ZNO-Eval v1 — archival release

ZNO-Eval is a benchmark of real Ukrainian school-leaving and university-entrance exam tasks: the External Independent Evaluation (ZNO) and the National Multi-subject Test (NMT). It was introduced in ZNO-Eval: Benchmarking reasoning capabilities of large language models in Ukrainian.

This dataset is v1, the archival release. It preserves the task set originally published at NLPForUA/ZNO so that earlier results stay reproducible, identifies and corrects some of the mistakes introduced while parsing and hand-transcribing the tasks, and adds review metadata..

For new evaluations use ZNO-Eval v2, where all identified source defects are repaired, missing answers and media are recovered, and the schema represents multi-image and table tasks.

Tasks	7,380 from 138 exam forms (118 ZNO, 20 NMT), exam years 2007–2024
Subjects	Ukrainian language and literature 2,722 · History of Ukraine 2,640 · Geography 1,788 · Mathematics 230
Question formats	single choice 5,700 · matching 892 · multi-select 324 · open answer 260 · sequence 204
Text-only subset	5,806 tasks usable without images and without a known payload correction
Differences from GitHub	152 tasks patched (278 field edits); metadata columns added

Loading

from datasets import load_dataset

all_tasks  = load_dataset("NLPForUA/zno-eval", split="all")            # 7,380 tasks
math       = load_dataset("NLPForUA/zno-eval", split="math")           # one subject
text_ready = load_dataset("NLPForUA/zno-eval", "text_benchmark", split="test")  # soon (5,806 tasks)
exams      = load_dataset("NLPForUA/zno-eval", "exams", split="exams")
topics     = load_dataset("NLPForUA/zno-eval", "topics", split="topics")
issues     = load_dataset("NLPForUA/zno-eval", "issues", split="issues")

Configuration	Splits	Rows	Content
default	ukrainian, history, geography, math	7,380	Every task. split="all" concatenates the four subjects. Subjects are partitions, not train/test splits.
text_benchmark	test	5,806	Tasks with benchmark_status of eligible or requires_context. Same columns as default. The split name does not imply a held-out design.
exams	exams	138	One row per exam form, with official-source references.
topics	topics	68	Controlled topic vocabulary.
issues	issues	3,052	Known limitations of the v1 payload, one row per task and issue class.

Join tasks to exams on exam_uid, and each value of topic_ids to topics.topic_id.

Raw data format:

Question with one correct answer:

{
    "task_id": 42,
    "question": "Образ Прометея символізує силу й нескореність народу у творі Тараса Шевченка",
    "answers": [
        {
            "answer": "А",
            "text": "«Сон» («У всякого своя доля...»)"
        },
        {
            "answer": "Б",
            "text": "«Кавказ»"
        },
        {
            "answer": "В",
            "text": "«Гайдамаки»"
        },
        {
            "answer": "Г",
            "text": "«І мертвим, і живим...»"
        },
        {
            "answer": "Д",
            "text": "«Ісаія. Глава 35»"
        }
    ],
    "answer_vheader": [
        "А",
        "Б",
        "В",
        "Г",
        "Д"
    ],
    "answer_hheader": [],
    "correct_answer": [
        "Б"
    ],
    "comment": "",
    "with_photo": false
},

Matching/sequence questions with multiple correct answers (each number from answer_hheader corresponds to letter from answer_vheader):

{
    "task_id": 48,
    "question": "Укажіть послідовність дій, необхідних для того, щоб зорієнтуватися на місцевості за Полярною зіркою.",
    "answers": [
        {
            "answer": "А",
            "text": "подумки з’єднати прямою лінією дві зірки, що знаходяться на краю «ковша»"
        },
        {
            "answer": "Б",
            "text": "продовжити уявну пряму лінію і відкласти на ній приблизно п’ять відрізків, рівних відстані між двома зірками на краю «ковша»"
        },
        {
            "answer": "В",
            "text": "визначити яскраву зірку в сузір’ї Малої Ведмедиці, яка вказує напрям на північ"
        },
        {
            "answer": "Г",
            "text": "знайти сузір’я Великої Ведмедиці (Великого Возу), яке нагадує ківш"
        }
    ],
    "answer_vheader": [
        "А",
        "Б",
        "В",
        "Г"
    ],
    "answer_hheader": [
        "1",
        "2",
        "3",
        "4"
    ],
    "correct_answer": [
        "Г",
        "А",
        "Б",
        "В"
    ],
    "comment": "",
    "with_photo": false
},

What v1 changes relative to the GitHub copy

The reference point is commit 35d4c976599243b08dcd04303b557a7c2dc86068 of the GitHub repository. Against it, v1 differs in two ways.

1. 152 tasks have corrected content (278 field edits: 100 mathematics, 31 Ukrainian, 21 geography tasks). Six more tasks have corrected annotations only. All 158 carry the quality flag v1_patched, and every edit is listed with its before and after value in reports/v1-release-patches.jsonl, so the GitHub payload can be restored exactly by applying the before values.

Repair	Tasks	Fields	Example (before → after)
Minus and subtraction sign in mathematics unified to − (U+2212)	38	61	[‑4; 4] → [−4; 4]; -4 → −4
Highlighting that the task depends on, restored as *word*	23	62	залила імла і несміливі → залила імла *і* несміливі
Degree sign in mathematics	22	47	∠ADB=35∘ → ∠ADB=35°
Letter «о» left where the parser lost a superscript degree sign	22	30	+10 оС → +10°С
Hand-transcription errors in mathematics	10	14	a=−2*1/3 → a=−2\frac{1}{3}; AO=6 → AO=√6; 17 → \frac{1}{7}
Latin letters typed inside Ukrainian words in mathematics	9	11	зміннi (Latin i) → змінні; бeзе (Latin e) → безе
Latin i typed for the conjunction «і» in mathematics	9	9	циліндр i його → циліндр і його
Roman numerals typed with Cyrillic letters in mathematics options	8	24	лише І та ІІ → лише I та II
Typing slips in hand-typed text	7	7	квартира n№ 31 → квартира № 31
Gold number format	5	5	-3.5 → -3,5; –0,2 → -0,2
Labels and options mistranscribed from images of sentence tasks	4	7	5 - 1 → 4 - 1
Invisible characters in gold formulas	3	3	U+2061 removed from cos⁡β
Stray line breaks, apostrophes, look-alike symbols	9	9	<3^x+6⏎. → <3^x+6.; З см (Cyrillic letter) → 3 см

Rows overlap: one field can receive several repairs, so the columns do not sum to the totals. No gold answer changed in value. Eight gold strings were reformatted: the five number-format cases and the three invisible-character cases above. All 230 mathematics tasks were re-read against the source LaTeX for this revision; that review is the project's own and is not a guarantee that no error remains.

2. Metadata columns are added. They are described under What v1 adds and never modify the archived content.

Structural limitations of the v1 payload

v1 keeps the original flat schema: one question string, a list of options, and one optional image URL. The review against the source pages and v2 found the following. Counts overlap and must not be added; row-level evidence is in the issues configuration, which holds 3,052 rows for 1,631 tasks.

Issue (issue_type)	Tasks	Meaning
missing_gold_answer	318	The gold answer is absent in v1 (geography); recovered in v2.
incomplete_media_metadata	191	with_photo or photo_url does not describe the media the task has.
multiple_media_not_represented	189	The task has several images; v1 can hold one URL.
answer_option_media_unrepresented	157	Answer options are images that v1 does not carry.
missing_declared_answer_records	151	The response labels are declared but the option records are missing.
blank_answer_text	112	Options with empty text, usually image options.
source_media_but_with_photo_false	103	The source has media although with_photo=false.
legacy_media_absent_from_current_source	84	v1 records an image that the source page no longer shows.
noncanonical_exact_duplicate	74	The same task appears in another exam form.
not_machine_gradable_after_review	64	Writing tasks and tasks without a usable key.
same_text_different_media_variant	42	Same text as another task, different image.
malformed_matching_header	26	The matching slots in answer_hheader are wrong.
source_content_changed	16	The source page was revised after v1 was collected.
missing_semantic_table	12	A table the task needs is flattened or missing.
malformed_content, instruction_option_count_mismatch, incorrect_question_content, missing_source_option	10, 5, 4, 4	Parser or source content errors corrected in v2.
incorrect_gold_answer	2	The key is wrong; corrected in v2.
time_sensitive_candidate, time_sensitive_confirmed	93, 1	The answer depends on the exam year or the orthography edition.
not_canonical_text_benchmark_eligible	1,354	Outside the reviewed text-only protocol, most often because an image is required. This does not make a task unusable for multimodal models.

660 v1 tasks are linked to 747 task-level correction records in v2; three exam-catalogue omissions (one Ukrainian exam form and two history tasks) are recovered there.

Benchmark status

benchmark_status says how the released v1 payload of a task can be used, and benchmark_reasons says why.

Status	Tasks	Meaning
eligible	5,754	Text-only usable as released.
requires_context	52	Usable if the prompt states the exam-time context (see Time-sensitive tasks).
requires_correction	655	v2 holds a correction that the v1 payload lacks (missing gold, missing options, wrong media flags and similar). Do not score the v1 payload.
excluded	919	Outside the text-only protocol: an image is required, the task is a duplicate, it is not machine gradable, or it was voided.

Subject	eligible	requires_context	requires_correction	excluded
Ukrainian	2,523	4	33	162
History	2,061	0	149	430
Geography	1,004	48	461	275
Mathematics	166	0	12	52

The status value requires_review is defined, but no task currently has it. The text_benchmark configuration is exactly the eligible and requires_context rows. The eligibility columns are structural filters, not a certificate that every remaining task is free of errors.

Question formats, including matching

More than a fifth of all tasks (23%) are not single-choice. They are kept because they are a large part of the real exam score, and because they test something single-choice questions do not: the model must return several coordinated answers.

question_type	All tasks	Text subset	Expected answer
single_choice	5,700	4,701	One option code.
matching	892	773	One option code for each numbered item.
sequence	204	165	Option codes in the correct order.
multi_select	324	123	An unordered set of option codes.
open_text	260	44	A number or expression, with no options.

In a matching and sequence task answers holds both sides: the numbered items to be matched (1–4) and the lettered choices (А–Д). answer_hheader lists the numbered slots, answer_vheader lists the permitted codes, and correct_answer[i] is the code for slot answer_hheader[i].

{
  "question": "Укажіть послідовність дій, необхідних для того, щоб зорієнтуватися на місцевості за Полярною зіркою.",
  "answers": [
    {"answer": "А", "text": "подумки з’єднати прямою лінією дві зірки, що знаходяться на краю «ковша»"},
    {"answer": "Б", "text": "продовжити уявну пряму лінію і відкласти на ній приблизно п’ять відрізків, рівних відстані між двома зірками на краю «ковша»"},
    {"answer": "В", "text": "визначити яскраву зірку в сузір’ї Малої Ведмедиці, яка вказує напрям на північ"},
    {"answer": "Г", "text": "знайти сузір’я Великої Ведмедиці (Великого Возу), яке нагадує ківш"}
  ],
  "answer_vheader": ["А", "Б", "В", "Г"],
  "answer_hheader": ["1", "2", "3", "4"],
  "correct_answer": ["Г", "А", "Б", "В"],
  "question_type": "sequence"
}

Here the answer is 1–Г, 2–А, 3–Б, 4–В, and the exam awards one point per correct pair. matching tasks use the same slots for positions. multi_select tasks list the correct option numbers in correct_answer in no particular order. Scoring rules and the per-task max_points are documented in the v2 card.

Sample prompt

<bos><start_of_turn>user
Дайте розгорнуту відповідь на завдання, починаючи з ключового слова "Відповідь:" та використовуючи лише наведені нижче варіанти.

Завдання: З’ясуйте, якими частинами мови є виділені слова в реченні (цифра позначає наступне слово).
Сучасна людина, щоб бути (1)успішною, має вчитися (2)впродовж (3)усього життя, (4)опановуючи нові галузі знань.

Варіанти відповіді:
А – займенник
Б – прикметник
В – форма дієслова (дієприкметник)
Г – форма дієслова (дієприслівник)
Д – прийменник<end_of_turn>
<start_of_turn>model
Відповідь:
ТЕМА: Морфологія. Частини мови
Завдання перевіряє ваше вміння визначати частини мови.
Необхідно бути дуже уважним, тому що частиномовна приналежність конкретного слова часто залежить від контексту. Проаналізуймо кожне із запропонованих слів.
Слово успішною відповідає на питання яка? та вказує на ознаку предмета. Отже, це прикметник.
Слово впродовж не відповідає на питання, а лише поєднує слова в реченні. Отже, це прийменник.
Слово усього відповідає на питання що? і вказує на предмет, але не називає його. Отже, це займенник.
А от слово опановуючи відповідає на питання що роблячи? та вказує на додаткову дію підмета. Отже, це особлива форма дієслова дієприслівник.
Відповідь: 1–Б, 2–Д, 3–А, 4–Г.<end_of_turn>

Six mathematics tasks have a formula as gold and carry symbolic_gold_requires_equivalence; literal string comparison is not a valid score for them.

How the text is written

The source pages are PDF/HTML with bold and underlined words, MathJax formulas, tables and images. The dataset is plain text. This section lists the conventions used to carry that content over, so that prompts and answer parsers can rely on them.

Task layout

On the exam page	In the dataset
Question and options in one block	question holds the statement and any reading passage; each option is a separate record in answers with its code (А–Д or a number).
Matching table with two columns	Both columns are records in answers; answer_hheader and answer_vheader say which codes belong to which side.
Paragraphs and line breaks	A newline character. There is no HTML and no Markdown formatting apart from the cases below.

Highlighting and markers in language tasks

On the exam page	In the dataset	Example
Bold or underlined word	*word*	Я лиш *син* народу.
Bold or underlined letter inside a word	*letter* inside the word	листоп*а*дом
Numbered word, letter or punctuation position	The number in parentheses directly before it	(1)що світ помолодшав (2)навколо; промін(1)я
Numbered sentences of a passage	The number in parentheses before the sentence	(1) На календарі вже весна. (2) Хоча снігу…
Line numbers of a reading passage	A range before each paragraph	(1–8) Понад 10 років тому…
Missing letter to fill in	Two dots (a few forms use …)	радіст..ю, ..ціпити
Spelling choice: together, separately or hyphenated	A slash at the place in question	не/має, світло/сірий
Blank to complete	Underscores	цей край вона _______ завдяки
Stress mark	A combining acute accent (U+0301) after the stressed vowel (in v1 some source pages use an accented Latin vowel instead)	спали́
Emphasis in the instruction	Capital letters, as on the page	НЕМАЄ, ОКРІМ

*word* marks highlighting in 112 tasks and number markers appear in 101. In the Ukrainian exam an asterisk always means highlighting. As a multiplication sign it occurs only in mathematics: in one statement (x0*y0) and in some formula golds.

Mathematics

Here mathematics is written on one line in plain text, with LaTeX commands kept only where a linear form would be hard to read. There are no $ delimiters.

Notation	In the dataset	Example
Power	^	(a−4)^2−a^2
Index	_	b_3=0,2, S_n
Square root	√ with parentheses when needed	y=√x, T=2π√(LC)
Simple fraction	/ with parentheses	L=(T^2)/(4π^2C), b_4=3/4
Larger fractions, other roots, logarithms, vectors, integrals	LaTeX command	\frac{10ab^3}{5a^2b}, \sqrt[3]{3,5−a}, \log_{0,2}5, \overrightarrow{AB}
Mixed number	LaTeX fraction after the integer part	a=−2\frac{1}{3}
Multiplication	⋅, rarely *; juxtaposition where the exam omits the sign	3⋅F(x)+1, 4π^2C
Minus and subtraction	− (U+2212) in task text	−8a+16
Decimal separator	Comma	0,2
Greek letters, angle, comparison, infinity	Unicode characters	α, β, π, ∠ADB=35°, ≤, ∞
Absolute value, intervals, systems	As typed	`
Functions	Latin names without a backslash	2cos(450°+α)−sinα, tgx, log5(a)
Degree and temperature	°; Celsius as °С with a Cyrillic letter	30°, +10°С

Gold answers of open tasks are strings: integers, decimals with a comma and an ASCII minus (-0,2), or, in six tasks, a formula in the same plain-text notation ((πd^3tgβ)/4).

Tables and images

v1 has no table structure: table cells are flattened into the question text. Images are not part of the text; photo_url holds at most one image address and answer-option images are missing. Both are represented properly in v2.

In v1 these conventions hold fully for mathematics, which was normalised in this revision. In the other subjects v1 keeps the source text as collected, so some tasks still show ∘ for a degree sign, a hyphen for a negative number, Roman numerals in Cyrillic letters, or an accented Latin vowel as a stress mark; see Source defects left unchanged in v1.

Time-sensitive tasks

Some keys were correct when the exam was held and are not correct, or not unique, today. 94 tasks carry a temporal_context with status candidate (93) or confirmed (1); 52 of them are in the text subset.

• Geography and economics (90 tasks). Rankings, population figures and economic indicators change. geography:zno:2021:additional:task-042 matches countries to their place in the world services market; the key pairs the largest registered merchant fleet with Panama, which holds for the exam year. Its context line is Часовий контекст: завдання слід відповідати за даними та реаліями 2021 року.
• Orthography edition (4 tasks). The 2019 edition of the Ukrainian orthography changed the spelling of words with prefixes such as «екс-», «віце-», «міні-» and of «пів». ukrainian:zno:2015:trial-1:task-015 asks for the row in which every word takes a hyphen; the key needs «екс-король», which has been «екскороль» since 2019. These tasks carry answer_context_source="orthography_edition_pre_2019". Five further tasks in which only a distractor is affected have the flag orthography_edition_sensitive and stay eligible.

To use these tasks, prepend temporal_context.prompt_context_uk to the prompt. The key is never rewritten to match the present day. The candidates come from a targeted review, not from an exhaustive audit of every task.

What v1 adds

None of the following exists in the GitHub copy.

• Stable identifiers. task_uid and exam_uid are semantic (geography:zno:2020:main:task-001) and do not depend on a third-party page number.
• Exam metadata and official sources. Year, exam kind, session and variant for all 138 forms, with links to the official UCEQA task source for the 104 forms where an exact match was verified.
• Question type and exam section. question_type for every task, and assessment_section, which separates Ukrainian language (1,633 tasks) from literature (1,035) and writing (54).
• Controlled topics. 68 topic clusters (history 22, Ukrainian 21, geography 16, mathematics 9) with 10–305 tasks as primary topic.
• Temporal context, as described above.
• Quality flags, benchmark status and an issue table, so that every known limitation of a task is visible on the task itself.
• A text-only subset built from those annotations.

Task columns

Columns appear in this order in the dataset viewer.

Column	Type	Meaning
question	string	Task statement, including any reading passage.
answers	list of {answer, text}	Options. For matching tasks, both the numbered items and the lettered choices.
correct_answer	list of strings	Gold option codes or literal values. Order matters except for multi_select.
subject	string	ukrainian, history, geography or math.
topic_ids	list of strings	Topic memberships; the first is primary. Join to topics.
question_type	string	single_choice, matching, sequence, multi_select or open_text.
answer_hheader	list or null	Matching or sequence slots, for example ["1","2","3","4"].
answer_vheader	list or null	Permitted response codes.
assessment_section	string	language, literature, writing, history, geography or math.
benchmark_status	string	eligible, requires_context, requires_review, requires_correction or excluded.
benchmark_reasons	list of strings	outside_text_protocol, known_payload_correction, historical_context_required, manual_review_required, voided_by_exam_authority.
temporal_context	object	See below.
quality_flags	list of strings	See below.
review_note	string or null	Reviewer note for a task that needed a decision.
with_photo	boolean	Original parser flag. Not a reliable media signal; see issues.
photo_url	string or null	Original image URL when one was recorded.
task_uid	string	Primary task key: subject:exam-kind:year:variant:task-NNN, numbered from 1.
exam_uid	string	Exam key; join to exams.
task_id	integer	Original zero-based position in the exam form.
v1_text_benchmark_eligible	boolean	The v1 payload is text-only usable and has no outstanding v2 correction. Builds text_benchmark.
v2_canonical_text_benchmark_eligible	boolean	The reviewed v2 counterpart is in the v2 text subset.
v2_reviewed_valid	boolean	A v2 counterpart exists and its parse is complete. Not a claim of expert-verified correctness.
has_known_issue	boolean	At least one row in issues refers to this task.
corrections_available	list of strings	IDs of v2 corrections that this v1 payload still lacks; join to changes.correction_id in v2.
topic_assignment_source	string	normalized_legacy_topic (6,847 tasks), question_inference_no_legacy_topic (452) or question_inference_after_comment_filter (81).
legacy_uid	string	Former key subject:test_id:task_id, as used in the GitHub data and the paper's code.
legacy_exam_uid	string	Former exam key subject:test_id.
legacy_test_id	string	Numeric page identifier of the source site, kept for compatibility.
annotation_version	string	Revision of the annotations, currently rev-2026-11-11.

temporal_context fields: status (not_detected, candidate, confirmed), mentioned_years, answer_context_year, answer_context_years, answer_context_source (exam_title, question, orthography_edition_pre_2019), prompt_context_uk and recommended_action (none, include_with_context, exclude_without_historical_context).

quality_flags values and task counts:

Flag	Tasks	Meaning
source_text_artifact	482	Source-page text defect left unchanged.
roman_numeral_script	327	Roman numeral in Cyrillic letters, left unchanged.
v1_patched	158	Differs from the GitHub copy by a documented repair.
notation_simplified	113	Plain-text notation.
time_sensitive_candidate, time_sensitive_confirmed	93, 1	See Time-sensitive tasks.
legacy_media_not_in_current_source	84	The recorded image is no longer on the source page.
orthography_edition_sensitive	9	The orthography edition matters for the key or a distractor.
possible_manual_media_transcription	8	Image content may have been typed into the text by hand.
symbolic_gold_requires_equivalence	6	The gold is a formula; literal string comparison is not a valid score.
relabelled_duplicate	5	Same task as another one with different labels or option order.
manual_review_required	4	Unresolved review.
gold_header_length_mismatch, voided_by_exam_authority	1, 1	Key length differs from the slots; task voided by the exam authority.

Exams, topics and issues

exams (138 rows)

Column	Type	Meaning
exam_uid	string	Primary exam key, subject:exam-kind:year:variant.
subject	string	Exam subject.
exam_kind	string	zno or nmt.
exam_year	integer	Exam year; the knowledge state to assume.
exam_variant	string	main, additional, trial, trial-N, session-N, demo, demo-language or demo-literature.
exam_session	string or null	Coarser session label when known.
exam_label_uk	string	Generated Ukrainian display label.
num_tasks	integer	Number of tasks of this form in v1.
exam_date	string or null	ISO date when defensibly known; currently always null.
date_precision	string	Precision of the exam timing; currently year.
metadata_notes	list of strings	Qualifications or unresolved metadata conflicts.
official_source_match_status	string	exact_variant (104 forms) or not_found (34). not_found means the bounded search found no exact match, not that none exists.
official_exam_page_url	string or null	UCEQA landing or archive page of the matched form.
official_task_source_urls	list of strings	Official UCEQA URLs of the exact task form. Files are not mirrored.
official_answer_key_urls	list of strings	Related official answer keys.
official_source_notes	list of strings	Qualifications on the match.
secondary_review_url	string	Page on zno.osvita.ua, kept for human review only.
legacy_exam_uid, legacy_test_id	string	Compatibility keys.

A mapping was accepted only when at least four consecutive tasks matched the official form in order. Forms without a verified exact source stay unmatched instead of being linked to a similar one.

topics (68 rows): topic_id, subject, name_uk, name_en, description_en, primary_task_count (tasks whose first topic this is) and membership_task_count (tasks listing it anywhere). The names and descriptions are written by this project.

issues (3,052 rows)

Column	Type	Meaning
target_id	string	Task or exam the issue refers to (task_uid or exam_uid).
subject	string	Subject.
issue_type	string	Issue class, as in the table above.
status	string	confirmed or review_candidate.
severity	string	Family such as data_error, text_only_limitation, evaluation_risk, duplicate.
affected_field	string	Field or content area concerned.
affected_count	integer	Number of affected sub-items.
evidence	string	Basis for the classification.
v2_action	string	How v2 repairs, annotates or filters the case.
v2_correction_ids	list of strings	IDs in the v2 changes table.
scope	string	task or exam_catalog.
exam_uid	string	Exam key.
task_id	integer or null	Zero-based task position; null at catalogue scope.
canonical_task_uid	string or null	For duplicates, the task kept as canonical.
details_json	string	Issue-specific details as JSON.
legacy_target_uid, legacy_exam_uid, legacy_test_id, legacy_canonical_uid	string	Compatibility keys.

Limitations

• v1 is an archive. Its source-origin text defects, missing answers and incomplete media are documented, not repaired; use v2 for evaluation.
• The review that produced the flags and statuses was targeted. It does not prove that the remaining tasks are free of errors, and the list of time-sensitive tasks is not exhaustive.
• Exam tasks and keys reflect the Ukrainian school curriculum and the facts of the exam year.
• Task texts are exam materials collected from public pages.

Citation

@article{zno-eval-2024,
  title   = {ZNO-Eval: Benchmarking reasoning capabilities of large language models in Ukrainian},
  author  = {Syromiatnikov, M. V. and Ruvinskaya, V. M. and Troynina, A. S.},
  journal = {Informatics. Culture. Technology},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {185--191},
  year    = {2024},
  month   = sep,
  doi     = {10.48550/arXiv.2501.06715},
  url     = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.06715}
}