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95,000 | Maya astronomy is the study of the Moon, planets, Milky Way, Sun, and astronomical phenomena by the Precolumbian Maya Civilization of Mesoamerica. The Classic Maya in particular developed some of the most accurate pre-telescope astronomy in the world, aided by their fully developed writing system and their positional n... | Mayan astronomy | 0.778916 |
95,001 | The concept of the index of a DVI is important and determines many questions of existence and uniqueness of solutions to a DVI. This concept is closely related to the concept of index for differential algebraic equations (DAE's), which is the number of times the algebraic equations of a DAE must be differentiated in or... | Differential variational inequality | 0.778916 |
95,002 | In mathematics, a differential variational inequality (DVI) is a dynamical system that incorporates ordinary differential equations and variational inequalities or complementarity problems. DVIs are useful for representing models involving both dynamics and inequality constraints. Examples of such problems include, for... | Differential variational inequality | 0.778916 |
95,003 | New Horizons made its historic flyby past Pluto and its moons on July 14, 2015 (see JHU Applied Physics website). The spacecraft's next destination will be a small Kuiper Belt object (KBO) known as 486958 Arrokoth that orbits nearly a billion miles beyond Pluto. Based on performance, data and modeling for the SiGe allo... | Application of silicon-germanium thermoelectrics in space exploration | 0.778915 |
95,004 | The most prominent application of nanotechnology in the household is self-cleaning or "easy-to-clean" surfaces on ceramics or glasses. Nanoceramic particles have improved the smoothness and heat resistance of common household equipment such as the flat iron.The first sunglasses using protective and anti-reflective ultr... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,005 | In building construction nanomaterials are widely used from self-cleaning windows to flexible solar panels to wi-fi blocking paint. The self-healing concrete, materials to block ultraviolet and infrared radiation, smog-eating coatings and light-emitting walls and ceilings are the new nanomaterials in construction. Nano... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,006 | Nanocomposites could increase or decrease gas permeability of different fillers as is needed for different products. They can also improve the mechanical and heat-resistance properties and lower the oxygen transmission rate. Research is being performed to apply nanotechnology to the detection of chemical and biological... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,007 | Bacteria identification and food quality monitoring using biosensors; intelligent, active, and smart food packaging systems; nanoencapsulation of bioactive food compounds are few examples of emerging applications of nanotechnology for the food industry. Nanotechnology can be applied in the production, processing, safet... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,008 | Nanocomposites could increase or decrease gas permeability of different fillers as is needed for different products. They can also improve the mechanical and heat-resistance properties and lower the oxygen transmission rate. Research is being performed to apply nanotechnology to the detection of chemical and biological... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,009 | A complex set of engineering and scientific challenges in the food and bioprocessing industry for manufacturing high quality and safe food through efficient and sustainable means can be solved through nanotechnology. Bacteria identification and food quality monitoring using biosensors; intelligent, active, and smart fo... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,010 | Steel is a widely available material that has a major role in the construction industry. The use of nanotechnology in steel helps to improve the physical properties of steel. Fatigue, or the structural failure of steel, is due to cyclic loading. | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,011 | New foods are among the nanotechnology-created consumer products coming onto the market at the rate of 3 to 4 per week, according to the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN), based on an inventory it has drawn up of 609 known or claimed nano-products. On PEN's list are three foods—a brand of canola cooking oil ca... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,012 | Nanotechnology may also play a role in sports such as soccer, football, and baseball. Materials for new athletic shoes may be made in order to make the shoe lighter (and the athlete faster). Baseball bats already on the market are made with carbon nanotubes that reinforce the resin, which is said to improve its perform... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,013 | Nanotechnology is impacting the field of consumer goods, several products that incorporate nanomaterials are already in a variety of items; many of which people do not even realize contain nanoparticles, products with novel functions ranging from easy-to-clean to scratch-resistant. Examples of that car bumpers are made... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,014 | Nanotechnology can improve the military’s ability to detect biological agents. By using nanotechnology, the military would be able to create sensor systems that could detect biological agents. The sensor systems are already well developed and will be one of the first forms of nanotechnology that the military will start... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,015 | There is still much research being done on this self-changing camouflage. Nanotechnology can improve thermal camouflage. Thermal camouflage helps protect soldiers from people who are using night vision technology. | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,016 | Another way nanotechnology can improve soldiers’ uniforms is by creating a better form of camouflage. Mobile pigment nanoparticles injected into the material can produce a better form of camouflage. These mobile pigment particles would be able to change the color of the uniforms depending upon the area that the soldier... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,017 | Much analysis of concrete is being done at the nano-level in order to understand its structure. Such analysis uses various techniques developed for study at that scale such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB). This has come about as a side benefit of the devel... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,018 | The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free. Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures. Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electro... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,019 | Nanotechnology is being applied to paints to obtained the coatings having self healing capabilities and corrosion protection under insulation. Since these coatings are hydrophobic and repels water from the metal pipe and can also protect metal from salt water attack.Nanoparticle based systems can provide better adhesio... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,020 | A medical surveillance system for soldiers to wear can be made using nanotechnology. This system would be able to watch over their health and stress levels. The systems would be able to react to medical situations by releasing drugs or compressing wounds as necessary. This means that if the system detected an injury th... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,021 | Most of glass in construction is on the exterior surface of buildings. So the light and heat entering the building through glass has to be prevented. The nanotechnology can provide a better solution to block light and heat coming through windows. | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,022 | TiO2 is hydrophilic (attraction to water), which can attract rain drops that then wash off the dirt particles. Thus the introduction of nanotechnology in the Glass industry, incorporates the self-cleaning property of glass.Fire-protective glass is another application of nanotechnology. This is achieved by using a clear... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,023 | Research is being carried out on the application of nanotechnology to glass, another important material in construction. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are used to coat glazing since it has sterilizing and anti-fouling properties. The particles catalyze powerful reactions that break down organic pollutants, vola... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,024 | Nanoweapon is the name given to military technology currently under development which seeks to exploit the power of nanotechnology in the modern battlefield. | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,025 | Nanotechnology represents a major opportunity for the wood industry to develop new products, substantially reduce processing costs, and open new markets for biobased materials. Wood is also composed of nanotubes or “nanofibrils”; namely, lignocellulosic (woody tissue) elements which are twice as strong as steel. Harves... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,026 | If nanotechnology is implemented in the construction of homes and infrastructure, such structures will be stronger. If buildings are stronger, then fewer of them will require reconstruction and less waste will be produced. Nanotechnology in construction involves using nanoparticles such as alumina and silica. | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,027 | Nanotechnology has the potential to make construction faster, cheaper, safer, and more varied. Automation of nanotechnology construction can allow for the creation of structures from advanced homes to massive skyscrapers much more quickly and at much lower cost. In the near future, Nanotechnology can be used to sense c... | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,028 | Lighter and stronger materials will be of immense use to aircraft manufacturers, leading to increased performance. Spacecraft will also benefit, where weight is a major factor. Nanotechnology might thus help to reduce the size of equipment and thereby decrease fuel-consumption required to get it airborne. | Industrial applications of nanotechnology | 0.778914 |
95,029 | One of the goals of the OpenBSD project is the integration of facilities and software for strong cryptography into the core operating system. To this end, a number of low-level features are provided, including a source of strong pseudo random numbers; built-in cryptographic hash functions and transforms; and support fo... | OpenBSD security features | 0.778913 |
95,030 | The OpenGL ES 3.2 specification was publicly released in August 2015. New capabilities in OpenGL ES 3.2 include: Geometry and tessellation shaders to efficiently process complex scenes on the GPU. Floating point render targets for increased flexibility in higher precision compute operations. ASTC compression to reduce ... | OpenGL ES | 0.778913 |
95,031 | OpenGL ES 3.2, incorporating the Android Extension Pack (AEP), "boasts a small number of improvements over last year’s OpenGL ES 3.1. Both make use of similar features from the AEP. From the AEP, OpenGL ES 3.2 compliant hardware will support Tessellation for additional geometry detail, new geometry shaders, ASTC textur... | OpenGL ES | 0.778913 |
95,032 | Understanding and being able to specify the surface properties on biomedical devices is critical in the biomedical industry, especially regarding devices that are implanted in the body. A material interacts with the environment at its surface, so the surface properties largely direct the interactions of the material wi... | Atomic Layer Deposition | 0.778911 |
95,033 | Thermal ALD requires temperatures ranging from room temperature (~20°C) to 350°C for ligand exchange or combustion type surface reactions. It occurs through surface reactions, which enables accurate thickness control no matter the substrate geometry (subject to aspect ratio) and reactor design.The synthesis of Al2O3 fr... | Atomic Layer Deposition | 0.778911 |
95,034 | In this way, deposition rates of 60 nm per minute could be reached. ALD is typically used to produce substrates for microelectronics and nanotechnology, and therefore, thick atomic layers are not needed. Many substrates cannot be used because of their fragility or impurity. Impurities are typically found on the 0.1–1 a... | Atomic Layer Deposition | 0.778911 |
95,035 | ALD provides a very controlled method to produce a film to an atomically specified thickness. Also, the growth of different multilayer structures is straightforward. Because of the sensitivity and precision of the equipment, it is very beneficial to those in the field of microelectronics and nanotechnology in producing... | Atomic Layer Deposition | 0.778911 |
95,036 | became ASM Microchemistry Oy as ASM's Finnish daughter company. Microchemistry Ltd/ASM Microchemistry Ltd was the only manufacturer of commercial ALD-reactors in the 1990s. In the early 2000s, the expertise on ALD reactors in Finland triggered two new manufacturers, Beneq Oy and Picosun Oy, the latter started by Sven L... | Atomic Layer Deposition | 0.778911 |
95,037 | In the 1990s, ALE development in Microchemistry was directed to semiconductor applications and ALE reactors suitable for silicon wafer processing. In 1999, Microchemistry Ltd. and the ALD technology were sold to the Dutch ASM International, a major supplier of semiconductor manufacturing equipment and Microchemistry Lt... | Atomic Layer Deposition | 0.778911 |
95,038 | Academic research on ALE started in Tampere University of Technology (where Suntola gave lectures on electron physics) in 1970s, and in 1980s at Helsinki University of Technology. TFEL display manufacturing remained until the 1990s the only industrial application of ALE. In 1987, Suntola started the development of the ... | Atomic Layer Deposition | 0.778911 |
95,039 | The principles of Molecular Layering were summarized in the doctoral thesis ("professor's thesis") of Koltsov in 1971. Research activities of molecular layering covered a broad scope, from fundamental chemistry research to applied research with porous catalysts, sorbents and fillers to microelectronics and beyond.In 19... | Atomic Layer Deposition | 0.778911 |
95,040 | Methylrhenium trioxide, also known as methyltrioxorhenium(VII), is an organometallic compound with the formula CH3−ReO3. It is a volatile, colourless solid that has been used as a catalyst in some laboratory experiments. In this compound, rhenium has a tetrahedral coordination geometry with one methyl and three oxo lig... | Methylrhenium trioxide | 0.778909 |
95,041 | In mathematics, a regular map is a symmetric tessellation of a closed surface. More precisely, a regular map is a decomposition of a two-dimensional manifold (such as a sphere, torus, or real projective plane) into topological disks such that every flag (an incident vertex-edge-face triple) can be transformed into any ... | Regular map (graph theory) | 0.778908 |
95,042 | The projection from a cylinder to a torus distorts the geometry in 3 dimensions, but can be done without distortion in 4-dimensions. In generally regular toroidal polyhedra {p,q}b,c can be defined if either p or q are even, although only euclidean ones above can exist as toroidal polyhedra in 4-dimensions. In {2p,q}, t... | Regular map (graph theory) | 0.778908 |
95,043 | Metal oxo complexes are intermediates in many metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Oxygen-atom transfer is common reaction of particular interest in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Some metal-oxos are capable of transferring their oxo ligand to organic substrates. One such example of this type of reactivity is from... | Metal oxo complex | 0.778908 |
95,044 | This steers the body of the missile to hold the target near the centerline of the antenna while the antenna is held in a fixed position. The offset angle geometry is determined by flight dynamics using missile speed, target speed, and separation distance.Techniques are nearly identical using jamming signals, optical gu... | Semi-active radar homing | 0.778906 |
95,045 | Additionally, the missile will listen rearward to the launch platform's transmitted signal as a reference, enabling it to avoid some kinds of radar jamming distractions offered by the target. The SARH system determines the closing velocity using the flight path geometry shown in Figure 1. The closing velocity is used t... | Semi-active radar homing | 0.778906 |
95,046 | Leblanc, Marc; Maisonneuve, Vincent; Tressaud, Alain (2014). "Crystal Chemistry and Selected Physical Properties of Inorganic Fluorides and Oxide-Fluorides". Chemical Reviews. 115 (2): 1191–1254. | Monofluorophosphate | 0.778905 |
95,047 | 4) P (pressure) and T (tension) DihedraThis is a concluding step of compiling all the data and check their mechanical compatibility, also could be seen a preliminary step in determining major paleostress orientations. As this is a simple graphical representation of the fault geometry (being the boundaries of dihedra) a... | Paleostress inversion | 0.778905 |
95,048 | Net slip is shown more clearly which paves the way to understanding the deformation. 3) Individual Fault GeometryFault planes are represented by lines in stereonets (equal area lower hemisphere projection), while rakes on them are indicated by dots sitting on the lines. It helps to visualize the geometrical distributio... | Paleostress inversion | 0.778905 |
95,049 | Reconstruction of paleostress requires large amount of data to attain accuracy, so it is essential to organize the data in comprehensible format prior to any analysis. 1) Fault Population GeometryAttitude of fault planes and slickensides is plotted on rose diagrams, such that the geometry is visible. This is particular... | Paleostress inversion | 0.778905 |
95,050 | The study of real, quadratic algebras shows the distinction between types of quadratic forms. The product zz* is a quadratic form for each of the complex numbers, split-complex numbers, and dual numbers. For z = x + ε y, the dual number form is x2 which is a degenerate quadratic form. The split-complex case is an isotr... | Nondegenerate bilinear form | 0.778903 |
95,051 | If f vanishes identically on all vectors it is said to be totally degenerate. Given any bilinear form f on V the set of vectors { x ∈ V ∣ f ( x , y ) = 0 for all y ∈ V } {\displaystyle \{x\in V\mid f(x,y)=0{\mbox{ for all }}y\in V\}} forms a totally degenerate subspace of V. The map f is nondegenerate if and only if th... | Nondegenerate bilinear form | 0.778903 |
95,052 | In mathematics, specifically linear algebra, a degenerate bilinear form f (x, y ) on a vector space V is a bilinear form such that the map from V to V∗ (the dual space of V ) given by v ↦ (x ↦ f (x, v )) is not an isomorphism. An equivalent definition when V is finite-dimensional is that it has a non-trivial kernel: th... | Nondegenerate bilinear form | 0.778903 |
95,053 | 1996–2011 Ragbir Bhathal, (Western Sydney University). 2009–2020 Bryan Gaensler (University of Toronto, Canada); Young Australian of the Year 1999; and former Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO). 2020-current Geraint Lewis (University of Sydney).Patrons are appointed by the Manag... | Macarthur Astronomical Society | 0.778902 |
95,054 | The Society has had the following authors of astronomy books within its ranks. The late Robert Bee (member): author of "Heavens Above - A Binocular Guide to the Southern Skies" and "Star Hopping To The Messiers". Chris Malikoff (member): Ice In Space "2009 Compendium"' Professor Bryan Gaensler (Patron): author of "Extr... | Macarthur Astronomical Society | 0.778902 |
95,055 | The monthly meetings of the Society provide a platform for professional astronomers and prominent amateur astronomers, on each third Monday (Jan.to Nov.). These meetings were renamed the Macarthur Astronomy Forum in 2011. Guest speakers have included Nobel Laureate Professor Brian Schmidt, Professor Bryan Gaensler, Aus... | Macarthur Astronomical Society | 0.778902 |
95,056 | The constitutionally adopted objectives of the Society are: (i) to foster the science of Astronomy; (ii) to organise observational field nights for the purpose of carrying out astronomical observation; (iii) to assist and give advice regarding astronomical instrumentation; and (iv) to participate in/co-operate with oth... | Macarthur Astronomical Society | 0.778902 |
95,057 | The Society instituted an annual Students Night in 2015, to encourage school children from Prairiewood High School to study the science of astronomy and report their research findings to the Society's Macarthur Astronomy Forum in December each year.During 2018, a Student Mentoring Programme was introduced to assist yea... | Macarthur Astronomical Society | 0.778902 |
95,058 | Member): author of several books, including: "Under the Southern Cross: A Brief History of Astronomy in Australia"; "Australian Astronomers: Achievements at the Frontiers of Astronomy"; "Australian Backyard Astronomy" and "Mt. Stromlo Observatory - From Bush Observatory to the Nobel Prize". Prof Geraint Lewis (Patron):... | Macarthur Astronomical Society | 0.778902 |
95,059 | On 9 December 2014, MAS won the University of Western Sydney Excellence in Partnership Award. The University awards this to recognize the many and highly valued contributions of the University's community partners. The accompanying citation reads: "The Macarthur Astronomical Society has, in partnership with the Campbel... | Macarthur Astronomical Society | 0.778902 |
95,060 | The evolving technology, and improved purity of commercially available neodymium oxide, was reflected in the appearance of neodymium glasses in collections today. Early neodymium glasses made in the 1930s have a more reddish or orange tinge than modern versions, which are more cleanly purple, because of the difficultie... | Neodymium | 0.778901 |
95,061 | However, they are not superior in every aspect, as neodymium-based magnets lose their magnetism at lower temperatures and tend to corrode, while samarium–cobalt magnets do not.Neodymium magnets appear in products such as microphones, professional loudspeakers, headphones, guitar and bass guitar pick-ups, and computer h... | Neodymium | 0.778901 |
95,062 | The Mount Fuji Radar System is a historic weather radar system located on the summit of Mount Fuji, Japan. It was completed on August 15, 1964, and is now recorded on the list of IEEE Milestones in electrical engineering. When first built, the Mount Fuji Radar System was the world's highest weather radar (elevation 3,7... | Mount Fuji Radar System | 0.778898 |
95,063 | Siltronic AG is a manufacturer of wafers made of hyperpure silicon, the basis for modern micro- and nanotechnology. The Munich-based company is one of the world's leading manufacturers of wafers for the semiconductor industry. | Siltronic | 0.778893 |
95,064 | The Kestrel Institute is a nonprofit computer science research center located in Palo Alto's Stanford Research Park. Cordell Green, who founded Kestrel in 1981, is its Director and Chief Scientist. Its mission is to make it easier to write good, high-quality software and employs computer scientists like Lambert Meerten... | Kestrel Institute | 0.778892 |
95,065 | The S-box used is derived from the multiplicative inverse over GF(28), known to have good non-linearity properties. To avoid attacks based on simple algebraic properties, the S-box is constructed by combining the inverse function with an invertible affine transformation. The S-box is also chosen to avoid any fixed poin... | AES cipher | 0.778891 |
95,066 | Such officers are typically graduates of the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and/or the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School with advanced academic degrees in aerospace engineering or similar disciplines. | Radar intercept officer | 0.778886 |
95,067 | Intuitively, a meromorphic function is a ratio of two well-behaved (holomorphic) functions. Such a function will still be well-behaved, except possibly at the points where the denominator of the fraction is zero. If the denominator has a zero at z and the numerator does not, then the value of the function will approach... | Meromorphic function | 0.778886 |
95,068 | In model checking, a field of computer science, timed propositional temporal logic (TPTL) is an extension of propositional linear temporal logic (LTL) in which variables are introduced to measure times between two events. For example, while LTL allows to state that each event p is eventually followed by an event q, TPT... | Timed propositional temporal logic | 0.778885 |
95,069 | SageGlass is electronically tintable glass for use in buildings. It incorporates nanotechnology consisting of five layers of ceramic materials, which have a total thickness that is less than 1/50th that of a human hair. When voltage is applied it darkens as lithium ions and associated electrons transfer from the count... | SAGE Electrochromics | 0.778884 |
95,070 | Radiolysis is the dissociation of molecules by ionizing radiation. It is the cleavage of one or several chemical bonds resulting from exposure to high-energy flux. The radiation in this context is associated with ionizing radiation; radiolysis is therefore distinguished from, for example, photolysis of the Cl2 molecule... | Pulse radiolysis | 0.778881 |
95,071 | WIEN2k uses an all-electronic solution, including relativistic influences Features and Calculated Properties: Calculate solid properties. Bond energy and density of states, electron density and spin density, X-ray structure factor, Bader’s "atoms in a molecule" thought, total energy, force, balance structure, structure... | WIEN2k | 0.778881 |
95,072 | The WIEN2k package is a computer program written in Fortran which performs quantum mechanical calculations on periodic solids. It uses the full-potential (linearized) augmented plane-wave and local-orbitals basis set to solve the Kohn–Sham equations of density functional theory. WIEN2k was originally developed by Pete... | WIEN2k | 0.778881 |
95,073 | As many as 10 points may be awarded for 1–100 percent roof coverage with either vegetation or highly reflective materials or both. The basis in physics of a high emittance is quite questionable, since it merely describes a material which easily radiates infrared wavelength heat to the environment, contributing to the g... | Cool roofs | 0.778875 |
95,074 | It has a relatively high boiling point. DMSO has the unusual property that many individuals perceive a garlic-like taste in the mouth after DMSO makes contact with their skin.In terms of chemical structure, the molecule has idealized Cs symmetry. It has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry consistent with other thre... | Dimethyl Sulfoxide | 0.778874 |
95,075 | DMSO is a polar aprotic solvent and is less toxic than other members of this class, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). DMSO is frequently used as a solvent for chemical reactions involving salts, most notably Finkelstein reactions and other nucleoph... | Dimethyl Sulfoxide | 0.778874 |
95,076 | Related to its ability to dissolve many salts, DMSO is a common ligand in coordination chemistry. Illustrative is the complex dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)ruthenium(II) (RuCl2(dmso)4). In this complex, three DMSO ligands are bonded to ruthenium through sulfur. The fourth DMSO is bonded through oxygen. | Dimethyl Sulfoxide | 0.778874 |
95,077 | Once the testing process is successful in the biodisk, the complex detection technique is started. There are many methods proposed by scientists in this area. The most popular method is immunoassay which is widely use in the testing of biology. | Centrifugal micro-fluidic biochip | 0.778871 |
95,078 | The centrifugal micro-fluidic biochip or centrifugal micro-fluidic biodisk is a type of lab-on-a-chip technology, also known as lab-on-a-disc, that can be used to integrate processes such as separating, mixing, reaction and detecting molecules of nano-size in a single piece of platform, including a compact disk or DVD.... | Centrifugal micro-fluidic biochip | 0.778871 |
95,079 | In mathematics, the Caristi fixed-point theorem (also known as the Caristi–Kirk fixed-point theorem) generalizes the Banach fixed-point theorem for maps of a complete metric space into itself. Caristi's fixed-point theorem modifies the ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } -variational principle of Ekeland (1974, 1979). The c... | Caristi fixed-point theorem | 0.77887 |
95,080 | In nuclear physics, the concept of a neutron cross section is used to express the likelihood of interaction between an incident neutron and a target nucleus. The neutron cross section σ can be defined as the area in cm2 for which the number of neutron-nuclei reactions taking place is equal to the product of the number ... | Neutron cross-section | 0.77887 |
95,081 | Photolithography is a process in removing select portions of thin films used in microfabrication. Microfabrication is the production of parts on the micro- and nano- scale, typically on the surface of silicon wafers, for the production of integrated circuits, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), solar cells, and othe... | Chemistry of photolithography | 0.778867 |
95,082 | The clinical definition used for BWS is limited, because no standard diagnostic criteria exist that have been independently verified with patients who have either genetic or epigenetic mutations. When molecular analyses were completed in 10 children who met a research criterion for BWS, only 7 of the 10 children had ge... | Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome | 0.778866 |
95,083 | In mathematics, the Fulton–Hansen connectedness theorem is a result from intersection theory in algebraic geometry, for the case of subvarieties of projective space with codimension large enough to make the intersection have components of dimension at least 1. It is named after William Fulton and Johan Hansen, who prov... | Fulton–Hansen connectedness theorem | 0.778865 |
95,084 | 1992, Jorge Allende (biochemistry) 1994, Humberto Maturana (neurobiology) 1996, Nibaldo Bahamonde (hydrobiology) 1998, Juan Antonio Garbarino Bacigalupo (chemistry) 2000, Mario Luxoro (biophysics) 2002, Ramón Latorre (biophysics) 2004, Pedro Labarca Prado (biophysics) 2006, Cecilia Hidalgo Tapia (biochemistry) 2008, Ni... | National Prize for Natural Sciences (Chile) | 0.778865 |
95,085 | In molecular biology, BAR domains are highly conserved protein dimerisation domains that occur in many proteins involved in membrane dynamics in a cell. The BAR domain is banana-shaped and binds to membrane via its concave face. It is capable of sensing membrane curvature by binding preferentially to curved membranes. ... | BAR domain | 0.778861 |
95,086 | PTA is involved in publishing astronomical books, as well as popular science magazine Urania - Postępy Astronomii. PTA is also a producer of a TV series Astronarium about astronomy and space. The society organizes conferences and contests. Current President of PTA is Marek Sarna and number of members is around 280. Pol... | Polish Astronomical Society | 0.778861 |
95,087 | Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used selective and differential growth medium in microbiology. It encourages the growth of a group of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others. It contains a high concentration (about 7.5–10%) of salt (NaCl) which is inhibitory to most bacteria - making MSA selectiv... | Mannitol salt agar | 0.77886 |
95,088 | In mathematics, a rational variety is an algebraic variety, over a given field K, which is birationally equivalent to a projective space of some dimension over K. This means that its function field is isomorphic to K ( U 1 , … , U d ) , {\displaystyle K(U_{1},\dots ,U_{d}),} the field of all rational functions for some... | Unirationality | 0.77886 |
95,089 | It is an active participant in the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), founded in Bonn, Germany, on 26 January 2009. IHA is a founding member of International Renewable Energy Alliance (REN Alliance), which was formed on 4 June 2004, in Bonn, Germany, by the International Geothermal Association (IGA), the In... | International Hydropower Association | 0.778859 |
95,090 | IHA acts as a voice for hydropower in international governmental and sector water, energy, and climate change forums and in the media. The organisation is drawn on as a source for statistics on hydropower for authoritative world energy and renewable energy publications such as the REN21 Global Status Reports and IIASA ... | International Hydropower Association | 0.778859 |
95,091 | The REN Alliance was established to advance the role of renewable energy systems, and continues to build influence today.IHA published its first sustainability guidelines for hydropower projects in 2004, followed by the IHA Sustainability Protocol in 2006. This work formed the basis for the Hydropower Sustainability As... | International Hydropower Association | 0.778859 |
95,092 | The International Hydropower Association (IHA) was formed under the auspices of UNESCO in 1995 as a forum to promote and disseminate good practices and further knowledge about hydropower. IHA employed its first full-time member of staff in 2001. It now consists of five departments, a central office (London), a regional... | International Hydropower Association | 0.778859 |
95,093 | The International Hydropower Association (IHA) is a non-profit, international organisation and membership association representing the global hydropower sector. IHA has members in more than 80 countries, including over 100 corporate and affiliate members working across sectors such as electricity generation, water mana... | International Hydropower Association | 0.778859 |
95,094 | Complex analysis was revolutionized by Cartan's theorems A and B in 1953. These results say that if F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is a coherent analytic sheaf on a Stein space X {\displaystyle X} , then F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is spanned by its global sections, and H i ( X , F ) = 0 {\displaystyle H^{i}(X,{... | Serre's vanishing theorem | 0.778859 |
95,095 | GAGA theorems relate algebraic varieties over the complex numbers to the corresponding analytic spaces. For a scheme X of finite type over C, there is a functor from coherent algebraic sheaves on X to coherent analytic sheaves on the associated analytic space Xan. The key GAGA theorem (by Grothendieck, generalizing Ser... | Serre's vanishing theorem | 0.778859 |
95,096 | In 1955, Serre introduced coherent sheaves into algebraic geometry (at first over an algebraically closed field, but that restriction was removed by Grothendieck). The analogs of Cartan's theorems hold in great generality: if F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is a quasi-coherent sheaf on an affine scheme X {\displaystyl... | Serre's vanishing theorem | 0.778859 |
95,097 | Note that Serre's theorem guarantees the same vanishing for large powers of L {\displaystyle L} . Kodaira vanishing and its generalizations are fundamental to the classification of algebraic varieties and the minimal model program. Kodaira vanishing fails over fields of positive characteristic. | Serre's vanishing theorem | 0.778859 |
95,098 | Serre's vanishing theorem says that for any ample line bundle L {\displaystyle L} on a proper scheme X {\displaystyle X} over a Noetherian ring, and any coherent sheaf F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} on X {\displaystyle X} , there is an integer m 0 {\displaystyle m_{0}} such that for all m ≥ m 0 {\displaystyle m\geq m... | Serre's vanishing theorem | 0.778859 |
95,099 | The left multiplication by quaternions is linear. Now consider the subspace of unit quaternions with no real component, which is isomorphic to S2. Each element of this subspace can act as the imaginary number i in a complex subalgebra of the quaternions. So, for each element of S2, we can use the corresponding imaginar... | Harmonic superspace | 0.778858 |
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