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116,698 | 116,356 | 5a7e3e8b70df9f001a87562e | generic | The period preceding, and contemporary with, the Protestant Reformation saw the translation of the Bible into local European languages—a development that contributed to Western Christianity's split into Roman Catholicism and Protestantism due to disparities between Catholic and Protestant versions of crucial words and ... | What union did similarities between versions of crucial words and passages in versions of the bible contribute to? | {'text': 'Roman Catholicism and Protestantism', 'answer_start': 203} |
41,197 | 40,855 | 5a299b2003c0e7001a3e183d | generic | From the Rigveda until the time of Pāṇini (fourth century BCE) the development of the early Vedic language can be observed in other Vedic texts: the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Brahmanas, and Upanishads. During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to it... | What language was used for philisophical purposes? | {'text': 'Vedic', 'answer_start': 92} |
25,182 | 24,840 | 56f8b7f99e9bad19000a0395 | generic | Early work in molecular genetics suggested the model that one gene makes one protein. This model has been refined since the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins by alternative splicing and coding sequences split in short section across the genome whose mRNAs are concatenated by trans-splicing. | How do genes encode multiple proteins? | {'text': 'by alternative splicing and coding sequences', 'answer_start': 177} |
20,430 | 20,088 | 5acf642377cf76001a684d34 | generic | The University Daily Kansan operates outside of the university's William Allen White School of Journalism and reaches an audience of at least 30,000 daily readers through its print and online publications | How big is the Daily Kansan's staff? | {'text': 'at least 30,000', 'answer_start': 133} |
43,044 | 42,702 | 5ad2c367d7d075001a42a134 | generic | The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of British sealing expeditions in the Weddell Sea. Antarctic krill, which congregate in large ... | What is named after James Sir Weddell? | {'text': 'Weddell seal', 'answer_start': 153} |
101,104 | 100,762 | 572f80b8947a6a140053c9d6 | generic | Until recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was "often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties". Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary, asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own. Simon R... | What did Nicholas Leonard say united post-punk? | {'text': 'cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song', 'answer_start': 776} |
84,346 | 84,004 | 572813383acd2414000df3d5 | generic | By 1957, pan-Arabism was the dominant ideology of the Arab world, and the average Arab citizen considered Nasser his undisputed leader. Historian Adeed Dawisha credited Nasser's status to his "charisma, bolstered by his perceived victory in the Suez Crisis". The Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs radio station spread Nasse... | What did the admirers of Nasser lack? | {'text': 'structure and organization', 'answer_start': 835} |
127,936 | 127,594 | 5aceee5932bba1001ae4b94a | generic | Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of p... | How many disabled people are unregistered in Tajikistan? | {'text': '104,272', 'answer_start': 244} |
89,733 | 89,391 | 5728d8be4b864d1900164f6d | generic | Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products. Traditionally in s... | What food gathering behaviors are now seen as hobbies in modern Estonian culture? | {'text': 'Hunting and fishing', 'answer_start': 464} |
25,077 | 24,735 | 56f8935baef23719006261d0 | generic | The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding ... | What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA? | {'text': 'RNA', 'answer_start': 252} |
120,601 | 120,259 | 57312d2a05b4da19006bce4d | generic | Red was the color of the banner of the Byzantine emperors. In Western Europe, Emperor Charlemagne painted his palace red as a very visible symbol of his authority, and wore red shoes at his coronation. Kings, princes and, beginning in 1295, Roman Catholic cardinals began to wear red costumes. When Abbe Suger rebuilt Sa... | Who rebuilt the basilica of Saint Denis? | {'text': 'Abbe Suger', 'answer_start': 299} |
57,234 | 56,892 | 5726b0ca708984140094cdf6 | generic | Napoleon turned his focus to domestic affairs after the war. Empress Joséphine had still not given birth to a child from Napoleon, who became worried about the future of his empire following his death. Desperate for a legitimate heir, Napoleon divorced Joséphine in January 1810 and started looking for a new wife. Hopin... | How old was Archduchess Marie Louise when she married Napoleon? | {'text': '18', 'answer_start': 449} |
58,887 | 58,545 | 57265877dd62a815002e8244 | generic | Another limitation of current U.S. Intellectual Property legislation is its focus on individual and joint works; thus, copyright protection can only be obtained in 'original' works of authorship. This definition excludes any works that are the result of community creativity, for example Native American songs and storie... | Requiring written records enforces what kind of bias? | {'text': 'Western', 'answer_start': 579} |
15,249 | 14,907 | 56e03088231d4119001abfa6 | generic | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevert... | What was thought to be only good for children and those who could not read or write? | {'text': 'Comics', 'answer_start': 0} |
10,889 | 10,547 | 5acfa22477cf76001a685626 | generic | The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders. | From what ideals did Classical architecture not come from? | {'text': 'civic ideals', 'answer_start': 106} |
124,105 | 123,763 | 5731f53ce17f3d1400422583 | generic | Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France... | Where do most emigrant Armenians live? | {'text': 'Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria', 'answer_start': 287} |
4,812 | 4,470 | 56ce55feaab44d1400b886ce | generic | Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. | Where does solar energy come from? | {'text': 'the Sun', 'answer_start': 44} |
8,626 | 8,284 | 5acfc1c677cf76001a685d1a | generic | The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese. | Who is directly below the premier in the People's Republic of China? | {'text': "National People's Congress", 'answer_start': 83} |
38,556 | 38,214 | 570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac9 | generic | On the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies.... | How do gymnasts normally mount the uneven bars? | {'text': 'using a springboard, or a small mat', 'answer_start': 713} |
69,956 | 69,614 | 5ace68d832bba1001ae4a5f1 | generic | An early formal system of temporal logic was studied by Avicenna. Although he did not develop a real theory of temporal propositions, he did study the relationship between temporalis and the implication. Avicenna's work was further developed by Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī and became the dominant system of Islamic ... | Whorefuted the law of noncontradiction? | {'text': 'Avicenna', 'answer_start': 459} |
34,242 | 33,900 | 570a54a84103511400d5960e | generic | In 2003 Imperial was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right by the Privy Council. The London Centre for Nanotechnology was established in the same year as a joint venture between UCL and Imperial College London. In 2004 the Tanaka Business School (now named the Imperial College Business School) and a new Main ... | The Londre Centre for Nanotechnology was a joint effort between UCL and which college? | {'text': 'Imperial College London', 'answer_start': 196} |
60,505 | 60,163 | 5a5fd25eeae51e001ab14c97 | generic | Marvel held its own comic book convention, Marvelcon '75, in spring 1975, and promised a Marvelcon '76. At the 1975 event, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby, the artist co-creator of most of Marvel's signature characters, was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to wor... | What was DC Comic's 1975 convention called? | {'text': 'Marvelcon', 'answer_start': 43} |
81,514 | 81,172 | 5728d0262ca10214002da889 | generic | London is one of the major classical and popular music capitals of the world and is home to major music corporations, such as EMI and Warner Music Group as well as countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the Barbican Arts Centre (princip... | What are the names of London's two primary opera houses? | {'text': 'the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum', 'answer_start': 512} |
21,894 | 21,552 | 5ad3fe4b604f3c001a3ffc2b | generic | In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells—one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester. The two service bells and the 1320 bell, al... | Who cast the three service bells? | {'text': 'Robert Mot,', 'answer_start': 49} |
10,403 | 10,061 | 56df9fbe38dc421700152112 | generic | Occupancy sensors to allow operation for whenever someone is within the area being scanned can control lighting. When motion can no longer be detected, the lights shut off. Passive infrared sensors react to changes in heat, such as the pattern created by a moving person. The control must have an unobstructed view of th... | What sensor controls light with motion sensors? | {'text': 'Occupancy sensors', 'answer_start': 0} |
6,324 | 5,982 | 56db0b29e7c41114004b4cbc | generic | Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "This Is the Night", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer. | What was Aiken's single release named? | {'text': 'This Is the Night', 'answer_start': 158} |
21,992 | 21,650 | 56e9ed745a205f1900d6d32c | generic | Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Mi... | One form of corruption involves the hiring of family members, which is called what? | {'text': 'nepotism', 'answer_start': 68} |
92,972 | 92,630 | 5a7b724b21c2de001afea017 | generic | A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be discovered and corrected. Testing cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions but can only establish that it does not function properly under specific conditions. The scope of software testing often includes e... | What does software testing always include? | {'text': 'examination of code as well as execution of that code in various environments and conditions as well as examining the aspects of code', 'answer_start': 319} |
127,112 | 126,770 | 5732c4bcd6dcfa19001e8aae | generic | In Terry v. Ohio (1968) the court divided seizure into two parts, the investigatory stop and arrest. The court further held that during an investigatory stop a police officer's search " [is] confined to what [is] minimally necessary to determine whether [a suspect] is armed, and the intrusion, which [is] made for the s... | When was the Terry v. Ohio case? | {'text': '1968', 'answer_start': 18} |
48,892 | 48,550 | 571aa3cf10f8ca140030522d | generic | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | Along with army leaders, police and civil administration, what did the governor control in his province? | {'text': 'religious officials', 'answer_start': 223} |
86,376 | 86,034 | 5ad35219604f3c001a3fdd03 | generic | Despite the initial negative press, several websites have given the system very good reviews mostly regarding its hardware. CNET United Kingdom praised the system saying, "the PS3 is a versatile and impressive piece of home-entertainment equipment that lives up to the hype [...] the PS3 is well worth its hefty price ta... | What website said the PlayStation 4 "lives up to the hype"? | {'text': 'CNET United Kingdom', 'answer_start': 124} |
51,997 | 51,655 | 572644e91125e71900ae1945 | generic | Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture. Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West. Lucius Columella, writing in the first century... | When did ducks begin to appear in the books of Western Europeon Society ? | {'text': 'ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD', 'answer_start': 568} |
24,370 | 24,028 | 56f81977aef2371900625dcf | generic | Poland's successive kings granted privileges to the nobility at the time of their election to the throne (the privileges being specified in the king-elect's Pacta conventa) and at other times in exchange for ad hoc permission to raise an extraordinary tax or a pospolite ruszenie. | When did kings grant privileges to the nobles? | {'text': 'at the time of their election to the throne', 'answer_start': 61} |
36,477 | 36,135 | 570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80a | generic | A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents... | Why would a knuckle -space count be used to determine months? | {'text': 'language-independent', 'answer_start': 2} |
114,961 | 114,619 | 57331b0dd058e614000b56fe | generic | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What book of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy? | {'text': 'Process and Reality', 'answer_start': 603} |
59,958 | 59,616 | 57267187dd62a815002e850f | generic | Of the approximately 850 municipalities of Thuringia, 126 are classed as towns (within a district) or cities (forming their own urban district). Most of the towns are small with a population of less than 10,000; only the ten biggest ones have a population greater than 30,000. The first towns emerged during the 12th cen... | What was the latest a town was established in Thuringia? | {'text': 'the 20th century', 'answer_start': 379} |
60,078 | 59,736 | 57265a7cdd62a815002e8278 | generic | In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation often results in the death of the prey and the eventual absorption of the p... | What must a species do in order to be classified as a predator? | {'text': 'direct impact on the prey population', 'answer_start': 1007} |
94,274 | 93,932 | 5a3e7371378766001a0025cb | generic | Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, abo... | Who described Monte Pellegrino in the 1900's | {'text': 'Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,', 'answer_start': 606} |
126,855 | 126,513 | 57329c9cd6dcfa19001e8a26 | generic | This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to... | Who was Paris's first head of police? | {'text': 'Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie', 'answer_start': 30} |
116,496 | 116,154 | 5730621f2461fd1900a9cdf1 | generic | Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab a... | What would Western traditions eventually do? | {'text': 'overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions', 'answer_start': 500} |
48,490 | 48,148 | 5ad37aff604f3c001a3fe3e6 | generic | The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the agency to approve the application—until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities. Several thousand newborns in Europe and elsewhere suffered the teratogenic effects of thalidomide. Though th... | When was the drug taken off shelves in the USA? | {'text': 'November 1961', 'answer_start': 86} |
56,519 | 56,177 | 5a67c170f038b7001ab0c44f | generic | Digital cameras have far surpassed film in terms of sensitivity to light, with ISO equivalent speeds of up to 409,600, a number that is unfathomable in the realm of conventional film photography. Faster processors, as well as advances in software noise reduction techniques allow this type of processing to be executed t... | What is the highest ISO speed a film camera can reach? | {'text': '409,600', 'answer_start': 110} |
15,256 | 14,914 | 56e03125231d4119001abfac | generic | The graphic novel—book-length comics—began to gain attention after Will Eisner popularized the term with his book A Contract with God (1978). The term became widely known with the public after the commercial success of Maus, Watchmen, and The Dark Knight Returns in the mid-1980s. In the 21st century graphic novels beca... | Who helped "graphic novel" get public attention? | {'text': 'Will Eisner', 'answer_start': 67} |
3,283 | 2,941 | 56d5005d2ccc5a1400d833f5 | generic | According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close ... | When wasmost of the energy released during the initial eruption? | {'text': 'first 80 sec.', 'answer_start': 376} |
73,964 | 73,622 | 5729499d1d04691400779256 | generic | New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court. There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal lead... | Exactly who were the slaves upon the Spanish slaveship? | {'text': 'Mende tribesmen', 'answer_start': 136} |
34,881 | 34,539 | 5ad278d6d7d075001a42958e | generic | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | Of what discipline isn't affective computing a branch? | {'text': 'computer science', 'answer_start': 26} |
83,925 | 83,583 | 572876804b864d1900164a0e | generic | After the downfall of the prior Gupta Empire in the middle of the 6th century, North India reverted to small republics and small monarchical states ruled by Gupta rulers. Harsha was a convert to Buddhism. He united the small republics from Punjab to central India, and their representatives crowned Harsha king at an ass... | To what religion had Harsha been converted? | {'text': 'Buddhism', 'answer_start': 195} |
121,215 | 120,873 | 57313c1205b4da19006bcf02 | generic | Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. ... | The pebble mosaics found at Tiyns are from what age? | {'text': 'Bronze age', 'answer_start': 0} |
34,338 | 33,996 | 570a5d534103511400d59675 | generic | Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Med... | How many hospitals does it manage? | {'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 379} |
127,702 | 127,360 | 5aced07f32bba1001ae4b548 | generic | The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, move... | Central Africa continued its role as what? | {'text': 'a commercial crossroads', 'answer_start': 429} |
126,782 | 126,440 | 5732ae23cc179a14009dabfc | generic | South America became linked to North America through the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene, bringing a nearly complete end to South America's distinctive marsupial faunas. The formation of the Isthmus had major consequences on global temperatures, since warm equatorial ocean currents were cut off and an Atlantic co... | The Pliocene saw the end of what fauna in South America? | {'text': 'marsupial faunas', 'answer_start': 158} |
10,034 | 9,692 | 56defb6dc65bf219000b3e7d | generic | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | What does the color red symbolize in the clothing worn by Cardinals? | {'text': 'willingness to die for his faith', 'answer_start': 111} |
63,050 | 62,708 | 57268c78708984140094c9bb | generic | According to Max Clifford: Read All About It, written by Clifford and Angela Levin, La Salle invented the story out of frustration with Starr who had been working on a book with McCaffrey. She contacted an acquaintance who worked for The Sun in Manchester. The story reportedly delighted MacKenzie, who was keen to run i... | Who wrote Max Clifford: Read All About It? | {'text': 'Clifford and Angela Levin', 'answer_start': 57} |
50,916 | 50,574 | 5725cadc38643c19005acd0d | generic | Although Turkey and Israel did not establish full diplomatic relations until 1991, Turkey has cooperated with the State since its recognition of Israel in 1949. Turkey's ties to the other Muslim-majority nations in the region have at times resulted in pressure from Arab and Muslim states to temper its relationship with... | When did Turkey and Israel establish full diplomatic relations? | {'text': '1991', 'answer_start': 77} |
92,709 | 92,367 | 5728eb88ff5b5019007da94b | generic | In South Australia, initially a Liberal and Country Party affiliated party, the Liberal and Country League (LCL), mostly led by Premier of South Australia Tom Playford, was in power from the 1933 election to the 1965 election, though with assistance from an electoral malapportionment, or gerrymander, known as the Playm... | How many consecutive losses has the Liberal party faced since the 2002 election? | {'text': 'a record five', 'answer_start': 874} |
2,119 | 1,777 | 56ce75d4aab44d1400b887bd | generic | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | in what year was the original iPod released? | {'text': '2001', 'answer_start': 32} |
19,375 | 19,033 | 56e7834800c9c71400d771fd | generic | Some clock-shift problems could be avoided by adjusting clocks continuously or at least more gradually—for example, Willett at first suggested weekly 20-minute transitions—but this would add complexity and has never been implemented. | Willett's first suggestion was to change clocks by 20 minutes how often? | {'text': 'weekly', 'answer_start': 143} |
65,804 | 65,462 | 5a21d8f78a6e4f001aa08f72 | generic | Another debate developed around the (distinct) criticisms of liberal political theory made by Michael Walzer, Michael Sandel and Charles Taylor. The liberal-communitarian debate is often considered valuable for generating a new set of philosophical problems, rather than a profound and illuminating clash of perspective.... | Who argues that individuals should have political focus? | {'text': 'other communitarians (such as Alasdair MacIntyre and Daniel A. Bell)', 'answer_start': 330} |
64,087 | 63,745 | 5ad3e75d604f3c001a3ff5f8 | generic | Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, Bell Labs Holmdel Complex and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse. T... | What airport wasn't designed by Alumnus Eero Saarinen? | {'text': 'Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal', 'answer_start': 111} |
124,161 | 123,819 | 573218f2e17f3d1400422687 | generic | In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty. A considerable portion of the Armenian nobility and peasantry fled the Byzantine occupation of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, and the subsequent invasion of the region by Seljuk Turks in 1064. The... | What dynasty was Ashot I part of? | {'text': 'the Bagratid Dynasty', 'answer_start': 107} |
117,247 | 116,905 | 5a429fb54a4859001aac7246 | generic | The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 199... | What is the definition of the Hepburn released in Brazil in 1990? | {'text': 'a 16-bit home video game console', 'answer_start': 141} |
9,532 | 9,190 | 56dde56e9a695914005b967f | generic | Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces duri... | What American war threatened Canada? | {'text': 'the American Revolutionary War', 'answer_start': 323} |
42,527 | 42,185 | 570dc90a0b85d914000d7b5e | generic | Although research has been inconclusive, some findings have indicated that electronic communication negatively affects adolescents' social development, replaces face-to-face communication, impairs their social skills, and can sometimes lead to unsafe interaction with strangers. A 2015 review reported that “adolescents ... | Which online activity has been consistently associated with increased liklihood of depression? | {'text': 'cyberbullying', 'answer_start': 362} |
25,971 | 25,629 | 56f986ed9b226e1400dd1514 | generic | In vertebrates, the part of the brain that plays the greatest role is the hypothalamus, a small region at the base of the forebrain whose size does not reflect its complexity or the importance of its function. The hypothalamus is a collection of small nuclei, most of which are involved in basic biological functions. So... | The pituitary gland sends hormones through what in the body? | {'text': 'the bloodstream', 'answer_start': 967} |
125,560 | 125,218 | 57332627d058e614000b5748 | generic | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): ... | According to most analysts, what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate? | {'text': 'the crisis in commercial real estate', 'answer_start': 517} |
61,595 | 61,253 | 5a79baa117ab25001a89ffed | generic | The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant ... | What is the only US state to have a reception statute? | {'text': 'Louisiana', 'answer_start': 130} |
100,882 | 100,540 | 572e6bacc246551400ce422d | generic | Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles.... | What were many groups now labeled as post-punk initially categorized as? | {'text': 'punk or new wave music', 'answer_start': 219} |
9,911 | 9,569 | 56ddeb0c9a695914005b96b8 | generic | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o... | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to? | {'text': '70', 'answer_start': 49} |
53,961 | 53,619 | 57269335dd62a815002e8a07 | generic | The "Bleacher Bums" is a name given to fans, many of whom spend much of the day heckling, who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field. Initially, the group was called "bums" because it referred to a group of fans who were at most games, and since those games were all day games, it was assumed they did not work. Ma... | Who heads the current group? | {'text': 'Derek Schaul', 'answer_start': 968} |
42,336 | 41,994 | 570d7be1b3d812140066d9df | generic | During the fighting, the Communards killed c. 500 people, including the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville. Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed from 7,000–30,000 Communards in the... | How many were killed by the Communards? | {'text': '500 people', 'answer_start': 46} |
122,040 | 121,698 | 5731e806b9d445190005e654 | generic | Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votiv... | With whom did the early Romans expect to associate? | {'text': 'gods', 'answer_start': 519} |
60,491 | 60,149 | 5726826af1498d1400e8e221 | generic | Goodman, now disconnected from Marvel, set up a new company called Seaboard Periodicals in 1974, reviving Marvel's old Atlas name for a new Atlas Comics line, but this lasted only a year and a half. In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel. Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell ... | How long was the 1970s revival of Atlas Comics in business? | {'text': 'a year and a half', 'answer_start': 180} |
17,646 | 17,304 | 56e124adcd28a01900c67647 | generic | Boston was an early port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies, but was soon overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts and Newport, Rhode Island. Eventually Boston became a center of the abolitionist movement. The city reacted strongly to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, contributing to President Fr... | Boston was overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts in what type of trade? | {'text': 'slave trade', 'answer_start': 52} |
69,043 | 68,701 | 5a4556fd19a820001a1eda21 | generic | The nonprofit landscape is highly varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do comprise an often high profile or visible aspect of the sector, there are many other types of nonprofits. Overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. M... | What elements make up human service programs? | {'text': 'an often high profile or visible aspect of the sector', 'answer_start': 153} |
81,629 | 81,287 | 5a397fa12f14dd001ac723ef | generic | In 1860, Adolf Bastian (1826–1905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind". He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements. According to Bastian, all human societies share a set of "elementary ideas" (Elementargedanken); diffe... | Who first taught Bastian's ideas on culture? | {'text': 'Franz Boas', 'answer_start': 493} |
123,832 | 123,490 | 5a7b5a7b21c2de001afe9f4c | generic | Between 1832 and 2002 the currency of Greece was the drachma. After signing the Maastricht Treaty, Greece applied to join the eurozone. The two main convergence criteria were a maximum budget deficit of 3% of GDP and a declining public debt if it stood above 60% of GDP. Greece met the criteria as shown in its 1999 annu... | When did the twenty-year period for eligible exchange of the drachma to euro end? | {'text': 'March 2012', 'answer_start': 692} |
120,225 | 119,883 | 5731600fe6313a140071cea9 | generic | Losing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occurred a mere three dec... | Which fleet did the Japanese destroy? | {'text': 'Beiyang Fleet', 'answer_start': 206} |
104,388 | 104,046 | 5a77462c2d6d7f001a4a9f95 | generic | Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many ... | Does Colorado also use language from the American language when spoken in Spanish? | {'text': 'borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings', 'answer_start': 538} |
128,542 | 128,200 | 5733e7014776f41900661487 | generic | Evolutionary anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and the relation between hominins and non-hominin primates. Evolutionary anthropology is based in natural science and social science, combining the human development with socioeconomic factors. Evolutionary... | What type of approach is evolutionary anthropology based on? | {'text': 'scientific', 'answer_start': 437} |
58,947 | 58,605 | 5acd870f07355d001abf45c1 | generic | "By May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a thick wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet (21 m), with intertwined and elevated roots making landing difficult. Very soon, 'many smokes' appeare... | What didn't Hernando de Soto see? | {'text': 'wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile', 'answer_start': 139} |
108,370 | 108,028 | 572f39d804bcaa1900d7679f | generic | Animals are also involved in the distribution of seeds. Fruit, which is formed by the enlargement of flower parts, is frequently a seed-dispersal tool that attracts animals to eat or otherwise disturb it, incidentally scattering the seeds it contains (see frugivory). Although many such mutualistic relationships remain ... | What does a plant get out of forming fruit? | {'text': 'seed-dispersal', 'answer_start': 131} |
114,544 | 114,202 | 5a134df7c8eab200188dc95a | generic | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to... | What was the name of the 20th centry revival in the United States? | {'text': 'Colonial Revival', 'answer_start': 403} |
7,573 | 7,231 | 56db3639e7c41114004b4f4f | generic | Just days before the relay supporters of Falun Gong demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in the Malaysian capital. As many as 1,000 personnel from the special police unit were expected to be deployed on the day of the relay. A Japanese family with Malaysian citizenship and their 5-year-old child who unfurled a ... | Supporters of what demonstrated at the Chinese embassy in Malaysia? | {'text': 'Falun Gong', 'answer_start': 41} |
86,474 | 86,132 | 572a992cf75d5e190021fb7a | generic | The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power. During the eleven years of personal rule that followed, Charles performed legally dubious actions, such as rais... | Which ruler removed parliament in 1629? | {'text': 'Charles I', 'answer_start': 70} |
75,744 | 75,402 | 57276f50708984140094dd84 | generic | Although Kammu had abandoned universal conscription in 792, he still waged major military offensives to subjugate the Emishi, possible descendants of the displaced Jōmon, living in northern and eastern Japan. After making temporary gains in 794, in 797 Kammu appointed a new commander, Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, under the ... | The Emishi were defeated in what year? | {'text': '801', 'answer_start': 381} |
25,231 | 24,889 | 56f8c4f09e9bad19000a0461 | generic | Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1 | How much of an asexual organism's genome is inherited from its parents? | {'text': 'a complete copy', 'answer_start': 83} |
79,313 | 78,971 | 5727d52c3acd2414000dedaa | generic | In recent years, the School has put on a musical version of The Bacchae (October 2009) as well as productions of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (May 2010), The Cherry Orchard (February 2011), Joseph K (October 2011), Cyrano de Bergerac (May 2012), Macbeth (October 2012), London Assurance (May 2013) and ... | Who is responsible for stage hand duties, lighting, sound, and management? | {'text': 'Boys from the School', 'answer_start': 586} |
35,372 | 35,030 | 570a9c454103511400d5989c | generic | Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Pa... | What is a term for modern texts written in Old English? | {'text': 'Neo-Old English', 'answer_start': 526} |
28,945 | 28,603 | 5706e4d990286e26004fc727 | generic | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | What did the improvements in quality of life increase? | {'text': 'people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander', 'answer_start': 111} |
104,308 | 103,966 | 5a772c362d6d7f001a4a9f46 | generic | Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. T... | Why did the Nicaraguans come to Florida? | {'text': 'political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s', 'answer_start': 81} |
48,434 | 48,092 | 5ad37580604f3c001a3fe303 | generic | In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator, hydralazine. A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis). In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered an... | who developed Ciba? | {'text': 'Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co', 'answer_start': 218} |
91,619 | 91,277 | 57293627af94a219006aa19d | generic | The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a ... | What did Douglas J. Futuyama consider the concept of race as not only being socially dysfunctional but this as well? | {'text': 'biologically indefensible', 'answer_start': 992} |
77,877 | 77,535 | 5a8263fae60761001a2eb235 | generic | In October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a... | The winery of what notable director provided wines for True Grit? | {'text': 'Francis Ford Coppola', 'answer_start': 202} |
128,837 | 128,495 | 5733fcd74776f41900661661 | generic | The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It... | Who led the Umayyad army? | {'text': 'Muhammad bin Qasim', 'answer_start': 134} |
95,542 | 95,200 | 5a553224134fea001a0e19c7 | generic | CBC announced on April 4, 2012, that it will shut down all of its approximately 620 analogue television transmitters on July 31, 2012 with no plans to install digital transmitters in their place, thus reducing the total number of the corporation's television transmitters across the country down to 27. According to the ... | The CRTC encouraged the use of there to maintain over-the-air signals? | {'text': 'subchannels', 'answer_start': 426} |
122,885 | 122,543 | 5731da10e17f3d140042249f | generic | Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th... | Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches? | {'text': 'beneficial arrangements for the society', 'answer_start': 277} |
128,648 | 128,306 | 573413594776f41900661804 | generic | Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three east-west transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its main tr... | How long have railroads been important since in Montana | {'text': '1880s', 'answer_start': 79} |
116,771 | 116,429 | 573089508ab72b1400f9c558 | generic | The title of "world's oldest airport" is disputed, but College Park Airport in Maryland, US, established in 1909 by Wilbur Wright, is generally agreed to be the world's oldest continually operating airfield, although it serves only general aviation traffic. Bisbee-Douglas International Airport in Arizona was declared "... | Who established the College Park Airport? | {'text': 'Wilbur Wright', 'answer_start': 116} |
10,823 | 10,481 | 5acfa2f177cf76001a68567c | generic | Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. | India produced which modern architectural text? | {'text': 'Shilpa Shastras', 'answer_start': 106} |
97,548 | 97,206 | 5a0df6a9d7c8500018864491 | generic | Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour. This can progres... | What are other signs of diarrhea? | {'text': 'decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness', 'answer_start': 325} |
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