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84,600 | For any topological space X , {\displaystyle X,} let C ( X ) {\displaystyle C(X)} denote the family of real-valued continuous functions on X {\displaystyle X} and let C b ( X ) {\displaystyle C_{b}(X)} be the subset of bounded real-valued continuous functions. Completely regular spaces can be characterized by the fact ... | Completely regular space | 0.783247 |
84,601 | In topology and related branches of mathematics, Tychonoff spaces and completely regular spaces are kinds of topological spaces. These conditions are examples of separation axioms. A Tychonoff space refers to any completely regular space that is also a Hausdorff space; there exist completely regular spaces that are not... | Completely regular space | 0.783247 |
84,602 | In mathematics, especially in the area of algebraic topology known as stable homotopy theory, the Adams filtration and the Adams–Novikov filtration allow a stable homotopy group to be understood as built from layers, the nth layer containing just those maps which require at most n auxiliary spaces in order to be a comp... | Adams filtration | 0.783246 |
84,603 | In mathematics, Young's lattice is a lattice that is formed by all integer partitions. It is named after Alfred Young, who, in a series of papers On quantitative substitutional analysis, developed the representation theory of the symmetric group. In Young's theory, the objects now called Young diagrams and the partial ... | Young's lattice | 0.783245 |
84,604 | The change of flow stress with part geometry size is partly attributed to the change of volume fraction of surface grains. In addition, the anisotropic properties of each grain become significant with the decrease of workpiece size, which results in the inhomogeneous deformation, irregular formed geometry and the varia... | Microfabrication | 0.783244 |
84,605 | Flat-panel displays and solar cells are also using similar techniques. Miniaturization of various devices presents challenges in many areas of science and engineering: physics, chemistry, materials science, computer science, ultra-precision engineering, fabrication processes, and equipment design. It is also giving ris... | Microfabrication | 0.783244 |
84,606 | Microfabrication is actually a collection of technologies which are utilized in making microdevices. Some of them have very old origins, not connected to manufacturing, like lithography or etching. Polishing was borrowed from optics manufacturing, and many of the vacuum techniques come from 19th century physics researc... | Microfabrication | 0.783244 |
84,607 | Moreover, a function f defined on a bounded interval is Riemann-integrable if and only if it is bounded and the set of points where f is discontinuous has Lebesgue measure zero. An integral which is in fact a direct generalization of the Riemann integral is the Henstock–Kurzweil integral. Another way of generalizing th... | Riemann Integral | 0.783242 |
84,608 | The most severe problem is that there are no widely applicable theorems for commuting improper Riemann integrals with limits of functions. In applications such as Fourier series it is important to be able to approximate the integral of a function using integrals of approximations to the function. For proper Riemann int... | Riemann Integral | 0.783242 |
84,609 | In physics, and especially quantum field theory, an auxiliary field is one whose equations of motion admit a single solution. Therefore, the Lagrangian describing such a field A {\displaystyle A} contains an algebraic quadratic term and an arbitrary linear term, while it contains no kinetic terms (derivatives of the fi... | Auxiliary field | 0.783242 |
84,610 | The experienced-based component factory is developed at the Software Engineering Laboratory at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The goals of this approach are to "understand the software process in a production environment, determine the impact of available technologies and infuse identified/refined methods back i... | Software factory | 0.78324 |
84,611 | In software engineering and enterprise software architecture, a software factory is a software product line that configures extensive tools, processes, and content using a template based on a schema to automate the development and maintenance of variants of an archetypical product by adapting, assembling, and configuri... | Software factory | 0.78324 |
84,612 | The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem says the sampling frequency must be greater than twice the maximum frequency one wishes to reproduce. To capture the human hearing range of roughly 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, the sampling rate had to be greater than 40 kHz. But to avoid aliasing when sampling, signals must first be bandlim... | 44.1 kHz | 0.783239 |
84,613 | Compared to more commonly encountered states of matter, Bose–Einstein condensates are extremely fragile. The slightest interaction with the external environment can be enough to warm them past the condensation threshold, eliminating their interesting properties and forming a normal gas.Nevertheless, they have proven us... | Bose Einstein Condensate | 0.783238 |
84,614 | Shortly thereafter, Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT produced a Bose–Einstein Condensate in a gas of sodium atoms. For their achievements Cornell, Wieman, and Ketterle received the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics. These early studies founded the field of ultracold atoms, and hundreds of research groups around the world now routine... | Bose Einstein Condensate | 0.783238 |
84,615 | Einstein then extended Bose's ideas to matter in two other papers. The result of their efforts is the concept of a Bose gas, governed by Bose–Einstein statistics, which describes the statistical distribution of identical particles with integer spin, now called bosons. Bosons, particles that include the photon as well a... | Bose Einstein Condensate | 0.783238 |
84,616 | Bose first sent a paper to Einstein on the quantum statistics of light quanta (now called photons), in which he derived Planck's quantum radiation law without any reference to classical physics. Einstein was impressed, translated the paper himself from English to German and submitted it for Bose to the Zeitschrift für ... | Bose Einstein Condensate | 0.783238 |
84,617 | The peak is not infinitely narrow because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: spatially confined atoms have a minimum width velocity distribution. This width is given by the curvature of the magnetic potential in the given direction. More tightly confined directions have bigger widths in the ballistic velocity dis... | Bose Einstein Condensate | 0.783238 |
84,618 | The , , Coxeter group generates 255 permutations of uniform tessellations, 135 with unique symmetry and 134 with unique geometry. The expanded 7-cubic honeycomb is geometrically identical to the 7-cubic honeycomb. The 7-cubic honeycomb can be alternated into the 7-demicubic honeycomb, replacing the 7-cubes with 7-demic... | Quadritruncated 7-cubic honeycomb | 0.783238 |
84,619 | Discretization error is the principal source of error in methods of finite differences and the pseudo-spectral method of computational physics. When we define the derivative of f ( x ) {\displaystyle \,\!f(x)} as f ′ ( x ) = lim h → 0 f ( x + h ) − f ( x ) h {\displaystyle f'(x)=\lim _{h\rightarrow 0}{\frac {f(x+h)-f(x... | Discretization error | 0.783238 |
84,620 | In signal processing, the analog of discretization is sampling, and results in no loss if the conditions of the sampling theorem are satisfied, otherwise the resulting error is called aliasing. Discretization error, which arises from finite resolution in the domain, should not be confused with quantization error, which... | Discretization error | 0.783238 |
84,621 | In numerical analysis, computational physics, and simulation, discretization error is the error resulting from the fact that a function of a continuous variable is represented in the computer by a finite number of evaluations, for example, on a lattice. Discretization error can usually be reduced by using a more finely... | Discretization error | 0.783238 |
84,622 | Levinson's theorem is an important theorem in non-relativistic quantum scattering theory. It relates the number of bound states of a potential to the difference in phase of a scattered wave at zero and infinite energies. It was published by Norman Levinson in 1949. | Levinson's theorem | 0.783237 |
84,623 | The difference in the ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } -wave phase shift of a scattered wave at zero energy, φ ℓ ( 0 ) {\displaystyle \varphi _{\ell }(0)} , and infinite energy, φ ℓ ( ∞ ) {\displaystyle \varphi _{\ell }(\infty )} , for a spherically symmetric potential V ( r ) {\displaystyle V(r)} is related to the number of bo... | Levinson's theorem | 0.783237 |
84,624 | Radiation Protection Dosimetry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering radiobiology, especially dosimetry and radiation monitoring for both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. The editor-in-chief is J. Hans Zoetelief (Delft University of Technology). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journa... | Radiation Protection Dosimetry | 0.783237 |
84,625 | Specifically, standing acoustic waves inside a chamber can be intensified if combustion occurs more intensely in regions where the pressure of the acoustic wave is maximal. Such effects are very difficult to predict analytically during the design process, and have usually been addressed by expensive, time-consuming and... | Rocket engine restart | 0.783237 |
84,626 | These include Cascaded Shadow Maps, Trapezoidal Shadow Maps, Light Space Perspective Shadow maps, or Parallel-Split Shadow maps.Also notable is that generated shadows, even if aliasing free, have hard edges, which is not always desirable. In order to emulate real world soft shadows, several solutions have been develope... | Shadow mapping | 0.783233 |
84,627 | To directly excite bound electron–hole pairs, i.e., excitons, described by a two-particle correlation Δ ⟨ X ^ † X ^ ⟩ {\displaystyle \Delta \langle {\hat {X}}^{\dagger }{\hat {X}}\rangle } , or a biexciton transition Δ ⟨ X ^ X ^ ⟩ {\displaystyle \Delta \langle {\hat {X}}\,{\hat {X}}\rangle } , one needs to have a sourc... | Quantum-optical spectroscopy | 0.783233 |
84,628 | Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering polymer science. It publishes full papers, talents, trends, and highlights in all areas of polymer science, from chemistry to physical chemistry, physics, and materials science. | Die Makromolekulare Chemie | 0.783233 |
84,629 | In recreational number theory, a primeval number is a natural number n for which the number of prime numbers which can be obtained by permuting some or all of its digits (in base 10) is larger than the number of primes obtainable in the same way for any smaller natural number. Primeval numbers were first described by M... | Primeval number | 0.783231 |
84,630 | The Sarma method is called an advanced and rigorous method of static and seismic slope stability analysis. It is called advanced because it can take account of non-circular failure surfaces. Also, the multi-wedge approach allows for non-vertical slices and irregular slope geometry. It is called a rigorous method becaus... | Sarma method | 0.78323 |
84,631 | Delivering the most important features first leads to an earlier return on investment than the waterfall model.A lack of detailed specifications typically is the result of a lack of time, or the lack of knowledge of the desired end result (solution). In many types of projects, and especially in software engineering, an... | Timeboxing | 0.783228 |
84,632 | The conditional risk measure associated with dynamic entropic risk with risk aversion parameter θ {\displaystyle \theta } is given by ρ t e n t ( X ) = 1 θ log ( E ) . {\displaystyle \rho _{t}^{\mathrm {ent} }(X)={\frac {1}{\theta }}\log \left(\mathbb {E} \right).} This is a time consistent risk measure if θ {\displ... | Entropic risk measure | 0.783226 |
84,633 | Tools for investigating time-series data include: Consideration of the autocorrelation function and the spectral density function (also cross-correlation functions and cross-spectral density functions) Scaled cross- and auto-correlation functions to remove contributions of slow components Performing a Fourier transform... | Univariate time series | 0.783226 |
84,634 | Time series analysis comprises methods for analyzing time series data in order to extract meaningful statistics and other characteristics of the data. Time series forecasting is the use of a model to predict future values based on previously observed values. While regression analysis is often employed in such a way as ... | Univariate time series | 0.783226 |
84,635 | Examples of time series are heights of ocean tides, counts of sunspots, and the daily closing value of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. A time series is very frequently plotted via a run chart (which is a temporal line chart). Time series are used in statistics, signal processing, pattern recognition, econometrics, ma... | Univariate time series | 0.783226 |
84,636 | Superstring theory is not the first theory to propose extra spatial dimensions. It can be seen as building upon the Kaluza–Klein theory, which proposed a 4+1 dimensional (5D) theory of gravity. When compactified on a circle, the gravity in the extra dimension precisely describes electromagnetism from the perspective of... | Superstring theories | 0.783222 |
84,637 | It is conceivable that the five superstring theories are approximated to a theory in higher dimensions possibly involving membranes. Because the action for this involves quartic terms and higher so is not Gaussian, the functional integrals are very difficult to solve and so this has confounded the top theoretical physi... | Superstring theories | 0.783222 |
84,638 | The discovery of the neutron was paramount to the development of atomic physics in the first half of the twentieth century. The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932. Detection of the neutron requires a special environment because neutrons do ... | Radionuclide identification device | 0.783221 |
84,639 | In mathematical physics Linear transport theory is the study of equations describing the migration of particles or energy within a host medium when such migration involves random absorption, emission and scattering events. Subject to certain simplifying assumptions, this is a common and useful framework for describing ... | Linear transport theory | 0.78322 |
84,640 | Other results were received along the line of reinterpreting or reproving previously known results. Of particular interest is Teturo Kamae's proof of the individual ergodic theorem or L. van den Dries and Alex Wilkie's treatment of Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. Nonstandard analysis was used by Larry ... | Nonstandard analysis | 0.783218 |
84,641 | In polymer chemistry and materials science, a resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. This article focuses mainly on naturally occurring resins. Plants secrete resins for their protective ben... | Resin | 0.783218 |
84,642 | . , ( a n , b n ) ) {\displaystyle ((a_{1},b_{1}),...,(a_{n},b_{n}))} the indegree-outdegree pairs of a labeled directed graph with at most one loop per vertex? The theorem can easily be adapted to this formulation, because there does not exist a special order of b. | Gale–Ryser theorem | 0.783218 |
84,643 | Since ∑ i = 1 k a i ∗ = ∑ i = 1 n min ( b i , k ) {\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{k}a_{i}^{*}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}\min(b_{i},k)} , the theorem above states that a pair of nonnegative integer sequences a and b with nonincreasing a is bigraphic if and only if the conjugate partition a ∗ {\displaystyle a^{*}} of b {\displaystyle b... | Gale–Ryser theorem | 0.783218 |
84,644 | The theorem can also be stated in terms of zero-one matrices. The connection can be seen if one realizes that each bipartite graph has a biadjacency matrix where the column sums and row sums correspond to ( a 1 , … , a n ) {\displaystyle (a_{1},\ldots ,a_{n})} and ( b 1 , … , b n ) {\displaystyle (b_{1},\ldots ,b_{n})}... | Gale–Ryser theorem | 0.783218 |
84,645 | A pair of sequences of nonnegative integers ( a 1 , … , a n ) {\displaystyle (a_{1},\ldots ,a_{n})} and ( b 1 , … , b n ) {\displaystyle (b_{1},\ldots ,b_{n})} with a 1 ≥ ⋯ ≥ a n {\displaystyle a_{1}\geq \cdots \geq a_{n}} is bigraphic if and only if ∑ i = 1 n a i = ∑ i = 1 n b i {\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}=\su... | Gale–Ryser theorem | 0.783218 |
84,646 | The Gale–Ryser theorem is a result in graph theory and combinatorial matrix theory, two branches of combinatorics. It provides one of two known approaches to solving the bipartite realization problem, i.e. it gives a necessary and sufficient condition for two finite sequences of natural numbers to be the degree sequenc... | Gale–Ryser theorem | 0.783218 |
84,647 | The proof is composed of two parts: the necessity of the condition and its sufficiency. We outline the proof of both parts in the language of matrices. To see that the condition in the theorem is necessary, consider the adjacency matrix of a bigraphic realization with row sums ( b 1 , … , b n ) {\displaystyle (b_{1},\l... | Gale–Ryser theorem | 0.783218 |
84,648 | Similar theorems describe the degree sequences of simple graphs and simple directed graphs. The first problem is characterized by the Erdős–Gallai theorem. The latter case is characterized by the Fulkerson–Chen–Anstee theorem. | Gale–Ryser theorem | 0.783218 |
84,649 | The integral form of the Borel transform is a special case of the Laplace transform for f an entire function of exponential type, meaning that for some constants A and B. The generalized Borel transform allows a different weighting function to be used, rather than the exponential function, to transform functions not of... | Laplace Transform | 0.783217 |
84,650 | Therefore, the region of convergence is a half-plane of the form Re(s) > a, possibly including some points of the boundary line Re(s) = a. In the region of convergence Re(s) > Re(s0), the Laplace transform of f can be expressed by integrating by parts as the integral That is, F(s) can effectively be expressed, in the r... | Laplace Transform | 0.783217 |
84,651 | The Laplace transform is analytic in the region of absolute convergence: this is a consequence of Fubini's theorem and Morera's theorem. Similarly, the set of values for which F(s) converges (conditionally or absolutely) is known as the region of conditional convergence, or simply the region of convergence (ROC). If th... | Laplace Transform | 0.783217 |
84,652 | If f is a locally integrable function (or more generally a Borel measure locally of bounded variation), then the Laplace transform F(s) of f converges provided that the limit exists. The Laplace transform converges absolutely if the integral exists as a proper Lebesgue integral. The Laplace transform is usually underst... | Laplace Transform | 0.783217 |
84,653 | Final value theorem f ( ∞ ) = lim s → 0 s F ( s ) {\displaystyle f(\infty )=\lim _{s\to 0}{sF(s)}} , if all poles of s F ( s ) {\displaystyle sF(s)} are in the left half-plane. The final value theorem is useful because it gives the long-term behaviour without having to perform partial fraction decompositions (or other ... | Laplace Transform | 0.783217 |
84,654 | Once solved, use of the inverse Laplace transform reverts to the original domain. Given the functions f(t) and g(t), and their respective Laplace transforms F(s) and G(s), the following table is a list of properties of unilateral Laplace transform: Initial value theorem f ( 0 + ) = lim s → ∞ s F ( s ) . {\displaystyle ... | Laplace Transform | 0.783217 |
84,655 | The Laplace transform has a number of properties that make it useful for analyzing linear dynamical systems. The most significant advantage is that differentiation becomes multiplication, and integration becomes division, by s (reminiscent of the way logarithms change multiplication to addition of logarithms). Because ... | Laplace Transform | 0.783217 |
84,656 | Consider a linear time-invariant system with transfer function The impulse response is simply the inverse Laplace transform of this transfer function: Partial fraction expansionTo evaluate this inverse transform, we begin by expanding H(s) using the method of partial fraction expansion, The unknown constants P and R ar... | Laplace Transform | 0.783217 |
84,657 | In molecular biology, sirohaem synthase (or siroheme synthase) (CysG) is a multi-functional enzyme with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent bismethyltransferase, dehydrogenase and ferrochelatase activities. Bacterial sulphur metabolism depends on the iron-containing porphinoid sirohaem. CysG synthesizes sirohaem fr... | Sirohaem synthase | 0.783216 |
84,658 | The alleged use of taking children's fingerprints is to struggle against school truancy and/or to replace library cards or money for meals by fingerprint locks. In Belgium, this practice gave rise to a question in Parliament on February 6, 2007 by Michel de La Motte (Humanist Democratic Centre) to the Education Ministe... | Biometrics in schools | 0.783214 |
84,659 | The Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO) satellites were a series of four American space observatories launched by NASA between 1966 and 1972, managed by NASA Chief of Astronomy Nancy Grace Roman. These observatories, including the first successful space telescope, provided the first high-quality observations of man... | Orbiting Astronomical Observatory | 0.783213 |
84,660 | Indeed, it can be proved to be true by elementary arguments (e.g. it can be shown that all Pi are representable as polynomials of N and for this reason, if T commutes with N, it has to commute with Pi...). Therefore T must also commute with In general, when the Hilbert space is not finite-dimensional, the normal operat... | Fuglede's theorem | 0.783212 |
84,661 | As R is a limit of polynomials on SS*, the above implies that R commutes with M. It is also invertible. Then Corollary If M and N are normal operators, and MN = NM, then MN is also normal. Proof: The argument invokes only Fuglede's theorem. One can directly compute By Fuglede, the above becomes But M and N are normal, ... | Fuglede's theorem | 0.783212 |
84,662 | Theorem (Fuglede) Let T and N be bounded operators on a complex Hilbert space with N being normal. If TN = NT, then TN* = N*T, where N* denotes the adjoint of N. Normality of N is necessary, as is seen by taking T=N. When T is self-adjoint, the claim is trivial regardless of whether N is normal: Tentative Proof: If the... | Fuglede's theorem | 0.783212 |
84,663 | The theorem can be rephrased as a statement about elements of C*-algebras. Theorem (Fuglede-Putnam-Rosenblum) Let x, y be two normal elements of a C*-algebra A and z such that xz = zy. Then it follows that x* z = z y*. | Fuglede's theorem | 0.783212 |
84,664 | The short proof given above was first published by Rosenblum in 1958; it is very elegant, but is less general than the original proof which also considered the case of unbounded operators. Another simple proof of Putnam's theorem is as follows: Second proof: Consider the matrices The operator N' is normal and, by assum... | Fuglede's theorem | 0.783212 |
84,665 | The following contains Fuglede's result as a special case. The proof by Rosenblum pictured below is just that presented by Fuglede for his theorem when assuming N=M. Theorem (Calvin Richard Putnam) Let T, M, N be linear operators on a complex Hilbert space, and suppose that M and N are normal, T is bounded and MT = TN.... | Fuglede's theorem | 0.783212 |
84,666 | In mathematics, Fuglede's theorem is a result in operator theory, named after Bent Fuglede. | Fuglede's theorem | 0.783212 |
84,667 | Another advantage of stream ciphers in military cryptography is that the cipher stream can be generated in a separate box that is subject to strict security measures and fed to other devices such as a radio set, which will perform the XOR operation as part of their function. The latter device can then be designed and u... | Stream ciphers | 0.783211 |
84,668 | This is a list of approaches, styles, methodologies, philosophies in software development and engineering. It also contains programming paradigms, software development methodologies, software development processes, and single practices, principles and laws. Some of the mentioned methods are more relevant to a specific ... | List of software development philosophies | 0.78321 |
84,669 | Davis 201 Principles of Software Development Don't Make Me Think (Principles of intuitive navigation and information design) The Art of Computer Programming (general computer-science masterpiece by Donald E. Knuth) The Cathedral and the Bazaar - book comparing top-down vs. bottom-up open-source software The Philosophy ... | List of software development philosophies | 0.78321 |
84,670 | Agent-oriented programming Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) Convention over configuration Component-based software engineering Functional programming (FP) Hierarchical object-oriented design (HOOD) Literate programming Logic programming Modular programming Object-oriented programming (OOP) Procedural programming React... | List of software development philosophies | 0.783209 |
84,671 | 300 Rules of Thumb and Nuggets of Wisdom (excerpt from Managing the Unmanageable - Rules, Tools, and Insights for Managing Software People and Teams by Mickey W. Mantle, Ron Lichty) ACID Big ball of mud Brooks's law C++ Core Guidelines (Stroustrup/Sutter) P1 - P13 Philosophy rules CAP theorem Code reuse Command–query s... | List of software development philosophies | 0.783209 |
84,672 | Lucigenin is an aromatic compound used in areas which include chemiluminescence. Its chemical name is bis-N-methylacridinium nitrate. It exhibits a bluish-green fluorescence. It is used as a probe for superoxide anion in biology, for its chemiluminescent properties. | Lucigenin | 0.783208 |
84,673 | The UAV Challenge - Outback Rescue, also known as the UAV Outback Challenge or UAV Challenge, is an annual competition for the development of unmanned aerial vehicles. The competition was first held in 2007 and features an open challenge for adults, and a high-school challenge. The event is aimed at promoting the civil... | UAV Outback Challenge | 0.783203 |
84,674 | DIDO – MATLAB tool for optimal control named after Dido, the first queen of Carthage. GPOPS-II: General Purpose Optimal Control Software GESOP – Graphical Environment for Simulation and OPtimization OpenOCL – Open Optimal Control Library PROPT – MATLAB Optimal Control Software PSOPT – Open Source Pseudospectral Optimal... | Pseudospectral optimal control | 0.783202 |
84,675 | A basic pseudospectral method for optimal control is based on the covector mapping principle. Other pseudospectral optimal control techniques, such as the Bellman pseudospectral method, rely on node-clustering at the initial time to produce optimal controls. The node clusterings occur at all Gaussian points.Moreover, t... | Pseudospectral optimal control | 0.783202 |
84,676 | "We have retained the generous upper mass limit of 24 Jupiter masses in our definition of a “planet”, for the same reasons as in the Catalog: at the moment, any mass limit is arbitrary and will serve little practical function both because of the sin i ambiguity in radial velocity masses and because of the lack of physi... | Exoplanet Data Explorer | 0.783202 |
84,677 | A high-dose cobalt-60 facility, 54-megaelectron volt (54,000,000 electron volt) linear accelerator (LINAC), and low-level cobalt-60 irradiation facility were later added.In July 1964, AFRRI was moved to DASA, and the Chief of DASA became ex officio chair of AFRRI's Board of Governors. While nominally an operational fie... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783202 |
84,678 | Department of Defense (DoD) interest in the health effects of exposure to radiological agents (radiobiology), born in the wake of the Manhattan Project, motivated a 1958 Bureau of Medicine and Surgery proposal that a bionuclear research facility be established to study such issues. On June 8, 1960, Public Law 86-500 au... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783202 |
84,679 | AFRRI is charged with the following: Operating research facilities for and disseminate results from the study of radiobiology and ionizing radiation bioeffects and the development of medical countermeasures against ionizing radiation Providing analysis, study, and consultation on the impact of the biological effects of... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783202 |
84,680 | Equipped with TECAN Evo 200 (robotic platform), HANABHI Harvester PII & PIII (chromosome harvesters), HANABI Spreader, Auto Stainer & Auto Image capture digital microscope, and LIMS. Microbiology Laboratory: Used for the manipulation of pathogenic microorganisms. Equipped with laminar flow hoods, refrigerators, CO2 inc... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783202 |
84,681 | AFRRI is a fully equipped research facility capable of state of the art molecular, cellular, microbiology, genetic and biochemical research. Its four laboratories and one center are: Cellular/Molecular Laboratory: Used for the manipulation and analysis of biological samples. Equipped with cell culture incubators, lamin... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783202 |
84,682 | AFFRI's Military Medical Operations (MMO) Team, staffed by health physicists and radiation trained physicians, exists to apply and make useful AFRRI's research. Education outreach is provided by the Medical Effects of Ionizing Radiation (MEIR) Course and operational support by the Medical Radiobiology Advisory Team (MR... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783202 |
84,683 | The MEIR Course is a post-graduate instructional course concerning the biomedical consequences of radiation exposure, how the effects can be reduced, and how to medically manage casualties. The training includes combat and noncombat and weapon and non-weapons nuclear incidents. Main focuses include health physics, biol... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783202 |
84,684 | The Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) is an American triservice research laboratory in Bethesda, Maryland chartered by Congress in 1960 and formally established in 1961. It conducts research in the field of radiobiology and related matters which are essential to the operational and medical support of... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783202 |
84,685 | MRAT provides health physics, medical, and radiobiological advice to military and civilian command and control operations worldwide in response to nuclear and radiological incidents requiring coordinated federal responses.MRATs are deployable team responsible for providing expert advice to incident commanders and staff... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783202 |
84,686 | The director of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute is appointed by the surgeons general of the Army, Navy, and Air Force to a four-year term. Additionally, the director must hold a doctoral degree in the life sciences and be a military officer. It is the director's responsibility to act as liaison to the ... | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute | 0.783201 |
84,687 | However, glycerol cannot be used to protect whole organs from damage. Instead, many biotechnology companies are researching the development of other cryoprotectants more suitable for such uses. | Cryoprotectant | 0.7832 |
84,688 | A cryoprotectant is a substance used to protect biological tissue from freezing damage (i.e. that due to ice formation). Arctic and Antarctic insects, fish and amphibians create cryoprotectants (antifreeze compounds and antifreeze proteins) in their bodies to minimize freezing damage during cold winter periods. Cryopro... | Cryoprotectant | 0.7832 |
84,689 | See, for example, the Germproof Drinking Cup. The inventor was a member of the Machinery Club and the American Society of Mechanical Engineering through the time of his death on Tuesday, November 8, 1927, at age 57. The New York Times ran a brief paid obituary two days later. | Powers Accounting Machine | 0.783198 |
84,690 | In the field of molecular biology, a corepressor is a molecule that represses the expression of genes. In prokaryotes, corepressors are small molecules whereas in eukaryotes, corepressors are proteins. A corepressor does not directly bind to DNA, but instead indirectly regulates gene expression by binding to repressors... | Corepressor (genetics) | 0.783198 |
84,691 | Laws David D., Hans- , Bitter Marcus L., Jerschow Alexej (2002). "Solid-State NMR Spectroscopic Methods in Chemistry". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 41 (17): 3096–3129. | Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance | 0.783197 |
84,692 | In theoretical physics, topological string theory is a version of string theory. Topological string theory appeared in papers by theoretical physicists, such as Edward Witten and Cumrun Vafa, by analogy with Witten's earlier idea of topological quantum field theory. | Topological B-model | 0.783196 |
84,693 | Many plants exhibit a strong circadian rhythm (see also Chronobiology), and a few have been observed to open at quite a regular time, but the accuracy of such a clock is diminished because flowering time is affected by weather and seasonal effects. The flowering times recorded by Linnaeus are also subject to difference... | Linnaeus's flower clock | 0.783195 |
84,694 | In materials science, a metal foam is a material or structure consisting of a solid metal (frequently aluminium) with gas-filled pores comprising a large portion of the volume. The pores can be sealed (closed-cell foam) or interconnected (open-cell foam). The defining characteristic of metal foams is a high porosity: t... | Sponge metal | 0.783195 |
84,695 | Within physics, the Hybrid Theory for photon transport in tissue uses the advantages and eliminates the deficiencies of both the Monte Carlo method and the diffusion theory for photon transport to model photons traveling through tissue both accurately and efficiently. | Hybrid theory for photon transport in tissue | 0.783192 |
84,696 | The Hybrid Theory combines the Diffusion Theory and the Monte Carlo method in order to increase accuracy near the source and boundaries while reducing computation time. In the previous example for the Diffusion Theory, a semi-infinite scattering medium with only one boundary was assumed. If the geometry is a slab, the ... | Hybrid theory for photon transport in tissue | 0.783192 |
84,697 | In mathematics, in the area of algebra known as group theory, a more than fifty-year effort was made to answer a conjecture of (Burnside 1911): are all groups of odd order solvable? Progress was made by showing that CA-groups, groups in which the centralizer of a non-identity element is abelian, of odd order are solvab... | CN-group | 0.783192 |
84,698 | The RoboJackets participate in several robotics competitions, including RoboCup Small Size league, FIRST, BattleBots, the International Autonomous Robot Racing Challenge, and the Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition. The organization also takes part in a few local non-robotics competitions such as the Dooley Derby an... | RoboJackets | 0.78319 |
84,699 | The RoboJackets also encourages its members to work on their own independent robotics projects. Some of these have included a hexapod, an inverse-kinematic arm, an automated version of the Georgia Tech "Rambling Wreck" mascot, and a Roomba-like vacuuming robot. | RoboJackets | 0.78319 |
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