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<p><a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/visit/visa/process/long.html" rel="noreferrer">This</a> might help or <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/visit/visa/long/visa1.html" rel="noreferrer">this.</a> Here is the crux of the information:</p>
<p>The period of stay is quoted as 3 years/1 year with the following docum... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/1 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>The algorithm for obtaining the visa is given on <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/visit/visa/process/long.html" rel="noreferrer">the first link I added</a>.
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/31niR.gif" alt="Algorithm"></p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/1 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>One of the best resources for jobs in computational chemistry (not limited to PhD level positions) is the job section of the <a href="http://www.ccl.net/chemistry/a/jobs/index.shtml" rel="nofollow">Computational Chemistry List</a>.</p>
<p>Another place where I've regularly seen relevant postings is the <a href="htt... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/2 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>If your institution has a subscription to Journal Citation Reports (JCR), you can check it there. Try this URL:</p>
<p><a href="https://jcr.clarivate.com" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://jcr.clarivate.com</a></p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/3 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>There is a list at <a href="http://www.sciencegateway.org/rank/index.html">Science Gateway</a>.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/3 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Apart from the ones already mentioned there are two excellent open access options.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.eigenfactor.org/">Eigenfactor</a> is quite authoritative, and depending on field its metrics may carry the same weight as the Reuters stuff. They also offer the ISI metric (impact factor)using the exact sam... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/3 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>However when I make my own decision on an appropriate journal to target for publishing my articles, then I use <a href="http://www.scimagojr.com/index.php">SCImago Journal & Country Rank</a>. They have a wide variety of metrics, which include upcoming ones like H-index, the traditional impact factor, and other t... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/3 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>That said, this site does not appear to have the same level of authority. So, while it is good for one to get a good feel of the quality of a journal, it doesn't carry the same authority in a formal evaluation as Eigenfactor or ISI. Plus, if I understand correctly, their database goes back only up to 1996, though th... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/3 - chunk idx 2 |
<p>This is because, in the U.S. as in many other countries (like Canada), Engineering is a regulated profession, like medicine and law. To call yourself an engineer, or to perform certain 'engineering' tasks, you need to be accredited (or registered or ..., name changes by country) to do so.</p>
<p>They care for the ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/4 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>There are 2 major theories about credentials: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capital">human capital theory</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalling_theory">signaling theory</a>. Under HCT, a license (such as a PE) shows that you have accumulated a credible amount of knowledge (you must g... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/4 - chunk idx 0 |
hurdle signals to prospective employers that the hurdle passer is the better candidate. This is because hiring a person is trying to predict future behavior/success with limited information, and many people use signals as heuristics. </p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/4 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>You will also find out that universities hire people who have degrees. A cynical view is that they have a vested interest in maintaining the supply of people who get degrees. A signalling theory viewpoint is that universities think degrees are important enough that they only hire teachers who have them. </p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/4 - chunk idx 2 |
<p>In many fields of engineering, your working career will be very short if you do not pass your PE. Civil is one such. Other engineering fields, such as Electrical (which is mine), typically have state exemptions for manufacturing, so very few EEs take their PE. When I was younger, I was quite opposed to licensure. No... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/4 - chunk idx 3 |
<p>Disclaimer: I am registered to take the PE exam this April. </p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/4 - chunk idx 4 |
<p>Not necessarily, but this is to be dealt with on a case-by-case basis. You can have an idea of which policies have been adopted by which publishers/journals by having a look at <a href="http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">the webpage of Sherpa/Romeo</a>.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/7 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>You are generally allowed to publish even in a non-open access journal even if a pre-print is on the arXiv. Most journal copyright agreements explicitly allow the authors to post the article online. Here's an example of a fairly generous one:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The ASL hereby grants to the Author the non-exclu... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/7 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>and a less generous one which still allows the author to post a copy online:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>I understand that I retain or am hereby granted (without the need to obtain further permission) rights to use certain versions of the Article for certain
scholarly purposes, as described and defined below (“Retaine... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/7 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>So, for most journals, the answer is that you're allowed to post the article online because it's specifically allowed by the document they ask you to sign. But it is possible that posting on the arxiv will rule out particular journals that have more restrictive policies.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/7 - chunk idx 2 |
<p>The Ingelfinger rule is generally disregarded now by scientific publishers. F1000 has done a lot of research into this for their poster repository. Of the few notable publishers who do suggest they do not allow preprints, blood was singled out as apparently they said they wouldn't allow it but appeared to have no wa... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/7 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>You should ask senior people in your field, or look at the polies and publishing agreements of journals you care about.</p>
<p>In math, every major journal will accept submissions of papers that have previously been posted to the arXiv. (I'm pretty sure that <em>every</em> journal will, but I suppose I can't rule ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/7 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>But keep in mind that this may vary between fields. For example, my understanding is that the American Chemical Society has particularly draconian copyright and dissemination policies, and that they may object to arXiv posting. They are on the wrong side of history, but it doesn't mean they can't still cause troub... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/7 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>A standard workaround is that you post a draft of your paper on the arxiv and assign the copyright in the final version to the journal. You can't update the arxiv with your final version, but the journal publishers will only be able to enforce their copyright on those parts of the final version which are not already... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/7 - chunk idx 0 |
<p><a href="https://academia.stackexchange.com/a/10/12">This answer to a related question</a> points to <a href="http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/</a>, which allows you to look up the policy of specific journals.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/8 - chunk idx 0 |
<p><a href="http://www.doaj.org/">Directory of open access journals</a> is the most comprehensive listing for the open access ones, so if you find a journal there, it's open. If not, then you need further research. Though usually clicking on an article link should be sufficient.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/8 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Although just a start, we had a "journal club" over at the stats.se site on such bibliometrics, and had a chat over this particular article;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Arnold, Douglas N. & Kristine K. Fowler. 2011. Nefarious Numbers.
<em>Notices of the AMS</em> 58(3): 434-437. <a href="http://www.ams.org/notices/2... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/13 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>As far as scientific assessments the authors in the above article are pretty negative of such rankings, and give a few examples of editors having citation practices that intentionally inflate their journals rankings.</p>
<p>I'm sure more literature on the topic exists than this though (so I look forward to any othe... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/13 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>Johan Bollen and Herbert van de Sompels are two researchers to follow in this area. Bollen did an <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/research/principal-component-analysis-39-scientific-impact-measures/">analysis of 39 different citation-based metrics</a> which is a good place to start. However, it's crucial to note th... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/13 - chunk idx 0 |
<ul>
<li>Different fields have different citation practices. In biology it's common to have 10 or more authors on one paper, whereas in math you often have only one or two.</li>
<li>Citations take a long time to accumulate, penalizing early-stage researchers.</li>
<li>Citations only tell part of the story, leaving out ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/13 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>It's now possible to get more information about a paper than just who cited it, and it's possible to get this information before several years have passed and before the information about the impact of the paper becomes old and less useful. The <a href="http://alm.plos.org">Public Library of Science</a> makes detail... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/13 - chunk idx 2 |
<p>You will find details on the evaluation process in the Guide for Applicants. The evaluators are experts (=researchers) in the field. They will be matched to the proposal according to their profile and to the abstract and keywords. They will for sure be in the general research area, but might not be in the exact same... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/14 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>May I ask why you chose an MSc instead of a PhD? What is your career goal? I don't mean to imply one is better than the other. If you are going to spend a lot of money and time, it should be well-spent. </p>
<p>In some places, like the UK, not much more time is needed to get a PhD beyond an MSc. In the U.S., PhD's ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/18 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>For either an MSc or PHD I suggest looking at the career paths of former graduates of that lab. This is something I wish someone had told me when I entered <em>my</em> lab. <strong>The charisma of the lab boss or excellence of the equipment are meaningless if, after 2-3 years, you can't move on as you hoped.</strong... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/18 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>As you are presumably pursuing this degree so you can eventually work in industry, I would consider the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Find out which programs are more highly regarded in industry.</li>
<li>Consider the success rates of each university in helping their graduates find employment; this can vary significantly... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/18 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>I published a book myself, and know many collegues who published books, and the academic institution never claimed any part from the royalties. This is for sure the case in Germany, Hungary, Austria and Italy.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/21 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>In general, no. (This is based on my experience in the US.) One's employing institution does not have any claim on royalties from books written while a student or faculty member. However, it's possible that there might be exceptions: for example, sometimes a university may help financially in the publication of a bo... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/21 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>There have been cases where universities have tried to assert very broad rights over the intellectual property of their faculty employees (e.g., lecture notes as well as books, etc), but I think these have generally failed. It does still happen: <a href="http://chronicle.com/article/Faculty-Cry-Foul-Over/130800/?key... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/21 - chunk idx 1 |
at stake, where the university's investment (in laboratory space and so on) is much higher, and where university claims on income from work done while employed are strongly and successfully asserted. Books, not so much.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/21 - chunk idx 2 |
<p>Perhaps you should check with your own institution as some universities (at least in the UK) have a policy on this issue. Also your employment contract might already cover this. For example, in several UK universities the copyright of course notes and lecture notes lecturers create often belong to the institution, n... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/21 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>I have no idea how you'd find hard data on the program itself and its results, but as an idle musing I checked how many full time faculty members in the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health's Dept. of Epidemiology held an MD/PhD or DrPH. The department was chosen as a very good department in a very good school with... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Of course, this is only a very crude proxy for how many physician-scientists pursue academic tracks, and even the representation of clinician-scientists in research departments will likely vary wildly by said department. That being said, I've met a considerable number of them in my graduate school career, either ent... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>I'm a student enrolled in a MD/PhD program in Canada. I don't know about NIH very well, but our experience here is that it is very difficult to continue research. I agree with eykanal: it takes a lot to be a great clinician (and being a mediocre clinician is very hard on one's conscience). 50%+ of students rethink t... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>I know that in the States, the culture of MD/PhD's is more pronounced than in Canada, since there's a massive amount of NIH funds. I heard that nearly a quarter of the class in U of Pennsylvania at least begin as MD/PhD's (don't quote me). Dropping out of the PhD is harder, because you have to give up your funding. ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>I think <a href="http://www.eui.eu/ProgrammesAndFellowships/AcademicCareersObservatory/CareerComparisons/SalaryComparisons.aspx">this page</a> has what you are looking for. As far as I can tell (e.g. for France) the numbers are fine.</p>
<p>However, we should keep in mind that the comparison can be made difficult. ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/28 - chunk idx 0 |
<p><a href="http://www.glassdoor.com/">http://www.glassdoor.com/</a> works by getting anonymous information from users and sharing it. It is really vast and accurate as far as I am aware.</p>
<p>Examples:
TA: Brigham Young University $10.41/hour
Professor: University of Warwick: £103/year-£112/year</p>
<p>You must on... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/28 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>As far as I know, the translation is up to the universities who do the conversion. I think that it is unlikely that there are is one set of guidelines as even within a country not all universities have necessarily the same ranking systems.</p>
<p>I have found <a href="http://www.google.com/url?url=http://www.sowi.r... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/30 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>From what I've heard, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOEFL">TOEFL</a> is well recognised. </p>
<p>That being said, once you get your PhD, I don't think people ask for some English certifications (at least, I've never been asked to, and I'm not a native speaker). I guess your publications and the intervie... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/38 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Well, there is no universal advice. In general, you should adopt the local policy. If it is really the expectation, then you should go. Try to ask your younger colleagues. </p>
<p>Of course there is an other aspect: usually you never know in advance whether the talk will be good and inspiring or not. Usually it is ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/39 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>I would say that you should always go to seminar, unless you have some very compelling reason not to go (you are away, you are working on an experiment, you are trying to finish writing your thesis, etc.). </p>
<p>There are four reasons:</p>
<ol>
<li>Scientific courtesy. To travel somewhere and give a talk to the ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/39 - chunk idx 0 |
<h2>Try to always go.</h2>
<p>If you're a first/second year grad student, go because you have to.</p>
<p>If you're a third/fourth year grad student, go to learn about disciplines and topics other than yours.</p>
<p>If you're a fifth+ year grad student, go to network.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/39 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Let's ask another question: is there at least one good reason not to go at the seminars?</p>
<ul>
<li>Time consumption: except if you have a 1 hour seminar each day, you can probably afford the time loss due to the seminar. BTW, it it a time loss only if you go and don't speak to anybody, don't ask questions and do... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/39 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Well, in fact I cannot see good reasons not to go, except if it takes you 5+ hours a week...</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/39 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>Opinions on others may depend on many factors. Some people may not care at all (or even does not notice), but generally not attending seminars may be viewed as</p>
<ul>
<li>lack of commitment,</li>
<li>lack of genuine interest in research by other people and in other fields,</li>
<li>general laziness,</li>
<li>lack ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/39 - chunk idx 0 |
<blockquote>
<p>Don't ask me the difference between a protein and an amino acid; I have no idea!</p>
</blockquote>
<p>It is a sign that even more that you should the seminar. Not knowing sth simple - check wikipedia or ask your friends. Not knowing something more advanced - ask the lecturer (as (s)he is there exactly t... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/39 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>Part of being a grad student is politics. Skipping out on seminars signals to the presenter that you are not interested (which is probably true). Depending on the personality of the person, it may make them an enemy. In academic politics, revenge is a dish served cold. </p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>Is skipping an even... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/39 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>The perception will come across more as "he is not one of us". That sort of attitude is the kiss of death when it comes to recommendations. </p>
<p>My advice is to suck it up and go to them. It is part of the cost of being a grad student. </p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/39 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>Beyond the h-index, I don't think there's any definitive parameters used in practice. However, some other common factors used to evaluate research faculty:</p>
<ul>
<li>Publication count</li>
<li>Quantity of funding</li>
<li>Number of invited talks & invited journal articles</li>
<li>Lab size</li>
</ul>
<p>Not... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/42 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>There's the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-index">g-index</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-b_index">h-b-index</a>. Another thing is (in conjunction with the number of publications) the number of coauthors, i.e. has somebody only worked with one group (perhaps at the same university) or ha... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/42 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>To add to other answers:</p>
<p>How often one publishes in the most prestigious general journals (e.g. <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/">Science</a> and <a href="http://www.nature.com/">Nature</a>) and most prestigious journals in their field (e.g. <a href="http://prl.aps.org/">Physical Review Letters</a>).</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/42 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>The h-index is common (and the g-index, which corrects for self-citation), as is the Journal Impact Factor. Johan Bollen has a <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/research/principal-component-analysis-39-scientific-impact-measures/">good review of the various metrics</a>.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/42 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>However, it's important to point out that all those measures are just different ways of counting citations. They don't account for things like code you've written or talks you've given and they can't address systematic bias in citation practices such as coercive citation or citation mutation. Also, any citation-coun... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/42 - chunk idx 1 |
field of study looking at incorporating these broader metrics is called #altmetrics, and you can find a collection of research on the topic <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/groups/586171/altmetrics/">here</a>.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/42 - chunk idx 2 |
<p>There are quite a few journals where you can publish theoretical work in this area. Here are a few suggestions (the distinction is based on my perception and knowledge of what they've published, I'll let others chip in if they disagree):</p>
<p>For more theoretical work:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="http://www.comput... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/47 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>For more applied work:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/" rel="nofollow">Bioinformatics</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcbioinformatics/" rel="nofollow">BMC Bioinformatics</a>. (open access)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.almob.org/" rel="nofollow">Algorithms for Mo... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/47 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>Since your work is in game theory and population biology, do not forget Springer's </p>
<p><em>Journal of Theoretical Ecology</em>. It's a newer journal (started in 2008) but already has an impact factor close to JTB, and has an open access option. Alan Hastings is the Editor in Chief of this journal (you'd have a ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/47 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Also don't forget Bio Journals, you can stick the more advanced math and proofs in an appendix, and often your work will get more exposure in these journals. I know <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society Part B</em>, <em>the American Naturalist</em>, <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em> and <em>PLoS BIO</em> all have o... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/47 - chunk idx 1 |
<p><em>This post refers to research in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEM_fields">STEM fields</a>, and may not be applicable to other research topics.</em></p>
<p>One of my biggest epiphanies in research came when I learned how to read a paper. Reading scientific publications is completely different from r... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 0 |
<ul>
<li><strong>Intro</strong> - Read this for background. There will be nothing "new" in this section. You will find it <em>very</em> useful to read the intro section to as many papers as you can get your hands on. While you do this, you will become fairly depressed that so much research has already been done, and yo... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 1 |
<li><p><strong>Results</strong> - This is the meat of the paper. Read this very carefully to find out what they found. Between this section and the methods section you will determine what went right, what went wrong, what is new, and what they should have done that they didn't that you can now research and publish and ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 2 |
<p>When you cite a paper, you will be citing from this section. If you find yourself citing a paper based on something in the Intro, you're just citing another citation.</p></li>
<li><strong>Discussion</strong> - This is <em>the author's thoughts</em> on what the results mean. Take note of this; the author is using his... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 3 |
<li>Take notes on the papers you read. Keep those notes. My method was to keep my notes in a 3-ring binder, put a little post-it tab with the author's name, and then put the paper in there as well with the notes, so each "tab" is my notes and the paper. You will read hundreds of papers during your academic career. You ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 4 |
<p>At the beginning read anything and everything (and take notes). You should always be reading something and writing something. The hardest part for most students in the sciences to get past is embracing the unknown. </p>
<p>You will probably feel the need to understand everything, right from the start. Unless you ar... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 0 |
<p><em>My experience is almost exclusively with mathematics papers, and applies little or not at all to other fields.</em></p>
<p>Much of eykanal's post applies to math as well, but one big difference is that math papers are much more varied in their structure, not having an actual experiment to tie them together. A ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Relatedly, you'll eventually pick up the skill of picking out the most interesting ideas from a paper without reading the whole thing. Early on, though, it's probably better to read things carefully; it's very easy to fool yourself into thinking you've understood something.</p>
<p>As to your main question, about b... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 1 |
<p><em>This is about my experience in computer engineering</em> </p>
<p>I found that reading for breadth was the more important approach. The area of research I was interested in was pretty fluffly and ill-defined (I thought I could make a difference by organizing it better), so that many relevant articles were categ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 0 |
<blockquote>
<p><em>Is five pages of close reading per day enough?</em> </p>
</blockquote>
<p>If you can stay consistently at 5 pages (or 1 article) every day, you will end up far ahead of other people who study only in spurts. </p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>I agree with Henry about breadth vs. depth. You'll ultimately be judged on depth, so that has to be your first priority. However, breadth is quite valuable too. Many breakthroughs have come by applying standard techniques from one area to a new area. </p>
<p>The $.02 I want to add is that <strong>not all readin... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>I personally think one should read both for breadth and depth. Read all sort of literature around your field, and a few outside your field. One can only come up with good ideas having a good general knowledge of science. When it comes to your own research area papers should be read carefully and critically to unders... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>I'll chime in with a quite different opinion (or maybe a related opinion phrased in a different way), which grew out of advising/supervising PhD students and post-docs: <strong>reading for depth is a job requirement, but reading for breadth is what will make you stand out</strong>.</p>
<p>As a PhD student, you are ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>However, though becoming an expert is what gets you your PhD, if you want to continue further in research (whether academic or R&D), you will need to be able <strong>to show a quick understanding of new problems, to make connections between concepts in various areas of research, and propose creative solutions</s... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/50 - chunk idx 1 |
<ol>
<li><p>According to the <a href="http://publicationethics.org/static/1999/1999pdf13.pdf">Committee on Publication Ethics Guidelines on Good Publication Practice</a>, the term "redundant publication" is defined this way:</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 0 |
<blockquote>
<p>"Redundant publication occurs when two or more papers, without full cross reference, share the same hypothesis, data, discussion points, or conclusions." In addition, it states: "(1) Published studies do not need to be repeated unless further confirmation is required. (2) Previous publication of an... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 1 |
as you mention to the editor that the paper has been publicly presented.</p>
</blockquote></li>
<li><p>According to the paper <a href="http://jme.bmj.com/content/35/6/348.full.pdf">Science journal editors’ views on publication ethics:
Results of an international survey</a>,</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 2 |
<blockquote>
<p>"Breaches of publication ethics such as plagiarism, data fabrication and redundant publication are recognised as forms of research misconduct that can undermine the scientific literature." It also stated that redundant publication is an unethical practice. Of 16 ethical issues studied, redundant pub... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 3 |
<p>Personally, I have no qualms with submitting the same <em>talk</em> to multiple conferences; however, in my field (Chemical Engineering), we don't really do conference proceedings. Therefore, it's not such a big deal to present a work more than once; it's being given to different audiences that might not otherwise s... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Rather than asking what's acceptable, I think it's worthwhile to step back and think about the purpose of scientific publication. Your goal in publishing should be to disseminate useful ideas, not to create a publication record. If you have ten papers that are all very similar, it's hard for people to learn about ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>There are a few things to keep in mind:</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 0 |
<ul>
<li>Submitted talks vs. invited talks. Many researchers will have given many talks on a subject, but if most of them are invited talks, the reason they're duplicates is because conference organizers have essentially <em>asked</em> for duplicates.</li>
<li>I'd argue it isn't ethical to submit the <em>same</em> pres... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 1 |
<li>Consider what you want to get out of it. Unless your field is one of those where presentations trump papers or themselves generate papers (CS comes to mind), presentations aren't that big of a deal on a CV such that an extra one or two will really put you over the edge. In my field for example, everyone knows there... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 2 |
<li>If your talk is going to be spun into a paper via conference proceedings or the like, be doubly cautious, and make sure if you are double-dipping in an experiment or the like that the resulting <em>papers</em> are clearly different as well. I don't know anyone who doesn't frown on duplicated papers, and more than o... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/51 - chunk idx 3 |
<blockquote>
<p>Do you have to be extraordinary for a department to hire you over an equally qualified citizen?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>That really depends on the search criteria. If the criteria specifically calls for international experience—and many jobs around the world now do exactly that—you might not be disadvan... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/52 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>There a multiple levels on which this problem operates. This is especially true for places saturated with immigrants. (For instance, USA with Indians/Chinese)</p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Getting the Job</strong></p>
<p>This problem itself has a million subdivisions. Firstly, it is fairly difficult for immigrants (who ... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/52 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>I don't even want to get started on sectors like Aerospace. More often than not, graduates from the top universities in USA and Europe have returned to their homelands because all companies stress on citizenship. For EU, it is fairly difficult for a Non-EU resident to get a job in the first place, add to that defens... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/52 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>Getting a job is one part, getting the necessary immigration documents cleared is another. I mentioned about Aerospace engineering being a potential problem as far as jobs are concerned. But thats not all! USA has published a <a href="http://www.bu.edu/isso/forms/tal.pdf" rel="nofollow">list</a> called the technolog... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/52 - chunk idx 2 |
<p>I don't think a "definitive" answer is possible, but the following is based on personal experience and observation of many other students.</p>
<p>If your advisor is okay with it, take as many courses as you can in things that interest you and are in the realm of your discipline. As an applied math grad student, on... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/53 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Of course, I didn't take, say, philosophy or Italian or business management courses -- stick to courses related to your field. And make sure that whoever is paying you is okay with it.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/53 - chunk idx 1 |
<p>If you are interested in a teaching job, my answer is yes, definitely. You may be asked to teach some courses that are not in your field, or even before it happens, the search committee may want someone who can teach a wide range of courses. </p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/53 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>I think this does depend a lot on the kind of person you are/ the way of job you like to have.</p>
<p>I studied IT, but I visited a broad variety of courses. Even history, chinese for beginners, and some other stuff which you might think is not related to my field of work. I don't regret it!</p>
<p>But as a Softwa... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/53 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>Yes!</p>
<p>How do you know in advance what's going to be useful later? The wider a net you cast, the more tools you have at your disposal.</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/53 - chunk idx 0 |
<p>As with David Ketcheson, I don't think a definitive answer is possible, but here are my thoughts:</p> | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/53 - chunk idx 0 |
<ul>
<li>It depends on the attitude of your program. Are they trying to ramrod you through your coursework as swiftly as possible? Do they support "dabbling" in other aspects of your graduate career - side projects, practicums, etc.? The answer will likely change wildly depending on those answers.</li>
<li>How set is y... | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/53 - chunk idx 1 |
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