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87,600 | Each closed set consists of all Baire sequences that do not pass through any node that defines its complementary open set. For any closed subset C of Baire space there is a subtree T of ω<ω such that any point x is in C if and only if x is a path through T: the subtree T consists of all initial segments of elements of ... | Baire space (set theory) | 0.781997 |
87,601 | Every open set is a countable union of such cylinder sets. By moving to a different basis for the same topology, an alternate characterization of open sets can be obtained: If a sequence of natural numbers {wi: i < n} is selected, then the set of all infinite sequences of natural numbers that have value wi at position ... | Baire space (set theory) | 0.781997 |
87,602 | The product topology used to define the Baire space can be described more concretely in terms of trees. The basic open sets of the product topology are cylinder sets, here characterized as: If any finite set of natural number coordinates I={i} is selected, and for each i a particular natural number value vi is selected... | Baire space (set theory) | 0.781997 |
87,603 | The Baire space is homeomorphic to the set of irrational numbers when they are given the subspace topology inherited from the real line. A homeomorphism between Baire space and the irrationals can be constructed using continued fractions. That is, given a sequence ( a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , ⋯ ) ∈ ω ω {\displaystyle (a_{0},a_{... | Baire space (set theory) | 0.781997 |
87,604 | The Baire space is defined to be the Cartesian product of countably infinitely many copies of the set of natural numbers, and is given the product topology (where each copy of the set of natural numbers is given the discrete topology). The Baire space is often represented using the tree of finite sequences of natural n... | Baire space (set theory) | 0.781997 |
87,605 | In set theory, the Baire space is the set of all infinite sequences of natural numbers with a certain topology. This space is commonly used in descriptive set theory, to the extent that its elements are often called "reals". It is denoted NN, ωω, by the symbol N {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}} or also ωω, not to be conf... | Baire space (set theory) | 0.781997 |
87,606 | The standard example in particle physics, for a Dirac field in (1+1) dimensions, is the equivalence between the massive Thirring model (MTM) and the quantum Sine-Gordon model. Sidney Coleman showed the Thirring model is S-dual to the sine-Gordon model. The fundamental fermions of the Thirring model correspond to the so... | Bosonization | 0.781997 |
87,607 | Spectrum management is a growing problem due to the growing number of spectrum uses. Uses include: over-the-air broadcasting, (which started in 1920); government and research uses (which include defense, public safety—maritime, air, police—resource management, transport, and radio astronomy); commercial services to the... | Licensed spectrum | 0.781997 |
87,608 | The exp ring of an infinite cyclic group such as the integers is a polynomial ring in a countable number of generators gi where g is a generator of the cyclic group. This ring (or Hopf algebra) is naturally isomorphic to the ring of symmetric functions (or the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions). Michiel Hazewinkel, N... | Exp ring | 0.781996 |
87,609 | The ring Exp(G) can be made into a commutative and cocommutative Hopf algebra as follows. The coproduct of Exp(G) is defined so that all the elements exp(gt) are group-like. The antipode is defined by making exp(–gt) the antipode of exp(gt). The counit takes all the generators gi to 0. Hoffman (1983) showed that Exp(G)... | Exp ring | 0.781996 |
87,610 | In mathematics, an exp algebra is a Hopf algebra Exp(G) constructed from an abelian group G, and is the universal ring R such that there is an exponential map from G to the group of the power series in R] with constant term 1. In other words the functor Exp from abelian groups to commutative rings is adjoint to the fun... | Exp ring | 0.781996 |
87,611 | The issue with increasing cyber security is that the more laws to protect people, the more citizens would feel threatened that their freedom is being compromised. One way to avoid making people feel threatened by all the security measures and protocols is by being as clear and straightforward as possible. Gregory Nojei... | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,612 | One type of cyber attack is a medical device hijack also known as medjack where hackers can alter the functionality of implants, and expose patient medical history. When implementing technology, it is important to check for weaknesses that can cause vulnerability to hacking.The use of technology in ethics also becomes ... | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,613 | Biotech ethics concerned with ethical dilemmas surrounding the use of biotechnologies in fields including medical research, health care, and industrial applications. Topics such as cloning ethics, e-health ethics, telemedicine ethics, genetics ethics, neuroethics, and sport and nutrition ethics fall into this category;... | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,614 | Artificial intelligence is a large range of technology that deals with building smart machines and data processing so tasks can be performed by machines that are normally completed by humans. AI may prove to be beneficial to human life, but it can also quickly become pervasive and dangerous. Changes in AI are difficult... | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,615 | Environmental technoethics: Concerning technological innovations that impact the environment and life. Nanoethics: Concerning ethical and social issues associated with developments in the alteration of matter at the level of atoms and molecules in various disciplines including computer science, engineering, and biology... | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,616 | Technoethics finds application in various areas of technology. The following key areas are mentioned in the literature: Computer ethics: Focuses on the use of technology in areas including visual technology, artificial intelligence, and robotics. | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,617 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Harries–Wong graph is a 3-regular undirected graph with 70 vertices and 105 edges.The Harries–Wong graph has chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, radius 6, diameter 6, girth 10 and is Hamiltonian. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected non-planar cubic grap... | Harries–Wong graph | 0.781995 |
87,618 | Ethics and Emerging Sciences Group W. Maurice Centre for Applied Ethics United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO Institute for Ethics in Artificial intelligence Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies Institute for Ethics in AI | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,619 | Secondly, it should operate on principles of intelligibility and fairness. It should also not be used to diminish the data rights or privacy of individuals, families, or communities. It is also believed that all citizens should have the right to be educated on artificial intelligence in order to be able to understand i... | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,620 | The advent of virtual organizations and increase in remote work has bolstered ethical problems by providing more opportunities for fraud and the production of misinformation. Concerted efforts are required to uphold ethical values in advancing new knowledge and tools within societal relations which do not exclude peopl... | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,621 | Deepfake is a form of media in which one existing image or video is replaced or altered by someone else. Altering may include acting out fake content, false advertisement, hoaxes, and financial fraud. The technology of deepfakes may also use machine learning or artificial intelligence. Deepfakes propose an ethical dile... | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,622 | For instance, discussions on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have brought about a huge concern for technology, ethics, and safety. There is also a huge question of whether or not artificial intelligence (AI) should be trusted and relied upon. These are just some examples of how the advancements in technology will... | Ethics of technology | 0.781995 |
87,623 | Due to its property of using equal weights, it can be implemented using a much simpler accumulation algorithm, which is significantly faster than using a sliding-window algorithm.Box blurs are frequently used to approximate a Gaussian blur. By the central limit theorem, repeated application of a box blur will approxima... | Box blur | 0.781995 |
87,624 | The following pseudocode implements a 3x3 box blur. The example does not handle the edges of the image, which would not fit inside the kernel, so that these areas remain unblurred. In practice, the issue is better handled by: Introducing an alpha channel to represent the absence of colors; Extending the boundary by fil... | Box blur | 0.781995 |
87,625 | We repeat the example that we began with above. Let X be a topological space. We defined O(X) to be the category whose objects are the open sets of X and whose morphisms are inclusions of open sets. Note that for an open set U and a sieve S on U, the set S(V) contains either zero or one element for every open set V. Th... | Grothendieck topology | 0.781995 |
87,626 | us admits a left adjoint us called the pullback. us need not preserve limits, even finite limits. In the same way, u sends a sieve on an object X of C to a sieve on the object uX of D. A continuous functor sends covering sieves to covering sieves. If J is the topology defined by a pretopology, and if u commutes with fi... | Grothendieck topology | 0.781995 |
87,627 | Since radio circuits inherently possess a broadcast network topology (i.e., many or all nodes are connected to the network simultaneously), one of the first technical challenges faced in the implementation of packet radio networks was a means to control access to a shared communication channel to avoid collisions of si... | Packet Radio | 0.781995 |
87,628 | There are two natural types of functors between sites. They are given by functors that are compatible with the topology in a certain sense. | Grothendieck topology | 0.781994 |
87,629 | If (C, J) and (D, K) are sites and u: C → D is a functor, then u is continuous if for every sheaf F on D with respect to the topology K, the presheaf Fu is a sheaf with respect to the topology J. Continuous functors induce functors between the corresponding topoi by sending a sheaf F to Fu. These functors are called pu... | Grothendieck topology | 0.781994 |
87,630 | A Grothendieck topology J on a category C is a collection, for each object c of C, of distinguished sieves on c, denoted by J(c) and called covering sieves of c. This selection will be subject to certain axioms, stated below. Continuing the previous example, a sieve S on an open set U in O(X) will be a covering sieve i... | Grothendieck topology | 0.781994 |
87,631 | Suppose H is a complex Hilbert space, with inner product ⟨ ⋅ , ⋅ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle \cdot ,\cdot \rangle } . Consider a continuous linear operator A: H → H (for linear operators, continuity is equivalent to being a bounded operator). Then the adjoint of A is the continuous linear operator A∗: H → H satisfying ⟨ A... | Adjoint operator | 0.781994 |
87,632 | The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry define biobased polymer as: Biobased polymer derived from the biomass or issued from monomers derived from the biomass and which, at some stage in its processing into finished products, can be shaped by flow. Note 1: Bioplastic is generally used as the opposite of p... | Drop-in bioplastic | 0.781994 |
87,633 | Some bilaterally-symmetrical entities in the heads of arthropods have been interpreted as representing nervous tissue—a brain.Otherwise it is cuticle that is most consistently present. Butterfield argues that only recalcitrant tissue (e.g. cuticle) can be preserved as a carbonaceous compression, and cellular material h... | Burgess Shale type preservation | 0.781993 |
87,634 | The chemistry of the clay particles that buried the organisms seems to have played an important role in preservation.The carbon isn't preserved in its original state, which is often chitin or collagen. Rather, it is kerogenized. This process seems to involve the incorporation of aliphatic lipid molecules. | Burgess Shale type preservation | 0.781993 |
87,635 | For a compact Hausdorff space X, let C(X) denote the Banach space of continuous real- or complex-valued functions on X, equipped with the supremum norm ‖·‖∞. Given compact Hausdorff spaces X and Y, suppose T: C(X) → C(Y) is a surjective linear isometry. Then there exists a homeomorphism φ: Y → X and a function g ∈ C(Y)... | Banach–Stone theorem | 0.781992 |
87,636 | The Banach–Stone theorem has some generalizations for vector-valued continuous functions on compact, Hausdorff topological spaces. For example, if E is a Banach space with trivial centralizer and X and Y are compact, then every linear isometry of C(X; E) onto C(Y; E) is a strong Banach–Stone map. A similar technique ha... | Banach–Stone theorem | 0.781992 |
87,637 | In mathematics, the Banach–Stone theorem is a classical result in the theory of continuous functions on topological spaces, named after the mathematicians Stefan Banach and Marshall Stone. In brief, the Banach–Stone theorem allows one to recover a compact Hausdorff space X from the Banach space structure of the space C... | Banach–Stone theorem | 0.781992 |
87,638 | School of Life Sciences and Facility Management offers master's degrees in facility management and life sciences. Bachelor's degrees are offered in biotechnology, chemistry, food technology, environmental engineering and facility management.School of Management and Law offers master's degrees in accounting and controll... | Zurich University of Applied Sciences/ZHAW | 0.781992 |
87,639 | School of Engineering offers a master's degree in engineering and bachelor's degree in aviation, computer science, electrical engineering, engineering and management with specialisations in industrial engineering and business mathematics, enterprise computing, mechanical design and engineering, mechanical engineering i... | Zurich University of Applied Sciences/ZHAW | 0.781992 |
87,640 | The Institute of Translation and Interpreting offers a bachelor's degree in translation, with specialisations in multilingual communication, multimodal communication and technical communication. It also offers a Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics, with specialisations in conference interpretation, organisational com... | Zurich University of Applied Sciences/ZHAW | 0.781992 |
87,641 | The Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW; German: Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften) located in the city of Winterthur, with facilities in Zurich and Wädenswil, is one of the largest University of Applied Sciences in Switzerland and is part of the Zürcher Fachhochschule.Currently, the university h... | Zurich University of Applied Sciences/ZHAW | 0.781992 |
87,642 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Brinkmann graph is a 4-regular graph with 21 vertices and 42 edges discovered by Gunnar Brinkmann in 1992. It was first published by Brinkmann and Meringer in 1997.It has chromatic number 4, chromatic index 5, radius 3, diameter 3 and girth 5. It is also a 3-vertex-connect... | Brinkmann graph | 0.781991 |
87,643 | It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.By Brooks’ theorem, every k-regular graph (except for odd cycles and cliques) has chromatic number at most k. It was also known since 1959 that, for every k and l there exist k-chromatic graphs with girth l. In connection with these two results and several examples including t... | Brinkmann graph | 0.781991 |
87,644 | The term "hyperbolic geometry" was introduced by Felix Klein in 1871. Klein followed an initiative of Arthur Cayley to use the transformations of projective geometry to produce isometries. The idea used a conic section or quadric to define a region, and used cross ratio to define a metric. The projective transformation... | Lobachevskian geometry | 0.781991 |
87,645 | Taurinus published results on hyperbolic trigonometry in 1826, argued that hyperbolic geometry is self consistent, but still believed in the special role of Euclidean geometry. The complete system of hyperbolic geometry was published by Lobachevsky in 1829/1830, while Bolyai discovered it independently and published in... | Lobachevskian geometry | 0.781991 |
87,646 | In the 19th century, hyperbolic geometry was explored extensively by Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, János Bolyai, Carl Friedrich Gauss and Franz Taurinus. Unlike their predecessors, who just wanted to eliminate the parallel postulate from the axioms of Euclidean geometry, these authors realized they had discovered a ne... | Lobachevskian geometry | 0.781991 |
87,647 | Four years later, as a follow-up mission to TSS-1, the TSS-1R satellite was released in latter February 1996 from the Space Shuttle Columbia on the STS-75 mission. The TSS-1R mission objective was to deploy the tether 20.7 km (12.9 mi) above the orbiter and remain there collecting data. The TSS-1R mission was to conduc... | Space tether missions | 0.78199 |
87,648 | The Tether Physics and Survivability Experiment (TiPS) was launched in 1996 as a project of the US Naval Research Laboratory; it incorporated a 4,000 meter tether. The two tethered objects were called "Ralph" and "Norton". TiPS was visible from the ground with binoculars or a telescope and was occasionally accidentally... | Space tether missions | 0.78199 |
87,649 | The sub-satellite is released from the base assisted by a spring ejection system, centrifugal force or gravity gradient effects. Tethers can be deployed for a range of applications, including electrodynamic propulsion, momentum exchange, artificial gravity, deployment of sensors or antennas etc. Tether deployment may b... | Space tether missions | 0.78199 |
87,650 | Tethered Satellite System-1 (TSS-1) was proposed by NASA and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) in the early 1970s by Mario Grossi, of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and Giuseppe Colombo, of Padua University. It was a joint NASA-Italian Space Agency project, was flown in 1992, during STS-46 aboard the Space Shu... | Space tether missions | 0.78199 |
87,651 | In each passing decade, computer systems have become increasingly more powerful and, as a result, they have become more impactful to society. Because of this, better techniques are needed to assist in the design and implementation of reliable software. Established engineering disciplines use mathematical analysis as th... | Software specification | 0.781988 |
87,652 | Formal specification techniques have existed in various domains and on various scales for quite some time. Implementations of formal specifications will differ depending on what kind of system they are attempting to model, how they are applied and at what point in the software life cycle they have been introduced. Thes... | Software specification | 0.781988 |
87,653 | The Z notation is an example of a leading formal specification language. Others include the Specification Language (VDM-SL) of the Vienna Development Method and the Abstract Machine Notation (AMN) of the B-Method. In the Web services area, formal specification is often used to describe non-functional properties (Web se... | Software specification | 0.781988 |
87,654 | The sub-fields in which the program provides includes environmental education, environmental studies, ecology, botany, resource policy, and planning. University of California, Irvine offers a doctoral specialization in Design & Behavior Research within the Department of Planning, Policy, and Design in the School of Soc... | Architectural psychology | 0.781985 |
87,655 | Lately, alongside the increased focus on climate change in society and the social sciences and the re-emergence of limits-to-growth concerns, there has been an increased focus on environmental sustainability issues within the field.This multidisciplinary paradigm has not only characterized the dynamic for which environ... | Architectural psychology | 0.781985 |
87,656 | Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences offers a Masters in Environmental psychology. The focus is on how people are affected by both physical and virtual environments, as well as how people affect nature. The program offers courses on environmental behaviour, environment and neuroscience, human factors, virtual e... | Architectural psychology | 0.781985 |
87,657 | Environmental psychology relies on interaction with other disciplines in order to approach problems with multiple perspectives. The first discipline is the category of behavioral sciences, which include: sociology, political science, anthropology, and economics. Environmental psychology also interacts with the interspe... | Architectural psychology | 0.781985 |
87,658 | Bill Mollison, developed the Environmental Psychology Unit at the University of Tasmania, and also Permaculture with David Holmgren Amos Rapoport, Distinguished Professor Emeritus Department of Architecture Leanne Rivlin, Professor of Environmental Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York Susan Saeg... | Architectural psychology | 0.781985 |
87,659 | A tessellated roof is one of the most flexible framed systems to design. The measurements and precision are complex and commonly part of a computer-aided design process of production. It is used in a honeycomb geometry form, in the biomes of the Eden Project. | Tessellated roof | 0.781984 |
87,660 | Let X be a topological space and P a set disjoint from X. Consider in X ∪ P the topology whose closed sets are of the form X ∪ Q, where Q is a subset of P, or B, where B is a closed set of X. For this reason this topology is called the closed extension topology of X plus P, with which one extends to X ∪ P the closed se... | Closed extension topology | 0.781983 |
87,661 | So X ∗ {\displaystyle X^{*}} is a compactification of X {\displaystyle X} in that case. X ∗ {\displaystyle X^{*}} is connected. If P {\displaystyle P} has a single point, X ∗ {\displaystyle X^{*}} is ultraconnected.For a set Z and a point p in Z, one obtains the excluded point topology construction by considering in Z ... | Closed extension topology | 0.781983 |
87,662 | Assuming X {\displaystyle X} and P {\displaystyle P} are not empty to avoid trivialities, here are a few general properties of the open extension topology: X {\displaystyle X} is dense in X ∗ {\displaystyle X^{*}} . If P {\displaystyle P} is finite, X ∗ {\displaystyle X^{*}} is compact. | Closed extension topology | 0.781983 |
87,663 | The closed sets in X ∗ {\displaystyle X^{*}} are { B ∪ P: X ⊂ B ∧ X ∖ B ∈ T } {\displaystyle \{B\cup P:X\subset B\land X\setminus B\in {\mathcal {T}}\}} . Note that P {\displaystyle P} is closed in X ∗ {\displaystyle X^{*}} and X {\displaystyle X} is open and dense in X ∗ {\displaystyle X^{*}} . If Y a topological spac... | Closed extension topology | 0.781983 |
87,664 | Let ( X , T ) {\displaystyle (X,{\mathcal {T}})} be a topological space and P {\displaystyle P} a set disjoint from X {\displaystyle X} . The open extension topology of T {\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}} plus P {\displaystyle P} is Let X ∗ = X ∪ P {\displaystyle X^{*}=X\cup P} . Then T ∗ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}^{*}... | Closed extension topology | 0.781983 |
87,665 | The following example using LDIF increments employeeNumber by 5: When LDAP servers are in a replicated topology, LDAP clients should consider using the post-read control to verify updates instead of a search after an update. The post-read control is designed so that applications need not issue a search request after an... | Lightweight Directory Access Protocol | 0.781982 |
87,666 | The first cable-stayed span (temporarily carrying three lanes in each direction) opened to traffic in April 2017. A second, nearly identical span opened on 29 August 2019.Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas, Texas, U.S., which opened in 2012 and spans the Trinity River. In 2012, the bridge received an Outstanding Civil... | Cable-stayed bridges | 0.781982 |
87,667 | (e.g., soft law principles).AI regulation could derive from basic principles. A 2020 Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society meta-review of existing sets of principles, such as the Asilomar Principles and the Beijing Principles, identified eight such basic principles: privacy, accountability, safety and security, t... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,668 | The regulation of artificial intelligences is the development of public sector policies and laws for promoting and regulating AI. Regulation is now generally considered necessary to both encourage AI and manage associated risks. Public administration and policy considerations generally focus on the technical and econom... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,669 | The regulation of artificial intelligence is the development of public sector policies and laws for promoting and regulating artificial intelligence (AI); it is therefore related to the broader regulation of algorithms. The regulatory and policy landscape for AI is an emerging issue in jurisdictions globally, including... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,670 | The regulation of AI in China is mainly governed by the State Council of the People's Republic of China's July 8, 2017 "A Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan" (State Council Document No. 35), in which the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council of the PRC urged the go... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,671 | Academics are concerned about the various unclear elements in the proposal - such as the broad definition of what constitutes AI - and fear unintended legal implications, especially for vulnerable groups such as patients and migrants. Artificial Intelligence Act is widely regarded as the initial and comprehensive effor... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,672 | Shortly after, the Artificial Intelligence Act was formally proposed. This includes a fine-tune of the 2020 risk-based approach. The proposal has been severely critiqued in the public debate. | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,673 | The Council of Europe (CoE) is an international organization which promotes human rights democracy and the rule of law and comprises 47 member states, including all 29 Signatories of the European Union's 2018 Declaration of Cooperation on Artificial Intelligence. The CoE has created a common legal space in which the me... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,674 | As easily observed, the Brazilian Legal Framework for Artificial Intelligence lacks binding and obligatory clauses and is rather filled with relaxed guidelines. In fact, experts emphasize that this bill may even make accountability for AI discriminatory biases even harder to achieve. Compared to the EU's proposal of ex... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,675 | On September 30, 2021, the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies approved the Brazilian Legal Framework for Artificial Intelligence, Marco Legal da Inteligência Artificial, in regulatory efforts for the development and usage of AI technologies and to further stimulate research and innovation in AI solutions aimed at ethics, cu... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,676 | As regards compliance and enforcement, the Commission considers prior conformity assessments which could include 'procedures for testing, inspection or certification' and/or 'checks of the algorithms and of the data sets used in the development phase'. A European governance structure on AI in the form of a framework fo... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,677 | The EU Commission's High Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence carries out work on Trustworthy AI, and the Commission has issued reports on the Safety and Liability Aspects of AI and on the Ethics of Automated Vehicles. In 2020 the EU Commission sought views on a proposal for AI specific legislation, and that p... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,678 | The main reason for the EU to implement regulatory reforms on AI is that AI provides a framework for regulatory changes in member states. Second, the EU is one of the largest jurisdictions in the world and plays an active role in the global regulation of digital markets.Most European Union (EU) countries have their own... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,679 | In November 2020, DIN, DKE and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy published the first edition of the "German Standardization Roadmap for Artificial Intelligence" (NRM KI) and presented it to the public at the Digital Summit of the Federal Government of Germany. NRM KI describes requierements to... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,680 | In response, some politicians expressed skepticism about the wisdom of regulating a technology that is still in development. Responding both to Musk and to February 2017 proposals by European Union lawmakers to regulate AI and robotics, Intel CEO Brian Krzanich has argued that AI is in its infancy and that it is too ea... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,681 | In June 2022, Senators Rob Portman and Gary Peters introduced the Global Catastrophic Risk Mitigation Act. The bipartisan bill "would also help counter the risk of artificial intelligence... from being abused in ways that may pose a catastrophic risk". On October 4, 2022, President Joe Biden unveiled a new AI Bill of R... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,682 | A year later, the administration called for comments on regulation in another draft of its Guidance for Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Applications.Other specific agencies working on the regulation of AI include the Food and Drug Administration, which has created pathways to regulate the incorporation of AI in m... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,683 | Steering on regulating security-related AI is provided by the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence. The Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act (S.1558) is a proposed bill that would establish a federal initiative designed to accelerate research and development on AI for, inter alia, the economic and ... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,684 | The first main report was the National Strategic Research and Development Plan for Artificial Intelligence. On August 13, 2018, Section 1051 of the Fiscal Year 2019 John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 115-232) established the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence "to consider the m... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,685 | Discussions on regulation of AI in the United States have included topics such as the timeliness of regulating AI, the nature of the federal regulatory framework to govern and promote AI, including what agency should lead, the regulatory and governing powers of that agency, and how to update regulations in the face of ... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,686 | In February 2020, the European Union published its draft strategy paper for promoting and regulating AI.At the United Nations (UN), several entities have begun to promote and discuss aspects of AI regulation and policy, including the UNICRI Centre for AI and Robotics. In partnership with INTERPOL, UNICRI's Centre issue... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,687 | Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia, the USA and the UK. The GPAI Secretariat is hosted by the OECD in Paris, France. GPAI's mandate covers four themes, two of which are supported by the International Centre of Expertise in Montréal for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, namely, responsible AI and ... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,688 | The development of a global governance board to regulate AI development was suggested at least as early as 2017. In December 2018, Canada and France announced plans for a G7-backed International Panel on Artificial Intelligence, modeled on the International Panel on Climate Change, to study the global effects of AI on ... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,689 | The federal government appointed an Advisory Council on AI in May 2019 with a focus on examining how to build on Canada's strengths to ensure that AI advancements reflect Canadian values, such as human rights, transparency and openness. The Advisory Council on AI has established a working group on extracting commercial... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,690 | The Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2017) is supported by federal funding of Can $125 million with the objectives of increasing the number of outstanding AI researchers and skilled graduates in Canada, establishing nodes of scientific excellence at the three major AI centres, developing 'global thought l... | Regulation of artificial intelligence | 0.781981 |
87,691 | A formula to determine functional derivatives for a common class of functionals can be written as the integral of a function and its derivatives. This is a generalization of the Euler–Lagrange equation: indeed, the functional derivative was introduced in physics within the derivation of the Lagrange equation of the sec... | Functional derivative | 0.78198 |
87,692 | In the calculus of variations, a field of mathematical analysis, the functional derivative (or variational derivative) relates a change in a functional (a functional in this sense is a function that acts on functions) to a change in a function on which the functional depends. In the calculus of variations, functionals ... | Functional derivative | 0.78198 |
87,693 | In probability theory, the Markov–Krein theorem gives the best upper and lower bounds on the expected values of certain functions of a random variable where only the first moments of the random variable are known. The result is named after Andrey Markov and Mark Krein.The theorem can be used to bound average response t... | Markov–Krein theorem | 0.781976 |
87,694 | Theoretical calculations have proposed that such Chern numbers can be measured for a free fermion system experimentally. It is also well known that such a Chern number can be measured (maybe indirectly) by edge states. The most important characterization of topological orders would be the underlying fractionalized exci... | Topological phase transition | 0.781975 |
87,695 | Those excitations turn out to be gauge bosons. The ends of strings are defects which correspond to another type of excitations. Those excitations are the gauge charges and can carry Fermi or fractional statistics.The condensations of other extended objects such as "membranes", "brane-nets", and fractals also lead to to... | Topological phase transition | 0.781975 |
87,696 | Landau symmetry-breaking theory is a cornerstone of condensed matter physics. It is used to define the territory of condensed matter research. The existence of topological order appears to indicate that nature is much richer than Landau symmetry-breaking theory has so far indicated. So topological order opens up a new ... | Topological phase transition | 0.781975 |
87,697 | 17 (3–4): 353–408. doi:10.1007/s10516-007-9012-1. S2CID 3909409.. R. Brown, P.J. Higgins, P. J. and R. Sivera, "Nonabelian Algebraic Topology: filtered spaces, crossed complexes, cubical homotopy groupoids" EMS Tracts in Mathematics Vol 15 (2011), A Bibliography for Categories and Algebraic Topology Applications in The... | Topological phase transition | 0.781975 |
87,698 | B419, 455 (1994): Demonstrated that non-Abelian topological orders are closely related to chiral operator product algebra (instead of conformal field theory). Non-Abelian theory. Baianu, I. C. | Topological phase transition | 0.781975 |
87,699 | B422, 476 (1994): Used chiral operator product algebra to construct the bulk wave function, characterize the topological orders and calculate the edge states for some non-Abelian FQH states. Xiao-Gang Wen and Yong-Shi Wu., Chiral operator product algebra hidden in certain FQH states (pdf),Nucl. Phys. | Topological phase transition | 0.781975 |
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