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89,000 | {\displaystyle \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }{\frac {X_{1}+\cdots +X_{n}}{n}}={\begin{cases}2/3&{\text{with probability }}1/2,\\9/10&{\text{with probability }}1/2.\end{cases}}} Rather than concentrating probability 1/2 at each of two points between 0 and 1, the "mixing distribution" can be any probability distribution su... | De Finetti's theorem | 0.781498 |
89,001 | A random variable X has a Bernoulli distribution if Pr(X = 1) = p and Pr(X = 0) = 1 − p for some p ∈ (0, 1). De Finetti's theorem states that the probability distribution of any infinite exchangeable sequence of Bernoulli random variables is a "mixture" of the probability distributions of independent and identically di... | De Finetti's theorem | 0.781498 |
89,002 | A Bayesian statistician often seeks the conditional probability distribution of a random quantity given the data. The concept of exchangeability was introduced by de Finetti. De Finetti's theorem explains a mathematical relationship between independence and exchangeability.An infinite sequence X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , … {\dis... | De Finetti's theorem | 0.781498 |
89,003 | Suppose X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , … {\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2},X_{3},\ldots } is an infinite exchangeable sequence of Bernoulli random variables. Then X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , … {\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2},X_{3},\ldots } are conditionally independent and identically distributed given the exchangeable sigma-algebra (i.e., the sigma-alg... | De Finetti's theorem | 0.781498 |
89,004 | In probability theory, de Finetti's theorem states that exchangeable observations are conditionally independent relative to some latent variable. An epistemic probability distribution could then be assigned to this variable. It is named in honor of Bruno de Finetti. For the special case of an exchangeable sequence of B... | De Finetti's theorem | 0.781498 |
89,005 | Marine mammals adaptation to deep and long duration breath-hold diving involves more efficient use of lungs that are proportionately smaller than those of terrestrial animals of similar size. The adaptations to the lungs allow more efficient extraction of oxygen from inhaled air, and a higher exchange rate of air of up... | Physiology of underwater diving | 0.781497 |
89,006 | A partial list of contributors include: Volume 1R. Morelon and George Saliba (Arabic astronomy) David A. King (astronomy in Islamic society) Edward Stewart Kennedy (mathematical geography) J. Vernet and J. Samsó (Arabic science in Andalusia) H. Grosset-Grange (Arabic nautical sciences)Volume 2A. S. Saidan (numeration a... | Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science | 0.781496 |
89,007 | The Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science is a three-volume encyclopedia covering the history of Arabic contributions to science, mathematics and technology which had a marked influence on the Middle Ages in Europe. It is written by internationally recognized experts in the field and edited by Roshdi Rashed in ... | Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science | 0.781496 |
89,008 | In software engineering, the mediator pattern defines an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interact. This pattern is considered to be a behavioral pattern due to the way it can alter the program's running behavior. In object-oriented programming, programs often consist of many classes. Business logic and co... | Mediator pattern | 0.781495 |
89,009 | In the 1992 film Sneakers, whose story is centered around extremely high-level cryptography, two lead characters have an important discussion while sitting on a Cray Y-MP. In an episode of the television dramedy Northern Exposure titled "Nothing's Perfect", a character expresses her excitement at having finally gained ... | Cray Y-MP | 0.781493 |
89,010 | Some large layered complexes are not related to mantle plumes, for example, the Skaergaard intrusion in Greenland. Here, the large magma volumes which are created by mid-ocean ridge spreading allow the accumulation of large volumes of cumulate rocks. The problem of creating space for such intrusions is easily explained... | Layered intrusion | 0.781493 |
89,011 | The bell is lowered into the water by cables from a crane, gantry or A-frame attached to a floating platform or shore structure. The bell is ballasted so as to remain upright in the water and to be negatively buoyant, so that it will sink even when full of air. Hoses, supplied by gas compressors or banks of high pressu... | Clump weight | 0.781493 |
89,012 | He has complained that papers he has submitted to peer-reviewed American Physical Society journals were rejected because they were controlled by a group of Jewish physicists led by Weinberg. Santilli has filed a number of lawsuits alleging the suppression of his scientific ideas, including a lawsuit against the magazin... | Hadronic Journal | 0.781491 |
89,013 | Ruggero Maria Santilli was born September 8, 1935) in Capracotta. He studied physics at the University of Naples and earned his PhD in physics from the University of Turin, graduating in 1965. He held various academic positions in Italy until 1967, when he took a position at University of Miami; a year later he moved t... | Hadronic Journal | 0.781491 |
89,014 | They tend to be used on fighter aircraft, such as the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, and on very high-speed aircraft including the North American X-15. Moderate aspect ratio: general-purpose wing, very widely used, for example on the Douglas DC-3 transport. High aspect ratio: long and slender wing. More efficient aerodyna... | Straight wing | 0.781491 |
89,015 | The statement of the Thomas–Yau conjecture is not completely precise, as the particular stability condition is not yet known. In the work of Thomas and Thomas–Yau, the stability condition was given in terms of the Lagrangian mean curvature flow inside the Hamiltonian isotopy class of the Lagrangian, but Joyce's reinter... | Thomas–Yau conjecture | 0.78149 |
89,016 | The conjecture is intimately related to mirror symmetry, a conjecture in string theory and mathematical physics which predicts that mirror to a symplectic manifold (which is a Calabi–Yau manifold) there should be another Calabi–Yau manifold for which the symplectic structure is interchanged with the complex structure. ... | Thomas–Yau conjecture | 0.78149 |
89,017 | In mathematics, and especially symplectic geometry, the Thomas–Yau conjecture asks for the existence of a stability condition, similar to those which appear in algebraic geometry, which guarantees the existence of a solution to the special Lagrangian equation inside a Hamiltonian isotopy class of Lagrangian submanifold... | Thomas–Yau conjecture | 0.78149 |
89,018 | In theoretical physics orientifold is a generalization of the notion of orbifold, proposed by Augusto Sagnotti in 1987. The novelty is that in the case of string theory the non-trivial element(s) of the orbifold group includes the reversal of the orientation of the string. Orientifolding therefore produces unoriented s... | Orientifold | 0.781489 |
89,019 | In the case of diffraction, the entire rainbow of colours will typically be observed as the viewing angle changes. In biology, this type of iridescence results from the formation of diffraction gratings on the surface, such as the long rows of cells in striated muscle, or the specialized abdominal scales of peacock spi... | Pearlescent coatings | 0.781489 |
89,020 | Instead of stepping down in fine-grained increments to approximate a surface, the work piece or tool is rotated to make the cutting surfaces of the tool tangent to the ideal part features. This produces an excellent surface finish with high dimensional accuracy. This process is commonly used to machine complex organic ... | Computer-Aided Manufacturing | 0.781489 |
89,021 | The -Wittig rearrangement is the transformation of an allylic ether into a homoallylic alcohol via a concerted, pericyclic process. Because the reaction is concerted, it exhibits a high degree of stereocontrol, and can be employed early in a synthetic route to establish stereochemistry. The Wittig rearrangement require... | 2,3-Wittig rearrangement | 0.781487 |
89,022 | The explicit matrix elements of the adjoint representation are given by the structure constants of the algebra. That is, let {ei} be a set of basis vectors for the algebra, with = ∑ k c i j k e k . {\displaystyle =\sum _{k}{c^{ij}}_{k}e^{k}.} | Adjoint representation | 0.781486 |
89,023 | It is a consequence of the general result relating Lie group and Lie algebra homomorphisms via the exponential map.If G is an immersely linear Lie group, then the above computation simplifies: indeed, as noted early, Ad g ( Y ) = g Y g − 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {Ad} _{g}(Y)=gYg^{-1}} and thus with g = e t X {\... | Adjoint representation | 0.781486 |
89,024 | Hence, = lim t → 0 1 t ( Ad φ t ( e ) ( Y ) − Y ) {\displaystyle =\lim _{t\to 0}{1 \over t}(\operatorname {Ad} _{\varphi _{t}(e)}(Y)-Y)} ,which is what was needed to show. Thus, a d x {\displaystyle \mathrm {ad} _{x}} coincides with the same one defined in § Adjoint representation of a Lie algebra below. Ad and ad a... | Adjoint representation | 0.781486 |
89,025 | Since Ψ g {\displaystyle \Psi _{g}} is a Lie group automorphism, Adg is a Lie algebra automorphism; i.e., an invertible linear transformation of g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} to itself that preserves the Lie bracket. Moreover, since g ↦ Ψ g {\displaystyle g\mapsto \Psi _{g}} is a group homomorphism, g ↦ Ad g {\disp... | Adjoint representation | 0.781486 |
89,026 | Caltech is no stranger to the idea of nanotechnology the ability to manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular level. Over 40 years ago, Caltech's own Richard Feynman asked, "What would happen if we could arrange the atoms one by one the way we want them?" President George W. Bush further increased funding for nanot... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,027 | The Japanese scientist called Norio Taniguchi of Tokyo University of Science was first to use the term "nano-technology" in a 1974 conference, to describe semiconductor processes such as thin film deposition and ion beam milling exhibiting characteristic control on the order of a nanometer. His definition was, "'Nano-t... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,028 | Interface and colloid science had existed for nearly a century before they became associated with nanotechnology. The first observations and size measurements of nanoparticles had been made during the first decade of the 20th century by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, winner of the 1925 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, who made a de... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,029 | In the 1980s the idea of nanotechnology as a deterministic, rather than stochastic, handling of individual atoms and molecules was conceptually explored in depth by K. Eric Drexler, who promoted the technological significance of nano-scale phenomena and devices through speeches and two influential books. In 1980, Drexl... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,030 | The scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level, was developed in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber invented the first atomic force... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,031 | The history of nanotechnology traces the development of the concepts and experimental work falling under the broad category of nanotechnology. Although nanotechnology is a relatively recent development in scientific research, the development of its central concepts happened over a longer period of time. The emergence o... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,032 | His findings are published in the monograph Nano-Hype: The Truth Behind the Nanotechnology Buzz. This study concludes that much of what is sold as “nanotechnology” is in fact a recasting of straightforward materials science, which is leading to a “nanotech industry built solely on selling nanotubes, nanowires, and the ... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,033 | The early 2000s saw the beginnings of the use of nanotechnology in commercial products, although most applications are limited to the bulk use of passive nanomaterials. Examples include titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen, cosmetics and some food products; silver nanoparticles in food packaging, ... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,034 | Shortly after, rubidium doped C60 was found to be a mid temperature (Tc = 32 K) superconductor. At a meeting of the Materials Research Society in 1992, Dr. Thomas Ebbesen (NEC) described to a spellbound audience his discovery and characterization of carbon nanotubes. This event sent those in attendance and others downw... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,035 | Fullerenes were discovered in 1985 by Harry Kroto, Richard Smalley, and Robert Curl, who together won the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Smalley's research in physical chemistry investigated formation of inorganic and semiconductor clusters using pulsed molecular beams and time of flight mass spectrometry. As a consequ... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,036 | "Why the future doesn't need us" is an article written by Bill Joy, then Chief Scientist at Sun Microsystems, in the April 2000 issue of Wired magazine. In the article, he argues that "Our most powerful 21st-century technologies — robotics, genetic engineering, and nanotech — are threatening to make humans an endangere... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,037 | The Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering's 2004 report on the implications of nanoscience and nanotechnologies was inspired by Prince Charles' concerns about nanotechnology, including molecular manufacturing. However, the report spent almost no time on molecular manufacturing. In fact, the word "Drexler" appe... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,038 | He is currently the Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology at the National Science Foundation, as well as the founding chair of the National Science and Technology Council subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology.President Bill Clinton advocated nanotechnology development. In a 21 January 2000 speech at... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,039 | The National Nanotechnology Initiative is a United States federal nanotechnology research and development program. “The NNI serves as the central point of communication, cooperation, and collaboration for all Federal agencies engaged in nanotechnology research, bringing together the expertise needed to advance this bro... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,040 | Subsequently, interest in “Plenty of Room” in the scientific literature greatly increased in the early 1990s. This is probably because the term “nanotechnology” gained serious attention just before that time, following its use by K. Eric Drexler in his 1986 book, Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, w... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,041 | The American physicist Richard Feynman lectured, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959, which is often held to have provided inspiration for the field of nanotechnology. Feynman had described a process by which the ability to manipulate individua... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,042 | Smalley also believed that Drexler's speculations about apocalyptic dangers of self-replicating machines that have been equated with "molecular assemblers" would threaten the public support for development of nanotechnology. To address the debate between Drexler and Smalley regarding molecular assemblers Chemical & Eng... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,043 | He believed these would exclude the possibility of "molecular assemblers" that worked by precision picking and placing of individual atoms. Also, Smalley argued that nearly all of modern chemistry involves reactions that take place in a solvent (usually water), because the small molecules of a solvent contribute many t... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,044 | He also believed that Drexler’s speculations about apocalyptic dangers of molecular assemblers threaten the public support for development of nanotechnology. Smalley first argued that "fat fingers" made MNT impossible. He later argued that nanomachines would have to resemble chemical enzymes more than Drexler's assembl... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,045 | Richard Smalley, best known for co-discovering the soccer ball-shaped “buckyball” molecule and a leading advocate of nanotechnology and its many applications, was an outspoken critic of the idea of molecular assemblers, as advocated by Eric Drexler. In 2001 he introduced scientific objections to them attacking the noti... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,046 | Prey is a 2002 novel by Michael Crichton which features an artificial swarm of nanorobots which develop intelligence and threaten their human inventors. The novel generated concern within the nanotechnology community that the novel could negatively affect public perception of nanotechnology by creating fear of a simila... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,047 | Drexler's vision of nanotechnology is often called "Molecular Nanotechnology" (MNT) or "molecular manufacturing." His 1991 Ph.D. work at the MIT Media Lab was the first doctoral degree on the topic of molecular nanotechnology and (after some editing) his thesis, "Molecular Machinery and Manufacturing with Applications ... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,048 | In nanoelectronics, nanoscale thickness was demonstrated in the gate oxide and thin films used in transistors as early as the 1960s, but it was not until the late 1990s that MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) with nanoscale gate length were demonstrated. Nanotechnology and nanoscience got a bo... | History of nanotechnology | 0.781486 |
89,049 | By starting with a chiral silicon of known configuration, the stereochemistry of the reaction could be determined by looking at the specific rotation of the recovered silane. Since it is known that attack by the lithium reagent proceeds with inversion, the recovered silane should be the opposite enantiomer of the start... | Brook rearrangement | 0.781486 |
89,050 | This supports a pentacoordinate silicon as part of the mechanism, as trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the silicon with one of the O or C axial and the other equatorial would explain the observed retention in configuration at the silicon center. This mechanism also proceeds with inversion at the carbon center. This ... | Brook rearrangement | 0.781486 |
89,051 | In organic chemistry the Brook rearrangement refers to any carbon to oxygen silyl migration. The rearrangement was first observed in the late 1950s by Canadian chemist Adrian Gibbs Brook (1924–2013), after which the reaction is named. These migrations can be promoted in a number of different ways, including thermally,... | Brook rearrangement | 0.781486 |
89,052 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Clebsch graph is either of two complementary graphs on 16 vertices, a 5-regular graph with 40 edges and a 10-regular graph with 80 edges. The 80-edge graph is the dimension-5 halved cube graph; it was called the Clebsch graph name by Seidel (1968) because of its relation t... | Greenwood–Gleason graph | 0.781485 |
89,053 | If the generalized Riemann hypothesis is false, then the theorem is true. Thus, the theorem is true!! (punctuation in original) Care should be taken to understand what is meant by saying the generalized Riemann hypothesis is false: one should specify exactly which class of Dirichlet series has a counterexample. | Riemann Hypothesis | 0.781485 |
89,054 | Some consequences of the RH are also consequences of its negation, and are thus theorems. In their discussion of the Hecke, Deuring, Mordell, Heilbronn theorem, Ireland & Rosen (1990, p. 359) say The method of proof here is truly amazing. If the generalized Riemann hypothesis is true, then the theorem is true. | Riemann Hypothesis | 0.781485 |
89,055 | {\displaystyle \pi (x)-\operatorname {li} (x)=O\left(x^{\beta }\log x\right).} It is already known that 1/2 ≤ β ≤ 1.Von Koch (1901) proved that the Riemann hypothesis implies the "best possible" bound for the error of the prime number theorem. A precise version of Koch's result, due to Schoenfeld (1976), says that the ... | Riemann Hypothesis | 0.781485 |
89,056 | Riemann's explicit formula for the number of primes less than a given number in terms of a sum over the zeros of the Riemann zeta function says that the magnitude of the oscillations of primes around their expected position is controlled by the real parts of the zeros of the zeta function. In particular the error term ... | Riemann Hypothesis | 0.781485 |
89,057 | When one goes from geometric dimension one, e.g. an algebraic number field, to geometric dimension two, e.g. a regular model of an elliptic curve over a number field, the two-dimensional part of the generalized Riemann hypothesis for the arithmetic zeta function of the model deals with the poles of the zeta function. I... | Riemann Hypothesis | 0.781485 |
89,058 | This is the conjecture (first stated in article 303 of Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae) that there are only finitely many imaginary quadratic fields with a given class number. One way to prove it would be to show that as the discriminant D → −∞ the class number h(D) → ∞. The following sequence of theorems involving... | Riemann Hypothesis | 0.781485 |
89,059 | The Balinski–Young theorem proved in 1980 that if an apportionment method satisfies the quota rule, it must fail to satisfy some apportionment paradox. For instance, although Largest remainder method satisfies the quota rule, it violates the Alabama paradox and the population paradox. The theorem itself is broken up in... | Quota rule | 0.781484 |
89,060 | Shapify Booths can be bought or leased by businesses worldwide. Broadway 3DBroadway is the facial recognition biometric system developed by Artec under the Artec ID brand. The device is equipped with a 3D vision system and differentiates nuanced geometry with accuracy of up to fractions of a millimeter. | Artec 3D | 0.781482 |
89,061 | 3D scanners capture the geometry of an object and produce a three-dimensional digital model. Artec's 3D scanners are structured light scanners. They operate by projecting light in a pattern, usually in the form of multiple parallel beams, onto an object. | Artec 3D | 0.781482 |
89,062 | In ancient Chinese astronomy, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Pyxidis formed part of Tianmiao, a celestial temple honouring the ancestors of the emperor, along with stars from neighbouring Antlia.The French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille first described the constellation in French as la Boussole (the Marine Compass) in 17... | Pyxis | 0.781481 |
89,063 | It has around 45% of the Sun's mass, yet only 0.15% of its luminosity. WISEPC J083641.12-185947.2 is a brown dwarf of spectral type T8p located around 72 light-years from Earth. Discovered by infrared astronomy in 2011, it has a magnitude of 18.79. | Pyxis | 0.781481 |
89,064 | SkyMapper is a fully automated 1.35 m (4.4 ft) wide-angle optical telescope at Siding Spring Observatory in northern New South Wales, Australia. It is one of the telescopes of the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics of the Australian National University (ANU). The telescope has a compact modified Cassegrain d... | SkyMapper | 0.78148 |
89,065 | In probability theory and statistics, coherence can have several different meanings. Coherence in statistics is an indication of the quality of the information, either within a single data set, or between similar but not identical data sets. Fully coherent data are logically consistent and can be reliably combined for ... | Coherence (statistics) | 0.781479 |
89,066 | The lemma can be applied to give a covering theorem in Rn. Specifically (Stein 1993, Lemma X.2.1), if Ej is a collection of Lebesgue measurable subsets of a compact set in Rn such that then there is a sequence Fj of translates such that apart from a set of measure zero. | Borel–Cantelli lemma | 0.781477 |
89,067 | A related result, sometimes called the second Borel–Cantelli lemma, is a partial converse of the first Borel–Cantelli lemma. The lemma states: If the events En are independent and the sum of the probabilities of the En diverges to infinity, then the probability that infinitely many of them occur is 1. That is: The assu... | Borel–Cantelli lemma | 0.781477 |
89,068 | }, where "i.o." stands for "infinitely often". The theorem therefore asserts that if the sum of the probabilities of the events En is finite, then the set of all outcomes that are "repeated" infinitely many times must occur with probability zero. Note that no assumption of independence is required. | Borel–Cantelli lemma | 0.781477 |
89,069 | A related result, sometimes called the second Borel–Cantelli lemma, is a partial converse of the first Borel–Cantelli lemma. The lemma states that, under certain conditions, an event will have probability of either zero or one. Accordingly, it is the best-known of a class of similar theorems, known as zero-one laws. Ot... | Borel–Cantelli lemma | 0.781477 |
89,070 | In probability theory, the Borel–Cantelli lemma is a theorem about sequences of events. In general, it is a result in measure theory. It is named after Émile Borel and Francesco Paolo Cantelli, who gave statement to the lemma in the first decades of the 20th century. | Borel–Cantelli lemma | 0.781477 |
89,071 | The variety of vetiver used in the Vetiver System does not have stolons or rhizomes and does not produce fertile seed. In some countries vetiver has been used to define property lines. The Vetiver System is a developing technology. As a soil conservation technique and, more recently, a bioengineering tool, the effectiv... | Vetiver System | 0.781475 |
89,072 | A holomorphic function f on the unit disk with f(0) = 1 has positive real part if and only if there is a probability measure μ on the unit circle such that f ( z ) = ∫ 0 2 π 1 + e − i θ z 1 − e − i θ z d μ ( θ ) . {\displaystyle f(z)=\int _{0}^{2\pi }{1+e^{-i\theta }z \over 1-e^{-i\theta }z}\,d\mu (\theta ).} This foll... | Herglotz representation theorem | 0.781475 |
89,073 | In mathematics, a positive harmonic function on the unit disc in the complex numbers is characterized as the Poisson integral of a finite positive measure on the circle. This result, the Herglotz-Riesz representation theorem, was proved independently by Gustav Herglotz and Frigyes Riesz in 1911. It can be used to give ... | Herglotz representation theorem | 0.781475 |
89,074 | Conversely if f is positive and harmonic and rn increases to 1, define f n ( z ) = f ( r n z ) . {\displaystyle f_{n}(z)=f(r_{n}z).\,} Then f n ( r e i θ ) = 1 2 π ∫ 0 2 π 1 − r 2 1 − 2 r cos ( θ − φ ) + r 2 f n ( φ ) d ϕ = ∫ 0 2 π 1 − r 2 1 − 2 r cos ( θ − φ ) + r 2 d μ n ( φ ) {\displaystyle f_{n}(re^{i\theta })=... | Herglotz representation theorem | 0.781474 |
89,075 | Lawrence received Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering degrees from Queensland University of Technology in Australia, and his PhD from the University of Queensland in Australia.He became a senior research scientist at NEC Research Institute.He was a senior research scientist at Google where he developed Goog... | Steve Lawrence (computer scientist) | 0.781473 |
89,076 | Objective signs of PEM have been found with the 2-day CPET, a test that involves taking VO2max tests on successive days. People with ME/CFS have lower performance and heart rate compared to healthy controls on the first test. On the second test, healthy people's scores stay the same or increase slightly, while people w... | Post-viral fatigue syndrome | 0.781473 |
89,077 | This is less common as clipless pedals have become the norm for cyclo-cross. Typically, the frame geometry is somewhat more relaxed than that of a road bike, not as upright in the seat tube, which allows for more stability in soft ground. Also, the wheelbase can be a bit longer, which provides a more planted feeling wh... | Cyclo-cross bicycle | 0.781473 |
89,078 | Compact geometry frames with sloping top tubes are less common than on road bicycles due to the need to carry the bicycle easily on the shoulder. Top tube (rather than bottom bracket) routed derailleur cables help combat the build-up of mud. Some specialist cyclo-cross bikes also have a higher bottom bracket to aid cle... | Cyclo-cross bicycle | 0.781473 |
89,079 | Cyclo-cross emerged as a sport in its own right in France in 1902. Cyclo-cross bicycles are similar to other bicycles, but the frame geometry is closer to a mountain bike than a road racing bicycle. | Cyclo-cross bicycle | 0.781473 |
89,080 | A cyclo-cross bike or cyclo-cross bicycle (abbreviated CX Bike or CXB) is a bicycle specifically designed for the rigors of a cyclo-cross race. Cyclo-cross bicycles roughly resemble the racing bicycles used in road racing. The major differences between the two are the frame geometry, and the wider clearances that cyclo... | Cyclo-cross bicycle | 0.781473 |
89,081 | Wheels are of the normal road racing type fitted with knobby tires (a variety of tread designs in both tubular and clincher types are available), although deeper rim profiles may be preferred for their advantages in thick mud. There are slight geometry differences between road and cyclocross bicycles; cyclo-cross bikes... | Cyclo-cross bicycle | 0.781472 |
89,082 | In mathematics, specifically convex geometry, the normal fan of a convex polytope P is a polyhedral fan that is dual to P. Normal fans have applications to polyhedral combinatorics, linear programming, tropical geometry and other areas of mathematics. | Normal fan | 0.781472 |
89,083 | A form of Poincaré duality was first stated, without proof, by Henri Poincaré in 1893. It was stated in terms of Betti numbers: The kth and ( n − k {\displaystyle n-k} )th Betti numbers of a closed (i.e., compact and without boundary) orientable n-manifold are equal. The cohomology concept was at that time about 40 yea... | Poincaré duality theorem | 0.781472 |
89,084 | In mathematics, the Poincaré duality theorem, named after Henri Poincaré, is a basic result on the structure of the homology and cohomology groups of manifolds. It states that if M is an n-dimensional oriented closed manifold (compact and without boundary), then the kth cohomology group of M is isomorphic to the ( n − ... | Poincaré duality theorem | 0.781472 |
89,085 | In organic chemistry, Markovnikov's rule or Markownikoff's rule describes the outcome of some addition reactions. The rule was formulated by Russian chemist Vladimir Markovnikov in 1870. | Markovnikov product | 0.781472 |
89,086 | Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas: systems analysis and design, software engineering, hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, data engineering, information science, information indexing and retrieval, tes... | Web engineering | 0.781472 |
89,087 | Web-based information systems and applications are pervasive and non-trivial. The prospect of Web as a platform will continue to grow and it is worth being treated specifically.However, it has been controversial, especially for people in other traditional disciplines such as software engineering, to recognize Web engin... | Web engineering | 0.781471 |
89,088 | Proponents of Web engineering supported the establishment of Web engineering as a discipline at an early stage of Web. Major arguments for Web engineering as a new discipline are: Web-based Information Systems (WIS) development process is different and unique. Web engineering is multi-disciplinary; no single discipline... | Web engineering | 0.781471 |
89,089 | At one point in the mid-1990s, according to Graham Chainey writing in The London Magazine, "Reality Checkpoint" was scratched on one side of the plinth, while on the opposite side was scrawled "The Comfortably Numb" - a reference to a song on the album The Wall by the Cambridge band Pink Floyd. For the first half of 19... | Reality Checkpoint | 0.781469 |
89,090 | The Working–Hotelling approach may give tighter or looser confidence limits compared to the Bonferroni correction. In general, for small families of statements, the Bonferroni bounds may be tighter, but when the number of estimated values increases, the Working–Hotelling procedure will yield narrower limits. This is be... | Working–Hotelling procedure | 0.781468 |
89,091 | In statistics, particularly regression analysis, the Working–Hotelling procedure, named after Holbrook Working and Harold Hotelling, is a method of simultaneous estimation in linear regression models. One of the first developments in simultaneous inference, it was devised by Working and Hotelling for the simple linear ... | Working–Hotelling procedure | 0.781468 |
89,092 | This purely histological classification included no information about cell surface markers, or genetics, and it made no distinction between T-cell lymphomas and B-cell lymphomas. It was widely accepted at the time of its publication but by 2004 was obsolete.In 1994, the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) classif... | Lymphomatous meningitis | 0.781465 |
89,093 | In mathematics, the Kubilius model relies on a clarification and extension of a finite probability space on which the behaviour of additive arithmetic functions can be modeled by sum of independent random variables.The method was introduced in Jonas Kubilius's monograph Tikimybiniai metodai skaičių teorijoje (published... | Kubilius model | 0.781464 |
89,094 | The work under consideration is the first part and deals with the history of the numeral notation and of arithmetic. The second part, we are told, is devoted to algebra and the third part contains the history of geometry, trigonometry, calculus and various other topics such as magic squares, theory of series and permut... | History of Hindu Mathematics | 0.781462 |
89,095 | The first volume titled History of Hindu Mathematics. A Source Book (Part 1: Numerical notation and arithmetic) was published in 1935 and the second volume titled History of Hindu Mathematics. A Source Book (Part 2: Algebra) was published in 1938. The planned third volume was never published. | History of Hindu Mathematics | 0.781462 |
89,096 | Monitoring and modeling of erosion processes can help people better understand the causes of soil erosion, make predictions of erosion under a range of possible conditions, and plan the implementation of preventative and restorative strategies for erosion. However, the complexity of erosion processes and the number of ... | Soil erosion | 0.781462 |
89,097 | Generally, where water erosion rates on disturbed upland areas are greatest, rills are active. Flow depths in rills are typically of the order of a few centimeters (about an inch) or less and along-channel slopes may be quite steep. This means that rills exhibit hydraulic physics very different from water flowing throu... | Soil erosion | 0.781462 |
89,098 | Lambda phage has been used heavily as a model organism, and has been a rich source for useful tools in microbial genetics, and later in molecular genetics. Uses include its application as a vector for the cloning of recombinant DNA; the use of its site-specific recombinase (int) for the shuffling of cloned DNAs by the ... | Bacteriophage lambda | 0.78146 |
89,099 | The rearward-retracting nosewheel strut on the Heinkel He 219 and the forward-retracting nose gear strut on the later Cessna Skymaster similarly rotated 90 degrees as they retracted.On most World War II single-engined fighter aircraft (and even one German heavy bomber design) with sideways retracting main gear, the mai... | Landing legs | 0.781458 |
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