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99,900 | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a Krull–Schmidt category is a generalization of categories in which the Krull–Schmidt theorem holds. They arise, for example, in the study of finite-dimensional modules over an algebra. | Krull–Schmidt category | 0.795844 |
99,901 | His most-cited result, written in collaboration with Nobel laureate Tsung-Dao Lee, is the Kinoshita-Lee-Nauenberg theorem (KLN theorem). Since the 1990s, he has published numerous works on the history of science, especially about physicists from the 17th century. Among them are works on the work of Isaac Newton, Robert... | Michael Nauenberg | 0.795844 |
99,902 | The conclusion was the same for all of them: Domenico Starnone is the secret author of Elena Ferrante. In 2018, Mark Glickman, a senior lecturer in statistics at Harvard University, worked with Ryan Song, a former statistics student at Harvard, and Jason Brown, a professor at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, applyi... | Stylometry | 0.795844 |
99,903 | If, from the 1980s onward, traditional computer vision algorithms were widely used to solve document processing problems, these have been gradually replaced by neural network technologies in the 2010s. However, traditional computer vision technologies are still used, sometimes in conjunction with neural networks, in so... | Outsourced document processing | 0.795844 |
99,904 | A morphogen spreads from a localized source and forms a concentration gradient across a developing tissue. In developmental biology, 'morphogen' is rigorously used to mean a signalling molecule that acts directly on cells (not through serial induction) to produce specific cellular responses that depend on morphogen con... | Morphogen | 0.795843 |
99,905 | In software engineering, double-checked locking (also known as "double-checked locking optimization") is a software design pattern used to reduce the overhead of acquiring a lock by testing the locking criterion (the "lock hint") before acquiring the lock. Locking occurs only if the locking criterion check indicates th... | Double checked locking pattern | 0.795843 |
99,906 | The F-14 was a more nimble fighter than the F-4 Phantom II and, unlike the F-111, its variable-sweep wings automatically adjusted over its speed range, and could be moved even during turns. Furthermore, the wings could be swept forward for tight "bat" turns in close quarters aerial combat, as well as rearwards for dash... | Swing wing | 0.795842 |
99,907 | Aged only 21 he remains one of the youngest Fellows ever.He then studied briefly at the University of Leipzig and the University of Berlin, where he met the algebraists Frobenius and Schur. A Carnegie Scholarship allowed him to spend the 1904–1905 academic year at the University of Chicago where he worked with Oswald V... | Joseph Wedderburn | 0.795842 |
99,908 | In quantum mechanics, a complete set of commuting observables (CSCO) is a set of commuting operators whose common eigenvectors can be used as a basis to express any quantum state. In the case of operators with discrete spectra, a CSCO is a set of commuting observables whose simultaneous eigenspaces span the Hilbert spa... | Complete set of commuting observables | 0.795842 |
99,909 | The anion was first synthesised by Webster in the 1960s and its conjugate acid much later on. More recently Wright has discovered its extensive coordination chemistry. By virtue of a combination of mesomeric and aromatic stabilization of its anion, pentacyanocyclopentadiene is a superacid, with an estimated aqueous pKa... | Pentacyanocyclopentadiene | 0.795842 |
99,910 | "On full embeddings of categories of algebras". Illinois Journal of Mathematics. 10 (3): 392–406. | Zdeněk Hedrlín | 0.795842 |
99,911 | He published six proofs for it, and two more were found in his posthumous papers. There are now over 240 published proofs. The shortest known proof is included below, together with short proofs of the law's supplements (the Legendre symbols of −1 and 2). Generalizing the reciprocity law to higher powers has been a lead... | Quadratic Reciprocity | 0.795842 |
99,912 | The anthropologist Barry Bogin writes that Thompson's book is a tour de force combining the classical approaches of natural philosophy and geometry with modern biology and mathematics to understand the growth, form, and evolution of plants and animals. Bogin observes that Thompson originated the use of transformational... | On Growth and Form | 0.795841 |
99,913 | The ACM-AAAI Allen Newell Award is presented to an individual selected for career contributions that have breadth within computer science, or that bridge computer science and other disciplines. This endowed award is accompanied by a prize of $10,000, and is supported by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial... | Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence | 0.795841 |
99,914 | In algebra, a prime ideal is a subset of a ring that shares many important properties of a prime number in the ring of integers. The prime ideals for the integers are the sets that contain all the multiples of a given prime number, together with the zero ideal. Primitive ideals are prime, and prime ideals are both prim... | Prime ideals | 0.795841 |
99,915 | Instilled with recognizing dangers at an early age, and who these threats come from, a set of beliefs are held by the members of the society on how to live in their country, city, or neighborhood. This broadening of the discipline (bordering on human ecology) is important because it identifies the environment as not ju... | Ethnoecology | 0.795841 |
99,916 | in mathematics from Princeton University in 1954. His doctoral dissertation was titled "Theory of neural-analog reinforcement systems and its application to the brain-model problem." He was a Junior Fellow of the Harvard Society of Fellows from 1954 to 1957.He was on the MIT faculty from 1958 to his death. He joined th... | Marvin Minsky | 0.795841 |
99,917 | Since the group GT has trivial center, the map into GL( g T {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}_{T}} ) is injective. Since KT is compact, its image in GL( g T {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}_{T}} ) is compact. Since the Lie algebra g T {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}_{T}} is compatible with that of ANT, the image of ANT is cl... | Structure group (Jordan algebra) | 0.795841 |
99,918 | There exists several different definitions of a homotopy Lie algebra, some particularly suited to certain situations more than others. The most traditional definition is via symmetric multi-linear maps, but there also exists a more succinct geometric definition using the language of formal geometry. Here the blanket as... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.795841 |
99,919 | Note that this is not the "article number" assigned by some journals. organization The conference sponsor pages Page numbers, separated either by commas or double-hyphens. publisher The publisher's name school The school where the thesis was written series The series of books the book was published in (e.g. "The Hardy ... | BibTeX | 0.795841 |
99,920 | These signal intensities are then algebraically combined into a percent fat. More recent techniques take into account experimental noise, signal decay and spectroscopic properties of fat. | Steatosis | 0.79584 |
99,921 | Other kinds of psychiatric medication gradually came into use, such as "psychic energizers" (later antidepressants) and lithium. Benzodiazepines gained widespread use in the 1970s for anxiety and depression, until dependency problems curtailed their popularity. Advances in neuroscience, genetics, and psychology led to ... | Mental illnesses | 0.79584 |
99,922 | He attended Cook Academy in Montour Falls, New York, and was the valedictorian upon his graduation in 1928. He earned a B.Sc. in Engineering Physics from Lehigh University (Phi Beta Kappa) in 1932 and a Ph.D. | William Cronk Elmore | 0.79584 |
99,923 | However, any flaw in these complex software systems can disable supposedly unrelated aircraft systems, and the complexity of a software-defined aircraft can lead to a software crisis with additional costs and delays. By the end of 2013, the biggest concern with the F-35 program was software, especially the software req... | Fifth-generation jet fighter | 0.79584 |
99,924 | In geometry, a circular triangle is a triangle with circular arc edges. | Circular triangle | 0.79584 |
99,925 | The sum is exactly equal to a definite integral: This identity was discovered by Johann Bernoulli in 1697, and is now known as one of the two Sophomore's dream identities.The Goldbach–Euler theorem states that the sum of the reciprocals of the numbers that are 1 less than a perfect power (excluding duplicates) is 1 . T... | Sum of reciprocals | 0.79584 |
99,926 | In 1968, a group of Soviet physicists and mathematicians with N. Konstantinov as its head created a mathematical model for the motion of a cat. On a BESM-4 computer they devised a programme for solving the ordinary differential equations for this model. The Computer printed hundreds of frames on paper using alphabet sy... | History of computer animation | 0.795839 |
99,927 | The first three have similar half-lives, between 200 thousand and 300 thousand years; the last four have longer half-lives, in the low millions of years. Technetium-99 produces the largest amount of LLFP radioactivity. It emits beta particles of low to medium energy but no gamma rays, so has little hazard on external e... | Long-lived fission products | 0.795839 |
99,928 | In the 1970s, institutional changes in CNPq allowed for a qualitative leap and the expansion of IMPA's activities. A permanent body of researchers was formally created. Until then, researchers were either kept through scholarships or had occupations in other institutions.New research areas were established: algebraic g... | Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada | 0.795839 |
99,929 | His work made possible the dynamic simulation of the activities of thousands of proteins working together at the macromolecular level. His research group developed and distributed software for computational structural biology, which Schulten used to make a number of significant discoveries. The molecular dynamics packa... | Klaus Schulten | 0.795839 |
99,930 | Introduction to Modern Cryptography, CRC Press. Presents modern cryptography at a level appropriate for undergraduates, graduate students, or practitioners. Assumes mathematical maturity but presents all the necessary mathematical and computer science background. | Books on cryptography | 0.795839 |
99,931 | Charles James (27 April 1880 – 10 December 1928) was a chemist of British origin working in the United States. He became a professor and head of the chemistry department at the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts (now the University of New Hampshire) in Durham, New Hampshire, US.James developed t... | Charles James (chemist) | 0.795839 |
99,932 | A namespace name may provide context (scope in computer science) to a name, and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. However, the context of a name may also be provided by other factors, such as the location where it occurs or the syntax of the name. | Name space | 0.795838 |
99,933 | Revered for his technological ingenuity, he conceptualized flying machines, a type of armored fighting vehicle, concentrated solar power, a ratio machine that could be used in an adding machine, and the double hull. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were even feasible during his lifetime, as the modern ... | Leonardo da Vinci | 0.795838 |
99,934 | Peter L. Hagelstein is an associate professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), affiliated with the Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE). Hagelstein received a B.S. and M.S. in 1976 and Ph.D. | Peter L. Hagelstein | 0.795838 |
99,935 | The front side of the ballot for "Linje 2" had almost identical wording to that of "Linje 1". However, on the reverse side, the following text was added:"Energy conservation shall be pursued vigorously and stimulated further. The weakest groups in society shall be protected. Measures shall be taken to control consumpti... | 1980 Swedish nuclear power referendum | 0.795838 |
99,936 | By Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves, the ratio ( p + 1 ) − N p 2 p = a p 2 p {\displaystyle {\frac {(p+1)-N_{p}}{2{\sqrt {p}}}}={\frac {a_{p}}{2{\sqrt {p}}}}} is between -1 and 1. Thus it can be expressed as cos θ for an angle θ; in geometric terms there are two eigenvalues accounting for the remainder and with the d... | Sato–Tate conjecture | 0.795838 |
99,937 | For stochastic problems, the random variables appear in the formulation of the optimization problem itself, which involves random objective functions or random constraints. Stochastic optimization methods also include methods with random iterates. Some stochastic optimization methods use random iterates to solve stocha... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.795838 |
99,938 | During the 1960s, the punched card was gradually replaced as the primary means for data storage by magnetic tape, as better, more capable computers became available. Mohawk Data Sciences introduced a magnetic tape encoder in 1965, a system marketed as a keypunch replacement which was somewhat successful, but punched ca... | Employee scheduling software | 0.795837 |
99,939 | The International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society (IBANGS) is a learned society that was founded in 1996. The goal of IBANGS is "promote and facilitate the growth of research in the field of neural behavioral genetics". | International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society | 0.795837 |
99,940 | GNS theory is an informal field of study developed by Ron Edwards which attempts to create a unified theory of how role-playing games work. Focused on player behavior, in GNS theory participants in role-playing games organize their interactions around three categories of engagement: Gamism, Narrativism and Simulation. ... | GNS Theory | 0.795837 |
99,941 | kilobase (kb) A unit of nucleic acid length equal to 1,000 bases in single-stranded molecules or 1,000 base pairs in duplex molecules such as double-stranded DNA. kinetochore A disc-shaped protein complex which assembles around the centromere of a chromosome during prometaphase of mitosis and meiosis, where it function... | Glossary of gene expression terms | 0.795837 |
99,942 | Scalar multiplication is represented in the same manners as algebraic multiplication. A scalar beside a vector (either or both of which may be in parentheses) implies scalar multiplication. The two common operators, a dot and a rotated cross, are also acceptable (although the rotated cross is almost never used), but th... | Vector notation | 0.795837 |
99,943 | Early research indicated that Paracoccus denitrificans especially resembled mitochondria. The bacteria encloses within itself the biochemistry of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. While these features are found randomly distributed in other species of aerobic bacteria, to date all of th... | Paracoccus denitrificans | 0.795837 |
99,944 | Yang Chen-Ning or Chen-Ning Yang (Chinese: 杨振宁; pinyin: Yáng Zhènníng; born 1 October 1922), also known as C. N. Yang or by the English name Frank Yang, is a Chinese theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to statistical mechanics, integrable systems, gauge theory, and both particle physics and condens... | Yang Chen-Ning | 0.795837 |
99,945 | SLOWPOKE – Safe Low-Power Kritical Experiment 5 kW Reactor (1970–1976); moved to the University of Toronto in 1971. TASCC – Tandem Accelerator Superconducting Cyclotron (1986–1996). MAPLE-1 – Multipurpose Applied Physics Lattice Experiment Reactor (2000–2008; cancelled). MAPLE-2 – Multipurpose Applied Physics Lattice E... | Chalk River Laboratories | 0.795836 |
99,946 | He remained at Hopkins for the remainder of his career, eventually becoming a full professor and later chair of the physics department. From 1943 to 1944 Pfund served as the president of the Optical Society of America. Within the hydrogen spectral series Pfund discovered the fifth series, where an electron jumps up fro... | August Herman Pfund | 0.795836 |
99,947 | In algebra, the Hochster–Roberts theorem, introduced by Melvin Hochster and Joel L. Roberts in 1974, states that rings of invariants of linearly reductive groups acting on regular rings are Cohen–Macaulay. In other words, if V is a rational representation of a linearly reductive group G over a field k, then there exist... | Hochster–Roberts theorem | 0.795836 |
99,948 | SSA was developed in the 1980s by several researchers at IBM and Kenneth Zadeck of Brown University. A 1986 paper introduced birthpoints, identity assignments, and variable renaming such that variables had a single static assignment. A subsequent 1987 paper proved that the renaming done in the previous paper removes al... | Static single assignment form | 0.795836 |
99,949 | In physics, a pregeometry is a hypothetical structure from which the geometry of the universe develops. Some cosmological models feature a pregeometric universe before the Big Bang. The term was championed by John Archibald Wheeler in the 1960s and 1970s as a possible route to a theory of quantum gravity. Since quantum... | Pregeometry (physics) | 0.795836 |
99,950 | In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a k-synchronized sequence is an infinite sequence of terms s(n) characterized by a finite automaton taking as input two strings m and n, each expressed in some fixed base k, and accepting if m = s(n). The class of k-synchronized sequences lies between the classes of k-au... | K-synchronized sequence | 0.795836 |
99,951 | Every perfect map is a quotient map. This follows from the fact that a closed, continuous surjective map is always a quotient map. Let G be a compact topological group which acts continuously on X. Then the quotient map from X to X/G is a perfect map. Perfect maps are proper. The converse is true, provided the topology... | Perfect map | 0.795836 |
99,952 | In geometric topology, a branch of mathematics, a Dehn twist is a certain type of self-homeomorphism of a surface (two-dimensional manifold). | Lickorish twist theorem | 0.795836 |
99,953 | In topology, the Tietze extension theorem (also known as the Tietze–Urysohn–Brouwer extension theorem or Urysohn-Brouwer lemma) states that continuous functions on a closed subset of a normal topological space can be extended to the entire space, preserving boundedness if necessary. | Tietze extension theorem | 0.795836 |
99,954 | Flumethrin is a complex mixture of stereoisomers. The molecule contains three asymmetric carbon atoms, there is cis-trans isomerism at the cyclopropane ring, and cis-trans isomerism at the carbon-carbon double bond of the alkene. So there are 16 different isomers. Commercial flumethrin typically contains 92% of the tra... | Flumethrin | 0.795836 |
99,955 | Each chapter of the book is divided into sections titled Veni, Vidi, Vici. The reviews of the book have been mixed. Publishers Weekly called it "wholly accessible, beautifully written", Kirkus Reviews wrote that it is a "crowd-pleasing kind of book designed to make the science as palatable as possible", and Frank Mahnk... | Five Equations That Changed the World | 0.795836 |
99,956 | The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis. Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, Desert (DHH), Indian (IHH), and Sonic (SHH), of which Sonic is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development and is therefore of interest in evoluti... | Hedgehog signaling pathway | 0.795835 |
99,957 | For three dimensional case Pogorelov proved the following theorem. Theorem. Any three-dimensional regular complete flat metric is a σ {\displaystyle \sigma } -metric. However, in the three-dimensional case σ {\displaystyle \sigma } -measures can take either positive or negative values. | Hilbert's fourth problem | 0.795835 |
99,958 | The above space is not homeomorphic to the same set of equivalence classes endowed with the obvious metric: i.e. regular Euclidean distance for two points in the same interval, and the sum of the distances to the left hand point for points not in the same interval -- yielding a strictly coarser topology than the above ... | Second countable space | 0.795835 |
99,959 | S. Sridhar and W. T. Lu, "Sinai Billiards, Ruelle Zeta-functions and Ruelle Resonances: Microwave Experiments", (2002) Journal of Statistical Physics, Vol. 108 Nos. 5/6, pp. | Dynamical billiards | 0.795835 |
99,960 | The term "Bayesian", which displaced "inverse probability", was introduced by Ronald Fisher in 1950. Inverse probability, variously interpreted, was the dominant approach to statistics until the development of frequentism in the early 20th century by Ronald Fisher, Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson. Following the developme... | Inverse probability | 0.795835 |
99,961 | He was head of the Graduate Department at Harvard from 1872 to 1895 (becoming its dean when it was converted to the Graduate School). He was the Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences from 1895 to 1898.Among his publications are Mathematical Tables Chiefly to Four Figures (1896) and A Text-Book of Analytic Geometry; ... | James Mills Peirce | 0.795835 |
99,962 | Environmental technology (envirotech) or green technology (greentech), also known as clean technology (cleantech), is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to cur... | Green tech | 0.795835 |
99,963 | The sequenced cDNAs were annotated in a semi-automatic manner that utilized available databases (such as species homology and known protein motifs) to assign genes within a Gene Ontology (GO) framework. However, many novel sequences did not have meaningful matches when BLAST against gene databases.After consulting Gerr... | FANTOM | 0.795834 |
99,964 | These probes include direct tests of quantum mechanics with the CPLEAR Collaboration and the derivation of Grand Unified Theories from string theory. In this vein, his work on tests of the constancy of the velocity of light and models of string cosmology received separate prizes from the Gravity Research Foundation. An... | John Ellis (physicist, born 1946) | 0.795834 |
99,965 | Once at Earth-Moon L2, Skylab II could be a "stepping stone" for further human exploration in the Solar System, for example by being a docking site for a crewed lunar lander before the trip to the Moon. The second use would be to add a servicing capability for the astrophysics missions located near Earth-Sun L2, extend... | Skylab II | 0.795834 |
99,966 | Inovio is collaborating with Beijing Advaccine Biotechnology Co., a Chinese biotech firm, in order to speed its acceptance by regulatory authorities in China, with plans to begin human clinical trials of a candidate vaccine in China during the first half of 2020. Inovio has partnerships with manufacturers to scale up p... | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | 0.795833 |
99,967 | The Advanced Light Source (ALS) in Berkeley, California, is home to XM-1 (http://www.cxro.lbl.gov/BL612/), a full field soft X-ray microscope operated by the Center for X-ray Optics and dedicated to various applications in modern nanoscience, such as nanomagnetic materials, environmental and materials sciences and biol... | Soft X-ray microscopy | 0.795833 |
99,968 | Other nonregular uniform polyhedra are listed with their vertex configuration. An additional figure, the pseudo great rhombicuboctahedron, is usually not included as a truly uniform star polytope, despite consisting of regular faces and having the same vertices. Note: For nonconvex forms below an additional descriptor ... | Nonconvex uniform polyhedron | 0.795833 |
99,969 | There are many formal derivation ("proof") systems for first-order logic. These include Hilbert-style deductive systems, natural deduction, the sequent calculus, the tableaux method and resolution. | Theory (mathematical logic) | 0.795833 |
99,970 | Groundwater provides critical freshwater supply, particularly in dry regions where surface water availability is limited. Globally, more than one-third of the water used originates from underground. In the mid-latitude arid and semi-arid regions lacking sufficient surface water supply from rivers and reservoirs, ground... | WASH | 0.795832 |
99,971 | Security then holds as long as these assumptions are satisfied. In classical cryptography, i.e., without the use of quantum tools, most of these are computational assumptions. Such assumptions consists of two parts. | Noisy-storage model | 0.795832 |
99,972 | The Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (MPI-BI) is a non-university research institution of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG). The institute is dedicated to basic research on topics in behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience. Research at the international instit... | Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence | 0.795832 |
99,973 | The necessity of additional terms in the product is demonstrated when one considers ∏ n ( z − c n ) {\textstyle \prod _{n}(z-c_{n})} where the sequence { c n } {\displaystyle \{c_{n}\}} is not finite. It can never define an entire function, because the infinite product does not converge. Thus one cannot, in general, de... | Weierstrass factorization theorem | 0.795832 |
99,974 | Thiel's research interests included the broad areas of theoretical chemistry, in particular quantum chemistry, and computational chemistry, with a focus on large molecules, spectroscopy, and catalysis. His group was involved in the development of new theoretical methods, in particular for the treatment of large molecul... | Walter Thiel (chemist) | 0.795831 |
99,975 | Then α is a Pisot number and λ is an algebraic number in the field Q ( α ) {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} (\alpha )} (Pisot's theorem).Suppose α is an algebraic number greater than 1 and λ is a non-zero real number such that ‖ λ α n ‖ → 0 , n → ∞ . {\displaystyle \|\lambda \alpha ^{n}\|\to 0,\quad n\to \infty .} Then α is ... | Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number | 0.795831 |
99,976 | In scientific computing, GotoBLAS and GotoBLAS2 are open source implementations of the BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) API with many hand-crafted optimizations for specific processor types. GotoBLAS was developed by Kazushige Goto at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. As of 2003, it was used in seven of the w... | GotoBLAS | 0.795831 |
99,977 | The computer was then able to analyze and use these patterns to create novel melodies. The computer was debuted on Steve Allen's I've Got a Secret program, and stumped the hosts until film star Harry Morgan guessed Ray's secret.Before 1989, artificial neural networks have been used to model certain aspects of creativit... | Media synthesis | 0.795831 |
99,978 | However, they are unsuitable for describing the topologies of bond forming and breaking taking place in a general pericyclic reaction. As described in detail below, in the general formulation of the Woodward–Hoffmann rules, the bond rotation terms conrotatory and disrotatory are subsumed by the bond topology (or facial... | Symmetry forbidden | 0.795831 |
99,979 | Automatic gain control was provided by using an 241Am radioactive source mounted in each detector's field of view. The HEXTE's basic properties were: Energy range: 15–250-keV Energy resolution: 15% at 60-keV Time sampling: 8 microseconds Field of view: 1° FWHM Detectors: 2 clusters of 4 NaI/CsI scintillation counters C... | Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer | 0.795831 |
99,980 | The hydrogen bond can be compared with the closely related dihydrogen bond, which is also an intermolecular bonding interaction involving hydrogen atoms. These structures have been known for some time, and well characterized by crystallography; however, an understanding of their relationship to the conventional hydroge... | Hydrogen bond | 0.79583 |
99,981 | Reaction–diffusion systems are mathematical models which correspond to several physical phenomena. The most common is the change in space and time of the concentration of one or more chemical substances: local chemical reactions in which the substances are transformed into each other, and diffusion which causes the sub... | Reaction diffusion | 0.79583 |
99,982 | In January 1896, on reading of Röntgen's discovery, Frank Austin of Dartmouth College tested all of the discharge tubes in the physics laboratory and found that only the Pulyui tube produced X-rays. This was a result of Pulyui's inclusion of an oblique "target" of mica, used for holding samples of fluorescent material,... | X-ray image | 0.79583 |
99,983 | There are several generalizations of Sperner's theorem for subsets of P ( E ) , {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}(E),} the poset of all subsets of E. | Sperner's theorem | 0.79583 |
99,984 | Several infinite series are described, including series for sine (which Nilakantha attributes to Madhava of Sangamagrama), cosine, and arctangent which are now sometimes referred to as Madhava series. The series for arctangent is sometimes called Gregory's series or the Gregory–Leibniz series. Madhava used infinite ser... | Archimedes' constant | 0.795829 |
99,985 | Indeed, observing the barometer falling increases the probability of a storm coming, but does not "cause" the storm; were the act of manipulating the barometer to change the probability of storms, the falling barometer would qualify as a cause of storms. In general, formulating the notion of "probability raising" withi... | Probabilistic causation | 0.795829 |
99,986 | Lin received her BS in chemistry from National Taiwan University in 2004. Lin received her PhD in chemistry in 2009 from University of Wisconsin, Madison, under the guidance of James L. Skinner. She then moved to Stanford, where she was a Bio-X postdoctoral fellow in the lab of Vijay S. Pande. In 2012, Lin joined the D... | Yu-Shan Lin | 0.795829 |
99,987 | Dinwoodie holds a BS in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Cornell University, an MS from the department of mechanical engineering from MIT, and an MArch in architecture from the University of California at Berkeley. | Tom Dinwoodie | 0.795829 |
99,988 | In mathematics, the Fictitious domain method is a method to find the solution of a partial differential equations on a complicated domain D {\displaystyle D} , by substituting a given problem posed on a domain D {\displaystyle D} , with a new problem posed on a simple domain Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } containing D {\dis... | Fictitious domain method | 0.795828 |
99,989 | Before standardization on specific gravity around the time of World War II the Baumé scale was generally used in industrial chemistry and pharmacology for the measurement of density of liquids. Today the Baumé scale is still used in various industries such as sugar beet processing, ophthalmics, starch industry, winemak... | Baumé scale | 0.795828 |
99,990 | Synchronization software that only keeps a list of files and the changed files eliminates this problem (e.g. the "snapshot" feature in Beyond Compare or the "package" feature in Synchronize It!). It is especially useful for mobile workers, or others that work on multiple computers. It is possible to synchronize multipl... | File synchronization | 0.795828 |
99,991 | : 44 From the 1920s until the late 1930s, Russian physicists had been conducting joint research with their European counterparts on the advancement of atomic physics at the Cavendish Laboratory run by a New Zealand physicist, Ernest Rutherford, where Georgi Gamov and Pyotr Kapitsa had studied and researched. : 36 Influ... | Soviet atomic bomb project | 0.795828 |
99,992 | Tseng studied Mathematics at Bachelor of Science (1997) and Master of Science (1999) level, both at the National Taiwan University. He gained his ScD in Biostatistics from Harvard University in 2003, under the supervision of Wing Hung Wong. | George Tseng | 0.795827 |
99,993 | Harrison was educated at University College London and the University of Birmingham, graduating with a BSc in Physics in 1986 and a PhD in Theoretical Physics in 1989. He performed the research that led to his PhD within the Theory and Computational Science department at Daresbury Laboratory. | Nicholas Harrison (physicist) | 0.795827 |
99,994 | Daniel Segal (born 1947) is a British mathematician and a Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oxford. He specialises in algebra and group theory. He studied at Peterhouse, Cambridge, before taking a PhD at Queen Mary College, University of London, in 1972, supervised by Bertram Wehrfritz, with a dissertation ... | Dan Segal | 0.795827 |
99,995 | Some publishers reported that AMP pages generate less advertising revenue per page than non-AMP pages. The Wall Street Journal's Jack Marshall said: AMP pages rely heavily on standardized banner ad units, and don't allow publishers to sell highly-customized ad units, sponsorships or pop-up ads as they might on their ow... | Accelerated Mobile Pages | 0.795826 |
99,996 | In category theory, anamorphisms are the categorical dual of catamorphisms (and catamorphisms are the categorical dual of anamorphisms). That means the following. Suppose (A, fin) is a final F-coalgebra for some endofunctor F of some category into itself. Thus, fin is a morphism from A to FA, and since it is assumed to... | Anamorphism | 0.795826 |
99,997 | The Korea Invisible Mass Search (KIMS), is a South Korean experiment, led by Sun Kee Kim, searching for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), one of the candidates for dark matter. The experiments use CsI(Tl) crystals at Yangyang Underground Laboratory (Y2L), in tunnels from a preexisting underground power plan... | Korea Invisible Mass Search | 0.795826 |
99,998 | In the mathematical field of geometric topology, the Poincaré conjecture (UK: , US: , French: ) is a theorem about the characterization of the 3-sphere, which is the hypersphere that bounds the unit ball in four-dimensional space. Originally conjectured by Henri Poincaré in 1904, the theorem concerns spaces that locall... | Poincare conjecture | 0.795826 |
99,999 | Richard Peirce Brent is an Australian mathematician and computer scientist. He is an emeritus professor at the Australian National University. From March 2005 to March 2010 he was a Federation Fellow at the Australian National University. His research interests include number theory (in particular factorisation), rando... | Richard P. Brent | 0.795826 |
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