elected mayor of the District of Columbia, Adrian Fenty, released his legislative proposal to transfer administrative and budgetary control of the District's public schools from the Board of Education to the Office of the Mayor. Under the proposed Education Reform Act, the city council wou... | [
"On January 5, 2007, Adrian Fenty, the mayor of the District Columbia, released a detailed legislative proposal that would transfer administrative, policy making, and budgetary authority for the District of Columbia's public schools from the District of Columbia Board of Education to the mayor. The proposal, \"The ... |
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