id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
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train_16000 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) is an independent federal agency that administers the programs authorized by two statutes: the National and Community Service Act of 1990 (NCSA; P.L. 101-610), as amended, and the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (DVSA; P.L. 93-113), as amended. NCSA and D... | [
"The Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) was established by the National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993 ( P.L. 103-82 ). Operating as an independent federal agency, the CNCS oversees all national and community service programs authorized by the National and Community Service Act of 1990 (... |
train_16001 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although it has been a high Army priority, a number of factors havecomplicated the RAH-66 Comanche program. Since its inception, the program has been restructured severaltimes-postponing the initial operational capability (IOC) and increasing overall program costs. In late 2002, DoDrestructured the RAH-66 program again... | [
"RS20522 -- Army Aviation: The RAH-66 Comanche Helicopter Issue Updated July 2, 2003 The RAH-66 Comanche is a next generation armed reconnaissance helicopter. It is the first helicopter designed anddeveloped specifically for this mission. The Comanche is being designed to stealthily penetrate enemy airspace andcond... |
train_16002 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, as amended) was signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. As is often the case with legislation, the ACA granted rulemaking authority to federal agencies to implement many of its provisions. The regulations issued pursuant to the ACA and other stat... | [
"Federal regulations generally result from an act of Congress and are one significant means by which statutes are implemented. Congress delegates rulemaking authority to agencies for a variety of reasons, and in a variety of ways. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, as amended) provides a notable e... |
train_16003 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal tax burden on small firms and its effects on their formation and growth have long been matters of legislative concern for Congress. This abiding interest has helped pave the way for the enactment of a series of tax laws in recent years that included targeted tax relief for a number of small businesses. This... | [
"Small business owners in general have long been praised within the United States for their contributions to the economy, especially their impact on job growth and innovation. Thus, the federal income tax burden on small firms and its effects on their formation and growth have been perennial issues for Congress. Ma... |
train_16004 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has expressed significant interest in increasing the availability of broadband services throughout the nation. Broadband over powerlines (BPL) has the potential to play a significant role in increasing the competitive landscape of the communications industry as well as extend the reach of broadband to a greate... | [
"Congress has expressed significant, ongoing interest in increasing the availability of broadband services throughout the nation, both in expanding the geographic availability of such services (e.g., into rural as well as more urban areas), as well as expanding the service choices available to consumers (e.g, promo... |
train_16005 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), eight agencies are designated components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS): (1) the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), (2) the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), (3) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC... | [
"The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has designated eight of its 11 operating divisions (agencies) as components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The PHS agencies are (1) the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), (2) the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), (3... |
train_16006 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Debate over the creation of a federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) position has ebbed and flowed over the past five years as Congress has sought to addressgovernment information technology (IT) management issues. In private sector organizations, a CIO is often a seniordecisionmaker providing leadership anddirection ... | [
"Debate over the creation of a federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) position has ebbed and flowed over thepast five years as Congress has sought to addressgovernment information technology (IT) organizational and management issues. In private sector organizations witha CIO, this person serves as the seniordecisi... |
train_16007 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A variety of proposals were made in the 110th Congress regarding granting the Delegate of the District of Columbia voting rights in the House. On January 24, 2007, the House approved H.Res. 78, which changed the House Rules to allow the D.C. delegate (in addition to the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico and the dele... | [
"A variety of proposals were made in the 110 th Congress regarding granting the Delegate of the District of Columbia voting rights in the House. On January 19, 2007, Representative Hoyer introduced H.Res. 78 , which proposed House Rule changes allowing the District of Columbia delegate (in addition to the Resident ... |
train_16008 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Increases in the price of crude oil that began in 2004 pushed the spot price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI), a key oil in determining market prices, to nearly $100 per barrel in the third quarter of 2007. Tight market conditions persisted through the remainder of 2007, with demand growth in China, India, and other pa... | [
"The average spot market price for West Texas Intermediate (WTI), a reference grade of U.S. crude oil, was up 9.5% in 2007 compared to 2006, while the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) futures price for WTI approached $100 per barrel (p/b) in December 2007. Refinery capacity utilization rates approached 90% or m... |
train_16009 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report reviews the recent incidence of terrorism in South Asia, concentrating on Pakistan and India, but also including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. The existenceof international terrorist groups and their supporters in South Asia is identified as a threat to bothregional stability and to the att... | [
"In early 2005, the United States began advertizing in mass-circulation Urdu-languagenewspapers and on radio and television stations in Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province topromote a rewards program for wanted Al Qaeda suspects. In May, Al Qaeda fugitive Abu Farajal-Libbi, a Libyan native wanted in connection w... |
train_16010 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 20, 2003, the President signed into law the FY2003 omnibus appropriations act( P.L. 108-7 , H.J.Res. 2 ), containing funding for agencies and programs within theeleven regular FY2003 appropriations bills that were unresolved in the 107th Congress. For the U.S.Department of Agriculture (USDA) and related age... | [
"On February 20, 2003, the President signed into law the FY2003 omnibusappropriations act ( P.L. 108-7 , H.J.Res. 2 ), which includes $74.25billion in regular FY2003 funding for USDA and related agencies. Of this amount,$17.545 billion is for discretionary programs. Not included in the total is $3.1 billionin suppl... |
train_16011 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 2250 of Title 18 of the United States Code outlaws an individual's failure to comply with federal Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) requirements. SORNA demands that an individual—previously convicted of a qualifying federal, state, or foreign sex offense—register with state, territorial, or... | [
"Federal law punishes convicted sex offenders for failure to register as the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) demands. The offense consists of three elements: (1) a continuing obligation to report to the authorities in any jurisdiction in which the individual resides, works, or attends school;... |
train_16012 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Trade in agricultural products frequently is one of the more difficult issues negotiators face in concluding free trade agreements (FTAs). While U.S. negotiators seek to eliminate barriers to U.S. agricultural exports, they also face pressures to protect U.S. producers of import sensitive commodities (i.e., beef, dairy... | [
"In his State of the Union address on January 28, 2008, President Bush called upon Congress to approve this year pending free trade agreements (FTAs) negotiated with Colombia, Panama, and South Korea. He emphasized the importance to U.S. economic growth of opening up new markets overseas and noted how these FTAs \"... |
train_16013 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States, Canada, Denmark, and Australia are advanced economies that share many features, but their approaches to financing homeownership have differed. As the U.S. Congress considers housing finance reform, the experiences of these other nations may suggest some potentially useful policy approaches. In recent... | [
"This report discusses mortgage markets in selected nations and identifies aspects of housing finance that may suggest interesting policy options as Congress debates housing finance reform in the United States. The report describes similarities and differences in a number of countries by comparing homeownership rat... |
train_16014 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the late 1990s, the United States began to focus on the possible deployment of defenses against long-range ballistic missiles. The planned National MissileDefense (NMD) system would have exceeded the terms of the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. Recognizing this,the Clinton Administration sought toconvince Russia... | [
"During the latter years of the Clinton presidency, the United States began to focus on the possible deploymentof defenses against long-range ballistic missiles. The Administration, and many missile defense supporters, claimed that the United States needed to pursue NationalMissile Defenses (NMD) because \"rogue\"n... |
train_16015 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Child welfare services are intended to prevent the abuse or neglect of children; ensure that children have safe, permanent homes; and promote the well-being of children and their families. For FY2018, an estimated $9.5 billion in federal support was made available for child welfare purposes. Comparable funding for FY20... | [
"C hild welfare services are intended to prevent the abuse or neglect of children; ensure that children have safe, permanent homes; and promote the well-being of children and their families. As the U.S. Constitution has been interpreted, states bear the primary authority for ensuring the welfare of children and the... |
train_16016 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In August 2012, Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos announced that the government was engaged in exploratory peace talks with the violent leftist insurgent group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), in a bid to resolve a nearly 50-year internal armed conflict. The secret, initial dialogue between the ... | [
"On August 24, 2016, Colombian government negotiators and the negotiating team for the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) signed a final peace agreement in Havana, Cuba, after almost four years of formal peace talks. On September 17, 2016, the FARC began their 10 th National Guerrilla Conference, which l... |
train_16017 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the context of budget deficit and fiscal policy debates, policymakers have considered a number of options for raising additional federal revenues, including a carbon tax. A carbon tax could apply directly to carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, or to the inputs (e.g., fossil fuels) that lea... | [
"The FY2013 budget deficit is projected to be $845 billion, or 5.3% of gross domestic product (GDP). From 2009 through 2012, the federal budget has exceeded $1 trillion annually. While budget deficits have begun to decline, current fiscal policies remain unsustainable, and budget deficits are projected to continue.... |
train_16018 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 2014, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) has required most individuals to maintain health insurance coverage or potentially to pay a penalty for noncompliance. Specifically, most individuals are required to maintain minimum essential coverage for themselves and their de... | [
"This report describes the individual mandate as established under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148 , as amended). It also discusses the ACA reporting requirements designed, in part, to assist individuals in providing evidence of having met the mandate. The ACA requires most individ... |
train_16019 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148, as amended), a health insurance exchange has been established in each state and the District of Columbia (DC). Exchanges are marketplaces where individuals and small businesses can "shop" for health insurance coverage. The ACA instructed eac... | [
"A health insurance exchange has been established in every state, as required by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Each exchange has two parts, a marketplace where individuals can shop for and enroll in health insurance coverage, and a small business health options program (SHOP) exchange for sm... |
train_16020 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has long recognized the need to protect the legal interests of servicemembers whose service to the nation may compromise their ability to meet specified commercial and financial obligations. The purpose of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA) is to provide for, strengthen, and expedite the national defen... | [
"Congress has long recognized the need to protect the legal interests of servicemembers whose service to the nation may compromise their ability to meet certain commercial and financial obligations. During the Civil War, Congress enacted an absolute moratorium on civil actions brought against soldiers and sailors. ... |
train_16021 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In March 2010, President Obama signed into law a comprehensive health reform bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148), and a package of amendments to ACA, the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (HCERA; P.L. 111-152). Health reform was one of President Obama's top domest... | [
"On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law a comprehensive health reform law, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The following week, on March 30, 2010, the President signed the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (HCERA), which amended numerous health care and revenue pr... |
train_16022 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2005, Congress considered a number of issues relating to the Andean region and drugtrafficking, including continued funding for the Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) and conditionson U.S. assistance. In addition to ACI, Andean countries benefit from Foreign Military Financing(FMF), International Military Education... | [
"The Andean Counterdrug Initiative was designed to provide assistance to seven countries inthe broadly defined Andean region: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, andVenezuela. (3) The regionis important to the U.S. drug policy because it includes three major drug producing countries(Colombia, Bolivia,... |
train_16023 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The International Criminal Court (ICC) has, to date, opened cases exclusively in Africa. Cases concerning 25 individuals are open before the Court, pertaining to crimes allegedly committed in six African states: Libya, Kenya, Sudan (Darfur), Uganda (the Lord's Resistance Army, LRA), the Democratic Republic of Congo, an... | [
"On June 27, ICC judges issued arrest warrants for Libyan leader Muammar al Qadhafi, his son Sayf al Islam al Qadhafi, and intelligence chief Abdullah al Senussi, having found \"reasonable grounds\" to believe that they are responsible for crimes against humanity, including murder and \"persecution.\" (See \" Libya... |
train_16024 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the mid-1990s, EPA has initiated actions resulting in regulatory mandatesand enforcement actions directed primarily at coal-fired electric generating utilities. These actions would, ifimplemented,substantially reduce air pollutants, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOx). These initiatives include the OzoneTransport ... | [
"RS20553 -- Air Quality and Electricity: Initiatives to Increase Pollution Controls Updated October 25, 2002 Since the mid-1990s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated actions that have resulted in regulatorymandates and enforcement actions that would, if implemented, substantially reduce air... |
train_16025 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Beginning in the late 1970s, highly publicized cases of children who were abducted, sexually abused, and sometimes murdered prompted policymakers and child advocates to declare a missing children problem. At that time, about 1.8 million children annually were reported to the police as missing. More recent data indicate... | [
"The Missing and Exploited Children's (MEC) program—administered by the Department of Justice's (DOJ's) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) in the Office of Justice Programs (OJP)—seeks to prevent cases of missing and sexually exploited children and to support communities in responding to ... |
train_16026 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Some observers asserted that leading up to the financial crisis of 2007-2009 banks did not have sufficient credit loss reserves or capital to absorb the resulting losses and as a consequence supported additional government intervention to stabilize the financial system. In its legislative oversight capacity, Congress h... | [
"Some observers asserted that leading up to the financial crisis of 2007-2009 banks did not have sufficient credit loss reserves or capital to absorb the losses and as a consequence supported additional government intervention to stabilize the financ ial system. In an effort to prevent future government interventio... |
train_16027 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One criticism of the current budget process is that it does not encourage or require the consideration of long-term budgetary concerns. In this context, a long-term concern is one that affects the budget beyond the traditional five- or 10-year budget window as currently used in the congressional budget resolution and t... | [
"Both the President and Congress play a role in forming federal spending and revenue policy: the President submits an annual budget proposal, and Congress typically adopts an annual budget resolution and then passes legislation, which must be signed by the President, within the parameters established by that budget... |
train_16028 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The distribution of income in the United States features heavily in congressional discussions about the middle class, program funding and effectiveness, new and existing target groups, government tax revenue, and social mobility, among other topics. Recently, the level and distribution of U.S. income have also been rai... | [
"The distribution of income in the United States features heavily in congressional discussions about the middle class, program funding and effectiveness, new and existing target groups, government tax revenue, and social mobility, among other topics. Recently, the level and distribution of U.S. income have also bee... |
train_16029 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | S. 2262 has four energy efficiency titles, which address buildings, industry, federal agencies, and certain regulatory measures. Title V would provide a budgetary offset for bill authorizations. The bill was derived directly from S. 1392, often referred to as the Shaheen-Portman bill of 2013. During the first session, ... | [
"The first version of the Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act was introduced as S. 1000 in the 112 th Congress. It had three energy efficiency titles, which addressed buildings, industry, and federal agencies. Title IV provided a budgetary offset for bill authorizations. The bill was reported by the S... |
train_16030 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Interior (DOI), except for the Bureau of Reclamation, and for agencies within other departments—including the Forest Service within the Department of Agriculture and the Indian Health Service within the Depart... | [
"The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for agencies and programs in three separate federal departments, as well as numerous related agencies and bureaus. It provides funding for Department of the Interior (DOI) agencies (except for the Bureau of Reclamation, fun... |
train_16031 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the first session of the 110th Congress, the House and the Senate passed two markedly different versions of omnibus energy efficiency and renewable energy legislation. This report compares major provisions in House-passed H.R. 3221 and Senate-passed H.R. 6. Key legislative challenges remain. First, there are signifi... | [
"In the first session of the 110 th Congress, the House and the Senate passed two markedly different versions of omnibus energy efficiency and renewable energy legislation. The Senate version of H.R. 6 , the proposed Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act of 2007 , passed the Senate on June... |
train_16032 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Speaker of the House and the Senate majority leader of the 111th Congress pledged to take up comprehensive immigration reform legislation, the most controversial piece of which concerns unauthorized aliens in the United States. Although the 111th Congress did not take up a comprehensive immigration bill, it did con... | [
"Comprehensive immigration reform was debated in the 109 th and 110 th Congresses, but no comprehensive legislation was enacted. The Speaker of the House and the Senate majority leader pledged to take up immigration reform legislation in the 111 th Congress. In the past, comprehensive bills addressed border securit... |
train_16033 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An "industry standard" is a set of technical specifications that provides a common design for a product or process. Standardization is crucial to the functioning of the modern innovation-based economy and in particular to the efficient interoperability of technologically complex consumer electronic devices. Standards a... | [
"This report provides an overview of the current debate over whether a holder of a patent essential to an industry standard, who has promised to license such patented technology on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms, may nevertheless obtain an injunction from a federal court or an exclusion orde... |
train_16034 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report explains the conditions in five countries in Central America (Costa Rica, ElSalvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) and one country in the Caribbean (DominicanRepublic) that will be partners with the United States in the U.S.-Dominican Republic-CentralAmerica Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) signed in ... | [
"On October 1, 2002, the Bush Administration notified Congress of the intention to enter intonegotiations leading to a free trade agreement with five Central American countries (Costa Rica, ElSalvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua). Negotiations for a U.S.-Central America FreeTrade Agreement (CAFTA) were laun... |
train_16035 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent years, Congress has included provisions in annual defense authorization bills addressing issues related to detainees at the U.S. Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and, more broadly, the disposition of persons captured in the course of hostilities against Al Qaeda and associated forces. The National Defen... | [
"I n the years since President Obama took office, Congress has included provisions in annual defense authorization bills addressing issues related to detainees at the U.S. Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and, more broadly, the disposition of persons captured in the course of hostilities against Al Qaeda and ... |
train_16036 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal personnel may be subject to certain conflict of interest restrictions on private employment activities even after they leave service for the United States government. These restrictions—applicable when one enters private employment after having left federal government service—are often referred to as "revolving... | [
"Conflict of interest regulations and restrictions on certain private employment opportunities for a federal officer or employee do not necessarily end with the termination of the officer's or employee's federal service. This report is intended to provide a brief history and description of the provisions of federal... |
train_16037 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has long taken a leadership role in establishing and sustaining offices of inspector general (OIGs), which now exist in more than 60 federal departments and agencies. This effort began with Congress's initiation of the first contemporary statutory inspectors general (IGs) in 1976; it has continued with passage... | [
"The Inspector General Act, as amended, will reach its 30 th anniversary in 2008, and today there are more than 60 offices of inspectors general (OIGs). This longevity and growth built on the efforts of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (then the Committee on Government Operations) in spearheading th... |
train_16038 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) provides funding for various educational programs, including a State Fiscal Stabilization Fund. The State Fiscal Stabilization Fund (SFSF) provides federal funding to states to support elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education. Although fede... | [
"The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5 ) provides funding for various education programs. Among these programs, ARRA includes the State Fiscal Stabilization Fund, which provides federal funding to states to support elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education. Funds for moderniz... |
train_16039 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the mid-1990s, the use of government purchase cards has expanded at a rapid rate. Spurred by legislative and regulatory reforms designed to increase the use of purchase cards for small acquisitions, the dollar volume of government purchase card transactions grew from $527 million in FY1993, to $19.3 billion in FY... | [
"The General Services Administration (GSA) manages the federal government's charge card program, known as SmartPay. Through SmartPay, agencies are able to select charge card products and services from contracts that GSA has negotiated with major banks. The contracts allow agencies to select different types of charg... |
train_16040 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR) is an estimate of prevailing interest rates in London money markets. Barclays, a British bank that serves on the panel responding to the LIBOR survey, recently admitted submitting false responses to manipulate the index (and attempting to manipulate a similar index, the Euro Inte... | [
"This report answers several common questions regarding the London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR), an index representing prevailing interest rates in London money markets. Recently, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) reached settlements with Barclays, in which the... |
train_16041 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview and analysis of FY2018 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The primary focus of this report is on congressional direction and funding provided to DHS through the appropriations process. It includes an Appendix with definitions of key budget terms used throughou... | [
"This report describes and analyzes annual appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2018. It compares the enacted FY2017 appropriations for DHS, the Donald J. Trump Administration's FY2018 budget request, and the appropriations measures developed in response. This report identifies additio... |
train_16042 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) of 1995, as amended, individuals are required to register with the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate if they lobby either legislative or executive branch officials. In January 2009, Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner placed further rest... | [
"Since 1995, Congress has on three occasions approved legislation to regulate lobbyists' contacts with executive branch officials. Prior to 1995, lobbying laws only required that lobbyists contacting Members of Congress register with the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate. Under c... |
train_16043 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the 1980s, a number of Indian tribes developed high-stakes bingo and other gaming operations to raise non-federal revenue to fund their governments. In 1988, after the Supreme Court held, in California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, that federal and tribal interests in Indian gaming preempted state law such tha... | [
"Today, Indian gaming is big business. In 2010, 237 of the 565 federally recognized tribes operated 422 tribal gaming enterprises which generated $25.6 billion in revenues. Twenty-eight states have some form of Indian gaming. Indian gaming accounted for 25% of the total revenues of the legal gaming industry and is ... |
train_16044 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent years, a number of high-profile incidents of sexual violence at institutions of higher education (IHEs) have heightened congressional and administration scrutiny of the policies and procedures that IHEs use to address sexual violence on campus. Among other things, concerns have been expressed about standards ... | [
"Recent high-profile incidents of sexual violence on campus have heightened congressional and administrative scrutiny of the policies and procedures that institutions of higher education (IHEs) use to address such violence. The Obama Administration has taken steps to facilitate the reporting of sexual violence and ... |
train_16045 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In December of 2008, Congress unanimously enacted the Worker, Retiree, and Employer Recovery Act of 2008 (WRERA) (P.L. 110-458), which makes several technical corrections to the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-280) and contains provisions designed to help pension plans and plan participants weather the current... | [
"There has been a great deal of concern over the effect of the current economic downturn on retirement plans. One company recently reported that at the end of 2008, the \"chaos\" in the financial markets led to a $409 billion deficit in defined benefit pension plan funding for the plans of S&P 1500 companies. The r... |
train_16046 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Absent legislation providing appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2014, the Department implemented a shutdown furlough on October 1, 2013. Operations of different components were affected to varying degrees by the shutdown. While an estimated 31,295 employees were furloughed, roughly 85% o... | [
"Late on September 30, 2013, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) gave notice to federal agencies that an emergency shutdown furlough would be put in place as a result of the impending lapse in annual appropriations for FY2014. Federal agencies had been directed to develop contingency plans in preparation for ... |
train_16047 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military personnel issues typically generate significant interest from many Members of Congress and their staffs. Ongoing military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, along with the emerging operational role of the Reserve Components, further heighten interest in a wide range of military personnel policies and issues. ... | [
"Each year, the Senate and House Armed Services Committees report their respective versions of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). These bills contain numerous provisions that affect military personnel, retirees and their family members. Provisions in one version are often not included in another; are tr... |
train_16048 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On March 23, 2010, the President signed into law H.R. 3590, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, P.L. 111-148), as passed by the Senate on December 24, 2009, and the House on March 21, 2010. PPACA will, among other changes, modify Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) statutes. I... | [
"On March 23, 2010, the President signed into law H.R. 3590 , the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA; P.L. 111-148 ), as passed by the Senate on December 24, 2009, and the House on March 21, 2010. PPACA, among other changes, modified Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) statute... |
train_16049 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Educational and Cultural Exchange Visitor program has become a gateway for foreign medical graduates (FMGs) to gain admission to the United States as nonimmigrants for the purposeof graduate medical education and training. The visa most of these physicians enter under is the J-1nonimmigrant visa. Under the J-1 visa... | [
"International medical graduates (IMGs) are foreign nationals or U.S. citizens who graduate froma medical school outside of the United States. In 2002, the most recent year for which data areavailable, there were 853,187 practicing physicians in the United States. IMGs accounted for 24.7%(210,355) of these, and 27.... |
train_16050 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) is a measure of economic deprivation—having insufficient financial resources to achieve a specified standard of living. The SPM addresses some of the limitations of the official poverty measure, without supplanting it outright. Both the SPM and the official measure determine the p... | [
"As its name might suggest, t he S upplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) was developed to supplement , but not replace , the official poverty measure by addre ssin g some of its met hodological limitations . T he official measure provides a consistent historical view of poverty in the United States , but t he SPM may b... |
train_16051 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Supreme Court granted certiorari in Winkelman v. Parma City School District (05-983) to determine whether, and if so, under what circumstances non-attorney parents of a child with a disability may bring suit without using an attorney under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The circuit courts are spli... | [
"The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is both a grants statute and a civil rights statute. It provides federal funding for the education of children with disabilities and requires, as a condition for the receipt of such funds, the provision of a free appropriate public education (FAPE). Originally enacte... |
train_16052 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States has yet to find a solution that assures seamless communications among first responders and emergency personnel at the scene of a major disaster. Since September 11, 2001, when communications failures contributed to the tragedies of the day, Congress has passed several laws intended to create a nationw... | [
"For nearly a decade, Congress and successive Administrations have worked to improve emergency communications across the nation. Although the issue of interoperable communications for first responders has drawn the most attention, there have also been several initiatives, including legislation, to upgrade the funct... |
train_16053 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report examines the legislative history and design structure of the nation's four federally chartered regional commissions: the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC), the Denali Commission (DC), the Delta Regional Authority (DRA), and the Northern Great Plains Regional Authority (NGPRA). For each of the four entit... | [
"The Appalachian Regional Commission, created in 1965, is the oldest of the four regional commissions and authorities chartered by Congress to address development and related issues affecting multi-state regions and substate areas experiencing long-term economic distress and isolation. In 1960, governors of nine st... |
train_16054 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This CRS report provides estimates of the costs of major U.S. wars from the American Revolution through current conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere. It presents figures both in "current year dollars," that is, in prices in effect at the time of each war, and in inflation-adjusted "constant dollars" updated to... | [
"Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Congress has appropriated more than a trillion dollars for military operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere around the world. The House and Senate are now considering an additional request for $33 billion in supplemental funding for the remainder of FY2010,... |
train_16055 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal budget is a central component of the congressional "power of the purse." Each fiscal year, Congress and the President engage in a number of activities that influence short- and long-run revenue and expenditure trends. This report offers context for the current budget debate and tracks legislative events rel... | [
"F ederal budget decisions express the priorities of Congress and reinforce its influence on federal policies. Making budgetary decisions for the federal government is a complex process and requires the balance of competing goals. The Great Recession adversely affected federal budget outcomes through revenue declin... |
train_16056 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) spells out a strict set of admissions criteria and exclusion rules for all foreign nationals who come permanently to the United States as immigrants (i.e., legal permanent residents) or temporarily as nonimmigrants. Notably, any alien who engages in terrorist activity, or is a ... | [
"In the years following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, considerable concern has been raised because the 19 terrorists were aliens (i.e., foreign nationals) who apparently entered the United States on temporary visas despite provisions in immigration law intended to bar the admission of suspected terrori... |
train_16057 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On November 21, 2013, by overturning a ruling of the chair on appeal, the Senate set a precedent that lowered the vote threshold required by Senate Standing Rule XXII for invoking cloture on most presidential nominations. The precedent did not change the text of Rule XXII of the Standing Rules; rather, the Senate estab... | [
"In recent Congresses, renewed attention has been paid to the rules and practices of the Senate that allow committed Senate minorities (or individuals) to delay or prevent a vote on pending business unless a supermajority can successfully use the cloture process to reach a vote. Various proposals to change Senate r... |
train_16058 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Defense (DOD) spends billions of dollars per year on fuel, and is pursuing numerous initiatives for reducing its fuel needs and changing the mix of energy sources that it uses. DOD's energy initiatives pose several potential oversight issues for Congress, and have been topics of discussion and debate ... | [
"This report provides background information and identifies issues for Congress on Department of Defense (DOD) energy initiatives. DOD spends billions of dollars per year on fuel, and is pursuing numerous initiatives for reducing its fuel needs and changing the mix of energy sources that it uses. DOD's energy initi... |
train_16059 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The mission of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC) is to understand current and future biological threats; assess vulnerabilities and determine potential consequences; and provide a national capability for conducting forensic analysis of evidence from bio-crimes and bio-terrorism. The NB... | [
"As Congress perform oversight in the 110 th Congress, biodefense research, biosecurity, and the activities of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in this area may become of interest. As DHS continues its activities in biological threat assessment, the 110 th Congress may have a unique perspective into these ... |
train_16060 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Concern regarding the level of low-cost imports from China and other countries and its impact on U.S. firms and workers, combined with China's limiting of the appreciation of its currency, have led some in Congress to introduce legislation proposing to make countervailing duty laws applicable to China and other nonmark... | [
"Countervailing duty laws attempt to provide relief to domestic industries that have been, or are threatened with, material injury as a result of imported goods sold in the U.S. market that have been found to be subsidized by a foreign government or public entity. The relief provided is an additional import duty pl... |
train_16061 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cryptocurrencies are digital money in electronic payment systems that generally do not require government backing or the involvement of an intermediary, such as a bank. Instead, users of the system validate payments using certain protocols. Since the 2008 invention of the first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies... | [
"In 2008, an unknown computer programmer or group of programmers using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto created a computer platform that would allow users to make valid transfers of digital representations of value. The system, called Bitcoin , is the first known cryptocurrency . A cryptocurrency is digital money in ... |
train_16062 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the context of climate change and possible responses to the risk associated with it, three variables strongly influence the levels and growth of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: population, income (measured as per capita gross domestic product [GDP]), and intensity of emissions (measured as tons of greenhouse gas emi... | [
"The interactions of three variables underlie debates on the issue of climate change and what responses might be justified: the magnitude and rates of change of (1) population, (2) incomes, and (3) intensity of greenhouse gas emissions relative to economic activities. This report examines the interrelationships of ... |
train_16063 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Division G of Title II of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141) extended U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) authority to collect fees from the pesticide industry for the maintenance and evaluation of pesticide registrations under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA;... | [
"T he Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act of 2012 (PRIA 3), which amended certain provisions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), reauthorized the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to collect and use two types of fees to enhance and accelerate the agency's pestic... |
train_16064 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Medicare is the nation's health insurance program for individuals aged 65 and over and certain disabled persons. Medicare consists of four distinct parts: Part A, or Hospital Insurance (HI); Part B, or Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI); Part C, or Medicare Advantage (MA); and Part D, the outpatient prescription dru... | [
"Medicare is a federal insurance program that pays for covered health care services of qualified beneficiaries. It was established in 1965 under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act as a federal entitlement program to provide health insurance to individuals 65 and older, and has been expanded over the years to in... |
train_16065 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. The government has supported various efforts to promote cooperative research and development activities among industry, universities, and the federal... | [
"In response to concerns over competition from foreign firms, the U.S. Congress has increasingly looked for ways the federal government can stimulate technological innovation in the private sector. This technological advancement is critical in that it contributes to economic growth and long term increases in our st... |
train_16066 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Introduced in the 110 th Congress, the Protecting Employees and Retirees in Business Bankruptcies Act of 2007 ( H.R. 3652 ) proposes a number of changes to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. According to the sponsors, the changes are needed to remedy inequities in the bankruptcy process and to recognize that employees and retir... | [
"Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code is used by financially troubled business debtors that want to reorganize their financial affairs so that they may remain in business rather than liquidate. Although a trustee is appointed in chapter 7 liquidations, in a business reorganization under chapter 11, the debtor gen... |
train_16067 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 28, 2007, the United States and Panama signed a free trade agreement (FTA) after two and a half years and 10 rounds of negotiations. Negotiations formally concluded on December 16, 2006, with an understanding that changes to labor, environment, and intellectual property rights chapters would be made pursuant to... | [
"On June 28, 2007, the United States and Panama signed a free trade agreement (FTA) after two and a half years and 10 rounds of negotiations. The U.S.-Panama FTA is a reciprocal and comprehensive trade agreement, replacing U.S. unilateral preferential trade treatment extended under the Caribbean Basin Economic Reco... |
train_16068 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has enacted a number of federal laws banning discrimination in employment decisions, including hiring and firing of employees. For example, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment if the discrimination is based on race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. The Amer... | [
"A number of federal laws prohibit discrimination in employment decisions, including hiring and firing of employees. Generally, these laws also include statutory exceptions for the employment of ministers within religious institutions and organizations. This protection arises most often in the context of employment... |
train_16069 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Information about contracts and other types of government procurements made in support of hurricane recovery efforts may be obtained online from the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS), the Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Navy's Military Sealift Command websites. The g... | [
"Information about contracts and other award types related to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita is available from several sources, including: Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS), at https://www.fpds.gov . Department of Homeland Security (DHS), at http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/interapp/editorial/editorial_0729.xml . (In... |
train_16070 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), provides federal funding to support community-based mental health and substance abuse prevention and treatment services. SAMHSA awards formula and competitive grants under its authorities in... | [
"The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is the lead federal agency for increasing access to behavioral health services. SAMHSA funds community-based mental health and substance abuse treatment and prevention services and coll... |
train_16071 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report addresses the proposed U.S.-Malaysia free trade agreement (FTA). It provides an overview of the current status of the negotiations, a review of the 2008 talks, an examination of leading issues that have arisen during the negotiations, a review of U.S. interests in the proposed agreement, a summary of the po... | [
"On March 8, 2006, then U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) Rob Portman announced and notified Congress of the Administration's intent to negotiate a free trade agreement (FTA) with Malaysia.. At the time, then USTR Portman indicated that he thought the negotiations could be completed \"within a year.\" The first roun... |
train_16072 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) was formed to increase international cooperation in interdicting shipments of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), their delivery systems, and related materials. The Initiative was announced by President Bush on May 31, 2003. PSI does not create a new legal framework but aims t... | [
"President George W. Bush unveiled the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) in Krakow, Poland, on May 31, 2003. PSI appeared to be a new channel for interdiction cooperation outside of treaties and multilateral export control regimes. In its December 2002 National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction (... |
train_16073 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | House Rule XI, clause 2(m)(1) and (3) authorizes House committees and subcommittees to issue subpoenas for the attendance of witnesses and the production of documents. Senate Rule XXVI, paragraph 1 authorizes Senate committees and subcommittees to subpoena witnesses and documents. In turn, most House and Senate committ... | [
"The rules of both the House and the Senate provide power to committees and subcommittees to subpoena witnesses and documents. Committees' subpoena power is defined thus: \"The authority granted to committees by the rules of their respective houses to issue legal orders requiring individuals to appear and testify, ... |
train_16074 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Strong indications exist that the North Korean (Democratic People's Republic of Korea or DPRK) regime has been involved in the production and trafficking of illicit drugs, as well as of counterfeit currency, cigarettes, and pharmaceuticals. It appears that drug trafficking has declined and counterfeiting of cigarettes ... | [
"Allegations of North Korean (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, or DPRK) drug production, drug trafficking, and other crime-for-profit activities have been an issue of concern for Congress, the Administration, the media, and the diplomatic community. The issue is twofold. First is general U.S. interest in halt... |
train_16075 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In response, in part, to overall growth in Medicare program expenditures and growth in expenditures per Medicare beneficiary, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, P.L. 111-148, as amended) created the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB, or the Board) and charged the Board with developing proposa... | [
"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, P.L. 111-148 , as amended) created the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB, or the Board) to \"reduce the per capita rate of growth in Medicare spending.\" The Board's proposals will be implemented by the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secret... |
train_16076 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is part of a suite of reports that discuss appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It specifically discusses appropriations for the components of DHS included in the first title of the homeland security appropriations bill—the Office of the Secretary and Executive Management... | [
"This report is part of a suite of reports tha t discuss appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It specifically discusses appropriations for the components of DHS included in the first title of the homeland security appropriations bill—the Office of the Secretary and Executive Mana... |
train_16077 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | High-level officials in all three branches of the federal government are required to publicly disclose detailed information concerning their financial holdings and transactions in income-producing property and assets, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real property, as well as information on income, gifts, and r... | [
"The public disclosure of the details of one's personal finances, ownerships, investments, and income is required from high-level elected and appointed officials in all three branches of the federal government under the provisions of law originally enacted as the Ethics in Government Act of 1978. Such public disclo... |
train_16078 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since Russia emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. C... | [
"U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since it emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. ... |
train_16079 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Sharing borders with Kosovo and Serbia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) managed to avoid becoming directly involved in the drawn-out wars in Bosnia andKosovo in the 1990s. Inter-ethnic relations between the Slav majority and ethnic Albanian minorityin Macedonia, while often tense, never reached the cr... | [
"For nearly a decade, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia managed to escape the kindof brutal ethnic conflict in Croatia, Bosnia, and Kosovo that accompanied the breakup of the formerYugoslavia in the 1990s. The international community gave high priority to preventing the spreadof ethnic conflict to Macedonia... |
train_16080 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Fair Housing Act (FHA) was enacted "to provide, within constitutional limitations, for fair housing throughout the United States." The original 1968 act prohibited discrimination on the basis of "race, color, religion, or national origin" in the sale or rental of housing, the financing of housing, or the provision ... | [
"The Fair Housing Act (FHA) was enacted \"to provide, within constitutional limitations, for fair housing throughout the United States.\" The original 1968 act prohibited discrimination on the basis of \"race, color, religion, or national origin\" in the sale or rental of housing, the financing of housing, or the p... |
train_16081 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. agricultural exports, imports, and the agricultural trade surplus are expected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to reach record levels in FY2011. FY2011 U.S. farm exports are forecast by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to reach $137 billion, while agricultural imports are expected to reach $93 billi... | [
"According to USDA, FY2012 agricultural exports are forecast to reach $131 billion, slightly below the fiscal 2011 record level of $137 billion. U.S. agricultural imports are forecast to reach $106.5 billion in FY2012, a record high and a $12 billion increase over FY2011 agricultural imports. The expected $24.5 bil... |
train_16082 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | To address the turmoil in financial markets, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (EESA; H.R. 1424, P.L. 110-343), enacted on October 3, 2008, authorizes purchases of "troubled assets." The act passed the Senate on October 1, 2008, passed the House on October 3, 2008, and was signed into law the same day. While the... | [
"To address the turmoil in financial markets, Congress passed and the President signed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (EESA; H.R. 1424 , P.L. 110-343 ) on October 3, 2008. The act authorizes the Secretary of Treasury \"to restore liquidity and stability to the financial system of the United States\" (Sec.... |
train_16083 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report describes the scope of the collective bargaining authority that Congress has granted to the Postal Service and authority of Congress to modify employee-management relations by altering that scope or the terms of collective bargaining agreements. It also summarizes some provisions—H.R. 2309, the Postal Refor... | [
"Article I, Section 8, clause 7 of the Constitution grants Congress power to establish post offices and post roads. Pursuant to this power, Congress enacted the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, which created the United States Postal Service as an independent establishment in the executive branch of the U.S. gover... |
train_16084 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Challenges to Russia's democratic development have long been of concern to Congress as it has considered the course of U.S.-Russia cooperation. The Obama Administration has been critical of the apparently flawed Russian presidential election which took place on March 4, 2012, but has called for continued engagement wit... | [
"Challenges to Russia's democratic development have long been of concern to Congress as it has considered the course of U.S.-Russia cooperation. The Obama Administration has been critical of the apparently flawed Russian presidential election which took place on March 4, 2012, but has called for continued engagemen... |
train_16085 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An insurance score, a type of credit score, is a number produced by a computer scoringmodel that analyzes aperson's credit information (i.e., payment history, collections, balances, and bankruptcies) obtained principally fromthat person's credit reports. Increasingly,insurers have been using insurance scores as an unde... | [
"RS21341 -- Credit Scores: Credit-Based Insurance Scores Updated January 19, 2005 An insurance score, a type of credit score, is a number produced by a proprietary computer scoring model that analyzes a person's credit history information,such as payment history, collection, balances, and bankruptcies. While credit... |
train_16086 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The House of Representatives has several different parliamentary procedures through which it can bring legislation to the chamber floor. Which of these will be used in a given situation depends on many factors, including the type of measure being considered, its cost, the amount of political or policy controversy surro... | [
"The House of Representatives has several different parliamentary procedures through which it can bring legislation to the chamber floor. Which will be used in a given situation depends on many factors, including the type of measure being considered, its cost, the amount of political or policy controversy surroundi... |
train_16087 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | California ranks as the leading agricultural state in the United States in terms of farm-level sales. In 2012, California's farm-level sales totaled nearly $45 billion and accounted for 11% of total U.S. agricultural sales. Five counties—Tulare, Kern, Fresno, Monterey, and Merced—rank among the leading agricultural cou... | [
"Much attention has been focused on the use of water to grow certain agricultural crops in California, given current drought conditions in the state and mandatory cutbacks for non-agricultural water users. This attention has been twofold. First, media reports have highlighted how much water is used overall by Calif... |
train_16088 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Executions declined through the 1950s and 1960s and ceased after 1967, pending definitiveSupreme Court decisions. This interval ended only after States altered their laws in response to the1972 Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia , a 5-4 decision deciding that the death penalty,as imposed under existing law, co... | [
"Is the death penalty consistent with the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against theimposition of cruel and unusual punishments? The Supreme Court considered various applicationsof the death penalty in the 1930s, 40s and 50s. (1) In each case, it upheld the state's action without addressing thebroader issue of the ... |
train_16089 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Ally Financial, formerly known as General Motors Acceptance Corporation or GMAC, provides auto financing, insurance, online banking, and mortgage and commercial financing. For most of its history, it was a subsidiary of General Motors Corporation. Like some of the automakers, it faced serious financial difficulties due... | [
"In 2008 and 2009, collapsing world credit markets and a slowing global economy combined to create the weakest market in decades for production, financing, and sale of motor vehicles in the United States and many other industrial countries. The production and sales slides were serious business challenges for all au... |
train_16090 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On September 27, 2007, the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 (FDAAA; H.R. 3580) was signed into law (P.L. 110-85). The comprehensive law reauthorizes four expiring Food and Drug Administration (FDA) programs and expands the agency's authority to regulate the safety of prescription drugs and biologics,... | [
"The Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA; P.L. 110-85 ) was signed into law on September 27, 2007. The law reauthorizes four expiring Food and Drug Administration (FDA) programs and expands the agency's authority to ensure the safety of prescription drugs and biologics, medical devices, and foods. FD... |
train_16091 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | While most observers recognize that the fundamentals of supply and demand have contributed to record energy prices in 2008, many also believe that the price of oil and other commodities includes a "speculative premium." In other words, speculators who seek to profit by forecasting price trends are blamed for driving pr... | [
"Are oil speculators the messengers bearing bad news, or are they themselves the bad news? The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), which regulates speculative trading in energy commodities, has found no evidence that prices are not being set by the economic fundamentals of supply and demand. Many analysts ... |
train_16092 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The powers of Congress begin and end with the Constitution. The Constitution vests Congress with explicit authority to enact criminal laws relating to counterfeiting, piracy, crimes on the high seas, offenses against the law of nations, and treason. It grants Congress other broad powers, such as the power to regulate i... | [
"The federal government is a creature of the Constitution. It enjoys no authority that cannot be traced back to the Constitution. This is as true of Congress as of the other branches. Although the Constitution grants Congress extensive legislative powers, it vests Congress with explicit authority to enact criminal ... |
train_16093 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b), 2671-2680, makes the United States liable, in accordance with the law of the state where a tort occurs, for some of the torts of its employees committed within the scope of their employment. It also makes federal employees immune from all lawsuits arising under s... | [
"The reason that Congress has sometimes declared private organizations or individuals federal employees for FTCA purposes is generally that it has concluded that potential liability, or the high cost of liability insurance, could discourage an organization, or its employees or volunteers, from doing the work it doe... |
train_16094 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An agricultural export health certificate verifies that agricultural products are prepared or raised in accordance with requirements of the importing country. In the United States, export health certificates are issued primarily by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (... | [
"The United States exports agricultural products to nearly every country in the world. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports that U.S. agricultural exports reached nearly $139 billion in FY2017 ( Figure 1 ). To successfully ship agricultural products, exporters must conform to importer requirements. USD... |
train_16095 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although the United States Intelligence Community encompasses large Federal agencies—the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the National Reconnaissance Office, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), and the National Security Agency (NSA)—among others—neither Congress n... | [
"Since the creation of the modern U.S. intelligence community after World War II, neither Congress nor the executive branch has made public the total extent of intelligence spending except for two fiscal years in the 1990s. Rather, intelligence programs and personnel have largely been contained, but not identified,... |
train_16096 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Attention to environmental issues in the 110th Congress focused early and heavily on climate change—the state of the science, and whether (and, if so, how) to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Seventeen bills were introduced to establish GHG emission caps, and hearings on climate change were held by at least 10 c... | [
"Attention to environmental issues in the 110 th Congress focused early and heavily on climate change. The shift of control from Republicans to Democrats in the new Congress altered the political dynamic concerning this issue, although it did not result in enacted legislation. Hearings were held by at least 10 comm... |
train_16097 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Animal agriculture is being transformed by rapid advances in biotechnology—a term that encompasses a variety of technologies, including genetic engineering (GE), genetic modification, transgenics, recombinant DNA techniques, and cloning, among others. Producers are interested in the application of biotechnology to impr... | [
"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released two recent documents that renewed public and congressional interest in animal biotechnology in general and animal cloning in particular. On January 15, 2009, the agency released final guidance representing its current thinking on the regulation of genetically en... |
train_16098 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to issue rules requiring annual reports filed by reporting issuers to state the responsibility of management for establishing and maintaining an adequate internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting ... | [
"On July 30, 2002, President Bush signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, P.L. 107-204 . This law has been described by some as the most important and far-reaching securities legislation since passage of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, both of which were passed in the wak... |
train_16099 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their person, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and partic... | [
"The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution governs all searches and seizures conducted by government agents. The Amendment contains two separate clauses: a prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures, and a requirement that probable cause support each warrant issued. The issue of \"reasonableness\" i... |
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