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79,300 | It may be, however, that the ends of superchrons have caused vigorous convection leading to widespread volcanism, and that the subsequent airborne ash caused extinctions.Tests of correlations between extinctions and reversals are difficult for a number of reasons. Larger animals are too scarce in the fossil record for ... | Geomagnetic reversal | 0.785439 |
79,301 | This condition guarantees the existence and uniqueness of a so-called maximal solution. Suppose α {\displaystyle \alpha } is continuous and satisfies the above local Lipschitz condition and let F: Ω → U {\displaystyle F:\Omega \to U} be some initial condition, meaning it is a measurable function with respect to the ini... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,302 | When the coefficients depends only on present and past values of X, the defining equation is called a stochastic delay differential equation. A generalization of stochastic differential equations with the Fisk-Stratonovich integral to semimartingales with jumps are the SDEs of Marcus type. The Marcus integral is an ext... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,303 | The simpler SDE called arithmetic Brownian motion d X t = μ d t + σ d B t {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} X_{t}=\mu \,\mathrm {d} t+\sigma \,\mathrm {d} B_{t}} was used by Louis Bachelier as the first model for stock prices in 1900, known today as Bachelier model. There are also more general stochastic differential equation... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,304 | The mathematical formulation treats this complication with less ambiguity than the physics formulation. A typical equation is of the form d X t = μ ( X t , t ) d t + σ ( X t , t ) d B t , {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} X_{t}=\mu (X_{t},t)\,\mathrm {d} t+\sigma (X_{t},t)\,\mathrm {d} B_{t},} where B {\displaystyle B} denote... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,305 | The notation used in probability theory (and in many applications of probability theory, for instance in signal processing with the filtering problem and in mathematical finance) is slightly different. It is also the notation used in publications on numerical methods for solving stochastic differential equations. This ... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,306 | The generalization of the Fokker–Planck evolution to temporal evolution of differential forms is provided by the concept of stochastic evolution operator. In physical science, there is an ambiguity in the usage of the term "Langevin SDEs". While Langevin SDEs can be of a more general form, this term typically refers to... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,307 | The Stratonovich calculus, on the other hand, has rules which resemble ordinary calculus and has intrinsic geometric properties which render it more natural when dealing with geometric problems such as random motion on manifolds, although it is possible and in some cases preferable to model random motion on manifolds t... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,308 | Another construction was later proposed by Russian physicist Stratonovich, leading to what is known as the Stratonovich integral. The Itô integral and Stratonovich integral are related, but different, objects and the choice between them depends on the application considered. The Itô calculus is based on the concept of ... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,309 | The most common form of SDEs in the literature is an ordinary differential equation with the right hand side perturbed by a term dependent on a white noise variable. In most cases, SDEs are understood as continuous time limit of the corresponding stochastic difference equations. This understanding of SDEs is ambiguous ... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,310 | Brownian motion or the Wiener process was discovered to be exceptionally complex mathematically. The Wiener process is almost surely nowhere differentiable; thus, it requires its own rules of calculus. There are two dominating versions of stochastic calculus, the Itô stochastic calculus and the Stratonovich stochastic ... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,311 | A stochastic differential equation (SDE) is a differential equation in which one or more of the terms is a stochastic process, resulting in a solution which is also a stochastic process. SDEs have many applications throughout pure mathematics and are used to model various behaviours of stochastic models such as stock p... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,312 | Numerical methods for solving stochastic differential equations include the Euler–Maruyama method, Milstein method and Runge–Kutta method (SDE). | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,313 | A theory of Ito calculus on manifolds was first developed by Laurent Schwartz through the concept of Schwartz morphism, see also the related 2-jet interpretation of Ito SDEs on manifolds based on the jet-bundle. This interpretation is helpful when trying to optimally approximate the solution of an SDE given on a large ... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,314 | Given a maximal solution we can extend the time of X {\displaystyle X} onto full R + {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} _{+}} and after a continuation of f {\displaystyle f} on M ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {M}}} we get f ( X t ) = f ( X 0 ) + ∫ 0 t ( d f ) X A ( X ) ∘ d Z , t ≥ 0 {\displaystyle f(X_{t})=f(X_{0})+\int _{0}^{t}(... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,315 | It tells how the probability distribution function evolves in time similarly to how the Schrödinger equation gives the time evolution of the quantum wave function or the diffusion equation gives the time evolution of chemical concentration. Alternatively, numerical solutions can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. O... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,316 | Nevertheless, when SDE is viewed as a continuous-time stochastic flow of diffeomorphisms, it is a uniquely defined mathematical object that corresponds to Stratonovich approach to a continuous time limit of a stochastic difference equation. In physics, the main method of solution is to find the probability distribution... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,317 | In physics, SDEs have wide applicability ranging from molecular dynamics to neurodynamics and to the dynamics of astrophysical objects. More specifically, SDEs describe all dynamical systems, in which quantum effects are either unimportant or can be taken into account as perturbations. SDEs can be viewed as a generaliz... | Stochastic differential | 0.785437 |
79,318 | The beta function in accelerator physics is a function related to the transverse size of the particle beam at the location s along the nominal beam trajectory. It is related to the transverse beam size as follows: σ ( s ) = ϵ ⋅ β ( s ) {\displaystyle \sigma (s)={\sqrt {\epsilon \cdot \beta (s)}}} where s {\displaystyle... | Beta function (accelerator physics) | 0.785435 |
79,319 | Her initial studies were largely ignored and criticized.The theory represents a paradigm shift away from a geo-mechanical view of climate dynamics to include biology as a driver of climate. As such the theory has faced criticism from mainstream climate sciences. Fred Pearce attributes this as being partly cultural. | Biotic pump | 0.785433 |
79,320 | The biotic pump theory was developed by scientists Anastassia Makarieva and the late Victor Gorshov, who were Russian theoretical physicists working for the Theoretical Physics Division of the Petersberg Nuclear Physics Institute. Dr. Makarieva spent time recreationally and professionally in Russia's northern forests, ... | Biotic pump | 0.785433 |
79,321 | Without our rainforests the weather would be less stable and rain could decrease in regions that rely on the biotic pump for water. Additionally, we can gain further insight into the evolution of angiosperms, as well as the correlation between ecology and the interior watering of the continents. By 2022 the concept had... | Biotic pump | 0.785433 |
79,322 | In plant biology, proteinase inhibitors are a family of small proteins that serve an integral role in the plant’s defense mechanisms against herbivory from insects or microorganisms that may compromise the integrity of the plant. | Proteinase inhibitors in plants | 0.785433 |
79,323 | Nowadays it is possible to solve the classical Streeter–Phelps equation numerically by use of computers. The differential equations are solved by integration. | Streeter-Phelps equation | 0.785432 |
79,324 | In statistics, the Freedman–Diaconis rule can be used to select the width of the bins to be used in a histogram. It is named after David A. Freedman and Persi Diaconis. For a set of empirical measurements sampled from some probability distribution, the Freedman-Diaconis rule is designed roughly to minimize the integral... | Freedman–Diaconis rule | 0.785432 |
79,325 | The usage of complete ORFeomes reflects a new trend in biology that can be succinctly summarized as omics. ORFeomes are used for the study of protein-protein interactions, protein microarrays, the study of antigens, and other fields of study. | ORFeome | 0.785429 |
79,326 | In, molecular genetics, an ORFeome refers to the complete set of open reading frames (ORFs) in a genome. The term may also be used to describe a set of cloned ORFs. ORFs correspond to the protein coding sequences (CDS) of genes. ORFs can be found in genome sequences by computer programs such as GENSCAN and then amplifi... | ORFeome | 0.785429 |
79,327 | This cubic equation is obtained under a series of geometrical assumptions and has a closed-form analytical solution that can be consulted in the original paper or obtained through any modern-day algebra software. The practical consequence of this equation is that zone plate microscopes are optimally designed when the d... | Atomic de Broglie microscope | 0.785429 |
79,328 | This compiler retained vendor-specific programming performance features (known as the Q8* subroutine calls) in an era when supercomputer users were realizing the necessity of source code portability between architectures. Additionally, the compiler optimizations were not keeping up with existing technology as shown by ... | ETA Systems | 0.785428 |
79,329 | In order to regain some of the small-team flexibility that seemed essential to progress in the field, ETA was created in 1983 with the mandate to build a 10 GFLOPS machine by 1986. In April 1989 CDC decided to shut down the ETA operation and keep a bare-bones continuation effort alive at CDC. At shutdown, 7 liquid-cool... | ETA Systems | 0.785428 |
79,330 | Electron beam damage can occur through a variety of different processes that are specimen-specific. Examples of beam damage include the breaking of bonds in a polymer, which changes the structure, and knock-on damage in metals that creates a vacancy in the lattice, which changes to the surface chemistry. Additionally, ... | Atomic de Broglie microscope | 0.785428 |
79,331 | In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. This usage tends not to include effects such as quantum noise in optical communication, which is studied in the... | Wave optics | 0.785428 |
79,332 | Wireless networks are sometimes best represented with stochastic models owing to their complexity and unpredictability, hence continuum percolation have been used to develop stochastic geometry models of wireless networks. For example, the tools of continuous percolation theory and coverage processes have been used to ... | Continuum percolation theory | 0.785427 |
79,333 | Given a random disk model, if the set union of all the disks {Di} is taken, then the resulting structure ⋃i Di is known as a Boolean–Poisson model (also known as simply the Boolean model), which is a commonly studied model in continuum percolation as well as stochastic geometry. If all the radii are set to some common ... | Continuum percolation theory | 0.785427 |
79,334 | As in discrete percolation, a common research focus of continuum percolation is studying the conditions of occurrence for infinite or giant components. Other shared concepts and analysis techniques exist in these two types of percolation theory as well as the study of random graphs and random geometric graphs. Continuu... | Continuum percolation theory | 0.785427 |
79,335 | In mathematics and probability theory, continuum percolation theory is a branch of mathematics that extends discrete percolation theory to continuous space (often Euclidean space ℝn). More specifically, the underlying points of discrete percolation form types of lattices whereas the underlying points of continuum perco... | Continuum percolation theory | 0.785427 |
79,336 | Several hygroscopic approaches to harvest atmospheric moisture have been demonstrated and require further development to assess their potentials as a viable water source. Experiments with fog collection, in select environs, duplicated the hydrophilic surfaces and hygroscopic surface wetting observed in tree frog hydrat... | Hygroscopy | 0.785427 |
79,337 | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alter... | Legacy sediment | 0.785426 |
79,338 | In probability and statistics, a mean-preserving spread (MPS) is a change from one probability distribution A to another probability distribution B, where B is formed by spreading out one or more portions of A's probability density function or probability mass function while leaving the mean (the expected value) unchan... | Mean-preserving spread | 0.785426 |
79,339 | The linear combinations of the mi solutions (except the one which gives the zero vector) are the eigenvectors associated with the eigenvalue λi. The integer mi is termed the geometric multiplicity of λi. It is important to keep in mind that the algebraic multiplicity ni and geometric multiplicity mi may or may not be e... | Eigendecomposition (matrix) | 0.785426 |
79,340 | The algebraic multiplicities sum to N: ∑ i = 1 N λ n i = N . {\textstyle \sum _{i=1}^{N_{\lambda }}{n_{i}}=N.} | Eigendecomposition (matrix) | 0.785426 |
79,341 | We call p(λ) the characteristic polynomial, and the equation, called the characteristic equation, is an Nth order polynomial equation in the unknown λ. This equation will have Nλ distinct solutions, where 1 ≤ Nλ ≤ N. The set of solutions, that is, the eigenvalues, is called the spectrum of A.If the field of scalars is ... | Eigendecomposition (matrix) | 0.785426 |
79,342 | Recall that the geometric multiplicity of an eigenvalue can be described as the dimension of the associated eigenspace, the nullspace of λI − A. The algebraic multiplicity can also be thought of as a dimension: it is the dimension of the associated generalized eigenspace (1st sense), which is the nullspace of the matri... | Eigendecomposition (matrix) | 0.785426 |
79,343 | In practice, eigenvalues of large matrices are not computed using the characteristic polynomial. Computing the polynomial becomes expensive in itself, and exact (symbolic) roots of a high-degree polynomial can be difficult to compute and express: the Abel–Ruffini theorem implies that the roots of high-degree (5 or abov... | Eigendecomposition (matrix) | 0.785426 |
79,344 | Solarsoft is a store-and-forward system that makes use of rsync, csh and other UNIX tools to distribute the software to a wide variety of platforms. Solarsoft predates CVS and most other collaborative development systems; hence, it does not provide direct support for many features that today would be considered necessa... | Solarsoft | 0.785425 |
79,345 | Solarsoft is a collaborative software development system created at Lockheed-Martin to support solar data analysis and spacecraft operation activities. It is widely recognized in the solar physics community as having revolutionized solar data analysis starting in the early 1990s. Solarsoft is in active development and ... | Solarsoft | 0.785425 |
79,346 | In mathematics, Cartan's lemma refers to a number of results named after either Élie Cartan or his son Henri Cartan: In exterior algebra: Suppose that v1, ..., vp are linearly independent elements of a vector space V and w1, ..., wp are such that v 1 ∧ w 1 + ⋯ + v p ∧ w p = 0 {\displaystyle v_{1}\wedge w_{1}+\cdots +v_... | Cartan's lemma | 0.785424 |
79,347 | Optics Software for Layout and Optimization (OSLO) is an optical design program originally developed at the University of Rochester in the 1970s. The first commercial version was produced in 1976 by Sinclair Optics. Since then, OSLO has been rewritten several times as computer technology has advanced. | Optics Software for Layout and Optimization | 0.785422 |
79,348 | OSLO has many unique features, for instance slider wheels. This feature allows users to affix up to 32 graphical sliders providing callbacks to default or user-supplied routines that perform evaluation or even full optimization iterations when a slider is moved. Some examples in the use of these slider wheels to design... | Optics Software for Layout and Optimization | 0.785422 |
79,349 | {\displaystyle \|F_{n}*f\|_{L^{p}()}\leq \|f\|_{L^{p}()}{\text{ for every }}1\leq p\leq \infty {\text{ for }}f\in L^{p}.} Additionally, if f ∈ L 1 ( ) {\displaystyle f\in L^{1}()} , then f ∗ F n → f {\displaystyle f*F_{n}\rightarrow f} a.e.Since {\displaystyle } is finite, L 1 ( ) ⊃ L 2 ( ) ⊃ ⋯ ⊃ L ∞ ( ) {\display... | Fejér kernel | 0.785421 |
79,350 | Under York, the Lab had four main programs: Project Sherwood (the magnetic-fusion program), Project Whitney (the weapons-design program), diagnostic weapon experiments (both for the Los Alamos and Livermore laboratories), and a basic physics program. York and the new lab embraced the Lawrence "big science" approach, ta... | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory | 0.785421 |
79,351 | Work with highly enriched uranium is also conducted there. In March 2008, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) presented its preferred alternative for the transformation of the nation's nuclear weapons complex. Under this plan, LLNL would be a center of excellence for nuclear design and engineering, a ce... | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory | 0.785421 |
79,352 | For example, it is common to find examples of diseases named disorders in psychiatry and genetics, such at autosomal dominant disorders but uncommon in cardiology. In general, diseases called disorders have a relatively well understood, narrow pathophysiology, such as bipolar disorder, compared to something more generi... | Physical disorder | 0.785421 |
79,353 | The theory can be applied without restrictions to any prismatic thin-walled structural member exhibiting straight or curved axial axis (any loading, any cross-section geometry, any boundary conditions). GBT is in some ways analogous to the finite strip method and can be a more computationally efficient method than mode... | Generalised beam theory | 0.785419 |
79,354 | In structural engineering and mechanical engineering, generalised beam theory (GBT) is a one-dimensional theory used to mathematically model how beams bend and twist under various loads. It is a generalization of classical Euler–Bernoulli beam theory that approximates a beam as an assembly of thin-walled plates that ar... | Generalised beam theory | 0.785419 |
79,355 | A CFMM is described by a continuous trading function (also known as the invariant, AMM invariant, or CFMM invariant) φ: R + n → R {\displaystyle \varphi :\mathbb {R} _{+}^{n}\to \mathbb {R} } over the inventory amounts (commonly referred to as reserves), such that the market maker only accepts trades which leave φ {\di... | Constant function market maker | 0.785417 |
79,356 | The Kolmogorov backward equation (KBE) (diffusion) and its adjoint sometimes known as the Kolmogorov forward equation (diffusion) are partial differential equations (PDE) that arise in the theory of continuous-time continuous-state Markov processes. Both were published by Andrey Kolmogorov in 1931. Later it was realize... | Kolmogorov backward equations (diffusion) | 0.785417 |
79,357 | Some features of zero or carbon negative buildings are: Minimised use of fossil fuel energy in the supply chain and construction process. The use of materials which store atmospheric carbon in the building fabric. Minimised emissions of greenhouse gases during the lifetime and eventual demolition o the building. Captur... | Carbon negative architecture | 0.785416 |
79,358 | Thus, most IRC bots are run from computers which have long uptimes (generally running a BSD derivative or Linux) and a fast, stable Internet connection. As IRC has become popular with many dial-up users as well, shell accounts at shell providers have become popular as a stable Linux server with a decent connection to r... | IRC bot | 0.785414 |
79,359 | In mathematics, the Beck–Fiala theorem is a major theorem in discrepancy theory due to József Beck and Tibor Fiala. Discrepancy is concerned with coloring elements of a ground set such that each set in a certain set system is as balanced as possible, i.e., has approximately the same number of elements of each color. Th... | Beck–Fiala theorem | 0.785414 |
79,360 | The proof is based on a simple linear-algebraic argument. Start with x i = 0 {\displaystyle x_{i}=0} for all elements and call all variables active in the beginning. Consider only sets with | S j | > t {\displaystyle \vert S_{j}\vert >t} . Since each element appears at most t {\displaystyle t} times in a set, there are... | Beck–Fiala theorem | 0.785414 |
79,361 | Around 1950, researchers from the Technion Institute in Haifa (Israel) and from New York University tried to explain this effect scientifically. In fact, there are two phenomena that contribute to this effect: on the one hand, the Bernoulli equation is used to explain it, on the other hand, the adhesion between the liq... | Teapot effect | 0.785413 |
79,362 | Since, apart from the fill level, most of the influencing variables cannot be changed (at least not sufficiently precisely in practice), the only way to avoid the teapot effect is usually to choose a suitable geometry for the pot. Another phenomenon is the reduction in air pressure between the spout and the jet of liqu... | Teapot effect | 0.785413 |
79,363 | Since the flow conditions can be described mathematically, a critical outflow velocity is also defined. If it falls below when pouring, the liquid flows down the pot; it drips. Theoretically, this speed could be precisely calculated for a specific can geometry, the current air pressure and the fill level of the can, th... | Teapot effect | 0.785413 |
79,364 | To avoid the teapot effect, the pot can be filled less, so that a larger tilting angle is necessary from the start. However, the effect or the ideal filling level again depends on the can geometry. The teapot effect does not occur with bottles because the slender neck of the bottle always points upwards when pouring; t... | Teapot effect | 0.785413 |
79,365 | In mathematics, the height of an element g of an abelian group A is an invariant that captures its divisibility properties: it is the largest natural number N such that the equation Nx = g has a solution x ∈ A, or the symbol ∞ if there is no such N. The p-height considers only divisibility properties by the powers of a... | Ulm's theorem | 0.785412 |
79,366 | The KAS is a member organisation of the International Astronomical Union, which it joined in 1973, and hosted the IAU Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting in 1996 and 2014. It also co-hosted the International Astronomy Olympiad in 2012. == References == | Korean Astronomical Society | 0.785411 |
79,367 | The Wasserstein metric is a natural way to compare the probability distributions of two variables X and Y, where one variable is derived from the other by small, non-uniform perturbations (random or deterministic). In computer science, for example, the metric W1 is widely used to compare discrete distributions, e.g. th... | Wasserstein metric | 0.785411 |
79,368 | The algebraic decoding methods described above are hard-decision methods, which means that for every symbol a hard decision is made about its value. For example, a decoder could associate with each symbol an additional value corresponding to the channel demodulator's confidence in the correctness of the symbol. The adv... | RS code | 0.785406 |
79,369 | The Hessian affine region detector is a feature detector used in the fields of computer vision and image analysis. Like other feature detectors, the Hessian affine detector is typically used as a preprocessing step to algorithms that rely on identifiable, characteristic interest points. The Hessian affine detector is p... | Hessian affine | 0.785404 |
79,370 | A gamma-ray laser, or graser, is a hypothetical device that would produce coherent gamma rays, just as an ordinary laser produces coherent rays of visible light. Potential applications for gamma-ray lasers include medical imaging, spacecraft propulsion, and cancer treatment.In his 2003 Nobel lecture, Vitaly Ginzburg ci... | Gamma ray laser | 0.785402 |
79,371 | The time required to activate, separate, concentrate, and crystallize an appreciable number of excited nuclei by conventional radiochemistry is at least a few seconds. To ensure the inversion persists, the lifetime of the excited state must be considerably longer. | Gamma ray laser | 0.785402 |
79,372 | In mathematics, the algebraic topology on the set of group representations from G to a topological group H is the topology of pointwise convergence, i.e. pi converges to p if the limit of pi(g) = p(g) for every g in G. This terminology is often used in the case of the algebraic topology on the set of discrete, faithful... | Algebraic topology (object) | 0.785402 |
79,373 | In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra dealing with ordered structures on abelian groups, the Hahn embedding theorem gives a simple description of all linearly ordered abelian groups. It is named after Hans Hahn. | Hahn embedding theorem | 0.785401 |
79,374 | The notion of a topological divisor of zero may be generalized to any topological algebra. If the algebra in question is not first-countable, one must substitute nets for the sequences used in the definition. | Topological divisor of zero | 0.7854 |
79,375 | In mathematics, an element z {\displaystyle z} of a Banach algebra A {\displaystyle A} is called a topological divisor of zero if there exists a sequence x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , . . . {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},x_{3},...} of elements of A {\displaystyle A} such that The sequence z x n {\displaystyle zx_{n}} converges to the ... | Topological divisor of zero | 0.7854 |
79,376 | Several methods exist for the laboratory synthesis of dimethyl fumarate, with reported methods including alkene isomerization of dimethyl maleate, and Fischer esterification of fumaric acid.Dimethyl fumarate is an old compound used in industrial chemistry and can be purchased by the ton; as of 2012, one could purchase ... | Dimethyl fumarate | 0.7854 |
79,377 | The dependent variable may be part of a system of simultaneous equations (giving simultaneity bias).Additionally, measurement errors may affect the independent variables: while this is not a specification error, it can create statistical bias. Note that all models will have some specification error. Indeed, in statisti... | Statistical model specification | 0.785399 |
79,378 | In statistics, model specification is part of the process of building a statistical model: specification consists of selecting an appropriate functional form for the model and choosing which variables to include. For example, given personal income y {\displaystyle y} together with years of schooling s {\displaystyle s}... | Statistical model specification | 0.785399 |
79,379 | In number theory, the Kempner function S ( n ) {\displaystyle S(n)} is defined for a given positive integer n {\displaystyle n} to be the smallest number s {\displaystyle s} such that n {\displaystyle n} divides the factorial s ! {\displaystyle s!} . For example, the number 8 {\displaystyle 8} does not divide 1 ! | Kempner function | 0.785398 |
79,380 | In numerical analysis, the balancing domain decomposition method (BDD) is an iterative method to find the solution of a symmetric positive definite system of linear algebraic equations arising from the finite element method. In each iteration, it combines the solution of local problems on non-overlapping subdomains wit... | Balancing domain decomposition method | 0.785397 |
79,381 | In mathematics, particularly differential geometry, a Finsler manifold is a differentiable manifold M where a (possibly asymmetric) Minkowski functional F(x, −) is provided on each tangent space TxM, that enables one to define the length of any smooth curve γ: → M as L ( γ ) = ∫ a b F ( γ ( t ) , γ ˙ ( t ) ) d t . {\d... | Finsler geometry | 0.785397 |
79,382 | And that the SR3HX PVC can perform 3 trillion operations per second, HDR+ can run 5x faster and at less than one-tenth the energy than the Snapdragon 835. It supports Halide for image processing and TensorFlow for machine learning. The current chip runs at 426 MHz and the single IPU is able to perform more than 1 TeraO... | Pixel Visual Core | 0.785396 |
79,383 | MACS 1423-z7p64 is a galaxy listed in the MAssive Cluster Survey (MACS), and announced on 10 April 2017 in the journal Nature Astronomy, as being the most distant source of reionization known at this time, with a redshift z = 7.640 ± 0.001 (lookback time >13.1 Gyr). | MACS 1423-z7p64 | 0.785395 |
79,384 | Computer-assisted interventions (CAI) is a field of research and practice, where medical interventions are supported by computer-based tools and methodologies. Examples include: Medical robotics Surgical and interventional navigation Imaging and image processing methods for CAI Clinical feasibility studies of computer-... | Computer-assisted interventions | 0.785394 |
79,385 | The Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention Society (the MICCAI Society) is a professional association for medical image computing and computer-assisted medical interventions including biomedical imaging and robotics, | Computer-assisted interventions | 0.785394 |
79,386 | MICCAI organizes an annual conference and associated workshops. Proceedings for this conference are published by Springer in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series. General topics of the conference include medical image computing, computer-assisted intervention, guidance systems and robotics, visualization and vi... | Computer-assisted interventions | 0.785394 |
79,387 | Originally developed for military use during the Korean War, thermographic cameras have slowly migrated into other fields as varied as medicine and archeology. More recently, the lowering of prices has helped fuel the adoption of infrared viewing technology. Advanced optics and sophisticated software interfaces continu... | Infrared camera | 0.785394 |
79,388 | using Bayes' theorem). Having made explicit the expected loss for each given x {\displaystyle x\,\!} separately, we can define a decision rule δ {\displaystyle \delta \,\!} | Admissible procedure | 0.785393 |
79,389 | In an affine space such as the Euclidean plane a similar statement is true, but only if one lists various exceptions involving parallel lines. Desargues's theorem is therefore one of the simplest geometric theorems whose natural home is in projective rather than affine space. | Desargues's theorem | 0.785392 |
79,390 | Desargues's theorem holds for projective space of any dimension over any field or division ring, and also holds for abstract projective spaces of dimension at least 3. In dimension 2 the planes for which it holds are called Desarguesian planes and are the same as the planes that can be given coordinates over a division... | Desargues's theorem | 0.785392 |
79,391 | A plane defined over a non-commutative division ring (a division ring that is not a field) would therefore be Desarguesian but not Pappian. However, due to Wedderburn's little theorem, which states that all finite division rings are fields, all finite Desarguesian planes are Pappian. There is no known completely geomet... | Desargues's theorem | 0.785392 |
79,392 | Pappus's hexagon theorem states that, if a hexagon AbCaBc is drawn in such a way that vertices a, b and c lie on a line and vertices A, B and C lie on a second line, then each two opposite sides of the hexagon lie on two lines that meet in a point and the three points constructed in this way are collinear. A plane in w... | Desargues's theorem | 0.785392 |
79,393 | Web conferencing, videoconferencing, educational television, and instructional television are examples of synchronous technology, as are direct-broadcast satellite (DBS), internet radio, live streaming, telephone, and web-based VoIP.Web conferencing software helps to facilitate class meetings, and usually contains addi... | Correspondence school | 0.785391 |
79,394 | Kepler began working on Harmonice Mundi sometime near 1599, which was the year Kepler sent a letter to Michael Maestlin detailing the mathematical data and proofs that he intended to use for his upcoming text, which he originally planned to name De harmonia mundi. Kepler was aware that the content of Harmonice Mundi cl... | Harmonices Mundi | 0.785391 |
79,395 | A Bachelor’s degree no longer holds the same academic capital it used to, and holding such a degree no longer entitles one to the same job opportunities and income possibilities it used to. Government statistics reveal that over the past 8 years, the average weekly earnings of individuals with bachelor's degrees have a... | Academic capital | 0.785391 |
79,396 | Bureau of Labor Statistics. For individuals who do not have a high school diploma, opportunities for monetary earning fall below $30,000 less than those with an undergraduate degree.Whereas the biggest stepping stone to attain a higher paying career used to be an undergraduate degree, the common discussion in today’s m... | Academic capital | 0.785391 |
79,397 | The context for understanding the thermodynamics of quark matter is the standard model of particle physics, which contains six different flavors of quarks, as well as leptons like electrons and neutrinos. These interact via the strong interaction, electromagnetism, and also the weak interaction which allows one flavor ... | Quark matter | 0.785389 |
79,398 | The rescue effect is a phenomenon which was first described by Brown and Kodric-Brown, and is commonly used in metapopulation dynamics and many other disciplines in ecology. This populational process explains how the migration of individuals can increase the persistence of small isolated populations by helping to stabi... | Rescue effect | 0.785388 |
79,399 | A reduction in the fitness (biology) of a population is a direct consequence of its low diversity which is dependent on the expression of deleterious recessive alleles. In large populations, natural selection keeps such alleles at a low frequency. Since they usually occur in heterozygotes, they are masked by a copy of ... | Rescue effect | 0.785388 |
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