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87,500 | In two other alternatives, the centre may be omitted entirely provided that given are either two concentric circles, or two distinct intersecting circles, of which there are two cases: two intersection points and one intersection point (tangential circles). From any of these scenarios, centres can be constructed, reduc... | Poncelet–Steiner theorem | 0.782064 |
87,501 | In 1904, Francesco Severi proved that any small arc (of the circle), together with the centre, will suffice. This construction breaks the rusty compass at any point before the first circle is completed, but after it has begun, and still all constructions remain possible. Thus, the conditions hypothesizing the Poncelet-... | Poncelet–Steiner theorem | 0.782064 |
87,502 | Viewed the other way, the Poncelet-Steiner theorem not only fixes the width of the rusty compass, but ensures that the compass breaks after its first use. The requirement that one circle with its center provided has been since generalized to include alternative but equally restrictive conditions. In one such alternativ... | Poncelet–Steiner theorem | 0.782064 |
87,503 | The Poncelet–Steiner theorem can be contrasted with the Mohr–Mascheroni theorem, which states that any compass and straightedge construction can be performed with only a compass. The rusty compass restriction allows the use of a compass, provided it produces circles of fixed radius. Although the rusty compass construct... | Poncelet–Steiner theorem | 0.782064 |
87,504 | In number theory, a narcissistic number (also known as a pluperfect digital invariant (PPDI), an Armstrong number (after Michael F. Armstrong) or a plus perfect number) in a given number base b {\displaystyle b} is a number that is the sum of its own digits each raised to the power of the number of digits. | Narcissistic number | 0.782061 |
87,505 | A single command should have the capability of building the system. Many build tools, which have existed for many years like make, and other more recent tools are frequently used in continuous integration environments to automate building. (E.g. Makefile, which contains a set of rules for building software, can be used... | Continuous Integration | 0.78206 |
87,506 | In software engineering, continuous integration (CI) is the practice of merging all developers' working copies to a shared mainline several times a day. Nowadays it is typically implemented in such a way that it triggers an automated build with testing. Grady Booch first proposed the term CI in his 1991 method, althoug... | Continuous Integration | 0.78206 |
87,507 | Sensorium Corporation was founded in 2018 by billionaire Mikhail Prokhorov, former owner of the Brooklyn Nets. The company developed Sensorium Galaxy, a social virtual reality platform that incorporates social communication tools, graphics, avatars powered by artificial intelligence, and content produced by partner art... | Sensorium Corporation | 0.782059 |
87,508 | The LiO2 molecule is a misnomer: the bonds between lithium and oxygen are highly ionic, with almost complete electron-transfer. The force constant between the two oxygen atoms matches the constants measured for the superoxide anion (O2−) in other contexts. The bond length for the O-O bond was determined to be 1.34 Å. U... | Lithium superoxide | 0.782058 |
87,509 | The collaboration includes scientists from: Delft University of Technology, Netherlands The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Korea Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Canary Islands, Spain KEK, Japan Korea University, Korea Kyoto University, Japan National A... | GroundBIRD | 0.782058 |
87,510 | LibreOffice Base requires Java in order to create databases with forms, wizards, and more. Base is able to work with both embedded and external database files. Embedded databases are stored as a single file using C++ based Firebird and Java-based HSQLDB as its storage engine. When connecting to external databases, Base... | LibreOffice Base | 0.782057 |
87,511 | LibreOffice Base is a free and open-source database development and administration tool for relational database management systems that is part of the LibreOffice office suite. LibreOffice Base was built off of a fork of OpenOffice.org and was first released as version 3.4.0.1 on October 4, 2011.Similarly to the other ... | LibreOffice Base | 0.782057 |
87,512 | One important application of the SPO in ecology is to estimate species abundance based on presence-absence data, or occupancy alone. This is appealing because obtaining presence-absence data is often cost-efficient. Using a dipswitch test consisting of 5 subtests and 15 criteria, Hui et al. confirmed that using the SPO... | Scaling pattern of occupancy | 0.782056 |
87,513 | In spatial ecology and macroecology, scaling pattern of occupancy (SPO), also known as the area-of-occupancy (AOO) is the way in which species distribution changes across spatial scales. In physical geography and image analysis, it is similar to the modifiable areal unit problem. Simon A. Levin (1992) states that the p... | Scaling pattern of occupancy | 0.782056 |
87,514 | {\displaystyle P_{a_{j}}=f_{0}f_{1}\cdots f_{j}.\,} The Bayesian estimation model follows a different way of thinking. Instead of providing the best-fit model as above, the occupancy at different scales can be estimated by Bayesian rule based on not only the occupancy but also the spatial autocorrelation at one specifi... | Scaling pattern of occupancy | 0.782056 |
87,515 | In these cases, the metallocarbene, such as the dirhodium(II)tetracarboxylate carbene, is stabilized through hyperconjugative metal enolate-type interactions. Subsequent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction occurs through a transient metal-complexed carbonyl ylide. Therefore, a persistent metallocarbene can influence the... | 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition | 0.782056 |
87,516 | Huisgen investigated a series of cycloadditions between the 1,3-dipolar diazo compounds and various dipolarophilic alkenes. The following observations support the concerted pericyclic mechanism, and refute the stepwise diradical or the stepwise polar pathway. Substituent effects: Different substituents on the dipole do... | 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition | 0.782056 |
87,517 | Generally, the stereochemistry of the dipole is not of major concern because only few dipoles could form stereogenic centers, and resonance structures allow bond rotation which scrambles the stereochemistry. However, the study of azomethine ylides has verified that cycloaddition is also stereospecific with respect to t... | 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition | 0.782056 |
87,518 | A 1,3-dipole is an organic molecule that can be represented as either an allyl-type or a propargyl/allenyl-type zwitterionic octet/sextet structures. Both types of 1,3-dipoles share four electrons in the π-system over three atoms. The allyl-type is bent whereas the propargyl/allenyl-type is linear in geometry. 1,3-Dipo... | 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition | 0.782056 |
87,519 | The reaction is so versatile that it is termed the "Click" chemistry. Although copper(I) is toxic, many protective ligands have been developed to both reduce cytotoxicity and improve rate of CuAAC, allowing it to be used in in vivo studies. For example, Bertozzi et al. reported the metabolic incorporation of azide-func... | 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition | 0.782056 |
87,520 | Regioselectivity of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between carbonyl ylide dipoles and alkynyl or alkenyl dipolarophiles is essential for generating molecules with defined regiochemistry. FMO theory and analysis of the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps between the dipole and dipolarophile can rationalize and predict the regios... | 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition | 0.782056 |
87,521 | Kernel plans to read and write the underlying functions of the brain.As of 2019, the company is researching neurological diseases and dysfunctions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, depression and anxiety. Kernel is one of several companies researching links between the human brain and computer interfaces, i... | Kernel (neurotechnology company) | 0.782056 |
87,522 | He repeatedly stressed the importance and primacy of the "felt presence of direct experience", as opposed to dogma.In addition to psychedelic drugs, McKenna spoke on a wide array of subjects, including shamanism; metaphysics; alchemy; language; culture; self-empowerment; environmentalism, techno-paganism; artificial in... | Machine Elf | 0.782055 |
87,523 | For example, innovation laboratories, research programs, and projects with food companies and equipment manufacturers are being adopted by some universities. In addition, food engineering competitions and competitions from other scientific disciplines are appearing.With the growing demand for safe, sustainable, and hea... | Food Safety Management System | 0.782053 |
87,524 | In other cases, institutions offer food engineering education through concentrations, specializations, or minors. Food engineering candidates receive multidisciplinary training in areas like mathematics, chemistry, biochemistry, physics, microbiology, nutrition, and law. | Food Safety Management System | 0.782053 |
87,525 | In the 1950s, food engineering emerged as an academic discipline, when several U.S. universities included food science and food technology in their curricula, and important works on food engineering appeared. Today, educational institutions throughout the world offer bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees in food eng... | Food Safety Management System | 0.782053 |
87,526 | The Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics is jointly awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society and American Institute of Physics for outstanding work in astrophysics. It is funded by the Heineman Foundation in honour of Dannie Heineman. | Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics | 0.782049 |
87,527 | }},{\text{ and }}A(\theta )=\exp(\theta )\ .} This alternative parameterization can greatly simplify calculations in mathematical statistics. For example, in Bayesian inference, a posterior probability distribution is calculated as the product of two distributions. | Natural exponential families | 0.782049 |
87,528 | In probability and statistics, a natural exponential family (NEF) is a class of probability distributions that is a special case of an exponential family (EF). | Natural exponential families | 0.782049 |
87,529 | In real algebraic geometry, Gudkov's conjecture, also called Gudkov’s congruence, (named after Dmitry Gudkov) was a conjecture, and is now a theorem, which states that an M-curve of even degree 2 d {\displaystyle 2d} obeys the congruence p − n ≡ d 2 ( mod 8 ) , {\displaystyle p-n\equiv d^{2}\,(\! {\bmod {8}}),} where p... | Gudkov's conjecture | 0.782047 |
87,530 | The PROPHET system was an early medical expert system. The system was initiated in about 1965 by a young administrator at NIH, William Raub, who had the idea to set up a collaborative communication network modeled on ARPANET, for use among biomedical investigators to share data and procedures, with a wide range of comp... | PROPHET system | 0.782044 |
87,531 | Swedish statistics and politics have used three different definitions over the years: The most dramatic change took place according to "norm 2" between 1960 and 1975 because of the Million Programme. Of the households that are regarded as overcrowded according to "norm 3", two thirds are single persons living in 1-room... | Population overcrowding | 0.782043 |
87,532 | Weed control using lasers (e.g. LaserWeeder by Carbon Robotics) Precision agriculture robots applying low amounts of herbicides and fertilizers with precision while mapping plant locations Picking robots are under development Vinobot and Vinoculer LSU's AgBot Burro, a carrying and path following robot with the potentia... | Agricultural robot | 0.782042 |
87,533 | Fruit picking robots, driverless tractor / sprayers, and sheep shearing robots are designed to replace human labor. In most cases, a lot of factors have to be considered (e.g., the size and color of the fruit to be picked) before the commencement of a task. Robots can be used for other horticultural tasks such as pruni... | Agricultural robot | 0.782042 |
87,534 | Despite these concerns, progress in this area is being made. According to Gary Wishnatzki, the co-founder of Harvest Croo Robotics, one of their strawberry pickers currently being tested in Florida can "pick a 25-acre field in just three days and replace a crew of about 30 farm workers". Similar progress is being made ... | Agricultural robot | 0.782042 |
87,535 | Presenilin possesses a 9 transmembrane domain topology, with an extracellular C-terminus and a cytosolic N-terminus. Presenilin undergoes endo-proteolytic processing to produce ~27-28 kDa N-terminal and ~16-17 kDa C-terminal fragments in humans. Furthermore, presenilin exists in the cell mainly as a heterodimer of the ... | Presenilin-1 | 0.782036 |
87,536 | The result known as the Taylor-Proudman theorem was first derived by Sydney Samuel Hough (1870-1923), a mathematician at Cambridge University, in 1897.: 506 Proudman published another derivation in 1916 and Taylor in 1917, then the effect was demonstrated experimentally by Taylor in 1923.: 648: 245 == References == | Taylor-Proudman theorem | 0.782035 |
87,537 | In fluid mechanics, the Taylor–Proudman theorem (after Geoffrey Ingram Taylor and Joseph Proudman) states that when a solid body is moved slowly within a fluid that is steadily rotated with a high angular velocity Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } , the fluid velocity will be uniform along any line parallel to the axis of rota... | Taylor-Proudman theorem | 0.782035 |
87,538 | To derive this, one needs the vector identities ∇ × ( A × B ) = A ( ∇ ⋅ B ) − ( A ⋅ ∇ ) B + ( B ⋅ ∇ ) A − B ( ∇ ⋅ A ) {\displaystyle \nabla \times (A\times B)=A(\nabla \cdot B)-(A\cdot \nabla )B+(B\cdot \nabla )A-B(\nabla \cdot A)} and ∇ × ( ∇ p ) = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla \times (\nabla p)=0\ } and ∇ × ( ∇ Φ ) = 0 {\d... | Taylor-Proudman theorem | 0.782035 |
87,539 | The Navier–Stokes equations for steady flow, with zero viscosity and a body force corresponding to the Coriolis force, are ρ ( u ⋅ ∇ ) u = F − ∇ p , {\displaystyle \rho ({\mathbf {u} }\cdot \nabla ){\mathbf {u} }={\mathbf {F} }-\nabla p,} where u {\displaystyle {\mathbf {u} }} is the fluid velocity, ρ {\displaystyle \r... | Taylor-Proudman theorem | 0.782035 |
87,540 | In India an engineering degree in Information Technology is 4 year academic program equivalent to Computer Science&Engineering because in the first year basic engineering subjects and Calculus are taught and in the succeeding years core computer science topics are taught in both B.Tech-IT and B.Tech-CSE. | Bachelor of Science in Information Technology | 0.782034 |
87,541 | Generally, software and information technology companies look for people who have strong programming skills, system analysis, and software testing skills.Many colleges teach practical skills that are crucial to becoming a software developer. As logical reasoning and critical thinking are important in becoming a softwar... | Bachelor of Science in Information Technology | 0.782034 |
87,542 | In Nepal, Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information Technology (B.Sc.CSIT ) is a four-year course of study. The Bachelor of Computer Science and Information Technology is provided by Tribhuvan University and the degree awarded is referred to as BScCSIT. | Bachelor of Science in Information Technology | 0.782034 |
87,543 | The degree is a Bachelor of Science degree with institutions conferring degrees in the fields of information technology and related fields. This degree is awarded for completing a program of study in the field of software development, software testing, software engineering, web design, databases, programming, computer ... | Bachelor of Science in Information Technology | 0.782034 |
87,544 | This degree is primarily focused on subjects such as software, databases, and networking. In general, computer science degrees tend to focus on the mathematical and theoretical foundations of computing rather than emphasizing specific technologies. | Bachelor of Science in Information Technology | 0.782034 |
87,545 | The Reber Radio Telescope is located on the grounds of the Green Bank Observatory (formerly part of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory) in rural Pocahontas County, West Virginia. It consists of a parabolic reflector composed of 72 radial rafters and covered in 26 gauge iron sheeting with a focal length of 20 feet... | Reber Radio Telescope | 0.78203 |
87,546 | It was the second radio telescope ever built (after Jansky's dipole array), and the first parabolic radio telescope, serving as a prototype for the first large dish radio telescopes such as the Green Bank Telescope and Lovell Telescope constructed after World War II. Reber was the world's only radio astronomer at the t... | Reber Radio Telescope | 0.78203 |
87,547 | The badge of the Rho Chi Society is an old-fashioned key, incorporating the Greek Letters ΡΧ in a specific configuration, raised on an oblong eight-sided base. The Greek letters, "Rho" and "Chi," were originally selected because, when placed in the relative position in which they are found on the Rho Chi Key, they are ... | Rho Chi | 0.782029 |
87,548 | A nonlocal mapping of clock matrices known as the Kramers–Wannier duality transformation can be done as follows: Then, in terms of the newly defined clock matrices with tildes, which obey the same algebraic relations as the original clock matrices, the Hamiltonian is simply H = − J g ∑ j ( Z ~ j † Z ~ j + 1 + g − 1 X ~... | Quantum clock model | 0.782028 |
87,549 | Sylvia Turrel and Michael Schmitt are the current vice-Presidents of the International Committee. EUCMOS gathered over the years (present and future) Nobel prize winners from all areas of molecular physics as plenary speakers. This starts in 1953 with Alfred Kastler in Paris (Nobel prize 1966) followed by Gerhard Herzb... | EUCMOS | 0.782025 |
87,550 | The European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy (EUCMOS) is held every two years. The first Congress in this series was held in Basel (Switzerland) in 1951. It focuses on all aspects of spectroscopic methods and techniques (including applications), as well as computational and theoretical approaches for the investigati... | EUCMOS | 0.782025 |
87,551 | Optimization: This process is intended for application to those situations that have been deemed to be justified. It means "the likelihood of incurring exposures, the number of people exposed, and the magnitude of their individual doses" should all be kept As Low As Reasonably Achievable (or Reasonably Practicable) kno... | Radiological protection | 0.782025 |
87,552 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-4-4 pentagonal honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of a pentagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere. | Order-4-4 hexagonal honeycomb | 0.782024 |
87,553 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-4-4 hexagonal honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an order-4 hexagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere. The Schläfli symbol of the octagonal til... | Order-4-4 hexagonal honeycomb | 0.782024 |
87,554 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-4-4 apeirogonal honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an order-4 apeirogonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere. The Schläfli symbol of the apeirogon... | Order-4-4 hexagonal honeycomb | 0.782024 |
87,555 | Real-time locating is affected by a variety of errors. Many of the major reasons relate to the physics of the locating system, and may not be reduced by improving the technical equipment. None or no direct responseMany RTLS systems require direct and clear line of sight visibility. For those systems, where there is no ... | Real time locating | 0.782021 |
87,556 | Not unexpectedly, soil contaminants can have significant deleterious consequences for ecosystems. There are radical soil chemistry changes which can arise from the presence of many hazardous chemicals even at low concentration of the contaminant species. These changes can manifest in the alteration of metabolism of end... | Toxic soil | 0.782019 |
87,557 | The Foundation is involved in both one-time and recurring activities in accordance to its statute. The notable actions include: publishing of peer-reviewed scientific journal Acta Astronomica of international recognition regarding astronomy and astrophysics, which is indexed in Science Citation Index financial support ... | Copernicus Foundation for Polish Astronomy | 0.782017 |
87,558 | The Copernicus Foundation for Polish Astronomy (Polish: Fundacja Astronomii Polskiej im. Mikołaja Kopernika) is a Polish scientific foundation which aim is to support Polish astronomy by: financing research, founding stipends, propagation of an astronomical knowledge in the society and activation and stimulation of the... | Copernicus Foundation for Polish Astronomy | 0.782016 |
87,559 | In contrast, "a decrease in the amount of rock fragments as depth increases, especially over saprolite, indicates that the soil materials probably has been transported down slope". Identification of residuum is relevant in soil science and geology because accurate identification conveys direct and implicit info about s... | Residuum (geology) | 0.782016 |
87,560 | Every pseudometrizable TVS is quasi-bornological. A TVS ( X , τ ) {\displaystyle (X,\tau )} in which every bornivorous set is a neighborhood of the origin is a quasi-bornological space. If X {\displaystyle X} is a quasi-bornological TVS then the finest locally convex topology on X {\displaystyle X} that is coarser than... | Mackey convergent sequence | 0.782015 |
87,561 | In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom. The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral. Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin... | Dibutyltin dilaurate | 0.782014 |
87,562 | Ontotext Graph DB is used in various scientific areas, e.g., Genetics, Healthcare, Data Forensics, Cultural Heritage, Geography, Infrastructure Planning, Civil Engineering, Digital Historiography, Oceanography.For more examples see "Diverse Uses of a Semantic Graph Database for Knowledge Organization and Research" belo... | Ontotext GraphDB | 0.782014 |
87,563 | (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene, also known as phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) is a hypervalent iodine chemical with the formula C6H5I(OCOCH3)2. It is used as an oxidizing agent in organic chemistry. | (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene | 0.782012 |
87,564 | H-back A player listed in a roster or depth chart as a fullback but with better athletic or pass-catching abilities and playing as a hybrid of a fullback and a tight end hidden yardage Yards based on the difference in starting field position between the teams and penalty yardage. These yards do not show up in the stati... | Fourth down conversion | 0.782012 |
87,565 | touchdowns responsible for A statistic that combines passing and rushing touchdowns by a player, paralleling total offense, which measures yards gained in the same two statistics. Not recognized by the NFL, but an official statistic in college football. trap A basic blocking pattern in which a defensive lineman is allo... | Fourth down conversion | 0.782012 |
87,566 | If the receiver reaches the end zone and scores a touchdown, then the yardage measurement ends at the opposing team's goal line (the zero-yard line). Under NCAA and NFHS (high school) rules, yards lost on sacks are counted in individual (and team) rushing statistics. In the NFL, sack yardage is counted as part of team ... | Fourth down conversion | 0.782012 |
87,567 | Porsche 911 model (NASTRAN model): The featured plot contains a Mesh plot of a Porsche 911 model imported from a NASTRAN bulk data file. VisIt can read a limited subset of NASTRAN bulk data files, in general enough to import model geometry for visualization. YF-17 aircraft Plot: The featured image displays plots of a C... | Volume visualization | 0.782012 |
87,568 | For the management of many fish and other wildlife populations, the goal is often to achieve the largest possible long-run sustainable harvest, also known as maximum sustainable yield (or MSY). Given a population dynamic model, such as any of the ones above, it is possible to calculate the population size that produces... | Population Ecology | 0.78201 |
87,569 | In the 1940s ecology was divided into autecology—the study of individual species in relation to the environment—and synecology—the study of groups of species in relation to the environment. The term autecology (from Ancient Greek: αὐτο, aúto, "self"; οίκος, oíkos, "household"; and λόγος, lógos, "knowledge"), refers to ... | Population Ecology | 0.78201 |
87,570 | The first journal publication of the Society of Population Ecology, titled Population Ecology (originally called Researches on Population Ecology) was released in 1952.Scientific articles on population ecology can also be found in the Journal of Animal Ecology, Oikos and other journals. | Population Ecology | 0.78201 |
87,571 | An important concept in population ecology is the r/K selection theory. For example, if an animal has the choice of producing one or a few offspring, or to put a lot of effort or little effort in offspring -- these are all examples of trade-offs. In order for species to thrive, they must choose what is best for them, l... | Population Ecology | 0.78201 |
87,572 | The development of population ecology owes much to the mathematical models known as population dynamics, which were originally formulae derived from demography at the end of the 18th and beginning of 19th century.The beginning of population dynamics is widely regarded as the work of Malthus, formulated as the Malthusia... | Population Ecology | 0.78201 |
87,573 | In metapopulation terminology there are emigrants (individuals that leave a patch) and immigrants (individuals that move into a patch). Metapopulation models examine patch dynamics over time to answer questions about spatial and demographic ecology. An important concept in metapopulation ecology is the rescue effect, w... | Population Ecology | 0.78201 |
87,574 | Populations are also studied and conceptualized through the "metapopulation" concept. The metapopulation concept was introduced in 1969: "as a population of populations which go extinct locally and recolonize. ": 105 Metapopulation ecology is a simplified model of the landscape into patches of varying levels of quality... | Population Ecology | 0.78201 |
87,575 | Population ecology is a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment, such as birth and death rates, and by immigration and emigration.The discipline is important in conservation biology, especially in the development of population viab... | Population Ecology | 0.78201 |
87,576 | On February 6, 2014, the Curiosity rover, in order to reduce wear on its wheels by avoiding rougher terrain, successfully crossed (image) the "Dingo Gap" sand dune and is now expected to travel a smoother route to Mount Sharp. On May 19, 2014, scientists announced that numerous microbes, like Tersicoccus phoenicis, may... | Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory | 0.78201 |
87,577 | Descriptive statistics, such as cell counts, means, variances, maxima, minima, cumulative values, frequencies and a number of other measures and distance computations are also often included in this generic term spatial analysis. Spatial analysis includes a large variety of statistical techniques (descriptive, explorat... | Spatial autocorrelation | 0.782009 |
87,578 | Vector-based GIS is typically related to operations such as map overlay (combining two or more maps or map layers according to predefined rules), simple buffering (identifying regions of a map within a specified distance of one or more features, such as towns, roads or rivers) and similar basic operations. This reflect... | Spatial autocorrelation | 0.782009 |
87,579 | Spatial dependency is the co-variation of properties within geographic space: characteristics at proximal locations appear to be correlated, either positively or negatively. Spatial dependency leads to the spatial autocorrelation problem in statistics since, like temporal autocorrelation, this violates standard statist... | Spatial autocorrelation | 0.782009 |
87,580 | Computer science has contributed extensively through the study of algorithms, notably in computational geometry. Mathematics continues to provide the fundamental tools for analysis and to reveal the complexity of the spatial realm, for example, with recent work on fractals and scale invariance. Scientific modelling pro... | Spatial autocorrelation | 0.782009 |
87,581 | Biology contributed through botanical studies of global plant distributions and local plant locations, ethological studies of animal movement, landscape ecological studies of vegetation blocks, ecological studies of spatial population dynamics, and the study of biogeography. Epidemiology contributed with early work on ... | Spatial autocorrelation | 0.782009 |
87,582 | In mathematics, especially in the fields of group cohomology, homological algebra and number theory, the Lyndon spectral sequence or Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence is a spectral sequence relating the group cohomology of a normal subgroup N and the quotient group G/N to the cohomology of the total group G. The spect... | Lyndon–Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence | 0.782008 |
87,583 | An example of the use of this theorem in physics is the law of conservation of mass for fluids, which states that the mass of any fluid volume must not change: Applying the Reynolds transport theorem, one can change the reference to an arbitrary (non-fluid) control volume Vc. Further assuming that the density function ... | Localization theorem | 0.782008 |
87,584 | In mathematics, particularly in integral calculus, the localization theorem allows, under certain conditions, to infer the nullity of a function given only information about its continuity and the value of its integral. Let F(x) be a real-valued function defined on some open interval Ω of the real line that is continuo... | Localization theorem | 0.782008 |
87,585 | This has proved to be of limited usefulness in that the inconsistencies were resolved by better observations, and in most cases trying to change BBN resulted in abundances that were more inconsistent with observations rather than less. The second reason for researching non-standard BBN, and largely the focus of non-sta... | Big Bang nucleosynthesis | 0.782006 |
87,586 | In addition to the standard BBN scenario there are numerous non-standard BBN scenarios. These should not be confused with non-standard cosmology: a non-standard BBN scenario assumes that the Big Bang occurred, but inserts additional physics in order to see how this affects elemental abundances. These pieces of addition... | Big Bang nucleosynthesis | 0.782006 |
87,587 | The creation of light elements during BBN was dependent on a number of parameters; among those was the neutron–proton ratio (calculable from Standard Model physics) and the baryon-photon ratio. | Big Bang nucleosynthesis | 0.782006 |
87,588 | The Handbook of Applied Cryptography defines the L-notation with a big O {\displaystyle O} around the formula presented in this article. This is not the standard definition. The big O {\displaystyle O} would suggest that the running time is an upper bound. However, for the integer factoring and discrete logarithm algor... | L-notation | 0.782003 |
87,589 | The formula above involving two parameters was introduced by Arjen Lenstra and Hendrik Lenstra in their article on "Algorithms in Number Theory". It was introduced in their analysis of a discrete logarithm algorithm of Coppersmith. This is the most commonly used form in the literature today. | L-notation | 0.782003 |
87,590 | It is defined as L n = e ( c + o ( 1 ) ) ( ln n ) α ( ln ln n ) 1 − α {\displaystyle L_{n}=e^{(c+o(1))(\ln n)^{\alpha }(\ln \ln n)^{1-\alpha }}} where c is a positive constant, and α {\displaystyle \alpha } is a constant 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 {\displaystyle 0\leq \alpha \leq 1} . L-notation is used mostly in computational n... | L-notation | 0.782003 |
87,591 | Jennifer Ouelette, the former science editor of Gizmodo, contributes science and culture coverage. Beth Mole, who has a PhD in microbiology, handles Ars' health coverage. She was formerly at Science News. | Ars Technica | 0.782002 |
87,592 | The website's 18,000-word review of Apple's first iPad described everything from the product's packaging to the specific type of integrated circuits it uses.Ars Technica is written in a less-formal tone than that found in a traditional journal. Many of the website's regular writers have postgraduate degrees, and many w... | Ars Technica | 0.782002 |
87,593 | Relayed news is still published on the website, ranging from one or two sentences to a few paragraphs.Ars Technica's features are long articles that go into great depth on their subject. For example, the site published a guide on CPU architecture in 1998 named "Understanding CPU caching and performance". An article in ... | Ars Technica | 0.782002 |
87,594 | In organic chemistry, episulfides are a class of organic compounds that contain a saturated, heterocyclic ring consisting of two carbon atoms and one sulfur atom. It is the sulfur analogue of an epoxide or aziridine. They are also known as thiiranes, olefin sulfides, thioalkylene oxides, and thiacyclopropanes. Episulfi... | Episulfide | 0.782 |
87,595 | Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years old. The technique was developed by Willard Libby and his colleagues in 1949 during his tenure as a professor at the University of Chicago. Libby estimated that the radioactivity of ... | Carbon-14 | 0.781999 |
87,596 | In SVT one does not need to go through Lorentz symmetry to obtain the Galilean one – the dispersion relations of most non-relativistic superfluids are known to obey the non-relativistic behavior at large momenta.To summarize, the fluctuations of vacuum superfluid behave like relativistic objects at "small" momenta (a.k... | Superfluid vacuum | 0.781998 |
87,597 | In the relativistic quantum field theory the physical vacuum is also assumed to be some sort of non-trivial medium to which one can associate certain energy. This is because the concept of absolutely empty space (or "mathematical vacuum") contradicts the postulates of quantum mechanics. According to QFT, even in absenc... | Superfluid vacuum | 0.781998 |
87,598 | In theoretical condensed matter physics and quantum field theory, bosonization is a mathematical procedure by which a system of interacting fermions in (1+1) dimensions can be transformed to a system of massless, non-interacting bosons. The method of bosonization was conceived independently by particle physicists Sidne... | Bosonization | 0.781997 |
87,599 | That is, one considers maps ω ω → C {\displaystyle \omega ^{\omega }\to \mathbb {C} } from Baire space to the complex plane C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } . This space of maps inherits a topology from the product topology on Baire space; for example, one may consider functions having uniform convergence. The shift map,... | Baire space (set theory) | 0.781997 |
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