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**'Neath Austral Skies** (1913) is a lost Australian silent film directed by Raymond Longford. It was produced by A.C. Tinsdale and released on 2 December 1913 by the Commonwealth Film Producing Company and distributed by the Co-Operative Film Exchange. The film features English intertitles and was shot in Australia. |
The film is sometimes referred to as *'Neath Australian Skies* in contemporary newspaper reports. |
### Plot |
Captain Frank Hollis (Martyn Keith) is engaged to Eileen Delmont (Lottie Lyell). When her brother Eric (George Parke) commits a theft, Frank takes the blame to protect her family's reputation. He leaves for Australia and joins the New South Wales mounted police. After Eric confesses, Eileen and her father, Colonel Delm... |
### Cast |
* Lottie Lyell as Eileen Delmont |
* Robert Henry as Colonel Delmont |
* George Parke as Eric Delmont |
* Martyn Keith as Captain Frank Hollis |
* Charles Villers as Gidgee Dan |
* Mervyn Barrington as "Snowy", boundary rider |
* Walter Warr as Ah Lum, cook |
* T. Archer as Monaro Jack |
### Production |
The film opens in Surrey, England, before shifting to scenes depicting Australian station life. It features mounted troopers and bushrangers, contributing to its dramatic tone. The film was noted for its "splendid views of Sydney and of the Australian bush." It was not widely screened and is not among Raymond Longford’... |
The title references a popular 1894 poetry collection by E.B. Loughran. Longford’s name was heavily promoted in advertising, and the film was described in 1914 as "a great Australian picture production, claimed to be the greatest of all Australian photo-plays." Longford also claimed the film was denied release by "The ... |
### Reception |
The film was screened at the Melbourne Lyric Theatre in 1913. One contemporary critic praised it for its "exciting and sensational scenes, relieved with pure Australian comedy to hold the audience. The photography is very true." *The Argus* reported that a screening was "well received." |
't kofschip |
For the sailing vessel called "kofschip" in Dutch, see Koff (ship type). |
The **'t kofschip** (Dutch pronunciation: [ət ˈkɔfsxɪp], *the merchant-ship*), also known as **'t fokschaap** (*the breeding sheep*), is a mnemonic used to determine the endings of regular Dutch verbs in the past indicative and subjunctive, as well as the past participle (*voltooid deelwoord*). It should not be confuse... |
## Rule |
The rule states: |
> If the verb root of a weak verb ends in one of the consonants in ***'t kofschip***—namely ⟨t⟩, ⟨k⟩, ⟨f⟩, ⟨s⟩, ⟨ch⟩, or ⟨p⟩—the past tense ends in **-te(n)** and the past participle in **-t**. If the verb root ends in any other consonant or in a vowel, the past tense ends in **-de(n)** and the past participle in **-d*... |
Examples: |
| Infinitive | Verb root | Past tense | Past participle | |
|------------|-----------|------------|-----------------| |
| rusten "to rest" | rus**t**- | rus**tt**e(n) | gerus**t** | |
| werken "to work" | wer**k**- | wer**kt**e(n) | gewer**kt** | |
| kloppen "to knock" | klo**p**- | klo**pt**e(n) | geklo**pt** | |
| landen "to land" | lan**d**- | lan**dd**e(n) | gelan**d** | |
| legen "to empty" | lee**g**- | lee**gd**e(n) | gelee**gd** | |
| redden "to save" | re**d**- | re**dd**e(n) | gere**d** | |
| spelen "to play" | spee**l**- | spee**ld**e(n) | gespee**ld** | |
| leren "to learn/teach" | lee**r**- | lee**rd**e(n) | gelee**rd** | |
| proeven "to taste" | proe**v**- | proe**fd**e(n) | geproe**fd** | |
| blozen "to blush" | bloo**z**- | bloo**sd**e(n) | gebloo**sd** | |
| bingoën "to play bingo" | bing**oo**- | bing**od**e(n) | gebing**ood** | |
Due to Dutch spelling conventions, some forms appear unexpected. The past tense of *proeven* and *blozen* is spelled with ⟨f⟩ and ⟨s⟩, respectively, because Dutch orthography allows ⟨v⟩ and ⟨z⟩ only at the beginning of a syllable; however, the pronunciation remains /v/ and /z/. Words cannot end in a double consonant, s... |
Due to regular final-obstruent devoicing, the past participle ending is pronounced with a voiceless /t/ despite being spelled with ⟨d⟩. When the participle is inflected (e.g., with a following noun), the devoicing is reversed. For example: |
- *geland* /ɣəˈlɑnt/ → *gelande* /ɣəˈlɑndə/ |
- *geleegd* /ɣəˈleːxt/ → *geleegde* /ɣəˈleːɣdə/ |
- *geproefd* /ɣəˈpruft/ → *geproefde* /ɣəˈpruvdə/ |
## Further details |
Phonologically, the rule reflects voicing assimilation: the consonant in the past-tense ending takes on the voicing of the preceding sound. Voiceless endings (starting with ⟨t⟩) follow voiceless consonants; voiced endings (starting with ⟨d⟩) follow voiced consonants and vowels (which are always voiced). Similar pattern... |
As an educational tool, the 't kofschip rule applies primarily to native Dutch verbs with Germanic roots. It does not apply to verbs with non-native phonemes (e.g., /ʃ/, /ʒ/), foreign loanwords not fully adapted to Dutch spelling, or initialisms. In such cases, the underlying voicing of the final consonant determines t... |
Examples: |
| Infinitive | Inf. pronunc. | Verb root | Past tense | Past pronunc. | Past participle | Past ptc. pronunc. | |
|------------|----------------|-----------|------------|----------------|------------------|---------------------| |
| faxen "to fax" | /ˈfɑ**ks**ə(n)/ | fax- | faxte(n) | /ˈfɑ**kst**ə(n)/ | gefaxt | /ɣəˈfɑkst/ | |
| timen "to time" | /ˈtɑi**m**ə(n)/ | time- | timede(n) | /ˈtɑi**md**ə(n)/ | getimed | /ɣəˈtɑimt/ | |
| racen "to race" | /ˈreː**s**ə(n)/ | race- | racete(n) | /ˈreː**st**ə(n)/ | geracet | /ɣəˈreːst/ | |
| deleten "to delete" | /diˈliː**t**ə(n)/ | delete- | deletete(n) | /diˈliː**t**ə(n)/ | gedeletet | /ɣədiˈliːt/ | |
| roetsjen "to whizz" | /ˈru**tʃ**ə(n)/ | roetsj- | roetsjte(n) | /ˈru**tʃt**ə(n)/ | geroetsjt | /ɣəˈrutʃt/ | |
| crashen "to crash" | /ˈkrɛ**ʃ**ə(n)/ | crash- | crashte(n) | /ˈkrɛ**ʃt**ə(n)/ | gecrasht | /ɣəˈkrɛʃt/ | |
| managen "to manage" | /ˈmɛnə**dʒ**ə(n)/ | manage- | managede(n) | /ˈmɛnə**dʒd**ə(n)/ | gemanaged | /ɣəˈmɛnətʃt/ | |
| petanquen "to play pétanque" | /peːˈtɑŋ**k**ə(n)/ | petanque- | petanquete(n) | /peːˈtɑŋ**kt**ə(n)/ | gepetanquet | /ɣəpeːˈtɑŋkt/ | |
| sms'en "to send a text message" | /ɛsɛmˈɛ**s**ə(n)/ | sms'- | sms'te(n) | /ɛsɛmˈɛ**st**ə(n)/ | ge-sms't | /ɣə(ʔ)ɛsɛmˈɛst/ | |
| gsm'en "to phone using a mobile phone" | /ɣeːɛsˈɛ**m**ə(n)/ | gsm'- | gsm'de(n) | /ɣeːɛsˈɛ**md**ə(n)/ | ge-gsm'd | /ɣəɣeːɛsˈɛmt/ | |
| cc'en "to CC (an email)" | /seːˈseːə(n)/ | cc'- | cc'de(n) | /seːˈseːdə(n)/ | ge-cc'd | /ɣəseːˈseːt/ | |
10/9 |
**10/9** may refer to: |
* October 9 (month-day date notation) |
* September 10 (day-month date notation) |
* 10 shillings and 9 pence in UK predecimal currency |
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same number. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
**100%KPP World Tour** |
The **100%KPP World Tour** was the debut world tour by Japanese singer Kyary Pamyu Pamyu. It ran from February 9, 2013, to May 30, 2013, spanning four legs across Asia, Europe, and North America, with a total of 18 shows. A documentary film based on the tour was released in theaters in Japan in July 2013. |
### Tour dates |
| Date | City | Country | Venue | |
|------|------|---------|-------| |
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