id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 21 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 124 | similarity float32 0.78 0.88 |
|---|---|---|---|
89,100 | Radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution or SRN1 in organic chemistry is a type of substitution reaction in which a certain substituent on an aromatic compound is replaced by a nucleophile through an intermediary free radical species: The substituent X is a halide and nucleophiles can be sodium amide, an alkoxide or ... | Radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution | 0.781458 |
89,101 | Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense, it is the study of how differences in information input can affect the resultant difference at the output. In the case of a block ciphe... | Differential Cryptanalysis | 0.781458 |
89,102 | This is in part why the MISTY designs use 7- and 9-bit functions in the 16-bit non-linear function. What these functions gain in immunity to differential and linear attacks, they lose to algebraic attacks. That is, they are possible to describe and solve via a SAT solver. This is in part why AES (for instance) has an a... | Differential Cryptanalysis | 0.781458 |
89,103 | Spherical aberration The difference in focal length between paraxial rays and marginal rays, proportional to the square of the objective diameter. Coma A defect by which points appear as comet-like asymmetrical patches of light with tails, which makes measurement very imprecise. Its magnitude is usually deduced from th... | Optical telescope | 0.781457 |
89,104 | The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light. For an optical system in air, it is the distance over which initially collimated rays are brought to a focus. A system with a shorter focal length has greater optical power than one with a long focal length; that ... | Optical telescope | 0.781457 |
89,105 | In mathematical representation theory, Steinberg's formula, introduced by Steinberg (1961), describes the multiplicity of an irreducible representation of a semisimple complex Lie algebra in a tensor product of two irreducible representations. It is a consequence of the Weyl character formula, and for the Lie algebra s... | Steinberg formula | 0.781453 |
89,106 | The International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project is a non-profit organization created in the late 1980s to address growing international concerns over rapid changes observed in Earth's atmosphere. It developed under joint sponsorship of the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (CACGP) o... | International Global Atmospheric Chemistry | 0.781452 |
89,107 | In addition, Rodenstock was producing Omegaron lenses for enlargers. The Ysarex and Heligon were consolidated into the Sironar line, a symmetric double-Gauss design, and the Rotelar had been dropped by the 1970s. The Geronar line was introduced as a lower-priced alternative to the Sironar in the late 1970s or early 1... | Rodenstock Photo Optics | 0.78145 |
89,108 | The basic assumption of these models is that the structure in an observed graph y {\displaystyle y} can be explained by a given vector of sufficient statistics s ( y ) {\displaystyle s(y)} which are a function of the observed network and, in some cases, nodal attributes. This way, it is possible to describe any kind of... | Exponential random graph model | 0.781447 |
89,109 | In organic chemistry, "sulfide" usually refers to the linkage C–S–C, although the term thioether is less ambiguous. For example, the thioether dimethyl sulfide is CH3–S–CH3. Polyphenylene sulfide (see below) has the empirical formula C6H4S. | Sulfide | 0.781447 |
89,110 | On a differentiable manifold, the exterior derivative extends the concept of the differential of a function to differential forms of higher degree. The exterior derivative was first described in its current form by Élie Cartan in 1899. The resulting calculus, known as exterior calculus, allows for a natural, metric-ind... | Exterior derivative | 0.781445 |
89,111 | Most vector calculus operators are special cases of, or have close relationships to, the notion of exterior differentiation. | Exterior derivative | 0.781445 |
89,112 | Because the exterior derivative d has the property that d2 = 0, it can be used as the differential (coboundary) to define de Rham cohomology on a manifold. The k-th de Rham cohomology (group) is the vector space of closed k-forms modulo the exact k-forms; as noted in the previous section, the Poincaré lemma states that... | Exterior derivative | 0.781445 |
89,113 | Staurosporine (antibiotic AM-2282 or STS) is a natural product originally isolated in 1977 from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus. It was the first of over 50 alkaloids to be isolated with this type of bis-indole chemical structure. The chemical structure of staurosporine was elucidated by X-ray analysis of a si... | Staurosporine | 0.781445 |
89,114 | Open Threat Exchange (OTX) is a crowd-sourced computer-security platform. It has more than 180,000 participants in 140 countries who share more than 19 million potential threats daily. It is free to use.Founded in 2012, OTX was created and is run by AlienVault (now AT&T Cybersecurity), a developer of commercial and ope... | Open Threat Exchange | 0.781445 |
89,115 | OTX is a big data platform that integrates natural language processing and machine learning to facilitate the collection and correlation of data from many sources, including third-party threat feeds, websites, external API and local agents. | Open Threat Exchange | 0.781445 |
89,116 | In statistics, the order of integration, denoted I(d), of a time series is a summary statistic, which reports the minimum number of differences required to obtain a covariance-stationary series. | Order of integration | 0.781445 |
89,117 | The following examples show how Fubini's theorem and Tonelli's theorem can fail if any of their hypotheses are omitted. | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,118 | The stronger versions of Fubini's theorem on a product of two unit intervals with Lebesgue measure, where the function is no longer assumed to be measurable but merely that the two iterated integrals are well defined and exist, are independent of the standard Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms of set theory. The continuum hypothe... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,119 | A variation of the example above shows that Fubini's theorem can fail for non-measurable functions even if |f| is integrable and both repeated integrals are well defined: if we take f to be 1 on E and –1 on the complement of E, then |f| is integrable on the product with integral 1, and both repeated integrals are well ... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,120 | The special case of Fubini's theorem for continuous functions on a product of closed bounded subsets of real vector spaces was known to Leonhard Euler in the 18th century. Henri Lebesgue (1904) extended this to bounded measurable functions on a product of intervals. Levi conjectured that the theorem could be extended t... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,121 | Fubini's theorem tells us that (for measurable functions on a product of σ-finite measure spaces) if the integral of the absolute value is finite, then the order of integration does not matter; if we integrate first with respect to x and then with respect to y, we get the same result as if we integrate first with respe... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,122 | Suppose that X is the unit interval with the Lebesgue measurable sets and Lebesgue measure, and Y is the unit interval with all subsets measurable and the counting measure, so that Y is not σ-finite. If f is the characteristic function of the diagonal of X×Y, then integrating f along X gives the 0 function on Y, but in... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,123 | The main extra complication in this case is that there may be more than one product measure on X×Y. Fubini's theorem continues to hold for the maximal product measure, but can fail for other product measures. For example, there is a product measure and a non-negative measurable function f for which the double integral ... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,124 | See below for an illustration of this possibility. The condition that X and Y are σ-finite is usually harmless because in practice almost all measure spaces one wishes to use Fubini's theorem for are σ-finite. Fubini's theorem has some rather technical extensions to the case when X and Y are not assumed to be σ-finite ... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,125 | Suppose X and Y are σ-finite measure spaces, and suppose that X × Y is given the product measure (which is unique as X and Y are σ-finite). Fubini's theorem states that if f is X × Y integrable, meaning that f is a measurable function and then The first two integrals are iterated integrals with respect to two measures,... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,126 | For example, one could take the σ-algebra on A×B to be that generated by the product of subsets of finite measure, rather than that generated by all products of measurable subsets, though this has the undesirable consequence that the projections from the product to its factors A and B are not measurable. Another way is... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,127 | With all elements non-negative, this does not happen in the stated example. Without the condition that the measure spaces are σ-finite it is possible for all three of these integrals to have different values. Some authors give generalizations of Tonelli's theorem to some measure spaces that are not σ-finite but these g... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,128 | Tonelli's theorem (named after Leonida Tonelli) is a successor of Fubini's theorem. The conclusion of Tonelli's theorem is identical to that of Fubini's theorem, but the assumption that | f | {\displaystyle |f|} has a finite integral is replaced by the assumption that f {\displaystyle f} is a non-negative measurable fu... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,129 | For Riemann integrals, Fubini's theorem is proven by refining the partitions along the x-axis and y-axis as to create a joint partition of the form × {\displaystyle \times } , which is a partition over X × Y {\displaystyle X\times Y} . This is used to show that the double integrals of either order are equal to the in... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,130 | This also covers the case of simple measurable functions (measurable functions taking only a finite number of values). Use the condition that the functions are measurable to prove the theorems for positive measurable functions by approximating them by simple measurable functions. This proves Tonelli's theorem. Use the ... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,131 | Proofs of the Fubini and Tonelli theorems are necessarily somewhat technical, as they have to use a hypothesis related to σ-finiteness. Most proofs involve building up to the full theorems by proving them for increasingly complicated functions with the steps as follows. Use the fact that the measure on the product is a... | Fubini theorem | 0.781444 |
89,132 | The composition of two automorphisms is again an automorphism, and the set of all automorphisms of V {\textstyle V} forms a group, the automorphism group of V {\textstyle V} which is denoted by Aut ( V ) {\textstyle \operatorname {Aut} (V)} or GL ( V ) {\textstyle \operatorname {GL} (V)} . Since the automorphisms a... | Linear operator | 0.781444 |
89,133 | A linear transformation f: V → V {\textstyle f:V\to V} is an endomorphism of V {\textstyle V} ; the set of all such endomorphisms End ( V ) {\textstyle \operatorname {End} (V)} together with addition, composition and scalar multiplication as defined above forms an associative algebra with identity element over the fi... | Linear operator | 0.781444 |
89,134 | The Ferguson reflex (also called the fetal ejection reflex) is the neuroendocrine reflex comprising the self-sustaining cycle of uterine contractions initiated by pressure at the cervix, more precisely, the internal end of cervix, or vaginal walls. It is an example of positive feedback in biology. The Ferguson reflex o... | Ferguson reflex | 0.781443 |
89,135 | Lehmer's conjecture, also known as the Lehmer's Mahler measure problem, is a problem in number theory raised by Derrick Henry Lehmer. The conjecture asserts that there is an absolute constant μ > 1 {\displaystyle \mu >1} such that every polynomial with integer coefficients P ( x ) ∈ Z {\displaystyle P(x)\in \mathbb {Z... | Elliptic Lehmer conjecture | 0.781442 |
89,136 | Typically the manufacturing processes of microfactories take advantage of digital fabrication technology such as 3D printing and CNC machines in order to accomplish this. For example, Local Motors had microfactories in Phoenix, Ariz. and Knoxville, Tenn. The company built products, like the Rally Fighter prerunner spor... | Microfactory | 0.781441 |
89,137 | The Musk Mars Desert Observatory houses a 28-centimetre (11 in) Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope, donated by Celestron. The telescope is capable of being operated remotely, and is accessible to amateur and professional astronomers via the internet. The observatory's other sponsors include Le Sueur Manufacturing Inc., which... | Mars Desert Research Station | 0.78144 |
89,138 | The crew geologist and crew biologist work together to establish and accomplish the scientific goals of the mission, which include developing the geology and biology goals for the mission as well as planning field EVAs and subsequent laboratory work to achieve those goals. Both the crew geologist and crew biologist wor... | Mars Desert Research Station | 0.78144 |
89,139 | In particle physics, lepton number (historically also called lepton charge) is a conserved quantum number representing the difference between the number of leptons and the number of antileptons in an elementary particle reaction. Lepton number is an additive quantum number, so its sum is preserved in interactions (as o... | Lepton family number | 0.781439 |
89,140 | Planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF) is a secondary distance indicator used in astronomy. It makes use of the λ5007 forbidden line found in all planetary nebula (PNe) which are members of the old stellar populations (Population II). It can be used to determine distances to both spiral and elliptical galaxies de... | Planetary nebula luminosity function | 0.781436 |
89,141 | The only simple algebra that can arise as the homomorphic image of a purely exceptional JB algebra is the Albert algebra, the 3 by 3 self-adjoint matrices over the octonions. Every JB algebra has a uniquely determined closed ideal that is purely exceptional, and such that the quotient by the ideal is a JC algebra. Shir... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,142 | Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction: If a JB algebra is isomorphic to the self-adjoint n by n matrices with coefficients in some associative unital *-algebra, then it is isometrically isomorphic to a JC algebra. The JC algebra satisfies the additional condition that (T + T*)/2 lies in the algebra whenever T is a product... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,143 | The state space is a convex set closed in the weak* topology. The extreme points are called pure states. Given a there is a pure state f such that |f(a)| = ||a||. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,144 | In finite dimensions, a JB algebra is isomorphic to a Euclidean Jordan algebra. The spectral radius on a JB algebra defines an equivalent norm also satisfying the axioms for a JB algebra. A state on a unital JB algebra is a bounded linear functional f such that f(1) = 1 and f is non-negative on the positive cone. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,145 | By the spectral theorem, they coincide with the space of squares and form a closed convex cone. If b ≥ 0, then {a,b,a} ≥ 0. A JB algebra is a formally real Jordan algebra: if a sum of squares of terms is zero, then each term is zero. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,146 | If a is a single operator in a JB algebra, the closed subalgebra generated by 1 and a is associative. It can be identified with the continuous real-valued functions on the spectrum of a, the set of real λ for which a − λ1 is not invertible. The positive elements in a unital JB algebra are those with spectrum contained ... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,147 | If a unital JB algebra is associative, then its complexification with its natural involution is a commutative C* algebra. It is therefore isomorphic to C(X) for a compact Hausdorff space X, the space of characters of the algebra. Spectral theorem. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,148 | A Jordan operator algebra is a norm-closed subspace of the space of operators on a complex Hilbert space, closed under the Jordan product a ∘ b = 1/2(ab + ba) and closed in the operator norm. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,149 | A Jordan Banach algebra is a real Jordan algebra with a norm making it a Banach space and satisfying || a ∘ b || ≤ ||a||⋅||b||. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,150 | A JW algebra is a Jordan subalgebra of the Jordan algebra of self-adjoint operators on a complex Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,151 | A JC algebra is a real subspace of the space of self-adjoint operators on a real or complex Hilbert space, closed under the operator Jordan product a ∘ b = 1/2(ab + ba) and closed in the operator norm. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,152 | A JC algebra is a norm-closed self-adjoint subspace of the space of operators on a complex Hilbert space, closed under the operator Jordan product a ∘ b = 1/2(ab + ba) and closed in the operator norm. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,153 | For the order structure on a JB algebra (defined below), any increasing net of operators bounded in norm should have a least upper bound. Normal functionals are those that are continuous on increasing bounded nets of operators. Positive normal functional are those that are non-negative on positive operators. For every ... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,154 | A JBW algebra is a JB algebra that, as a real Banach space, is the dual of a Banach space called its predual. There is an equivalent more technical definition in terms of the continuity properties of the linear functionals in the predual, called normal functionals. This is usually taken as the definition and the abstra... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,155 | A JB* algebra or Jordan C* algebra is a complex Jordan algebra with an involution a ↦ a* and a norm making it a Banach space and satisfying ||a ∘ b || ≤ ||a||⋅||b|| ||a*|| = ||a|| ||{a,a*,a}|| = ||a||3 where the Jordan triple product is defined by {a,b,c} = (a ∘ b) ∘ c + (c ∘ b) ∘ a − (a ∘ c) ∘ b. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,156 | A JB algebra is a Jordan Banach algebra satisfying ‖ a 2 ‖ = ‖ a ‖ 2 , ‖ a 2 ‖ ≤ ‖ a 2 + b 2 ‖ . {\displaystyle \displaystyle {\|a^{2}\|=\|a\|^{2},\,\,\,\|a^{2}\|\leq \|a^{2}+b^{2}\|.}} | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,157 | In a JBW algebra, the JBW algebra generated by a Jordan subalgebra coincides with its weak closure. Moreover, an extension of the Kaplansky density theorem holds: the unit ball of the subalgebra is weakly dense in the unit ball of the JBW algebra it generates. Tomita–Takesaki theory has been extended by Haagerup & Hanc... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,158 | This Banach space, its predual, is the space of normal functionals, defined as differences of positive normal functionals. These are the functionals continuous for the weak or strong topologies. As a consequence the weak and strong topologies coincide on a JBW algebra. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,159 | A JBW algebra is called a factor if its center consists of scalar operators. If A is a JB algebra, its second dual A** is a JBW algebra. The normal states are states in A* and can be identified with states on A. Moreover, A** is the JBW algebra generated by A. A JB algebra is a JBW algebra if and only if, as a real Ban... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,160 | The projections in a JBW algebra are closed under lattice operations. Thus for a family pα there is a smallest projection p such that p ≥ pα and a largest projection q such that q ≤ pα. The center of a JBW algebra M consists of all z such L(z) commutes with L(a) for a in M. It is an associative algebra and the real par... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,161 | An idempotent p in a JBW algebra M is called a projection. If p is a projection, then Q(p)M is a JBW algebra with identity p. If a is any element of a JBW algebra, the smallest weakly closed unital subalgebra it generates is associative and hence the self-adjoint part of an Abelian von Neumann algebra. In particular a ... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,162 | If f is positive so is f ∘ Q(a). The weak topology on a JW algebra M is define by the seminorms |f(a)| where f is a normal state; the strong topology is defined by the seminorms |f(a2)|1/2. The quadratic representation and Jordan product operators L(a)b = a ∘ b are continuous operators on M for both the weak and strong... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,163 | The Kaplansky density theorem holds for real unital Jordan algebras of self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space with the operator Jordan product. In particular a Jordan algebra is closed in the weak operator topology if and only if it is closed in the ultraweak operator topology. The two topologies coincide on the Jor... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,164 | The JBW factors not of Type I2 and I3 are all JW factors, i.e. can be realized as Jordan algebras of self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space closed in the weak operator topology. Every JBW factor not of Type I2 or Type I3 is isomorphic to the self-adjoint part of the fixed point algebra of a period 2 *-anti-automorph... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,165 | The H-valued inner product is given by (x,y) = Σ (yi)*xi. There is an underlying real inner product given by (x,y)R = Re (x,y). The quaternionic JBW factor of Type I∞ is thus the Jordan algebra of all self-adjoint operators on this real inner product space that commute with the action of right multiplication by H. | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,166 | The definition of JB* algebras was suggested in 1976 by Irving Kaplansky at a lecture in Edinburgh. The real part of a JB* algebra is always a JB algebra. Wright (1977) proved that conversely the complexification of every JB algebra is a JB* algebra. JB* algebras have been used extensively as a framework for studying b... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,167 | Those that can be realised using ultraweakly closed Jordan algebras of self-adjoint operators with the operator Jordan product are called JW algebras. The JBW algebras with trivial center, so-called JBW factors, are classified in terms of von Neumann factors: apart from the exceptional 27 dimensional Albert algebra and... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,168 | Those that can be realised concretely as subalgebras of self-adjoint operators on a real or complex Hilbert space with the operator Jordan product and the operator norm are called JC algebras. The axioms for complex Jordan operator algebras, first suggested by Irving Kaplansky in 1976, require an involution and are cal... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,169 | In mathematics, Jordan operator algebras are real or complex Jordan algebras with the compatible structure of a Banach space. When the coefficients are real numbers, the algebras are called Jordan Banach algebras. The theory has been extensively developed only for the subclass of JB algebras. The axioms for these algeb... | Jordan operator algebra | 0.781435 |
89,170 | One of the first uses of the term "module" or "modularity" occurs in the influential book "Modularity of Mind" by philosopher Jerry Fodor. A detailed application of this idea to the case of vision was published by Pylyshyn (1999), who argued that there is a significant part of vision that is not responsive to beliefs a... | Visual modularity | 0.781434 |
89,171 | In cognitive neuroscience, visual modularity is an organizational concept concerning how vision works. The way in which the primate visual system operates is currently under intense scientific scrutiny. One dominant thesis is that different properties of the visual world (color, motion, form and so forth) require diffe... | Visual modularity | 0.781434 |
89,172 | A consideration of psychophysics and neuropsychological data would suggest support for this. For example, psychophysics has shown that percepts for different properties are realized asynchronously. | Visual modularity | 0.781434 |
89,173 | Another consequence to the United States falling behind could be a brain drain of the best scientists and engineers in the field to other countries that are doing more advanced work.Rick Stevens testified in support of the bill during a May 22, 2013 hearing. Stevens is the Associate Laboratory Director responsible for ... | American Super Computing Leadership Act | 0.781432 |
89,174 | How did the Universe originate and what is it made of?In March 2007, a call for mission ideas was formally released, which yielded in 19 astrophysics, 12 fundamental physics and 19 Solar System mission proposals. In March 2012, ESA announced it had begun working on a series of small class (S-class) science missions. Th... | Cosmic Vision | 0.781431 |
89,175 | The initial call of ideas and concepts was launched in 2004 with a subsequent workshop held in Paris to define more fully the themes of the Vision under the broader headings of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar System Exploration and Fundamental Physics.By early 2006, the formulation for a 10-year plan based around 4 k... | Cosmic Vision | 0.781431 |
89,176 | Cosmic Vision is the third campaign of space science and space exploration missions in the Science Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). Formulated in 2005 as Cosmic Vision: Space Science for Europe 2015–2025, the campaign succeeded the Horizon 2000 Plus campaign and envisioned a number of missions in the field... | Cosmic Vision | 0.781431 |
89,177 | Originally it was intended that Large class (L-class) projects were to be carried out in collaboration with other partners and should have an ESA cost not exceeding 900 million euros. However, in April 2011 it became clear that budget pressures in the US meant that an expected collaboration with NASA on the L1 mission ... | Cosmic Vision | 0.781431 |
89,178 | Occasionally ESA makes contributions to space missions led by another space agency. These missions include: Hinode – X-ray space telescope leading by JAXA, launched in 2006; IRIS – solar space spectrograph leading by NASA, launched in 2013; Microscope – microsatellite for studying free fall leading by CNES, active in 2... | Cosmic Vision | 0.781431 |
89,179 | The mission was selected in June 2021 and will launch in 2031. The call for M5 mission proposals was announced in April 2016. In May 2018, a shortlist of three candidate missions was announced, with the other two proposals being: SPICA (SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics), a far-infrared observator... | Cosmic Vision | 0.781431 |
89,180 | After a preliminary culling of proposals in March 2015, a short list of three mission proposals selected for further study was announced on 4 June 2015. The shortlist included the following two proposals: THOR (Turbulence Heating ObserveR) which would address a fundamental problem in space plasma physics concerned with... | Cosmic Vision | 0.781431 |
89,181 | Medium class (M-class) projects are relatively stand-alone projects and have a price cap of approximately 500 million euros. The first two M-class missions, M1 and M2, were selected in October 2011. The M6 mission opportunity was cancelled in 2019 due to budgetary pressures. M1, Solar Orbiter, a heliophysics mission to... | Cosmic Vision | 0.781431 |
89,182 | A path of symplectomorphisms of a symplectic vector space may be assigned a Maslov index, named after V. P. Maslov; it will be an integer if the path is a loop, and a half-integer in general. If this path arises from trivializing the symplectic vector bundle over a periodic orbit of a Hamiltonian vector field on a symp... | Lagrangian Grassmannian | 0.78143 |
89,183 | Geology of the North Sea – Description of the current geological features and the geological history that created them Doggerland – A land mass now beneath the southern North Sea that connected Great Britain to continental Europe Eridanos (geology) – A river that flowed where the Baltic Sea is now Geology of the southe... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,184 | Climatology – The scientific study of climate, defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time Outline of climatology – Hierarchical outline list of articles related to climatology Earth science – The fields of natural science relating to the planet Earth Outline of Earth sciences – Hierarchical outline li... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,185 | Biological oceanography – The study of how organisms affect and are affected by the physics, chemistry, and geology of the oceanographic system Outline of biological oceanography Biogeography – The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time Chemical oceanography ... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,186 | Integrated Ocean Observing System Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans – Organisation Station biologique de Roscoff – A French marine biology and oceanography research and teaching centre Tsunami Society – A professional society for the research of and dissemination of knowledge about tsunamis | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,187 | Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography – A scientific society Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences – A private, non-profit center for global oceanography, ocean science education, and technology transfer. Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs – A bureau within the ... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,188 | Albatross expedition – A Swedish oceanographic expedition in 1947 and 1948 Challenger expedition – Oceanographic research expedition (1872–1876) Deepsea Challenger – Deep-diving submersible designed to reach the bottom of Challenger Deep Galathea expeditions – A series of three Danish ship-based scientific research exp... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,189 | African Journal of Marine Science – A peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all disciplines of marine science Annual Review of Marine Science – An annual peer-reviewed scientific review journal published by Annual Reviews Bulletin of Marine Science – A peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Rosenstiel Sc... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,190 | A.G. Huntsman Award for Excellence in the Marine Sciences – Medal awarded by the Royal Society of Canada Alexander Agassiz Medal – Medal awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences for an original contribution in the science of oceanography Hans Hass Award – Award in recognition of contribution made to the advance... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,191 | Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. (Full article...) | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,192 | Oceanography can be described as all of the following: The study of the physical and biological aspects of the ocean Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean', and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science and ocean science, is the scientific study of the oceans. It is an Earth s... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,193 | Ocean zones – Not mutually exclusive Abyssal zone – Deep layer of the ocean between 4000 and 9000 metres Aphotic zone – The portion of a lake or ocean where less than 1% of sunlight penetrates (zones) Bathyal zone – Part of the pelagic zone that extends from a depth of 1000 to 4000 meters (3300 to 13000 feet) below the... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,194 | Marine geology – The study of the history and structure of the ocean floor Tanya Atwater – American geophysicist and marine geologist John V. Byrne – American marine geologist and academic Peter Clift – British marine geologist and geophysicist Robert S. Dietz – American marine geologist, geophysicist and oceanographer... | Outline of oceanography | 0.78143 |
89,195 | Moving object detection is a technique used in computer vision and image processing. Multiple consecutive frames from a video are compared by various methods to determine if any moving object is detected. Moving objects detection has been used for wide range of applications like video surveillance, activity recognition... | Moving object detection | 0.78143 |
89,196 | In organic chemistry, the Ferrario–Ackermann reaction or simply the Ferrario reaction is a name reaction that allow for the generation of phenoxanthiine from diphenyl ether and sulfur in the presence of aluminum chloride catalyst. == References == | Ferrario–Ackermann reaction | 0.781428 |
89,197 | In polymer chemistry, in situ polymerization is a preparation method that occurs "in the polymerization mixture" and is used to develop polymer nanocomposites from nanoparticles. There are numerous unstable oligomers (molecules) which must be synthesized in situ (i.e. in the reaction mixture but cannot be isolated on t... | In situ polymerization | 0.781427 |
89,198 | Thus, the evaluated polynomial is a sum of the form b ( 1 ) e β ( 1 ) + b ( 2 ) e β ( 2 ) + ⋯ + b ( N ) e β ( N ) = 0 , {\displaystyle b(1)e^{\beta (1)}+b(2)e^{\beta (2)}+\cdots +b(N)e^{\beta (N)}=0,} where we already grouped the terms with the same exponent. So in the left-hand side we have distinct values β(1), ..., ... | Hermite–Lindemann theorem | 0.781423 |
89,199 | We will show that this leads to contradiction and thus prove the theorem. The proof is very similar to that of Lemma B, except that this time the choices are made over the a(i)'s: For every i ∈ {1, ..., n}, a(i) is algebraic, so it is a root of an irreducible polynomial with integer coefficients of degree d(i). Let us ... | Hermite–Lindemann theorem | 0.781423 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.