Datasets:
| {"instance": 4, "assessment_program": "mcap", "assessment_type": "state", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "earth_science", "domain": "Earth Systems", "context": "A group of students want to examine how the storage of solar radiation impacts Earth's global climate. They decide to perform an experiment in which they determine how land and water absorb and retain thermal energy. To represent land, the students use sand. The students place each material in a beaker and place them under a heat lamp for 10 minutes. Every 2 minutes they record the temperatures. After 10 minutes, the students turn off the heat lamp and continue to record the temperatures as the materials cool. The students created the graph using the data they collected.", "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/a5964689b0b760d284c3cc421c38233c_4_img.webp"], "tables": "table_1:\nmarkdown:\n| Material | Specific Heat (Joule/gram °C) |\n| --- | --- |\n| Liquid water | 4.18 |\n| Solid water (ice) | 2.11 |\n| Water vapor | 2.00 |\n| Seawater | 3.90 |\n| Oxygen (gas) | 0.92 |\n| Dry air | 1.01 |\n| Moist air | 1.44 |\n| Granite rock | 0.84 |\n| Dry sand | 0.80 |\n| Moist sand | 2.51 |\n\ntitle:\nSpecific Heat of Earth Materials", "question": "Which change to the specific heat experiment might the students have made to better understand the relationship between specific heat of earth materials and climate?", "answer_options": {"A": "Set up a thermometer in each beaker to record the temperature of the air inside the beakers.", "B": "Heat the materials for a longer period of time until they could not have absorbed any more thermal energy.", "C": "Test salt water and rock as well to compare the results with other earth materials.", "D": "Record temperature data until the earth material stopped cooling off."}, "answer_option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "correct_answer": ["B"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |
| {"instance": 15, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_type": "state", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "biology", "domain": "Molecular Biology", "context": "The CFTR gene is responsible for regulating the flow of water across cell membranes that produce mucus, sweat, saliva, and tears. Mucus is the substance that moistens and protects the lining of airways in the lungs, the digestive system, and other tissues in the body.\n\nAn inherited condition is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene. For people with this CFTR mutation, the cells that make mucus produce a very thick mucus, which builds up. The buildup of thick mucus in the lungs can lead to severe breathing problems, such as frequent coughing and respiratory infections. A buildup of thick mucus in the pancreas can also disrupt digestion.\n\nThe diagram shows a pedigree for a family that is affected by this inherited condition. The table shows the amino acids coded for by mRNA codons.", "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/11_0.jpg"], "tables": "table_1:\n| UUU Phe UUC Phe UUA Leu UUG Leu | UCU Ser UCC Ser UCA Ser UCG Ser | UAU Tyr UAC Tyr UAA STOP UAG STOP | UGU Cys UGC Cys UGA STOP UGG Trp |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| CUU Leu CUC Leu CUA Leu CUG Leu | CCU Pro CCC Pro CCA Pro CCG Pro | CAU His CAC His CAA Gln CAG Gln | CGU Arg CGC Arg CGA Arg GGG Arg |\n| AUU Ile AUC Ile AUA Ile AUG Met | ACU Thr ACC Thr ACA Thr ACG Thr | AAU Asn AAC Asn AAA Lys AAG Lys | AGU Ser AGC Ser AGA Arg AGG Arg |\n| GUU Val GUC Val GUA Val GUG Val | GCU Ala GCC Ala GCA Ala GCG Ala | GAU Asp GAC Asp GAA Glu GAG Glu | GGU Gly GGC Gly GGG Gly GGG Gly |", "question": "Based on the information, which amino acid is missing in the protein produced by the CFTR mutation?", "answer_options": {"A": "Glu", "B": "Phe", "C": "Ser", "D": "Val"}, "answer_option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "correct_answer": ["B"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |
| {"instance": 17, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_type": "state", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": "Rock pocket mice are small rodents that live in Arizona and New Mexico. They can have either light- colored fur or dark- colored fur. Fur color is determined by a group of pigments called melanin. Two types of melanin are pheomelanin and eumelanin. Mice with light- colored fur mostly have pheomelanin, whereas mice with dark- colored fur mostly have eumelanin. In rock pocket mice, the Mc1r gene controls whether eumelanin or pheomelanin is produced. Scientists have identified two alleles, D and d, for the gene. The allele for dark- colored fur (D) is dominant to the allele for light- colored fur (d). ost of the habitat for rock pocket mice consists of light- colored rock called granite. However, there are several areas where the mice live that are made up of dark- colored rock called basalt. Basalt rock formed when lava flowed over granite rock and cooled. Owls and other predators use their sense of sight to hunt rock pocket mice. The map shows six study sites where scientists have observed these mice. Scientists collected data on the fur color of rock pocket mice and the type of rock at each study site. The table shows the type of rock, the number of mice with light-colored fur, and the number of mice with dark-colored fur at each study site.Researchers want to determine whether the mice at site 5 have become a different species from the mice at site 6.", "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/12_0.jpg"], "tables": "table_1:\n| Study Site | Type of Rock | Light-Colored Fur | Dark-Colored Fur |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | basalt | 2 | 6 |\n| 2 | granite | 10 | 1 |\n| 3 | granite | 15 | 0 |\n| 4 | granite | 5 | 0 |\n| 5 | granite | 12 | 0 |\n| 6 | basalt | 1 | 7 |", "question": "An investigation designed to answer which of the following questions would best help researchers determine whether the mice at these two sites have become different species?", "answer_options": {"A": "Do the mice at sites 5 and 6 eat the same types of food?", "B": "Do the mice at sites 5 and 6 have similar population sizes?", "C": "Do the mice at sites 5 and 6 interbreed and produce fertile offspring?", "D": "Do the mice at sites 5 and 6 spend more time underground or above ground?"}, "answer_option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "correct_answer": ["C"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |
| {"instance": 18, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_type": "state", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": "Rock pocket mice are small rodents that live in Arizona and New Mexico. They can have either light- colored fur or dark- colored fur. Fur color is determined by a group of pigments called melanin. Two types of melanin are pheomelanin and eumelanin. Mice with light- colored fur mostly have pheomelanin, whereas mice with dark- colored fur mostly have eumelanin. In rock pocket mice, the Mc1r gene controls whether eumelanin or pheomelanin is produced. Scientists have identified two alleles, D and d, for the gene. The allele for dark- colored fur (D) is dominant to the allele for light- colored fur (d). ost of the habitat for rock pocket mice consists of light- colored rock called granite. However, there are several areas where the mice live that are made up of dark- colored rock called basalt. Basalt rock formed when lava flowed over granite rock and cooled. Owls and other predators use their sense of sight to hunt rock pocket mice. The map shows six study sites where scientists have observed these mice. Scientists collected data on the fur color of rock pocket mice and the type of rock at each study site. The table shows the type of rock, the number of mice with light-colored fur, and the number of mice with dark-colored fur at each study site.Scientists think that fur color in mice evolved through natural selection.", "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/12_0.jpg"], "tables": "table_1:\n| Study Site | Type of Rock | Light-Colored Fur | Dark-Colored Fur |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | basalt | 2 | 6 |\n| 2 | granite | 10 | 1 |\n| 3 | granite | 15 | 0 |\n| 4 | granite | 5 | 0 |\n| 5 | granite | 12 | 0 |\n| 6 | basalt | 1 | 7 |", "question": "Which of the following would have been necessary for natural selection to occur?", "answer_options": {"A": "variation in the alleles for fur color in mice", "B": "migration of mice with different fur colors", "C": "identical genetic sequences in mice", "D": "small populations of mice"}, "answer_option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "correct_answer": ["A"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |
| {"instance": 19, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_type": "state", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": "Rock pocket mice are small rodents that live in Arizona and New Mexico. They can have either light- colored fur or dark- colored fur. Fur color is determined by a group of pigments called melanin. Two types of melanin are pheomelanin and eumelanin. Mice with light- colored fur mostly have pheomelanin, whereas mice with dark- colored fur mostly have eumelanin. In rock pocket mice, the Mc1r gene controls whether eumelanin or pheomelanin is produced. Scientists have identified two alleles, D and d, for the gene. The allele for dark- colored fur (D) is dominant to the allele for light- colored fur (d). ost of the habitat for rock pocket mice consists of light- colored rock called granite. However, there are several areas where the mice live that are made up of dark- colored rock called basalt. Basalt rock formed when lava flowed over granite rock and cooled. Owls and other predators use their sense of sight to hunt rock pocket mice. The map shows six study sites where scientists have observed these mice. Scientists collected data on the fur color of rock pocket mice and the type of rock at each study site. The table shows the type of rock, the number of mice with light-colored fur, and the number of mice with dark-colored fur at each study site.Predation of rock pocket mice plays a role in their population sizes. Scientists concluded that the primary selection pressure affecting fur color in rock pocket mice is predation.", "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/12_0.jpg"], "tables": "table_1:\n| Study Site | Type of Rock | Light-Colored Fur | Dark-Colored Fur |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | basalt | 2 | 6 |\n| 2 | granite | 10 | 1 |\n| 3 | granite | 15 | 0 |\n| 4 | granite | 5 | 0 |\n| 5 | granite | 12 | 0 |\n| 6 | basalt | 1 | 7 |", "question": "Which of the following best supports this conclusion?", "answer_options": {"A": "Mice with dark-colored fur have fewer offspring on basalt rock.", "B": "Mice with dark-colored fur have decreased fitness on basalt rock.", "C": "Mice with light-colored fur are more likely to survive and reproduce on granite rock.", "D": "Mice with light-colored fur are more likely to mate with mice with dark-colored fur on granite rock."}, "answer_option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "correct_answer": ["C"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |
| {"instance": 32, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_type": "state", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": "## An Erie Ecosystem Presque Isle is located along the short stretch of Pennsylvania coastline on Lake Erie. ### Presque Isle and Vicinity Many different species of plants and animals live in the waters near Presque Isle. An environmental scientist decided to investigate the impact of human activity on the environment surrounding Presque Isle. The scientist used a net to catch several different fish species in the waters off the west shore of the isle. The scientist also took water samples and scrapings from the bottom of Lake Erie to analyze. The scientist was able to identify several different organisms. The food web shows the relationship of some of the organisms within the Presque Isle coastal ecosystem.**Food Web** The scientist observed that very few amphipods were present in the water samples that were collected. The scientist thought that the reduced number of amphipods might indicate an endangered ecosystem. In a preliminary report, the scientist hypothesized that the absence of amphipods was due to pesticides being released into Lake Erie that were especially toxic to aquatic invertebrates.Use the table below to answer the question.", "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/84e07176a86844b3866d5bc66c9862df_8_img.webp", "images/context_text_table_image__text_options/84e07176a86844b3866d5bc66c9862df_10_img.webp"], "tables": "table_1:\n| Step | Action |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Analyze the water for the presence of different pesticides. |\n| 2 | Communicate the data and results of the investigation to a peer-reviewed scientific journal. |\n| 3 | Allow many other scientists to perform experiments, review the data, and agree with the hypothesis. |\n| 4 | Draw a conclusion about any pesticides found in the water that could be causing the extinction of water fleas. |\n| 5 | Collect additional samples from Presque Isle Bay and the waters north and east of Presque Isle. |", "question": "Which sequence of steps is needed for the scientist's hypothesis about the absence of amphipods to eventually become a theory?", "answer_options": {"A": "3, 2, 4, 1, 5", "B": "4, 3, 5, 1, 2", "C": "5, 1, 4, 2, 3", "D": "5, 4, 3, 2, 1"}, "answer_option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "correct_answer": ["C"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |
| {"instance": 38, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_type": "state", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "A model of transcription and a codon chart are shown.\n\n\n\nCodon Chart\n\n<table border=\"1\"><thead><tr><th rowspan=\"2\"></th><th colspan=\"4\">Second Base</th><th rowspan=\"2\">Third Base</th></tr><tr><th>U</th><th>C</th><th>A</th><th>G</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">First Base<br/>U</td><td>Phe</td><td>Ser</td><td>Tyr</td><td>Cys</td><td>U</td></tr><tr><td>Phe</td><td>Ser</td><td>Tyr</td><td>Cys</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><td>Leu</td><td>Ser</td><td>Stop</td><td>Stop</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><td>Leu</td><td>Ser</td><td>Stop</td><td>Trp</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">First Base<br/>C</td><td>Leu</td><td>Pro</td><td>His</td><td>Arg</td><td>U</td></tr><tr><td>Leu</td><td>Pro</td><td>His</td><td>Arg</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><td>Leu</td><td>Pro</td><td>Gln</td><td>Arg</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><td>Leu</td><td>Pro</td><td>Gln</td><td>Arg</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">First Base<br/>A</td><td>Ile</td><td>Thr</td><td>Asn</td><td>Ser</td><td>U</td></tr><tr><td>Ile</td><td>Thr</td><td>Asn</td><td>Ser</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><td>Ile</td><td>Thr</td><td>Lys</td><td>Arg</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><td>Met</td><td>Thr</td><td>Lys</td><td>Arg</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">First Base<br/>G</td><td>Val</td><td>Ala</td><td>Asp</td><td>Gly</td><td>U</td></tr><tr><td>Val</td><td>Ala</td><td>Asp</td><td>Gly</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><td>Val</td><td>Ala</td><td>Glu</td><td>Gly</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><td>Val</td><td>Ala</td><td>Glu</td><td>Gly</td><td>G</td></tr></tbody></table>", "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/7e825c649144bf5403f23502985d81d3_2_img.webp"], "tables": "table_1:\n| | Second Base | | | | Third Base |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | U | C | A | G | |\n| First Base U | Phe | Ser | Tyr | Cys | U |\n| | Phe | Ser | Tyr | Cys | C |\n| | Leu | Ser | Stop | Stop | A |\n| | Leu | Ser | Stop | Trp | G |\n| First Base C | Leu | Pro | His | Arg | U |\n| | Leu | Pro | His | Arg | C |\n| | Leu | Pro | Gln | Arg | A |\n| | Leu | Pro | Gln | Arg | G |\n| First Base A | Ile | Thr | Asn | Ser | U |\n| | Ile | Thr | Asn | Ser | C |\n| | Ile | Thr | Lys | Arg | A |\n| | Met | Thr | Lys | Arg | G |\n| First Base G | Val | Ala | Asp | Gly | U |\n| | Val | Ala | Asp | Gly | C |\n| | Val | Ala | Glu | Gly | A |\n| | Val | Ala | Glu | Gly | G |", "question": "Which amino acid would be coded first from the DNA strand being transcribed?", "answer_options": {"F": "Cys", "G": "Phe", "H": "Ile", "J": "Met"}, "answer_option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "correct_answer": ["J"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |
| {"instance": 39, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_type": "state", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "history", "domain": "us_history", "context": "Events in the United States in the Late 1920s", "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/31d696dd118dcd6fae261da2c2c136b9_8_img.webp"], "tables": "table_1:\nmarkdown:\n| Consumers are unable to continue making payments on installment plans | Demand for consumer goods declines | Manufacturers reduce production | ? |\n\ntitle:\nEvents in the United States in the Late 1920s", "question": "Which action completes this cause-and-effect diagram?", "answer_options": {"F": "Banks lower interest rates", "G": "Elected leaders lower tariff rates", "H": "Companies lay off employees", "J": "Labor unions demand higher wages"}, "answer_option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "correct_answer": ["H"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |
| {"instance": 49, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_type": "national", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "environmental_materials_chemistry", "context": null, "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/53_0.jpg"], "tables": "table_1:\nTable 1\nElement\nSymbol\nPercent by mass in Alloy Q\n| Table 1 | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Element | Symbol | Percent by mass in Alloy Q |\n| Aluminum | Al | 88.7 |\n| Silicon | Si | 10.8 |\n| Manganese | Mn | 0.28 |\n| Magnesium | Mg | 0.22 |", "question": " A linear region of a graph is a range of data that can be approximated with a straight line. Based on Figure 1, for Alloy Q initially at a temperature of $550^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ , which of the following ranges of $F$ best represents a linear region?", "answer_options": {"A": "Between 0 and $10\\times 10^{7}$", "B": "Between $10\\times 10^{7}$ and $20\\times 10^{7}$", "C": "Between $20\\times 10^{7}$ and $30\\times 10^{7}$", "D": "Between $30\\times 10^{7}$ and $40\\times 10^{7}$"}, "answer_option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "correct_answer": ["D"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |
| {"instance": 50, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_type": "national", "assessment_category": null, "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "environmental_materials_chemistry", "context": null, "images": ["images/context_text_table_image__text_options/53_0.jpg"], "tables": "table_1:\nTable 1\nElement\nSymbol\nPercent by mass in Alloy Q\n| Table 1 | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Element | Symbol | Percent by mass in Alloy Q |\n| Aluminum | Al | 88.7 |\n| Silicon | Si | 10.8 |\n| Manganese | Mn | 0.28 |\n| Magnesium | Mg | 0.22 |", "question": "Consider the 2 trends shown for Alloy Q initially at the temperatures of $280^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ and $550^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ , from $F = 40\\times 10^{7}$ through $F = 48\\times 10^{7}$ . If these lines were to continue along the same trend, at which of the following values of $F$ would the average crystal lengths most likely be the same?", "answer_options": {"A": "$F = 50\\times 10^{7}$", "B": "$F = 60\\times 10^{7}$", "C": "$F = 70\\times 10^{7}$", "D": "$F = 80\\times 10^{7}$"}, "answer_option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "correct_answer": ["B"], "num_correct_answer_options": 1, "split": "train"} | |