id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
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train_13000 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report describes the FY2012 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Administration requested a total appropriation (mandatory and discretionary) of $45,015 million in budget authority for FY2012. This amounts to a $1,610 million, or a 3.7%, increase from the $43,405 million enacted for FY... | [
"This report describes the President's FY2012 request for funding for DHS programs and activities, as submitted to Congress on February 6, 2011. It compares the enacted FY2011 amounts to the request, the House-passed and Senate-reported appropriations bills, and the final conference report for FY2012. It tracks leg... |
train_13001 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The House and the Senate have, from time to time in the past, proposed and—on some occasions—adopted a resolution which has expressed the body's disapproval, condemnation, censure, or lack of confidence regarding a particular official in the executive branch of the federal government. Such actions have not been conside... | [
"B oth the House and the Senate have on occasion in the past introduced and adopted resolutions in which the body has expressed its \"censure,\" \"condemnation,\" \"no confidence\" in, or other term of disapprobation regarding the conduct of an executive branch official. This report examines the legal, constitution... |
train_13002 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Eleven of the past 12 Congresses, covering the 103rd Congress through the 114th Congress, have concluded with a lame duck session. (No such session occurred in 1996, during the 104th Congress.) Under contemporary conditions, any meeting of Congress that occurs between a congressional election in November and the follow... | [
"T he activities of most federal agencies are funded by means of annual appropriations provided in one or more of the regular appropriations acts that are enacted each fiscal year. Although some (and occasionally all) of the regular appropriations bills may be enacted before the fiscal year begins, in recent decade... |
train_13003 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank, EXIM Bank, or the Bank), a self-sustaining agency, is the official U.S. export credit agency (ECA). It operates under a renewable charter, the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (P.L. 79-173), as amended. Potential issues for Congress in examining the Ex-Im Bank's au... | [
"The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank, EXIM Bank, or the Bank) operates under a renewable charter, the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (P.L. 79-173), as amended. As part of its legislative responsibilities concerning the Ex-Im Bank, a central issue for Congress is whether to reauthorize the Bank's... |
train_13004 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Close U.S.-Israel relations drive congressional interest in upcoming elections for Israel's 120-seat Knesset (parliament), scheduled for January 22, 2013. Israeli leadership decisions may have profound implications for matters of high U.S. priority, including potential threats from Iran and its non-state allies (such a... | [
"Israeli electoral outcomes for Congress and other U.S. policymakers may have important ramifications for many issues, including the following: Overall U.S.-Israel Relations : Actual and perceived costs and benefits of close U.S. cooperation on specific policies or issue areas with the new Israeli government, as we... |
train_13005 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant provides grants to states, Indian tribes, and territories for a wide range of benefits, services, and activities that address economic and social disadvantage for families with children. TANF is best known for funding state cash assistance programs for need... | [
"The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant provides grants to states, Indian tribes, and territories for a wide range of benefits, services, and activities that address economic disadvantage. TANF is best known for funding state cash assistance programs for low-income families with children. Ho... |
train_13006 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The congressional franking privilege, which dates from 1775, allows Members of Congress to transmit mail matter under their signature without postage. Congress, through legislative branch appropriations, reimburses the U.S. Postal Service for the franked mail it handles. Use of the frank is regulated by federal law, Ho... | [
"The franking privilege, which allows Members of Congress to transmit mail matter under their signature without postage, has its roots in 17 th century Great Britain. The British House of Commons in stituted it in 1660 and free mail was available to many officials under the colonial postal system. In 1775, the Firs... |
train_13007 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Japan and the United States are two major economic powers. Together they account for over 30% of world domestic product, for a significant portion of international trade in goods and services, and for a major portion of international investment. This economic clout makes the United States and Japan potentially powerful... | [
"Japan and the United States are among the world's largest economic powers. Together they account for over 30% of world domestic product (2012 estimate). This economic clout makes the United States and Japan powerful forces that influence each other's economies and those of other countries. Economic conditions in t... |
train_13008 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Oversight of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory actions was the main focus of interest as the 113th Congress considered air quality issues. Of particular interest were EPA's proposed regulations on the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from power plants. Reducing GHG emissions to address climate change... | [
"With the 113 th Congress divided like the 112 th into a Republican-controlled House and a majority-Democratic Senate, and the President having been re-elected, environmental issues, including those related to air quality, remained stalemated in Congress. Congressional interest in air quality issues was dominated b... |
train_13009 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Trade in "services" refers to a wide and growing range of economic activities. These activities include transport, tourism, financial services, use of intellectual property, telecommunications and information services, government services, maintenance, and other professional services from accounting to legal services. ... | [
"Services are a significant element across the U.S. economy, at the national, state, and local levels. The term \"services\" refers to an expanding range of economic activities, such as audiovisual, construction, computer and related services, express delivery, telecommunications, e-commerce, financial, professiona... |
train_13010 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In Carcieri v. Salazar, 555 U.S. 379 (2009), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a 1934 statute provides no authority for the Secretary of the Interior (SOI) to take land into trust for the Narragansett Indian Tribe (Tribe) because the statute applies only to tribes under federal jurisdiction when that law was enacted. T... | [
"On February 24, 2009, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Carcieri v. Salazar , ruled that the Secretary of the Interior (SOI) did not have authority to take land into trust for the Narragansett Indian Tribe (Tribe) under 25 U.S.C. §465, a provision of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (IRA). Although the facts of the ... |
train_13011 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Omnibus U.S. farm legislation—referred to as the farm bill—has typically been renewed every five or six years. Farm income and commodity price support programs have been a part of U.S. farm bills since the 1930s. Each successive farm bill usually involves some modification or replacement of existing farm programs. A ke... | [
"Trade plays a critical role in the U.S. agricultural sector. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that exports account for about 20% of total U.S. agricultural production. Furthermore, given the substantial volume of its agricultural exports, the United States plays a significant role in many intern... |
train_13012 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is a reverse chronological listing of U.S. Supreme Court decisions addressing claims that a government entity has "taken" private property, as that term is used in the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment. The Takings Clause states: "[N]or shall private property be taken for public use, without just compen... | [
"Once in the constitutional wings, the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment today stands center stage. More than 50 takings cases have been decided by the Supreme Court since it launched the modern era of takings jurisprudence in 1978. No debate on the proper balance between private property rights and conflicting... |
train_13013 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Foreign temporary workers, also known as guest workers, have long performed legal agricultural labor in the United States through different temporary worker programs. Today, agricultural guest workers may perform farm work of a temporary or seasonal nature through the H-2A visa program. Bringing in H-2A workers is a mu... | [
"Foreign temporary workers, also known as guest workers, have a long history of performing agricultural labor in the United States. In the past, agricultural guest worker programs were established in the United States during times of war. During World War I, for example, tens of thousands of Mexican workers perform... |
train_13014 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Presidential Libraries Act (P.L. 84-373; 69 Stat. 695), as originally enacted in 1955, sought to create a system of government "preservation and administration … of papers and other historical materials of any President or former President of the United States." Pursuant to the law, the General Services Administrat... | [
"The Presidential Libraries Act (P.L. 84-373; 69 Stat. 695), as originally enacted in 1955, sought to create a system of government \"preservation and administration … of papers and other historical materials of any President or former President of the United States.\" Pursuant to the law, the General Services Admi... |
train_13015 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report explains the major provisions of the federal estate and gift transfer taxes as they apply to transfers by nonresident aliens in 2014. Estate and gift taxes are two federal transfer taxes imposed on the passing of property title from one person or entity to another. The federal estate tax is levied on the tr... | [
"This report explains the major provisions of the federal estate and gift transfer taxes for transfers by nonresident aliens in 2014. This discussion highlights the different tax rules for estates of nonresident aliens as compared to the estates of U.S. citizens and resident aliens. In determining estate tax liabil... |
train_13016 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title VIII of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (H.R. 1314, P.L. 114-74) makes several changes to the Social Security programs. Among these changes is a temporary reallocation of the Social Security payroll taxes so that a larger share is deposited in the Disability Insurance (DI) trust fund to extend the life of this ... | [
"O n November 201, the President signed the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, P.L. 114-74 . Title VIII of the act makes several changes to the Social Security system, including provisions that affect the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program. Section 811 of the act requires the Social Security Administra... |
train_13017 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As part of a larger scheme to regulate drugs and other controlled substances, federal law prohibits the cultivation, distribution, and possession of marijuana. No exception is made for marijuana used in the course of a recommended medical treatment. Indeed, by categorizing marijuana as a Schedule I drug under the Contr... | [
"As part of a larger scheme to regulate drugs and other controlled substances, federal law prohibits the cultivation, distribution, and possession of marijuana. No exception is made for marijuana used in the course of a recommended medical treatment. Indeed, by categorizing marijuana as a Schedule I drug under the ... |
train_13018 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent reports that certain entities continued to receive federal government contracts after reincorporating overseas have prompted questions about current and proposed restrictions on contracting with "inverted domestic corporations." These questions are shaped, in part, by the broader debate over whether such corpora... | [
"Recent reports that certain entities continued to receive federal government contracts after reincorporating overseas have prompted questions about current and proposed restrictions on contracting with \"inverted domestic corporations.\" These questions are shaped, in part, by the broader debate over whether such ... |
train_13019 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) sets minimum standards for hourly wages, overtime pay, and child labor. The FLSA requires employers to pay covered employees at least $7.25 an hour and at least one-and-a-half times their regular hourly wage for hours worked over 40 hours a week at a given job. However, the FLSA incl... | [
"The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) sets minimum standards for hourly wages, overtime pay, and child labor. The FLSA requires employers to pay covered employees at least $7.25 an hour. The act also requires employers to pay covered workers at least one-and-a-half times their regular hourly wage for hours worked ov... |
train_13020 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The policy debate over the role of nuclear power in the nation's energy mix is rooted in the technology's fundamental characteristics. Nuclear reactors can produce potentially vast amounts of useful energy with relatively low consumption of natural resources and emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Howev... | [
"The long-running policy debate over the future of nuclear energy is rooted in the technology's inherent characteristics. Initially developed for its unprecedented destructive power during World War II, nuclear energy seemed to hold equal promise after the war as a way of providing limitless energy to all humanity.... |
train_13021 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report focuses on the nexus between security and environmental concerns in Pakistan that have the potential to affect American security and foreign policy interests. Environmental concerns include, but are not limited to, water and food scarcity, natural disasters, and the effects of climate change. Environmental ... | [
"This report explores the nexus between the environment and security in Pakistan in order to assess how environmental stress in Pakistan can lead to security issues that affect American security and foreign policy interests in the region. Environmental crises such as water scarcity, soil depletion, and natural disa... |
train_13022 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The existence of a sizable population of "DREAMers" in the United States has prompted questions about unauthorized aliens' eligibility for admission to public institutions of higher education, in-state tuition, and financial aid. The term DREAMer is widely used to describe aliens who were brought to the United States a... | [
"T he existence of a sizable population of \"DREAMers\" in the United States has prompted questions about unauthorized aliens' eligibility for admission to public institutions of higher education, in-state tuition, and financial aid. The term DREAMer is widely used to describe aliens who were brought to the United ... |
train_13023 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One of the central features of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant is promoting work and job preparation for parents (mostly single mothers) in families that receive cash assistance. TANF was created in the 1996 welfare law, which was the culmination of a decades-long evolution from providing... | [
"One of the central features of the 1996 welfare reform law (Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, PRWORA, P.L. 104-193 ) was its focus on requiring and promoting work and job preparation for parents (mostly single mothers) in needy families with children. That law created the Tem... |
train_13024 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program, administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), was first authorized by Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, P.L. 93-383 (42 U.S.C. 5301, et seq.). The program is one of the largest and longest-standing federal block g... | [
"This report is intended as an introduction to the laws and rules governing the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and related programs. The CDBG program, administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), was first authorized by Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act (HCDA) ... |
train_13025 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility (MFFF) in South Carolina has been a key component of the current U.S. strategy for disposing of surplus weapons plutonium from the Cold War. Disposition of surplus plutonium is required by a 1998 agreement, amended in 2010, between the United States and the Russian Federation. ... | [
"With the end of the Cold War and breakup of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, control of surplus nuclear weapons material became an urgent U.S. foreign policy goal. Particular U.S. concern focused on plutonium from Soviet nuclear warheads, which it was feared posed a major nuclear weap ons proliferation risk. T... |
train_13026 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The financial crisis implicated the over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market as a source of systemic risk. In the wake of the crisis, lawmakers sought to reduce systemic risk to the financial system by regulating this market. One of the reforms that Congress introduced in the Dodd-Frank Act (P.L. 111-203) was mandator... | [
"The financial crisis implicated the unregulated over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market as a major source of systemic risk. In the wake of the crisis, lawmakers sought to introduce regulatory controls over this market, which many viewed as opaque and unregulated. A central element of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street R... |
train_13027 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria globally is a priority for Congress. The 108th and 110th Congresses enacted two pieces of legislation that have shaped U.S. responses to these diseases: P.L. 108-25, the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (Leadership Act), a... | [
"In January 2003, President Bush announced the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), a government-wide initiative to combat global HIV/AIDS. PEPFAR supports a wide range of HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care activities and is the largest commitment by any nation to combat a single disease. Late... |
train_13028 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Prior to the recent financial crisis, mortgage underwriting standards were relaxed to the point where many borrowers could only repay their loans if favorable financial conditions that existed at the time of origination remained intact. In other words, borrowers obtained mortgage loans that relied upon interest rates n... | [
"Prior to the recent financial crisis, mortgage underwriting standards were relaxed to the point where many borrowers could only repay their loans if the favorable financial conditions that existed at the time of origination remained intact. In other words, borrowers were able to obtain mortgage loans that relied u... |
train_13029 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since having its boundaries drawn by France after the First World War, Lebanon has struggled to define its national identity. Its population included Christian, Sunni Muslim, and Shia Muslim communities of roughly comparable size, and with competing visions for the country. Seeking to avoid sectarian conflict, Lebanese... | [
"Prior to World War I, the territories comprising modern-day Lebanon were governed as separate administrative regions of the Ottoman Empire. After the war ended and the Ottoman Empire collapsed, the 1916 Sykes-Picot agreement divided the empire's Arab provinces into British and French zones of influence. The area c... |
train_13030 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Energy's Office of Science conducts basic research in six overarching program areas: advanced scientific computing research, basic energy sciences, biological and environmental research, fusion energy sciences, high-energy physics, and nuclear physics. Through primarily these programs, the Department ... | [
"The Department of Energy's Office of Science conducts basic research in six overarching program areas: advanced scientific computing research, basic energy sciences, biological and environmental research, fusion energy sciences, high-energy physics, and nuclear physics. Through primarily these programs, the Depart... |
train_13031 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In United States v. Windsor, the U.S. Supreme Court held that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was unconstitutional, finding, in part, that it violated the Constitution's equal protection and substantive due process guarantees. Section 3 had required that marriage be defined as the union of one man and o... | [
"I n United States v. Windsor , the U.S. Supreme Court held that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was unconstitutional, finding, in part, that it violated the Constitution's equal protection and substantive due process guarantees. Section 3 had required that marriage be defined as the union of one ma... |
train_13032 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. Trade Representative Robert B. Zoellick signed the U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on September 14, 2004. The implementing legislation was passed by the House on December 7, 2005, and passed by the Senate and cleared for the White House on December 13, 2005. The agreement was signed into law by the Preside... | [
"On September 14, 2004, U.S. Trade Representative Robert B. Zoellick signed a free trade agreement (FTA) between Bahrain and the United States. Formal negotiations were launched in Manama, Bahrain on January 26, 2004, and were completed on May 27, 2004. The House Ways and Means Committee approved draft legislation ... |
train_13033 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Consumer Protection and Wall Street Reform Act (Dodd-Frank Act; P.L. 111-203), known as the "pay ratio provision," requires the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to write rules to implement a requirement that public companies disclose the ratio between the total compensation of a... | [
"The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act; P.L. 111-203 ) was signed into law on July 21, 2010, as a response to the 2008-2009 financial crisis. The act mandated extensive financial regulatory reform. Section 953(b) of the act, the so-called pay ratio provision, requires the Sec... |
train_13034 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Practical and legal hurdles, including the difficulty of locating hidden Al Qaeda members and the infeasibility of enforcing judgments in terrorism cases, hinder victims' attempts to establish liability in U.S. courts against, and recover financially from, those they argue are directly responsible for the September 11 ... | [
"N umerous legal and practical obstacles, such as the infeasibility of locating Al Qaeda operatives, stand in the way of victims seeking to establish liability in U.S. courts against, and recover damages from, the terrorists who planned and carried out the September 11, 2001, attacks. Victims, however, have sued nu... |
train_13035 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report examines human rights conditions in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and policy options for Congress. The PRC government under the leadership of Chinese Communist Party General Secretary and State President Xi Jinping has implemented a clampdown on political dissent, civil society, human rights activist... | [
"Human rights conditions in the People's Republic of China (PRC) long have been a central issue in U.S.-China relations. The two governments' different perceptions of human rights are an underlying source of mutual misunderstanding and mistrust. Frictions over human rights issues affect other issues in the bilatera... |
train_13036 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Beginning in 1986, Congress required the President to certify annually, subject to congressional review, that drug producing or drug transit countries hadcooperated fully with the United States in drug control efforts to avoid a series of aid and trade sanctions. Mexicohas been fully certified each year, but Congresscl... | [
"This report summarizes U.S. congressional action relating to Mexican drug control and drug certification issuesfrom 1986 to 2002, with emphasis on recentactions. It explains the development and the procedures of the drug certification requirements in the mid-1980s andthe steps taken in the initial years followinge... |
train_13037 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since enactment of the Refugee Act of 1980, the Immigration and Nationality Act has contained a designation for a group of children defined as "unaccompanied refugee minors" (URMs): refugee children in the United States under the age of 18, without a parent or close relative who is willing or able to care for them. The... | [
"Since enactment of the Refugee Act of 1980, the Immigration and Nationality Act has contained a designation for a group of children termed as \"unaccompanied refugee minors\" (URMs): refugee children in the United States under the age of 18, without a parent or close relative willing or able to care for them. The ... |
train_13038 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Health care reform legislation raises a significant set of complex issues, and among the thornier for policy makers are the noncitizen eligibility and verification issues. That the treatment of foreign nationals complicates health care reform legislation is not surprising given that reform of immigration policy poses i... | [
"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ( P.L. 111-148 , PPACA) was signed into law on March 23, 2010. On March 30, 2010, PPACA was amended by P.L. 111-152 , the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. In terms of the noncitizen eligibility and verification provisions, the PPACA mirrors the Se... |
train_13039 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides information on the federal statutes, regulations, and guidelines concerning the restrictions on the acceptance of gifts and things of value by officers or employees in the executive branch of the United States government. The laws and regulations on the receipt of "gifts" by executive branch person... | [
"Federal employees in the executive branch of government are regulated in their acceptance of \"gifts\" and things of value from outside, private sources under provisions of federal law as well as under detailed standards of conduct regulations promulgated for the entire executive branch of the federal government b... |
train_13040 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), an agency of the Department of Commerce, is the executive branch's principal advisory office on domestic and international telecommunications and information policies. Its mandate is to provide greater access for all Americans to telecommunications ... | [
"The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) is an agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) that serves as the executive branch's principal advisory office on domestic and international telecommunications and information technology policies. The NTIA frequently works with other exec... |
train_13041 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | From beginning of the fiscal year on October 1, 2007, until the enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act on December 26, 2007, funding for the legislative branch was provided through a series of interim continuing appropriations measures. The first, which was signed by President Bush on September 29, 2007, prov... | [
"The FY2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act, which was enacted on December 26, 2007, provides $3.97 billion in new budget authority for the legislative branch. This total includes an across-the-board rescission of 0.25% which was applied to accounts within the legislative branch division of the act. From the beginn... |
train_13042 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Trump Administration's initial FY2018 budget request, released on May 23, 2017, included a total of $677.1 billion for the national defense budget function (Budget Function 050), which encompasses all defense-related activities of the federal government. Of that amount, $659.8 billion was for appropriation accounts... | [
"The annual National Defense Authorization Act ( NDAA ) provides authorization of appropriations for the Department of Defense (DOD), defense-related atomic energy programs of the Department of Energy, and defense-related activities of other federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In addition ... |
train_13043 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The House of Representatives resolves into the Committee of the Whole, a parliamentary device designed to allow greater participation by Members in debate, to consider most major measures. Various rules and procedures govern how and when Members can engage in debate, offer amendments, make motions and requests, and tak... | [
"Members of the House of Representatives have multiple opportunities to participate in the consideration of measures on the floor. They can discuss legislation, propose changes to the pending text, and suggest actions that may facilitate deliberation or expedite decision making. To achieve these legislative objecti... |
train_13044 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although new legislation to address greenhouse gases is a leading priority of the President and many members of Congress, the ability to limit these emissions already exists under Clean Air Act authorities that Congress has enacted – a point underlined by the Supreme Court in an April 2007 decision, Massachusetts v. EP... | [
"This report was originally published in May 2009, and the majority of the text reflects the authors' analysis of EPA's potential regulation of stationary sources under the Clean Air Act at that time. That analysis has not changed substantially, but s ince that time , EPA has given several further indications of it... |
train_13045 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The provision of health care in the United States has been described as fragmented, with patients seeing multiple unrelated providers. Fragmented care has been found to be, among other things, both costly, since provider payments are not linked to performance or outcomes and services can be duplicative, and of lower qu... | [
"A noted shortcoming in the American health care system is the fragmented care available to most individuals. Fragmented care, where patients see multiple unrelated providers, has been found to be, among other things, both costly, since provider payments are not linked to performance or outcomes and services can be... |
train_13046 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government is authorized to make grants to state agencies for vocational rehabilitation (VR) services. These grants support services to help individuals with disabilities prepare for and engage in employment. VR state grants are administered at the federal level by the Rehabilitation Services Administration... | [
"The federal government is authorized to make grants to state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies. These grants support services to aid individuals with disabilities in preparing for and engaging in employment. State agencies use VR funding to provide individualized services to individuals who have physical or ... |
train_13047 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. treatment of enemy combatants and terrorist suspects captured in Afghanistan, Iraq, and other locations has been a subject of long-standing debate, including whether such treatment complies with U.S. statutes and treaties such as the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the U.N. Convention Against Torture (CAT). In respons... | [
"Amidst controversy regarding U.S. treatment of enemy combatants and terrorist suspects detained in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations, Congress approved additional guidelines concerning the treatment of persons in U.S. custody and control via the Detainee Treatment Act (DTA), which was enacted pursuant to both... |
train_13048 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 169A of the Clean Air Act (CAA) sets "as a national goal the prevention of any future, and the remedying of any existing, impairment to visibility" in designated "class I areas" (e.g., national parks and wilderness areas). It requires 26 categories of major stationary sources of pollution—including electric gen... | [
"When amending the Clean Air Act in 1977, Congress added provisions focused on protecting the quality of clean air areas, and especially of national parks and other important national sites. Codifying regulations developed by EPA in 1974 and 1975, the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program focuses on... |
train_13049 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report tracks and provides an overview of actions taken by the Administration and Congress to provide FY2018 appropriations for the International Trade Administration (ITA), the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC), and the office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). These three trade-related a... | [
"This report tracks and provides an overview of actions taken by the Administration and Congress to provide FY2018 appropriations for the International Trade Administration (ITA), the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC), and the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). The three trade-relate... |
train_13050 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On October 2, 2017, the Supreme Court is to begin its new term. While the Court issued a number of notable decisions during its last full term, Court watchers have largely agreed that, at least compared to recent terms, the Court's October 2016 term was diminished both with regard to volume and content. With the Court ... | [
"O n October 2, 2017, the Supreme Court is to begin its new term. While the Court issued a number of notable decisions during its last full term, Court watchers have largely agreed that, at least compared to recent terms, the Court's October 2016 term was diminished both with regard to volume and content. The Court... |
train_13051 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, more often referred to as the "Committee of the Whole," is the House of Representatives operating as a committee on which every Member of the House serves. The House of Representatives uses this parliamentary device to take procedural advantage of a somewhat d... | [
"The Committee of the Whole has been an accepted practice in the United States Congress since the First Congress convened in 1789. It was used earlier in many of the colonial legislatures, as well as in the Continental Congress. The custom has its antecedents in English parliamentary practice. De Alva Stanwood Alex... |
train_13052 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Poverty measures convey the number or percentage of people falling below given income amounts, which are intended to represent a level of economic privation and are computed using some factually based measurement of basic needs. The poverty measures discussed in this report—the official U.S. poverty measure and the res... | [
"Poverty estimates—the number and percentage of persons living in poverty—have been of interest to Congress not only to gauge the nation's economic health, but also because they are used to determine funding allocations for a variety of programs. Understanding how poverty is defined, how it is measured, and what in... |
train_13053 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (CHAMPVA) was established by the Veterans Health Care Expansion Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-82). CHAMPVA is primarily a health insurance program where certain eligible dependents and survivors of veterans receive care from private sector health care... | [
"The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides health care services to veterans who meet certain eligibility requirements. The VHA is primarily a direct service provider of primary care, specialized care, and related medical and social support services to veterans thou... |
train_13054 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA, P.L. 111-5) provided an unprecedented level of federal funding for broadband projects across the nation. These projects are intended to expand broadband availability and adoption in unserved and underserved areas, which in turn is believed to contribute to increased fut... | [
"Signed into law on February 17, 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA, P.L. 111-5 ) provided $7.2 billion for broadband grant and loan programs at the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the Department of Commerce (DOC) and the Rural Utilities Service (RUS) of the ... |
train_13055 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal motor vehicle safety regulation was established more than 50 years ago by the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (P.L. 89-563) to address the rising number of motor vehicle fatalities and injuries. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) administers vehicle safety laws and has issu... | [
"In 1956, the year Congress authorized the Interstate Highway System, there were 37,965 fatalities on U.S. roads—6.05 fatalities for every 100 million vehicle miles traveled (VMT). The construction of limited-access highways spurred travel by automobile, leading to an increase in the number of fatal accidents. Cong... |
train_13056 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States and Russia signed a new strategic arms reduction treaty (New START) on April 8, 2010. This Treaty replaces the original START Treaty, which the United States and Soviet Union signed in July 1991. START entered into force in December 1994 and expired on December 5, 2009. The original START Treaty count... | [
"The United States and Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) on July 31, 1991. After the demise of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the parties signed a Protocol that named the four former Soviet Republics with nuclear weapons on their territory—Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia—p... |
train_13057 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 22, 2004 the 9/11 Commission released its final report. The report calls for changesto be made by the executive branch and Congress to more effectively protect our nation in an ageof modern terrorism and provides forty-one concrete recommendations. Generally, therecommendations of the 9/11 Commission as they re... | [
"Central to a global strategy for combating terrorism is defining the threat and understandingwho the enemy is. \"Terrorism\" as a generic concept is too vague and amorphous to design a strategyagainst. Moreover, terrorism, though often perceived as a threat, is perhaps better characterized asa tactic or a process.... |
train_13058 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The fleet of manned aircraft accomplishing the Department of Defense's (DOD's) Command and Control (C2) and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions for the joint military community (E-8, E-3, RC-135, WC-135, OC-135, and E-6) is primarily based on Boeing 707 aircraft procured from the 1960s to the ... | [
"The fleet of manned aircraft that accomplishes the Department of Defense's (DOD's) Command and Control (C2) and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions for the joint military community (E-8, E-3, RC-135, WC-135, OC-135, and E-6) is primarily based on Boeing 707 aircraft procured from the 1960... |
train_13059 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal counter-terrorism training programs are varied and are provided by numerous federal agencies and departments. Some of these departments and agencies include the Departments of Defense (DOD), Energy (DOE), Homeland Security (DHS), Health and Human Services (HHS), Justice (DOJ), Transportation (DOT), and the Envi... | [
"Federal counter-terrorism training programs are varied and are provided by numerous federal agencies and departments. Some of these departments and agencies include the Departments of Defense, Energy, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, Justice, and Transportation, and the Environmental Protection Agency... |
train_13060 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a brief overview and summary of the federal laws, ethical rules, and regulations which may be relevant to the activities of those who lobby the United States Congress. The report provides a summary discussion of the federal lobbying registration and disclosure requirements of the Lobbying Disclosur... | [
"This report is intended to provide a brief overview and summary of the federal laws, ethical rules, and regulations which may be relevant to the activities of those who lobby the United States Congress. The report provides a summary discussion of the federal lobbying registration and disclosure requirements of the... |
train_13061 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The health reform debate in the 111th Congress continued and expanded upon the work begun in the 110th Congress. On November 12, 2008, the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, Senator Baucus, released a white paper detailing his principles for health reform. This provided a framework for work within the committee ... | [
"The health reform debate in the 111 th Congress continued and expanded upon the work begun in the 110 th Congress. On November 12, 2008, the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, Senator Baucus, released a white paper detailing his principles for health reform. This provided a framework for work within the com... |
train_13062 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Organized retail crime (ORC) involves the large-scale theft of everyday consumer items and potentially has much broader implications. Organized groups of professional shoplifters, or "boosters," steal or fraudulently obtain merchandise that is then sold, or "fenced," to individuals and retailers through a variety of ve... | [
"Organized retail crime (ORC), often referred to as organized retail theft, typically refers to large-scale retail theft and fraud by organized groups of professional shoplifters, or \"boosters.\" It is an umbrella term encompassing a variety of retail crimes, including theft, gift card fraud, receipt fraud, ticket... |
train_13063 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Some types of postsecondary education programs at institutions of higher education that are eligible for participation in the federal student aid programs authorized under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), face additional conditions for Title IV aid eligibility. These programs, which are o... | [
"Since the enactment of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA; P.L. 89-329), participation in the federal student aid programs authorized under Title IV of the HEA has been available for certain educational programs on the condition that the programs prepare students for gainful employment in recognized... |
train_13064 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This fact sheet summarizes selected highlights of the military construction and military family housing portions of the FY2017 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act. The act is associated with three separate bill numbers: H.R. 4974, S. 2806, and H.R. 2577. Congressional action... | [
"This fact sheet highlights selected provisions found in the military construction portions of proposed appropriations bills for FY2017. These include H.R. 4974 , introduced to the House on April 15, 2016; S. 2806 , introduced to the Senate on April 18; and H.R. 2577 , originally introduced to the House on May 27, ... |
train_13065 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Organization agreements, and bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have been approved by majority vote of each house rather than by two-thirds vote of the Senate—that is, they have been treated as congressional-executive agreeme... | [
"The broad-gauged trade agreements entered into by the United States in the 1990s—the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement, and the multilateral trade agreements that a country must accept as a condition of WTO membership—were negotiated by the President and subm... |
train_13066 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Eligibility for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits are based on a worker's insured status, and payment levels are associated with the individual's career earnings under covered employment. Monthly payments are calculated using a formula that takes into account the period of employment, a worker's aver... | [
"The disability insurance portion of the Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program was enacted in 1956 and provides benefits to disabled workers under the full retirement age (FRA) in amounts based on an individual's career-average earnings in covered employment. A statutory formula determines mon... |
train_13067 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | P.L. 106-58 (H.R. 2490), signed by the President September 29, 1999, to fund the Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President, several independent agencies and to providepartial funding for the U.S. Postal Service. The act funds the accounts at $27.99 billion, includingmandatories (before scorekeep... | [
"On September 29, 1999, President Clinton signed P.L. 106-58 (H.R. 2490),making appropriations for the Department of the Treasury, the Postal Service, theExecutive Office of the President and other independent agencies for FY2000. Subsequently, P.L. 106-113 , approved November 29, required a 0.38% cut in allfunding... |
train_13068 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After passing a major multi-year tax cut in Mid-2001 (which was sunsetted after 10 years) and a stimulus bill in 2002, Congress considered, but did not complete, work on energy tax subsidies,taxincentives for charitable giving deductions, pension diversification in the wake of the ENRON problems, and taxshelters. The H... | [
"Tax Activity in the 107th Congress RS20264 -- Tax Activity in the 107 th Congress Updated January 14, 2003 Summary After passing a major multi-year tax cut in Mid-2001 (which was sunsetted after 10 years) and a stimulus bill in 2002, Congress considered, but did not complete, work on energy tax subsidies,taxincent... |
train_13069 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One hundred sixteen million U.S. households watch television. Approximately 86% of those households subscribe to a service that carries the retransmitted signals of broadcast stations over fiber optic cables, telephone lines, or through satellite dishes on the premises. Such services, known as multichannel video progra... | [
"There are two primary ways for a household to receive broadcast television signals: (1) by using an individual antenna that receives broadcast signals directly over the air from a television station, or (2) by subscribing to a multichannel video programming distributor (MVPD), which brings the retransmitted signal... |
train_13070 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1976, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; P.L. 94-469) was enacted to direct the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to obtain information relevant to evaluating the lifecycle (i.e., manufacture, importation, processing, distribution, use, and disposal) of industrial and commercial chemicals for "unreasona... | [
"In 1976, President Ford signed into law the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), which requires the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to identify and regulate chemicals in U.S. commerce that present an \"unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment\" or an imminent hazard. In proposing the leg... |
train_13071 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report examines the specialty metal clause, potential oversight issues, and options for Congress. The specialty metal clause in the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) prohibits the Department of Defense (DOD) from acquiring end units or components for aircraft, missile and space systems, shi... | [
"This report examines the specialty metal clause in the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS), potential oversight issues, and options for Congress. The specialty metal clause prohibits DOD from acquiring end units or components for aircraft, missile and space systems, ships, tank and automotive... |
train_13072 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent revelations about the size and scope of government foreign surveillance efforts have prompted some to criticize the level of scrutiny that the courts—established under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA)—currently provide with respect to the government's applications to engage in such survei... | [
"Recent controversies over the nature of the government's foreign surveillance activity have prompted some to argue that the judiciary's review of government surveillance requests under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) should be far more exacting. Accordingly, some have proposed transforming... |
train_13073 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A vacant presidentially appointed, Senate-confirmed position (herein, "advice and consent position") can be filled temporarily under one of several authorities that do not require going through the Senate confirmation process. Under specific circumstances, many executive branch vacancies can be filled temporarily under... | [
"A ccording to the 2016 edition of the Plum Book , more than 1,000 executive branch positions are filled through appointment by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate (herein, advice and consent positions). The Constitution and federal statutes provide several authorities for temporarily filling va... |
train_13074 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Revelations in early 2008 that cattle were mistreated at a California slaughter plant raised questions about enforcement of the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act. Evidence emerged that the plant had permitted nonambulatory ("downer") cattle to be slaughtered for human food, also potentially jeopardizing food safety. The ... | [
"On February 17, 2008, USDA announced that Hallmark/Westland Meat Packing Co. of California was recalling 143 million pounds of fresh and frozen beef products dating to February 1, 2006. About 50 million pounds were distributed to the school lunch and other federal nutrition programs in at least 45 states. This lar... |
train_13075 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress periodically establishes agricultural and food policy in an omnibus farm bill. The 112th Congress faces reauthorization of the current five-year farm bill (the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, P.L. 110-246) because many of its provisions expire in 2012. The 2008 law contained 15 titles covering farm... | [
"Congress periodically establishes agricultural and food policy in an omnibus farm bill. Federal farm commodity price and income support, conservation, food assistance, agricultural trade, marketing, and rural development policies are governed by a variety of separate laws. However, many of these laws are regularly... |
train_13076 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Most states exempt from state income taxes the interest earned on bonds issued by that particular state and its political subdivisions, while taxing the interest earned on bonds issued by other states and their political subdivisions. Some argue that these state tax schemes violate the Commerce Clause by discriminating... | [
"The Commerce Clause provides that \"Congress shall have Power ... To regulate Commerce ... among the several States....\" The Supreme Court has long held that the Clause prohibits states from unduly burdening interstate commerce even in the absence of federal regulation. This restriction, known as the dormant or n... |
train_13077 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Through mid-May 2007, the United States had confirmed three cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or "mad cow disease"): the first in December 2003 in a Canadian-born cow found in Washington state, the second in June 2005 in cow in Texas, and the third in March 2006 in a cow in Alabama. Shortly after the firs... | [
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or \"mad cow disease\") is a fatal degenerative neurological disease of cattle. It is believed to be caused by an abnormal protein, called a prion. It is in the family of related diseases referred to as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or TSEs. TSEs include scrapie i... |
train_13078 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report consists of a chart of selected federal excise taxes that apply to sales of goods and services. The chart is divided into two columns. The first indicates how the taxes are imposed, and the second contains a general listing of statutory exemptions, with a special emphasis on whether there are statutory exem... | [
"The chart below lists various federal excise taxes on retailers and manufacturers, the location of the tax in the Internal Revenue Code, a general rule as to who has to pay the tax, and a listing of statutory exemptions, with an indication of whether there are special exemptions for federal agencies. The general r... |
train_13079 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Public diplomacy is defined in different ways, but broadly it is a term used to describe a government's efforts to conduct foreign policy and promote national interests through direct outreach and communication with the population of a foreign country. Public diplomacy activities include providing information to foreig... | [
"The United States has long sought to influence the peoples of foreign countries through public diplomacy (PD) efforts. Public diplomacy provides a foreign policy complement to traditional government-to-government diplomacy, which is dominated by official interaction carried out between professional diplomats. Unli... |
train_13080 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In February 2014, protests over the Ukrainian government's decision to postpone concluding an association agreement that would lead to closer relations with the European Union (EU) culminated in violence and the collapse of then-President Viktor Yanukovych's government. The government that followed pledged to embrace p... | [
"Ukraine is one of the largest successors, by territory, population, and economy, to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, or Soviet Union) (for map, see Figure 1 ). Historically, Ukrainians trace their lineage to the medieval Kievan Rus, an early Orthodox Christian state that Russians also consider to be ... |
train_13081 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5) emphasizes jobs, economic recovery, and assistance to those most impacted by the recession. It also stresses investments in technology, transportation, environmental protection, and other infrastructure and proposes strategies to stabilize state and ... | [
"The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5 ) was signed into law by President Obama on February 17, 2009. The stated purposes of the law include the following: 1. To preserve and create jobs and promote economic recovery. 2. To assist those most impacted by the recession. 3. To provide in... |
train_13082 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Japan's nuclear incident has engendered much public and congressional concern about the possible impact of radiation on the Japanese public, as well as possible fallout on U.S. citizens. This report provides information on technical aspects of the nuclear incident, with reference to human health. While some radioactive... | [
"The Japanese earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 caused extensive damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). This damage has released some radioactive materials, and there are widespread fears about the health effects of current and possible future releases. These fears, and public concern about r... |
train_13083 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The labeling of genetically engineered (GE) foods, sometimes referred to as genetically modified foods (GMO foods), has been the subject of debate among members of the general public, industry participants, and federal and state governments. Grocery Manufacturers Association v. Sorrell serves as a case study on the con... | [
"T he labeling of genetically engineered (GE) foods, sometimes referred to as genetically modified foods (GMO foods), has been the subject of debate among members of the general public, industry participants, and federal and state governments. The U.S. House of Representatives also debated the issue of GE food labe... |
train_13084 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Social Security's special minimum benefit provision, also known as the Special Minimum Primary Insurance Amount (PIA), is an alternative benefit formula that increases benefits paid to workers who had low earnings for many years, and to their dependents and survivors. The Special Minimum PIA is based on the number of y... | [
"Social Security's minimum benefit provision, the Special Minimum Primary Insurance Amount (PIA), is an alternative benefit formula that increases benefits paid to workers who had low earnings for many years and to their dependents and survivors. Unlike the standard Social Security benefit formula, which is based o... |
train_13085 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. economic sanctions imposed on North Korea are instigated by that country's activities related to weapons proliferation, especially its tests since 2006 of nuclear weapons and missile technology; regional disruptions; terrorism; narcotics trafficking; undemocratic governance; and illicit activities in international... | [
"The United States imposes economic sanctions on North Korea for activities related to weapons proliferation, particularly its pursuit of nuclear weapons capability and a missile delivery system; regional disruptions; narcotics trafficking; undemocratic governance; and illicit activities in international markets, i... |
train_13086 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Prior to the enactment of the FY2008 defense authorization act (H.R. 4986/P.L. 110-181 of January 28, 2008), 10 U.S.C. §2401 stated DOD may not lease a vessel or aircraft for a period of more than five years unless it is specifically authorized by law to make such a lease. Operating under this provision, the Department... | [
"Prior to the enactment of the FY2008 defense authorization act ( H.R. 4986 / P.L. 110-181 of January 28, 2008), 10 U.S.C. §2401 stated DOD may not lease a vessel or aircraft for a period of more than five years unless it is specifically authorized by law to make such a lease. Section 1011 of the FY2008 defense aut... |
train_13087 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (P.L. 100-526) and the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (P.L. 81-152) provide the basic framework for the transfer and disposal of military installations closed during the base realignment and closure (BRAC) process. In general, property at BR... | [
"The nation's military installations have gone through several rounds of base realignments and closures (BRAC), the process by which excess military facilities are identified and, as necessary, transferred to other federal agencies or disposed of, placing ownership in non-federal entities. Since the enactment of th... |
train_13088 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Solid gas hydrates are a potentially huge source of natural gas for the United States. Gas hydrates occur naturally onshore in some permafrost regions, and at or below the seafloor in sediments where water and gas combine at low temperatures and high pressures to form an ice-like solid substance, in which frozen water ... | [
"Gas hydrates are a potentially huge if uncertain global energy resource. Some estimates of the global potential resource for gas hydrates are 100,000 trillion cubic feet (TCF) or more for gas-in-place (meaning every molecule of gas hydrate, not necessarily what is technically or economically recoverable). However,... |
train_13089 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Prior to the financial crises and subsequent recession, the value of tax benefits for charitable contributions and organizations was estimated to be around $100 billion per year. About half of this cost arose from the deductions for charitable contributions with the other half from exemptions of earnings of nonprofits.... | [
"Historically, the value of tax benefits for charitable contributions and organizations was estimated to be around $100 billion per year. This figure fell in recent years due to the economic recession and slow recovery. Although revisions to the treatment of charitable contributions and tax-exempt organizations tha... |
train_13090 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In today's fluid geopolitical environment, the relationship between the United States, the world's oldest democracy and an established global power, and India, its most populous democracy and an aspiring global power, is seen as a key variable in the unfolding international dynamics of the 21st century. As U.S. foreign... | [
"For nearly five decades following Indian independence in 1947, the United States and India struggled to find common ground for a fruitful relationship. Prevailing geopolitical conditions during the Cold War undermined the potential for sustained bilateral engagement. Dramatic geopolitical changes after the fall of... |
train_13091 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Due to the growth in natural gas production, primarily from shale gas, the United States is benefitting from some of the lowest prices for natural gas in the world and faces the question of how to best use this resource. Different segments of the U.S. economy have different perspectives on the role natural gas can play... | [
"The relatively rapid expansion of U.S. natural gas resources over the last five years, particularly from shale gas, has been coupled with slower demand growth by natural gas consumers. The result has been low prices not seen for over a decade and, equally important, prices that are projected to stay low for decade... |
train_13092 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Expedited removal, an immigration enforcement strategy originally conceived to operate at the borders and ports of entry, is being expanded, raising a set of policy, resource, and logistical questions. Expedited removal is a provision under which an alien who lacks proper documentation or has committed fraud or willful... | [
"Expedited removal, an immigration enforcement strategy originally conceived to operate at the borders and ports of entry, recently has been expanded in certain border regions. Whether the policy should be made mandatory and extended into the interior of the country is emerging as an issue. Expanding expedited remo... |
train_13093 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | More than 100 years of international efforts to ban chemical weapons culminated January 13, 1993, in the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). The Convention entered intoforce April 29, 1997. One hundred fifty-three of the 178 signatories have ratified the Convention. On April 24, 1997, the Senate passed th... | [
"The United States signed the Chemical Weapons Convention in the last days of the first Bush Administration (1/13/93), and the Convention was submitted to the Senate for its advice and consentin the midst of the 103rd Congress (11/23/93). In the 103rd, 104th, and 105th Congresses, anextensive series of 13 hearings ... |
train_13094 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | High-frequency trading (HFT) is a broad term without a precise legal or regulatory definition. It is used to describe what many characterize as a subset of algorithmic trading that involves very rapid placement of orders, in the realm of tiny fractions of a second. Regulators have been scrutinizing HFT practices for ye... | [
"On May 6, 2010, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), a broad stock index, fell by nearly 1,000 points over the course of several minutes and then quickly rebounded. This was one of the largest intraday declines in the history of the DJIA and was described by one commentator as \"one of those eye-opening events... |
train_13095 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the populist rule of President Hugo Chávez, first elected in 1998 and reelected to a six-year term in December 2006, Venezuela has undergone enormous political changes, with a new constitution and unicameral legislature, and a new name for the country, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. U.S. officials and huma... | [
"On July 27, 2009, the government of Sweden asked for an explanation from Venezuela of how the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) obtained Swedish-made anti-tank rocket launchers that had been sold to Venezuela in the 1980s. Venezuelan officials denied any Venezuelan government involvement with the FARC.... |
train_13096 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The electric power industry is in the process of transformation. The electricity infrastructure of the United States is aging, and uncertainty exists around how to modernize the grid, and what technologies and fuels will be used to produce electricity in the future. Congress will likely be faced with policy issues rega... | [
"The electric power industry is in the process of transformation. The electricity infrastructure of the United States is aging, and uncertainty exists around how to modernize the grid, and what technologies and fuels will be used to produce electricity in the future. Unresolved questions of transmission and reliabi... |
train_13097 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses in a very general way the major federal securities laws. The major federal securities laws may be grouped into two categories according to the time of their passage: the acts passed in the wake of the stock market crash of 1929 and the acts passed later in the 20th century and early in the 21st ce... | [
"T he major federal securities laws that form the basis for the regulation of securities in the United States were enacted in the wake of the stock market crash of 1929. These acts include the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the Investment Adviser... |
train_13098 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Lisbon Treaty, the latest institutional reform treaty of the European Union (EU), went into effect on December 1, 2009. The document was signed by the heads of state or government of the 27 EU member countries in December 2007. The process of completing ratification by each individual member country lasted nearly t... | [
"The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership that is unique in history. Built upon a series of treaties and embodied in a set of governing institutions, the EU represents a voluntary pooling of sovereignty among 27 countries. These countries have committed to a process of integration by harmoni... |
train_13099 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In May 2011, the Supreme Court ruled in Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America v. Whiting that federal immigration law did not preempt an Arizona statute that authorized or required the suspension or termination of the licenses of businesses that knowingly or intentionally hire unauthorized aliens, and als... | [
"This report discusses state and local restrictions upon employing unauthorized aliens in light of the May 26, 2011, decision by the Supreme Court in Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America v. Whiting . The Court's decision in Whiting arose from a facial challenge to the Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA)... |
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