| --- |
| dataset_info: |
| features: |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subtest |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 1463 |
| num_examples: 20 |
| download_size: 2343 |
| dataset_size: 1463 |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/train-* |
| license: mit |
| task_categories: |
| - text-generation |
| - text-classification |
| language: |
| - en |
| tags: |
| - aphasia |
| pretty_name: Text Aphasia Battery (TAB) |
| size_categories: |
| - n<1K |
| --- |
| |
| # Text Aphasia Battery (TAB) |
|
|
| The **Text Aphasia Battery (TAB)** is a modified subset of the [Quick Aphasia Battery (QAB)](https://aphasialab.org/qab/) designed to assess aphasic symptoms in environments where input and output modalities are restricted to text. TAB is especially useful for large-scale identification of aphasic features in applications such as corpus studies and evaluations of large language models (LLMs). **Note:** TAB is not a replacement for the QAB or other clinical diagnostic tools. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Overview |
|
|
| TAB consists of **four subtests** that evaluate different aspects of language function: |
|
|
| 1. **Connected Text** |
| 2. **Word Comprehension** |
| 3. **Sentence Comprehension** |
| 4. **Repetition** |
|
|
| Each subtest comes with specific instructions and scoring criteria, aimed at detecting various aphasic markers. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Subtests |
|
|
| ### 1. Connected Text |
|
|
| - **Objective:** |
| Evaluate fluency, grammaticality, and coherence of speech. |
|
|
| - **Instructions:** |
| Respond to the following prompts in 3–5 full sentences: |
| - "Tell me about the best trip you ever took." |
| - "Describe a happy childhood memory." |
| - "Tell me about your first job." |
| - "What do you like about where you live?" |
| - "Describe what is happening in the following scene: The boy is pushing the girl." |
|
|
| - **Scoring:** |
| Uses adapted non-motor APROCSA features (see **Notes on Evaluation**). |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ### 2. Word Comprehension |
|
|
| - **Objective:** |
| Evaluate lexical-semantic processing and selection among competing meanings. |
|
|
| - **Instructions:** |
| Elicit responses **verbatim** for the following: |
| - "Which one is an animal: ‘lion’ or ‘drum’?" |
| - "Which object is typically used to make music: ‘violin’ or ‘giraffe’?" |
| - "Which item is usually worn on the feet: ‘boot’ or ‘boat’?" |
| - "Which object is used for cutting: ‘knife’ or ‘kite’?" |
| - "Which one is a large mammal with a long neck: ‘giraffe’ or ‘horse’?" |
|
|
| - **Scoring:** |
| Responses are scored in a binary fashion (correct/incorrect). Incorrect selections may indicate deficits in semantic processing. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ### 3. Sentence Comprehension |
|
|
| - **Objective:** |
| Evaluate syntactic processing, comprehension of passive structures, and logical reasoning. |
|
|
| - **Instructions:** |
| Elicit responses **verbatim** for the following: |
| - "Are babies watched by babysitters?" (Expected: **Yes**) |
| - "Do you cut the grass with an axe?" (Expected: **No**) |
| - "If you’re about to leave, have you left yet?" (Expected: **No**) |
| - "Are witnesses questioned by police?" (Expected: **Yes**) |
| - "If I was at the park when you arrived, did I get there first?" (Expected: **Yes**) |
|
|
| - **Scoring:** |
| Delayed or incorrect responses may indicate difficulties with syntactic processing, handling of negation, or confusion with passive constructions. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ### 4. Repetition |
|
|
| - **Objective:** |
| Evaluate morphosyntactic integrity. |
|
|
| - **Instructions:** |
| Elicit responses **verbatim** for the following: |
| - "Please repeat exactly: house." |
| - "Please repeat exactly: breakfast." |
| - "Please repeat exactly: catastrophe." |
| - "Please repeat exactly: The sun rises in the East." |
| - "Please repeat exactly: The ambitious journalist discovered where we’d be going." |
|
|
| - **Scoring:** |
| Check for exact reproduction. Errors (e.g., phonemic substitutions, deletions, or distortions) indicate issues with morphosyntactic processing. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Notes on Evaluation |
|
|
| TAB scoring is based on **binary pass/fail** criteria according to predefined aphasic markers. The evaluation focuses on the following linguistic features: |
|
|
| - **Anomia:** Word-finding failures or circumlocutions. |
| - **Paraphasias:** |
| - *Semantic Paraphasias:* Substitution of one content word for another. |
| - *Phonemic Paraphasias:* Errors in sound production (substitution, insertion, deletion, or transposition). |
| - **Agrammatism:** Omission of function words or morphemes. |
| - **Paragrammatism:** Incorrect or inappropriate grammatical structures. |
| - **Empty Speech:** Overuse of vague, nonspecific words. |
| - **Repetition/Reading Errors:** Deletions, insertions, or distortions. |
|
|
| For **Connected Text**, each response should be evaluated for the presence (1) or absence (0) of the following APROCSA features: |
|
|
| - Anomia |
| - Abandoned utterances |
| - Empty speech |
| - Semantic paraphasias |
| - Phonemic paraphasias (evaluated at token-level in models) |
| - Neologisms |
| - Jargon |
| - Perseverations |
| - Stereotypies and automatisms |
| - Short and simplified utterances |
| - Omission of bound morphemes |
| - Omission of function words |
| - Paragrammatism |
| - Retracing |
| - False starts |
| - Conduite d’approche |
| - Meaning unclear |
| - Off-topic |
| - Overall communication impairment |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Automatic Identification Prompt |
|
|
| The TAB is built for automatic evaluation using in-context LLM prompting. The system processes a transcript and produces a JSON file with each linguistic feature as a key and its value set to **1** (feature present) or **0** (feature not present). |
|
|
| ### Instructions |
|
|
| - **Input:** |
| A transcript passage. |
|
|
| - **Processing:** |
| Analyze the transcript according to the definitions and examples below. |
|
|
| - **Output:** |
| A JSON file that includes **every one** of the following features as keys: |
|
|
| - Anomia |
| - Abandoned utterances |
| - Empty speech |
| - Semantic paraphasias |
| - Phonemic paraphasias |
| - Neologisms |
| - Jargon |
| - Perseverations |
| - Stereotypies and automatisms |
| - Short and simplified utterances |
| - Omission of bound morphemes |
| - Omission of function words |
| - Paragrammatism |
| - False starts |
| - Retracing |
| - Conduite d’approche |
| - Meaning unclear |
| - Off-topic |
| - Overall communication impairment |
|
|
| ### Output Format |
|
|
| Your JSON output **must** include each feature as a key with its corresponding value (0 or 1). Do **not** include any additional keys or extraneous information. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ### Examples |
|
|
| #### Example 1 |
|
|
| **Hypothetical Passage:** |
|
|
| > "I was trying to tell you about my day but I just I mean I wanted to say something about the store I go store I wanted a pen I mean pencil The ball the ball the ball kept bouncing and I just stopped you know I keep saying dammit dammit dammit all the time" |
|
|
| **Associated JSON Output:** |
|
|
| ```json |
| { |
| "Anomia": 1, |
| "Abandoned utterances": 1, |
| "Empty speech": 0, |
| "Semantic paraphasias": 0, |
| "Phonemic paraphasias": 0, |
| "Neologisms": 0, |
| "Jargon": 0, |
| "Perseverations": 1, |
| "Stereotypies and automatisms": 1, |
| "Short and simplified utterances": 1, |
| "Omission of bound morphemes": 1, |
| "Omission of function words": 1, |
| "Paragrammatism": 0, |
| "False starts": 0, |
| "Retracing": 0, |
| "Conduite d’approche": 0, |
| "Meaning unclear": 0, |
| "Off-topic": 0, |
| "Overall communication impairment": 1 |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| #### Example 2 |
|
|
| **Hypothetical Passage:** |
|
|
| > "I want to go to the store to buy a blorf You know I keep trying to say it but I say I want to go to the st store I want a pa pen I mean pencil I dont know what im trying to say It all seems not right" |
|
|
| **Associated JSON Output:** |
|
|
| ```json |
| { |
| "Anomia": 1, |
| "Abandoned utterances": 0, |
| "Empty speech": 0, |
| "Semantic paraphasias": 0, |
| "Phonemic paraphasias": 0, |
| "Neologisms": 1, |
| "Jargon": 0, |
| "Perseverations": 0, |
| "Stereotypies and automatisms": 0, |
| "Short and simplified utterances": 0, |
| "Omission of bound morphemes": 0, |
| "Omission of function words": 0, |
| "Paragrammatism": 0, |
| "False starts": 1, |
| "Retracing": 0, |
| "Conduite d’approche": 1, |
| "Meaning unclear": 1, |
| "Off-topic": 0, |
| "Overall communication impairment": 1 |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| > **Important:** Your analysis must strictly adhere to the definitions and examples provided. No additional keys or information should be included in the output JSON. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Sources |
|
|
| 1. **Wilson SM, Eriksson DK, Schneck SM, Lucanie JM.** |
| *A quick aphasia battery for efficient, reliable, and multidimensional assessment of language function.* |
| **PLoS One** 2018; 13(2): e0192773. |
|
|
| 2. **Casilio M, Rising K, Beeson PM, Bunton K, Wilson SM.** |
| *Auditory-perceptual rating of connected speech in aphasia.* |
| **Am J Speech Lang Pathol** 2019; 28: 550-68. |
|
|
| *Definitions and examples for the automatic identification prompt are adapted from Table 1 of Casilio et al. (2019).* |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Disclaimer |
|
|
| The TAB is intended **for research and evaluation purposes only**. It should not be used as a clinical diagnostic tool or a substitute for professional evaluation. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Contributing |
|
|
| Contributions are welcome! If you wish to improve or extend TAB: |
| 1. Fork the repository. |
| 2. Create your feature branch. |
| 3. Commit your changes. |
| 4. Open a pull request. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| the TAB is released openly under the MIT license |
