| --- |
| pretty_name: HighSchoolBench-MCQ |
| language: |
| - en |
| language_creators: |
| - found |
| multilinguality: |
| - monolingual |
| source_datasets: |
| - original |
| task_categories: |
| - multiple-choice |
| - visual-question-answering |
| - question-answering |
| task_ids: |
| - multiple-choice-qa |
| size_categories: |
| - 1K<n<10K |
| tags: |
| - highschoolbench |
| - benchmark |
| - education |
| - high-school |
| - exam |
| - stem |
| - science |
| - mathematics |
| - multimodal |
| - image |
| - text |
| - multiple-choice |
| configs: |
| - config_name: context_text_images__text_options |
| default: true |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_images__text_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_images__text_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_images__text_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_images__image_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_images__image_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_images__text_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_images__text_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_images__text_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_images__text_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_tables__image_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_tables__image_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_tables__text_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_tables__text_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_tables__text_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_tables__text_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_tables_images__image_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_tables_images__image_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_tables_images__text_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_tables_images__text_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_tables_images__text_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_contextualized_tables_images__text_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_images__image_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_images__image_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_images__image_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_images__image_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_only__image_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_only__image_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_only__image_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_only__image_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_only__table_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_only__table_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_only__table_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_only__table_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_only__text_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_only__text_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_only__text_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_only__text_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_table__image_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_table__image_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_table__text_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_table__text_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_table__text_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_table__text_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_table_image__image_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_table_image__image_options/test-*.parquet |
| - config_name: context_text_table_image__text_options |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/context_text_table_image__text_options/train-*.parquet |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/context_text_table_image__text_options/validation-*.parquet |
| - split: test |
| path: data/context_text_table_image__text_options/test-*.parquet |
| dataset_info: |
| - config_name: context_text_images__text_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: images |
| list: image |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: string |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_images__image_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_context_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: image_context_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: image_context_3 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_3 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: image |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: option_image_label_groups |
| list: |
| list: string |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_images__text_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_context_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: image_context_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: image_context_3 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_3 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: image_context_4 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_4 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: string |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_tables__image_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: image |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: option_image_label_groups |
| list: |
| list: string |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_tables__text_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context_3 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_3 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context_4 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_4 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: string |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_tables_images__image_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_context_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: image_context_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: image_context_3 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_3 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: table_context_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: image |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: option_image_label_groups |
| list: |
| list: string |
| - config_name: context_text_contextualized_tables_images__text_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_context_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: image_context_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: image_context_3 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_3 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: table_context_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_2 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context_3 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_3 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: string |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - config_name: context_text_images__image_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: images |
| list: image |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: image |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: option_image_label_groups |
| list: |
| list: string |
| - config_name: context_text_only__image_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: image |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: option_image_label_groups |
| list: |
| list: string |
| - config_name: context_text_only__table_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: string |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - config_name: context_text_only__text_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: string |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - config_name: context_text_table__image_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: tables |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: image |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: option_image_label_groups |
| list: |
| list: string |
| - config_name: context_text_table__text_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: table_context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: tables |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: string |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - config_name: context_text_table_image__image_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: images |
| list: image |
| - name: tables |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: image |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: option_image_label_groups |
| list: |
| list: string |
| - config_name: context_text_table_image__text_options |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: assessment_program |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assessment_stage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: context |
| dtype: string |
| - name: images |
| list: image |
| - name: tables |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: options |
| list: string |
| - name: option_labels |
| list: string |
| - name: answer |
| list: string |
| - name: split |
| dtype: string |
| - name: num_answer_options |
| dtype: int32 |
| --- |
| |
| # HighSchoolBench-MCQ |
|
|
| [GitHub](https://github.com/sciknoworg/high-school-science) • [Master’s thesis](https://doi.org/10.15488/22429) |
|
|
| ## Dataset description |
|
|
| **HighSchoolBench-MCQ** contains **7,549 multiple-choice questions** from high-school standardized assessments and science competitions. It is the multiple-choice component of **HighSchoolBench**, a multimodal benchmark for evaluating language and vision-language models on high-school assessment questions. |
|
|
| The questions come from assessments such as **NAEP, SAT, PSAT, PISA, ACT, and IB**, U.S. state examinations, science bowls, and U.S. science olympiads. They include text-based questions and questions involving diagrams, images, and tables. Answer options are provided as text, images, or tables. |
|
|
| Each question includes the correct answer label(s) and metadata identifying its source assessment, subject, and domain. The open-ended component is available separately as [HighSchoolBench-OEQ](https://huggingface.co/datasets/SciKnowOrg/HighSchoolBench-OEQ). |
|
|
| ## Dataset statistics |
|
|
| The dataset contains **7,549 questions and 2,419 images**. |
|
|
| | Split | Questions | |
| |---|---:| |
| | `train` | 1,143 | |
| | `validation` | 375 | |
| | `test` | 6,031 | |
| | **Total** | **7,549** | |
|
|
| The source split `val` is exposed as `validation` on Hugging Face. The `split` field retains the original source label. |
|
|
| ## Configurations |
|
|
| The dataset is organized into **15 configurations** according to the question context and answer-option format. |
|
|
| | Configuration | Question context | Option format | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | `context_text_only__text_options` | Text | Text | |
| | `context_text_only__image_options` | Text | Images | |
| | `context_text_only__table_options` | Text | Tables | |
| | `context_text_images__text_options` | Text and images | Text | |
| | `context_text_images__image_options` | Text and images | Images | |
| | `context_text_table__text_options` | Text and tables | Text | |
| | `context_text_table__image_options` | Text and tables | Images | |
| | `context_text_table_image__text_options` | Text, tables, and images | Text | |
| | `context_text_table_image__image_options` | Text, tables, and images | Images | |
| | `context_text_contextualized_images__text_options` | Images with associated passages | Text | |
| | `context_text_contextualized_images__image_options` | Images with associated passages | Images | |
| | `context_text_contextualized_tables__text_options` | Tables with associated passages | Text | |
| | `context_text_contextualized_tables__image_options` | Tables with associated passages | Images | |
| | `context_text_contextualized_tables_images__text_options` | Tables and images with associated passages | Text | |
| | `context_text_contextualized_tables_images__image_options` | Tables and images with associated passages | Images | |
|
|
| In contextualized configurations, individual images and tables are stored alongside their associated passages. Some configurations contain only a test split. |
|
|
| ## Data format |
|
|
| ### Main fields |
|
|
| | Field | Description | |
| |---|---| |
| | `id` | Question identifier from the source file. | |
| | `assessment_program` | Source assessment or competition. | |
| | `assessment_stage` | Assessment stage or exam type. | |
| | `subject` | Subject assigned to the question. | |
| | `domain` | Topic within the subject. | |
| | `context` | Supporting passage or shared context, when available. | |
| | `question` | Question stem. Mathematical expressions use LaTeX. | |
| | `options` | Ordered answer options as strings or images. Table options are represented as Markdown strings. | |
| | `option_labels` | Labels corresponding to the answer options. | |
| | `answer` | List of correct option labels. | |
| | `split` | Original split label: `train`, `val`, or `test`. | |
| | `num_answer_options` | Number of correct options, equal to `len(answer)`. | |
|
|
| ### Context-specific fields |
|
|
| The following fields appear where relevant to the configuration: |
|
|
| | Field | Description | |
| |---|---| |
| | `images` | List of images accompanying the question. | |
| | `image_context` | Text associated with the images. | |
| | `tables` | Tables represented as Markdown strings. | |
| | `table_context` | Text associated with the tables. | |
| | `image_N`, `image_context_N` | Individual image and its associated passage. | |
| | `table_N`, `table_context_N` | Individual table and its associated passage. | |
| | `option_image_label_groups` | Option labels represented in each answer-option image. | |
|
|
| An answer-option image may contain several choices. For example, `[["A", "B", "C", "D"]]` indicates that one image contains all four labeled choices. |
|
|
| ### Available files |
|
|
| The dataset is provided in two formats: |
|
|
| - **Parquet:** `data/<configuration>/`, with typed columns and embedded images. These files are used by the Hugging Face dataset viewer and `load_dataset`. |
| - **JSON Lines and images:** `subsets/<configuration>/<split>/`, containing a `metadata.jsonl` file and the images referenced by its records. |
|
|
| In Parquet, `options` and `option_labels` are separate ordered lists. In the JSON Lines files, options retain their source representation, usually a mapping such as `{"A": "...", "B": "..."}`. |
|
|
| ## Usage |
|
|
| Load a configuration using the Hugging Face `datasets` library: |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| dataset = load_dataset( |
| "SciKnowOrg/HighSchoolBench-MCQ", |
| "context_text_images__text_options", |
| ) |
| |
| print(dataset) |
| ``` |
|
|
| Access a question and its text answer options: |
|
|
| ```python |
| example = dataset["test"][0] |
| |
| print("Context:", example["context"]) |
| print("Question:", example["question"]) |
| |
| for label, option in zip( |
| example["option_labels"], |
| example["options"], |
| ): |
| print(f"{label}. {option}") |
| |
| print("Correct answer:", example["answer"]) |
| |
| # Question images are decoded as PIL images. |
| images = example["images"] |
| ``` |
|
|
| List the available configurations: |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import get_dataset_config_names |
| |
| print(get_dataset_config_names("SciKnowOrg/HighSchoolBench-MCQ")) |
| ``` |
|
|
| To download the JSON Lines files and accompanying images: |
|
|
| ```bash |
| hf download SciKnowOrg/HighSchoolBench-MCQ \ |
| --repo-type dataset \ |
| --include "subsets/*" \ |
| --local-dir HighSchoolBench-MCQ |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| If you use HighSchoolBench, please cite: |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @misc{rani2026highschoolbench, |
| title = {HighSchoolBench: A Multimodal Benchmark of High School Assessment Questions}, |
| author = {Rani, Krishna and D'Souza, Jennifer}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| publisher = {Hugging Face}, |
| howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/SciKnowOrg/HighSchoolBench-MCQ}, |
| \url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/SciKnowOrg/HighSchoolBench-OEQ}} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| HighSchoolBench was introduced in the following master’s thesis: |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @mastersthesis{rani2026highschoolbench_thesis, |
| title = {Toward Robust LLM Benchmarking in High School Science Education: |
| Constructing a QA Corpus from Standardized Tests}, |
| author = {Rani, Krishna}, |
| school = {Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit{\"a}t Hannover}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| doi = {10.15488/22429}, |
| url = {https://doi.org/10.15488/22429} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
