| --- |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| language: |
| - kk |
| - ru |
| - en |
| multilinguality: multilingual |
| pretty_name: 'AdiletCodex: Trilingual (KK/RU/EN) Article-Level Corpus of Kazakh Legal Codes and Laws' |
| tags: |
| - legal |
| - law |
| - legal-nlp |
| - kazakhstan |
| - kz |
| - kazakh |
| - russian |
| - english |
| - legislation |
| - statute |
| - codes |
| - laws |
| - adilet |
| - article-level |
| - trilingual |
| - multilingual |
| - low-resource |
| - central-asia |
| - legal-information-retrieval |
| task_categories: |
| - text-retrieval |
| - text-classification |
| - text-generation |
| size_categories: |
| - 10K<n<100K |
| --- |
| |
| # AdiletCodex: A Trilingual (Kazakh-Russian-English) Article-Level Corpus of the Codes and Laws of Kazakhstan |
|
|
| A full-text, **article-level**, **trilingual (Kazakh + Russian + English)** corpus of the |
| currently in-force codes and substantive laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, parsed from the |
| official legal database [adilet.zan.kz](https://adilet.zan.kz). |
|
|
| - **65,807** article records across **343** documents (**24 codes + 319 laws**, incl. the Constitution) |
| - **296** documents present in all three languages (RU 22,112 / KK 22,098 / EN 21,597) |
| - Adoption years **1991-2026** |
| - Each record: full article text + structural hierarchy (part/section/chapter/article) + |
| numbered points + amendment notes + cross-reference links + rich document metadata |
| (act form, legal sphere, adopting body, registration numbers, dates, status) |
|
|
| To our knowledge this is the **first article-structured, trilingual, full-text** corpus of |
| Kazakh legislation. |
|
|
| ## Why this corpus |
| Kazakh legal NLP has lacked a **structured, full-text** foundation: existing resources are |
| either document-level metadata, Russian-only, or downstream QA sets built on top of statutes |
| they do not themselves release. AdiletCodex fills that gap with the **article** as the unit of |
| record, the **three official language versions** side by side, and the **structural + |
| amendment + metadata** context needed for legal information retrieval, cross-lingual and RAG |
| grounding, translation-fidelity study, and temporal ("law-as-of-date") modeling. |
|
|
| ## Related datasets and how AdiletCodex differs |
| - **KazakhLawCorpus** (Tleubayeva, *Data* MDPI 2026; 215,889 records) - document-level |
| **metadata only**, Kazakh only, no article text. AdiletCodex is complementary and strictly |
| more granular: full text, article-level, trilingual. |
| - **justicedao/ipfs_kazakhstan_laws_ir** (HF, ~399k rows) - article-level but **Russian only**, |
| undocumented, no hierarchy / amendments / status / KK / EN. AdiletCodex adds the two other |
| official languages, the structural hierarchy, amendment notes, status, metadata, and docs. |
| - **olzhasAl/adilet-legal-qa-kz** (HF, 13,159 QA pairs, RU+KK) and other Kazakh legal-QA / LoRA |
| sets - **downstream tasks**, not a source corpus. AdiletCodex provides the underlying statute |
| text those tasks are grounded in. |
| - **Uzbek legal corpus** (Tomaris AI) - a methodological twin for a neighbouring jurisdiction |
| (Uzbek-Latin only, no descriptor paper); AdiletCodex is the Kazakh, trilingual counterpart. |
| - **RusLawOD** (HF irlspbru/RusLawOD, 304k texts) - Russian national statutory corpus; a |
| language / scope comparator, not Kazakh. |
| |
| ## Files |
| - `adiletcodex.jsonl` - one article per line (keeps nested paragraphs/notes/links) |
| - `adiletcodex.csv` - flat columns |
| |
| ## Load |
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| ds = load_dataset("json", data_files="adiletcodex.jsonl", split="train") |
| ``` |
| |
| ## Schema |
| `doc_id, doc_type, slug, lang, title, status, act_form, act_form_ru, legal_sphere, legal_sphere_ru, |
| adopting_organ, adopting_organ_ru, database_section, database_section_ru, state_registry_number, |
| npa_registration_number, adoption_date, change_date, publication_date, publication_reference, |
| publication_reference_ru, adoption_place, region_action, citation, doc_date, doc_number, part, |
| section, chapter, article_id, article_no, article_title, article_text, paragraphs, notes, links, url` |
| |
| (37 fields total; `paragraphs`, `notes`, `links` are nested and JSONL-only, so the CSV carries |
| the 34 scalar fields. `citation` is the human-readable source citation, with `doc_date` / |
| `doc_number` parsed from it.) |
| |
| **Language of metadata fields.** Only `title`, `status`, `article_title`, `article_text` are |
| truly per-language and are the **official** adilet translations. The document-"passport" fields |
| come from adilet's Russian-only document card; in v2.0 several are **localized** to the row's |
| language, each with an `*_ru` companion preserving the Russian source (Russian rows keep the |
| Russian value): |
|
|
| - **Curated term map** (hand-reviewed, not machine translation): `act_form`, `adopting_organ`, |
| `database_section`. |
| - **Machine-translated (local Qwen3.5-122B-A10B, thinking disabled) reference metadata** - |
| convenience only, not authoritative, with the Russian source kept in the `*_ru` companion: |
| `legal_sphere`, `publication_reference`. The Kazakh output uses correct Kazakh legal |
| terminology (the earlier Qwen2.5-32B Kazakh was replaced). A number-preservation check |
| protects all digits/dates/article numbers in `publication_reference` (Russian original kept |
| on any mismatch). |
| - **Still Russian-by-source:** `region_action`, `adoption_place`. |
|
|
| Use `status` for validity/in-force state. Reproducibility artifacts (term + translation maps, |
| QA-failure log, scripts) are in `localization/`. |
|
|
| > **Changed in v2.0 (major):** `act_form`, `adopting_organ`, `database_section` are localized per |
| > `lang` via a curated map, and `legal_sphere`, `publication_reference` via machine translation |
| > (all with `*_ru` provenance companions); the redundant/mislabeled `legal_force` field was |
| > removed (use `status` for in-force state). Separately, 18 parser-artifact records (split-off |
| > entry-into-force / amendment fragments, a quoted old-code article, truncated compound article |
| > numbers, and stale same-language duplicates) were repaired without dropping any wording, so the |
| > record count is 65,807 (was 65,825 in v1.0) with 0 duplicate `(doc_id, lang, article_no)` keys. |
| |
| ## License & source |
| Compilation: CC-BY-4.0. Underlying texts are official public acts of the Republic of |
| Kazakhstan (source: adilet.zan.kz). Unofficial research copy; verify in-force text on adilet. |
| |
| ## Citation |
| Mukhsimbayev, B., Pak, A., & Kuralbayev, A. (2026). *AdiletCodex: A Trilingual (Kazakh-Russian-English) |
| Article-Level Corpus of the Codes and Laws of Kazakhstan* (v2.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. |
| https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22812625 (concept DOI, always resolves to the latest version). |
| Latest is v2.0 (version DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23260689, published 2026-10-09); v1.0 version DOI: |
| 10.5281/zenodo.22812626. |
| |
