id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 21 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 124 | similarity float32 0.78 0.88 |
|---|---|---|---|
2,900 | Whole genome bisulfite sequencing has also been applied to developmental biology studies in which non-CG methylation was discovered prevalent in pluripotent stem cells and oocytes. This technique helped researchers discover that non-CG methylation accumulated during oocyte growth and covered over half of all methylatio... | Whole genome bisulfite sequencing | 0.83249 |
2,901 | In order to amplify the epigenome library, bisulfite-treated DNA is primed to generate DNA with a specific tagging sequence. The 3' end of this sequence is then tagged again, creating DNA fragments with markers on either end. These fragments are amplified in a final polymerase chain reaction reaction, after which the l... | Whole genome bisulfite sequencing | 0.83249 |
2,902 | Consequently, large-scale studies for genomic-wide methylation profiling remain less cost-effective, often requiring multiple re-sequences of the entire genome multiple times for every experiment. Current studies are being conducted to reduce the conventional minimum coverage requirements while maintaining mapping accu... | Whole genome bisulfite sequencing | 0.83249 |
2,903 | The following steps are derived from one potential workflow of conventional whole genome bisulfite sequencing: target DNA extraction, bisulfite conversion, library amplification, and bioinformatics analysis. However, various sequencing systems and analysis tools often adapt the technical parameters and order of the fol... | Whole genome bisulfite sequencing | 0.83249 |
2,904 | Additionally, there are biological limitations concerning various steps in the standard protocol, particularly in the library preparation method. One of the biggest concerns is the potential of bias in the base composition of sequences and over-representation of methylated DNA data following bioinformatics analyses. Bi... | Whole genome bisulfite sequencing | 0.83249 |
2,905 | In her review of the first edition, Mary Ellen Rudin wrote: In other mathematical fields one restricts one's problem by requiring that the space be Hausdorff or paracompact or metric, and usually one doesn't really care which, so long as the restriction is strong enough to avoid this dense forest of counterexamples. A ... | Counterexamples in Topology | 0.832481 |
2,906 | For instance, an example of a first-countable space which is not second-countable is counterexample #3, the discrete topology on an uncountable set. This particular counterexample shows that second-countability does not follow from first-countability. Several other "Counterexamples in ..." books and papers have followe... | Counterexamples in Topology | 0.832481 |
2,907 | One of the easiest ways of doing this is to find a counterexample which exhibits one property but not the other. In Counterexamples in Topology, Steen and Seebach, together with five students in an undergraduate research project at St. Olaf College, Minnesota in the summer of 1967, canvassed the field of topology for s... | Counterexamples in Topology | 0.832481 |
2,908 | Counterexamples in Topology (1970, 2nd ed. 1978) is a book on mathematics by topologists Lynn Steen and J. Arthur Seebach, Jr. In the process of working on problems like the metrization problem, topologists (including Steen and Seebach) have defined a wide variety of topological properties. It is often useful in the st... | Counterexamples in Topology | 0.832481 |
2,909 | Several of the naming conventions in this book differ from more accepted modern conventions, particularly with respect to the separation axioms. The authors use the terms T3, T4, and T5 to refer to regular, normal, and completely normal. They also refer to completely Hausdorff as Urysohn. This was a result of the diffe... | Counterexamples in Topology | 0.832481 |
2,910 | In machine learning, this is typically done by cross-validation. In statistics, some criteria are optimized. This leads to the inherent problem of nesting. More robust methods have been explored, such as branch and bound and piecewise linear network. | Variable selection | 0.832479 |
2,911 | Let xi be the set membership indicator function for feature fi; then the above can be rewritten as an optimization problem: C F S = max x ∈ { 0 , 1 } n . {\displaystyle \mathrm {CFS} =\max _{x\in \{0,1\}^{n}}\left.} The combinatorial problems above are, in fact, mixed 0–1 linear programming problems that can be solved... | Variable selection | 0.832479 |
2,912 | Different flooding algorithms can be applied for different problems, and run with different time complexities. For example, the flood fill algorithm is a simple but relatively robust algorithm that works for intricate geometries and can determine which part of the (target) area that is connected to a given (source) nod... | Flooding algorithm | 0.832457 |
2,913 | A flooding algorithm is an algorithm for distributing material to every part of a graph. The name derives from the concept of inundation by a flood. Flooding algorithms are used in computer networking and graphics. Flooding algorithms are also useful for solving many mathematical problems, including maze problems and m... | Flooding algorithm | 0.832457 |
2,914 | The concept of NP-completeness was introduced in 1971 (see Cook–Levin theorem), though the term NP-complete was introduced later. At the 1971 STOC conference, there was a fierce debate between the computer scientists about whether NP-complete problems could be solved in polynomial time on a deterministic Turing machine... | NP completeness | 0.832448 |
2,915 | Nobody has yet been able to determine conclusively whether NP-complete problems are in fact solvable in polynomial time, making this one of the great unsolved problems of mathematics. The Clay Mathematics Institute is offering a US$1 million reward to anyone who has a formal proof that P=NP or that P≠NP.The existence o... | NP completeness | 0.832448 |
2,916 | A partially ordered group G is called integrally closed if for all elements a and b of G, if an ≤ b for all natural n then a ≤ 1.This property is somewhat stronger than the fact that a partially ordered group is Archimedean, though for a lattice-ordered group to be integrally closed and to be Archimedean is equivalent.... | Ordered group | 0.832444 |
2,917 | EXPTIME can also be reformulated as the space class APSPACE, the set of all problems that can be solved by an alternating Turing machine in polynomial space. EXPTIME relates to the other basic time and space complexity classes in the following way: P ⊆ NP ⊆ PSPACE ⊆ EXPTIME ⊆ NEXPTIME ⊆ EXPSPACE. Furthemore, by the tim... | Exponential running time | 0.832437 |
2,918 | A decision problem is EXPTIME-complete if it is in EXPTIME and every problem in EXPTIME has a polynomial-time many-one reduction to it. In other words, there is a polynomial-time algorithm that transforms instances of one to instances of the other with the same answer. Problems that are EXPTIME-complete might be though... | Exponential running time | 0.832437 |
2,919 | It is known that and also, by the time hierarchy theorem and the space hierarchy theorem, that In the above expressions, the symbol ⊆ means "is a subset of", and the symbol ⊊ means "is a strict subset of". so at least one of the first three inclusions and at least one of the last three inclusions must be proper, but it... | Exponential running time | 0.832437 |
2,920 | A circle is a simple shape of two-dimensional geometry that is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the center.The distance between any of the points and the center is called the radius. It can also be defined as the locus of a point equidistant from a fixed point. A perimet... | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,921 | Two-dimensional geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, and relative position of two-dimensional figures. Basic topics in elementary mathematics include polygons, circles, perimeter and area. A polygon is a shape that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in... | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,922 | The slope of a line is a number that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line. Slope is often denoted by the letter m.Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships involving lengths and angles of triangles. The field emerged during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry ... | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,923 | Elementary mathematics, also known as primary or secondary school school mathematics, is the study of mathematics topics that are commonly taught at the primary or secondary school levels around the world. It includes a wide range of mathematical concepts and skills, including number sense, algebra, geometry, measureme... | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,924 | Compass-and-straightedge, also known as ruler-and-compass construction, is the construction of lengths, angles, and other geometric figures using only an idealized ruler and compass. The idealized ruler, known as a straightedge, is assumed to be infinite in length, and has no markings on it and only one edge. The compa... | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,925 | Geometrically, one studies the Euclidean plane (2 dimensions) and Euclidean space (3 dimensions). As taught in school books, analytic geometry can be explained more simply: it is concerned with defining and representing geometrical shapes in a numerical way and extracting numerical information from shapes' numerical de... | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,926 | A formula is an entity constructed using the symbols and formation rules of a given logical language. For example, determining the volume of a sphere requires a significant amount of integral calculus or its geometrical analogue, the method of exhaustion; but, having done this once in terms of some parameter (the radiu... | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,927 | Solid geometry was the traditional name for the geometry of three-dimensional Euclidean space. Stereometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solid figures (three-dimensional figures) including pyramids, cylinders, cones, truncated cones, spheres, and prisms. | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,928 | Analytic geometry is the study of geometry using a coordinate system. This contrasts with synthetic geometry. Usually the Cartesian coordinate system is applied to manipulate equations for planes, straight lines, and squares, often in two and sometimes in three dimensions. | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,929 | Number Sense is an understanding of numbers and operations. In the 'Number Sense and Numeration' strand students develop an understanding of numbers by being taught various ways of representing numbers, as well as the relationships among numbers.Properties of the natural numbers such as divisibility and the distributio... | Elementary mathematics | 0.832428 |
2,930 | Euclid used a restricted version of the fundamental theorem and some careful argument to prove the theorem. His proof is in Euclid's Elements Book X Proposition 9.The fundamental theorem of arithmetic is not actually required to prove the result, however. There are self-contained proofs by Richard Dedekind, among other... | Quadratic irrational numbers | 0.832427 |
2,931 | Many proofs of the irrationality of the square roots of non-square natural numbers implicitly assume the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, which was first proven by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. This asserts that every integer has a unique factorization into primes. For any rational non-inte... | Quadratic irrational numbers | 0.832427 |
2,932 | Theodorus of Cyrene proved the irrationality of the square roots of non-square natural numbers up to 17, but stopped there, probably because the algebra he used could not be applied to the square root of numbers greater than 17. Euclid's Elements Book 10 is dedicated to classification of irrational magnitudes. The orig... | Quadratic irrational numbers | 0.832427 |
2,933 | The property of being conjugacy-closed is transitive, that is, every conjugacy-closed subgroup of a conjugacy-closed subgroup is conjugacy-closed.The property of being conjugacy-closed is sometimes also termed as being conjugacy stable. It is a known result that for finite field extensions, the general linear group of ... | Conjugacy-closed subgroup | 0.832413 |
2,934 | In mathematics, the connective constant is a numerical quantity associated with self-avoiding walks on a lattice. It is studied in connection with the notion of universality in two-dimensional statistical physics models. While the connective constant depends on the choice of lattice so itself is not universal (similarl... | Connective constant | 0.832411 |
2,935 | It has not been shown to be curl-free, but this would solve several open problems (see conjectures). The proof of this lemma is a clever computation that relies heavily on the geometry of the hexagonal lattice. | Connective constant | 0.83241 |
2,936 | An extension of the notion of integrability is also applicable to discrete systems such as lattices. This definition can be adapted to describe evolution equations that either are systems of differential equations or finite difference equations. The distinction between integrable and nonintegrable dynamical systems has... | Exactly solved model | 0.832408 |
2,937 | In general, epistasis is used to denote the departure from 'independence' of the effects of different genetic loci. Confusion often arises due to the varied interpretation of 'independence' among different branches of biology. The classifications below attempt to cover the various terms and how they relate to one anoth... | Genetic interactions | 0.832408 |
2,938 | Terminology about epistasis can vary between scientific fields. Geneticists often refer to wild type and mutant alleles where the mutation is implicitly deleterious and may talk in terms of genetic enhancement, synthetic lethality and genetic suppressors. Conversely, a biochemist may more frequently focus on beneficial... | Genetic interactions | 0.832408 |
2,939 | This problem arises frequently in practice. In computational geometry, polynomials are used to compute function approximations using Taylor polynomials. In cryptography and hash tables, polynomials are used to compute k-independent hashing. In the former case, polynomials are evaluated using floating-point arithmetic, ... | Polynomial evaluation | 0.832386 |
2,940 | Because of how m 0 {\displaystyle m_{0}} and m 1 {\displaystyle m_{1}} were defined, we have R 0 ( x i ) = P ( x i ) for i ≤ n / 2 and R 1 ( x i ) = P ( x i ) for i > n / 2. {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}R_{0}(x_{i})&=P(x_{i})\quad {\text{for }}i\leq n/2\quad {\text{and}}\\R_{1}(x_{i})&=P(x_{i})\quad {\text{for }}i>n/... | Polynomial evaluation | 0.832386 |
2,941 | The idea is to define two polynomials that are zero in respectively the first and second half of the points: m 0 ( x ) = ( x − x 1 ) ⋯ ( x − x n / 2 ) {\displaystyle m_{0}(x)=(x-x_{1})\cdots (x-x_{n/2})} and m 1 ( x ) = ( x − x n / 2 + 1 ) ⋯ ( x − x n ) {\displaystyle m_{1}(x)=(x-x_{n/2+1})\cdots (x-x_{n})} . We then c... | Polynomial evaluation | 0.832386 |
2,942 | That means we can compute and store f {\displaystyle f} on all the possible values in T = ( log log q ) m {\displaystyle T=(\log \log q)^{m}} time and space. If we take d = log q {\displaystyle d=\log q} , we get m = log n log log q {\displaystyle m={\tfrac {\log n}{\log \log q}}} , so the time/space requir... | Polynomial evaluation | 0.832386 |
2,943 | Using the Chinese remainder theorem, it suffices to evaluate f {\displaystyle f} modulo different primes p 1 , … , p ℓ {\displaystyle p_{1},\dots ,p_{\ell }} with a product at least M {\displaystyle M} . Each prime can be taken to be roughly log M = O ( d m log q ) {\displaystyle \log M=O(dm\log q)} , and the numbe... | Polynomial evaluation | 0.832386 |
2,944 | In mathematics and computer science, polynomial evaluation refers to computation of the value of a polynomial when its indeterminates are substituted for some values. In other words, evaluating the polynomial P ( x 1 , x 2 ) = 2 x 1 x 2 + x 1 3 + 4 {\displaystyle P(x_{1},x_{2})=2x_{1}x_{2}+x_{1}^{3}+4} at x 1 = 2 , x 2... | Polynomial evaluation | 0.832386 |
2,945 | An electrostatic vaneless ion wind generator, the EWICON, has been developed by The School of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). Its stands near Mecanoo, an architecture firm. The main developers were Johan Smit and Dhiradj Djairam. | Electrostatic generator | 0.832386 |
2,946 | This type of Van de Graaff particle accelerator is still used in medicine and research. Other variations were also invented for physics research, such as the Pelletron, that uses a chain with alternating insulating and conducting links for charge transport. Small Van de Graaff generators are commonly used in science mu... | Electrostatic generator | 0.832386 |
2,947 | There are two principle classes of analogy in use. The impedance analogy (also called the Maxwell analogy) preserves the analogy between mechanical, acoustical and electrical impedance but does not preserve the topology of networks. The mechanical network is arranged differently to its analogous electrical network. The... | Mechanical-electrical analogy | 0.832381 |
2,948 | As electrical phenomena became better understood the reverse of this analogy, using electrical analogies to explain mechanical systems, started to become more common. Indeed, the lumped element abstract topology of electrical analysis has much to offer problems in the mechanical domain, and other energy domains for tha... | Mechanical-electrical analogy | 0.832381 |
2,949 | The so-called double-well potential is one of a number of quartic potentials of considerable interest in quantum mechanics, in quantum field theory and elsewhere for the exploration of various physical phenomena or mathematical properties since it permits in many cases explicit calculation without over-simplification. ... | Double-well potential | 0.832365 |
2,950 | The above results for the double-well and the inverted double-well can also be obtained by the path integral method (there via periodic instantons, cf. instantons), and the WKB method, though with the use of elliptic integrals and the Stirling approximation of the gamma function, all of which make the calculation more ... | Double-well potential | 0.832365 |
2,951 | The classic applications of elliptic coordinates are in solving partial differential equations, e.g., Laplace's equation or the Helmholtz equation, for which elliptic coordinates are a natural description of a system thus allowing a separation of variables in the partial differential equations. Some traditional example... | Elliptic coordinates | 0.832298 |
2,952 | The first ten volunteers were referred to as the "PGP-10". These volunteers were: Misha Angrist, Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Keith Batchelder, Genomic Healthcare Strategies, Esther Dyson, EDventure Holdings, Rosalynn Gill-Garrison, Sciona, John Halamka, Harvard Medical School, Stan Lapidus, Helicos Bi... | Personal Genome Project | 0.832274 |
2,953 | On March 9, 2017, producers of the popular online brain-training program Lumosity announced they would collaborate with Harvard researchers to investigate the relationship between genetics and memory, attention, and reaction speed.Scientists at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and the Harvard Me... | Personal Genome Project | 0.832274 |
2,954 | These ideas had occurred to me earlier in 1955 when I coined the term "signalizing function", which is nowadays commonly known as "complexity measure". In 1967, Manuel Blum formulated a set of axioms (now known as Blum axioms) specifying desirable properties of complexity measures on the set of computable functions and... | Complexity theory (computation) | 0.832256 |
2,955 | An early example of algorithm complexity analysis is the running time analysis of the Euclidean algorithm done by Gabriel Lamé in 1844. Before the actual research explicitly devoted to the complexity of algorithmic problems started off, numerous foundations were laid out by various researchers. Most influential among t... | Complexity theory (computation) | 0.832256 |
2,956 | A complexity class is a set of problems of related complexity. Simpler complexity classes are defined by the following factors: The type of computational problem: The most commonly used problems are decision problems. However, complexity classes can be defined based on function problems, counting problems, optimization... | Complexity theory (computation) | 0.832256 |
2,957 | The P versus NP problem, one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems, is dedicated to the field of computational complexity.Closely related fields in theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory. A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory is t... | Complexity theory (computation) | 0.832256 |
2,958 | In theoretical computer science and mathematics, computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource usage, and relating these classes to each other. A computational problem is a task solved by a computer. A computation problem is solvable by mechanical application ... | Complexity theory (computation) | 0.832256 |
2,959 | Thus there are pairs of complexity classes such that one is properly included in the other. Having deduced such proper set inclusions, we can proceed to make quantitative statements about how much more additional time or space is needed in order to increase the number of problems that can be solved. More precisely, the... | Complexity theory (computation) | 0.832256 |
2,960 | For the complexity classes defined in this way, it is desirable to prove that relaxing the requirements on (say) computation time indeed defines a bigger set of problems. In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict. For time and space requiremen... | Complexity theory (computation) | 0.832256 |
2,961 | Continuous complexity theory can refer to complexity theory of problems that involve continuous functions that are approximated by discretizations, as studied in numerical analysis. One approach to complexity theory of numerical analysis is information based complexity. Continuous complexity theory can also refer to co... | Complexity theory (computation) | 0.832256 |
2,962 | Negatively curved groups (hyperbolic or CAT(0) groups) are always of type F∞. Such a group is of type F if and only if it is torsion-free. As an example, cocompact S-arithmetic groups in algebraic groups over number fields are of type F∞. The Borel–Serre compactification shows that this is also the case for non-cocompa... | Finiteness properties of groups | 0.832241 |
2,963 | In mathematics, finiteness properties of a group are a collection of properties that allow the use of various algebraic and topological tools, for example group cohomology, to study the group. It is mostly of interest for the study of infinite groups. Special cases of groups with finiteness properties are finitely gene... | Finiteness properties of groups | 0.832241 |
2,964 | Newtonian physics treats matter as being neither created nor destroyed, though it may be rearranged. It can be the case that an object of interest gains or loses mass because matter is added to or removed from it. In such a situation, Newton's laws can be applied to the individual pieces of matter, keeping track of whi... | Newtonian Mechanics | 0.832224 |
2,965 | Goddard's Heliophysics Science Division consists of four separate laboratories. | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,966 | The unique instrument capabilities, coupled with state of the art 3-D modeling, will fill a large gap in our knowledge of this dynamic region of the solar atmosphere. The mission will extend the scientific output of existing heliophysics spacecraft that follow the effects of energy release processes from the sun to Ear... | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,967 | The Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) is a project of the Heliospheric Science Division (HSD) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. SPDF consists of web-based services for survey and high resolution data and trajectories. The Facility supports data from most NASA Heliophysics missions to promote correlative and colla... | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,968 | The Solar Physics Laboratory works to understand the Sun as a star and as the primary driver of activity throughout the solar system. Their research expands knowledge of the Earth-Sun system and helps to enable robotic and human exploration. | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,969 | The Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, or RHESSI, combines high-resolution imaging in hard X-rays and gamma rays with high-resolution spectroscopy to explore the basic physics of particle acceleration and energy release in solar flares. Such information improves our understanding of the fundamental p... | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,970 | The Geospace Physics Laboratory focuses on processes occurring in the magnetospheres of magnetized planets and on the interaction of the solar wind with planetary magnetospheres. Researchers also study processes, such as magnetofluid turbulence, that permeate the heliosphere from the solar atmosphere to the edge of the... | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,971 | This division of Goddard Space Flight Center has interests in various projects and missions. In addition to performing research based on NASA solar observatories in space, the division manages many heliophysics missions on behalf of the Science Mission Directorate at NASA headquarters. These include: | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,972 | The Voyager missions (Voyager 1 and Voyager 2) are a part of NASA's Heliophysics System Observatory, sponsored by the Heliophysics Division of the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. The Voyager spacecraft were built and continue to be operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in Pasaden... | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,973 | The Heliospheric Physics Laboratory develops instruments and models to investigate the origin and evolution of the solar wind, low-energy cosmic rays, and the interaction of the Sun's heliosphere with the local interstellar medium. The Laboratory designs and implements unique multi-mission and multidisciplinary data se... | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,974 | The Heliophysics Science Division of the Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA) conducts research on the Sun, its extended Solar System environment (the heliosphere), and interactions of Earth, other planets, small bodies, and interstellar gas with the heliosphere. Division research also encompasses geospace—Earth's upperm... | Heliophysics Science Division | 0.832212 |
2,975 | Sleep has been described using Tinbergen's four questions as a framework (Bode & Kuula, 2021): Function: Energy restoration, metabolic regulation, thermoregulation, boosting immune system, detoxification, brain maturation, circuit reorganization, synaptic optimization, avoiding danger. Phylogeny: Sleep exists in invert... | Tinbergen's four questions | 0.832202 |
2,976 | When asked about the purpose of sight in humans and animals, even elementary-school children can answer that animals have vision to help them find food and avoid danger (function/adaptation). Biologists have three additional explanations: sight is caused by a particular series of evolutionary steps (phylogeny), the mec... | Tinbergen's four questions | 0.832202 |
2,977 | The Four Areas of Biology pdf The Four Areas and Levels of Inquiry pdf Tinbergen's four questions within the "Fundamental Theory of Human Sciences" ppt Tinbergen's Four Questions, organized pdf | Tinbergen's four questions | 0.832202 |
2,978 | In such cases, genes determine the timing of the environmental impact. A related concept is labeled "biased learning" (Alcock 2001:101–103) and "prepared learning" (Wilson, 1998:86–87). For instance, after eating food that subsequently made them sick, rats are predisposed to associate that food with smell, not sound (A... | Tinbergen's four questions | 0.832202 |
2,979 | The tabulated schema is used as the central organizing device in many animal behaviour, ethology, behavioural ecology and evolutionary psychology textbooks (e.g., Alcock, 2001) . One advantage of this organizational system, what might be called the "periodic table of life sciences," is that it highlights gaps in knowle... | Tinbergen's four questions | 0.832202 |
2,980 | Galileo was the first to demonstrate and then formulate these equations. He used a ramp to study rolling balls, the ramp slowing the acceleration enough to measure the time taken for the ball to roll a known distance. He measured elapsed time with a water clock, using an "extremely accurate balance" to measure the amou... | Equations for a falling body | 0.832196 |
2,981 | Terminal velocity depends on atmospheric drag, the coefficient of drag for the object, the (instantaneous) velocity of the object, and the area presented to the airflow. Apart from the last formula, these formulas also assume that g negligibly varies with height during the fall (that is, they assume constant accelerati... | Equations for a falling body | 0.832195 |
2,982 | Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools, often in plant breeding and animal breeding. In the broad sense, molecular breeding can be defined as the use of genetic manipulation performed at the level of DNA to improve traits of interest in plants and animals, and it may also include genetic engin... | Molecular breeding | 0.832182 |
2,983 | In physics, field strength is the magnitude of a vector-valued field (e.g., in volts per meter, V/m, for an electric field E). For example, an electromagnetic field has both electric field strength and magnetic field strength. As an application, in radio frequency telecommunications, the signal strength excites a recei... | Field intensity | 0.832171 |
2,984 | Hugh's treatment somewhat elevates the mechanical arts as ordained to the improvement of humanity, a promotion which was to represent a growing trend among late medievals.The classification of the artes mechanicae as applied geometry was introduced to Western Europe by Dominicus Gundissalinus (12th century) under the i... | Mechanical arts | 0.832167 |
2,985 | Combined the results from the use of the microscopic and PCR methods, it has been stated that the molecular biology methods can be executed as a supplementary method for PAP detection.For undercooked raw beef, in order to make sure a safe beef supply, sensitive and quick detection techniques for E. coli O157:H7 are imp... | Protein detection | 0.832163 |
2,986 | During the last 30 years, broad methods and techniques were experimented to discover soybean protein. These methods and techniques can be conveyed to lab environment easily. The original and traditional methods were designed and tested in molecular biology spectrum. Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique containin... | Protein detection | 0.832163 |
2,987 | Protein detection in cells from the human rectal mucous membrane can imply colorectal disease such as colon tumours, inflammatory bowel disease. Protein detection based on antibody microarrays can implicate life signature for example organics and biochemical compounds in the solar system in astrobiology field. Protein ... | Protein detection | 0.832163 |
2,988 | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to machine learning. Machine learning is a subfield of soft computing within computer science that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence. In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined machine lear... | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,989 | History of machine learning Timeline of machine learning | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,990 | Artificial neural network Feedforward neural network Extreme learning machine Convolutional neural network Recurrent neural network Long short-term memory (LSTM) Logic learning machine Self-organizing map | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,991 | Apache Singa Apache MXNet Caffe PyTorch mlpack TensorFlow Torch CNTK Accord.Net Jax MLJ.jl – A machine learning framework for Julia | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,992 | Anomaly detection Association rules Bias-variance dilemma Classification Multi-label classification Clustering Data Pre-processing Empirical risk minimization Feature engineering Feature learning Learning to rank Occam learning Online machine learning PAC learning Regression Reinforcement Learning Semi-supervised learn... | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,993 | An academic discipline A branch of science An applied science A subfield of computer science A branch of artificial intelligence A subfield of soft computing Application of statistics | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,994 | Supervised learning Averaged one-dependence estimators (AODE) Artificial neural network Case-based reasoning Gaussian process regression Gene expression programming Group method of data handling (GMDH) Inductive logic programming Instance-based learning Lazy learning Learning Automata Learning Vector Quantization Logis... | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,995 | Machine learning projects DeepMind Google Brain OpenAI Meta AI | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,996 | Adversarial machine learning Predictive analytics Quantum machine learning Robot learning Developmental robotics | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,997 | List of artificial intelligence projects List of datasets for machine learning research | Outline of machine learning | 0.832156 |
2,998 | In 2010, researchers from the Plant Stem Cell Institute (formerly Unhwa Institute of Science and Technology) presented their data to the world via Nature Biotechnology. Their research demonstrated the world's first cambial meristematic cell isolation. Due to the valuable and beneficial compounds for human health (i.e. ... | Plant stem cell | 0.832143 |
2,999 | Central subjects in probability theory include discrete and continuous random variables, probability distributions, and stochastic processes (which provide mathematical abstractions of non-deterministic or uncertain processes or measured quantities that may either be single occurrences or evolve over time in a random f... | Theory of probabilities | 0.832141 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.