| --- |
| license: cc-by-sa-4.0 |
| task_categories: |
| - image-segmentation |
| tags: |
| - geology |
| - geological-map |
| - cartography |
| - vectorization |
| - instance-segmentation |
| - remote-sensing |
| - synthetic |
| pretty_name: GeoCarto – geological map scans to vector units (4 continents) |
| size_categories: |
| - 1K<n<10K |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/test-*.parquet |
| --- |
| |
| # GeoCarto – from geological map images to vector units and faults |
|
|
| 512×512 tiles of **geological maps** with pixel-exact ground truth for **map-unit instances** and **faults**, |
| covering **4 continents** (North America, Europe, Africa, Oceania). Built to train models that turn a scanned |
| geological map back into GIS polygons (e.g. affinity / boundary prediction + watershed). |
|
|
| * **real** tiles: USGS *Geologic Map of North America* (GMNA) 300 dpi rasters, with the official GMNA vector units |
| and faults rasterised on the same grid (~423 m/px). |
| * **synthetic** tiles: the official vector maps of each region are **rendered as realistic printed geological maps** |
| (CGMW/ICS chronostratigraphic colours modulated by lithology, stipple/hatch/volcanic "v"/plutonic "+" patterns, |
| contacts (sometimes dashed), thick faults with thrust teeth or normal-fault ticks, unit labels with leader lines, |
| sea with isobaths and ocean names, graticule, rivers, political boundaries, place names), then optionally |
| "printed and scanned" (paper tint, uneven lighting, blur, noise, channel misregistration, JPEG). |
| 20 % of the tiles use a random palette so a model cannot learn "colour = unit". Scale varies from ~80 to ~600 m/px. |
|
|
| ## Splits (spatial, no leakage) |
| Each source is cut into geographic blocks (150–600 km); every block belongs to exactly one split and a tile is kept |
| only if it lies entirely inside blocks of its split. Real and synthetic GMNA tiles share the same blocks. |
|
|
| | continent | source | kind | train | validation | test | total | |
| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |
| | Africa | UNESCO-Ethiopia | synthetic | 560 | 70 | 70 | 700 | |
| | Europe | GEO-LiM | synthetic | 960 | 120 | 120 | 1200 | |
| | North America | GMNA | real | 1141 | 81 | 78 | 1300 | |
| | North America | GMNA | synthetic | 480 | 60 | 60 | 600 | |
| | North America | USGS-California | synthetic | 560 | 70 | 70 | 700 | |
| | North America | USGS-Nevada | synthetic | 480 | 60 | 60 | 600 | |
| | Oceania | GA-Australia | synthetic | 1200 | 150 | 150 | 1500 | |
|
|
| ## Columns |
| | column | content | |
| |---|---| |
| | `image` | RGB map tile (PNG, 512×512) | |
| | `instances` | uint16 PNG: 0 = no mapped unit (sea, lake, outside the map), 1..N = connected components of one geological unit. Two touching polygons of the **same** unit form **one** instance (no boundary is visible between them on a map). | |
| | `faults` | PNG {0,255}: fault traces rasterised 1 px wide (concealed/inferred faults included) | |
| | `units` | JSON: for each instance id → unit code, age and lithology from the source map | |
| | `source`, `continent`, `kind` (`real`/`synthetic`), `split` | provenance | |
| | `px_size_m`, `crs`, `bounds` | ground resolution and georeferencing of the tile | |
| | `render` | JSON rendering parameters of synthetic tiles (palette, scan effects…) | |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| import numpy as np |
| ds = load_dataset("PerfectWin/geocarto", split="train") |
| x = ds[0] |
| rgb = np.array(x["image"]); inst = np.array(x["instances"]).astype(np.int32); faults = np.array(x["faults"]) > 0 |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Sources & licences (attribution required) |
| | region | dataset | licence | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | North America | Garrity, C.P., Soller, D.R., 2009, *Database of the Geologic Map of North America*, USGS Data Series 424 | public domain (USGS) | |
| | California, Nevada | Ludington, S. et al., 2005, *Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States – Western States*, USGS OFR 2005-1305 | public domain (USGS) | |
| | Europe | Donnini, M., Marchesini, I., Zucchini, A., *A new Geo-Lithological Map (Geo-LiM) for Central Europe*, Zenodo, doi:10.5281/zenodo.3530257 | CC BY 4.0 | |
| | Africa | *Geological Map of Ethiopia at 1:1,000,000 scale*, Verner et al., UNESCO IHP-WINS | CC BY-SA | |
| | Oceania | Geoscience Australia, *Surface geology of Australia 1:1M* (dataset 149179) | CC BY 4.0 | |
|
|
| Because the Ethiopian map is CC BY-SA, the whole dataset is released under **CC BY-SA 4.0**. |
| The generator code (`code/geocarto.py`) and its configuration (`build_config.json`) are included. |
|
|
