| schema_version: 1 | |
| id: naturalearth | |
| name: Natural Earth | |
| publisher: Natural Earth | |
| description: Public-domain country and admin-1 boundaries, used as the shared basemap | |
| for every source in the data bank. | |
| homepage: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ | |
| tags: | |
| - geometry | |
| - boundaries | |
| - basemap | |
| - global | |
| license: public-domain | |
| license_file: LICENSE-public-domain.txt | |
| license_url: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/ | |
| attribution: 'Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain)' | |
| attribution_required: no | |
| citation: Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com | |
| redistribution: permitted | |
| visibility: public | |
| disclaimer_file: DISCLAIMER.md | |
| disclaimer: | |
| redistributor: OptimalSolution LLC | |
| role: redistribution-only | |
| responsibility: none | |
| endorsement: none | |
| affiliation: none | |
| warranty: none | |
| governing_terms: The original publisher's licence and terms govern. | |
| retrieval: | |
| method: r-package | |
| package: rnaturalearth | |
| package_version: 1.2.0 | |
| data_version: 1.0.0 | |
| hires_version: 1.0.0.9000 | |
| fetched_at: '2026-09-17T21:35:18Z' | |
| build_tool: r-worker/build_basemaps.R | |
| modifications: reformatted | |
| changes: | |
| - Converted sf geometry to GeoParquet 1.0.0 (WKB, zstd) and simplified GeoJSON. | |
| - 'Aliased three adm0_a3 codes to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3: KOS->XKX, SDS->SSD, PSX->PSE. | |
| Without these, ISO3 joins lose Kosovo, South Sudan and Palestine.' | |
| - Lifted the four French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Guyane, Martinique, Reunion) | |
| out of France's polygon as separate features and ERASED them from FRA. Natural Earth | |
| folds them into FRA (measured area 636,062 km2 against 551,695 for metropolitan | |
| France); publishers that report them separately would otherwise double-count. FRA | |
| is 548,374 km2 after the erase. | |
| - 'Geometry is repaired only where GEOS reports it invalid, and never under s2: a | |
| blanket st_make_valid() with s2 enabled rewrites RUS, FJI and ATA into GEOS-invalid | |
| forms.' | |
| layers: | |
| countries: | |
| resolutions: | |
| - 110m | |
| - 50m | |
| - 10m | |
| default: 50m | |
| key: iso3 | |
| note: 110m covers only 175 of Ember's 209 countries -- it omits Singapore, Malta, | |
| Bahrain, Hong Kong, Macao and 30 small island states, which render as holes. | |
| 50m and 10m cover all 209. | |
| admin1: | |
| resolutions: | |
| - 10m | |
| key: iso_3166_2 | |
| units: 4596 | |
| countries: 251 | |
| note: ne_states() takes no scale argument; it is always the hires dataset. Unit | |
| counts are wildly uneven across countries (GBR 232, SVN 193, LVA 119), so this | |
| is admin-1 AS NATURAL EARTH DEFINES IT, not a uniform NUTS-like tier. Do not | |
| treat units as comparable. | |
| coverage: | |
| - layer: ne_countries_110m | |
| features: 181 | |
| iso3: 181 | |
| s2_invalid: 2 | |
| - layer: ne_countries_50m | |
| features: 246 | |
| iso3: 246 | |
| s2_invalid: 0 | |
| - layer: ne_countries_10m | |
| features: 262 | |
| iso3: 262 | |
| s2_invalid: 0 | |
| crs: OGC:CRS84 | |
| notes: | |
| - 'GEOS validity is guaranteed for every shipped layer. s2 validity is NOT: raw Natural | |
| Earth 110m already reports SDN and RUS as s2-invalid while GEOS accepts them, and | |
| the two engines cannot be satisfied at once for antimeridian and pole geometry. | |
| The per-layer s2_invalid count above records the discrepancy.' | |