| --- |
| pretty_name: PhysClosureBench |
| language: |
| - en |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| tags: |
| - physics |
| - benchmark |
| - scientific-reasoning |
| - agent-evaluation |
| configs: |
| - config_name: case_index |
| default: true |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: data/case_index.jsonl |
| --- |
| |
| # PhysClosureBench — Complete 50-Case Materials |
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| [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.21767) |
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| This collection provides the task specifications and complete case-specific grading materials for all 50 PhysClosureBench research tasks. |
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| Each case directory contains `task.md`, `grading_rubric.md`, `grading_rubric.json`, `resource_limits.json`, and `sources.md`. The Markdown and JSON rubrics contain the same twenty half-point criteria, task-specific RC0–RC4 requirements, scientific dependencies, accepted equivalent evidence, and applicability conditions. |
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| Task specifications, resource limits, and [common submission requirements](submission_requirements.md) are agent inputs. Rubrics and scientific source references are evaluator materials and must not be supplied as task inputs. |
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| Shared grading instructions, independent first-pass assessment, targeted review, focused adjudication, and output conventions are described in the accompanying paper's **Appendix H**. The machine-readable first-pass output schema is provided at [grading/first_pass_output.schema.json](grading/first_pass_output.schema.json). Research Closure is assessed separately from the additive atomic score; it is not a score cap or a score-based classification. |
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| The [source-publication index](case_source_publications.pdf) links all 50 cases to their source publications. Scientific reference locations are also given in each case's `sources.md`; source publications and their figures are not reproduced in this collection. |
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| ## Resource limits |
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| Each task has one `resource_limits.json` file. `time_limit_minutes` covers all candidate work, including planning, derivation, coding, computation, validation, interpretation, and final-file preparation. CPU cores specify the maximum allocation, not a prescribed numerical strategy. Network access is disabled. There is no separate aggregate CPU-hour ceiling. |
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| `temporary_storage_gib` is temporary disk space, not RAM; 1 GiB equals 2^30 bytes. `available_memory_gib`, where provided, is an approximate RAM availability estimate, not an enforced limit. An unspecified task-specific RAM limit does not imply unlimited physical memory. Collection after the work deadline provides no additional working time. |
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| ## Case index |
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| The Hugging Face Dataset Viewer uses [data/case_index.jsonl](data/case_index.jsonl) to display one row per task, with resource allocations and links to the complete materials. The `test` split contains the 50 task-index records, not model submissions or evaluation results. Rubric and source links are for evaluators; do not include them in candidate inputs. |
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| | Case | Research task | CPU cores | Time limit (minutes) | Case materials | |
| | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | --- | |
| | [Case01](cases/case01/task.md) | Phase characterization in a weak-pulse/strong-field ionization model | 8 | 30 | [Resource limits](cases/case01/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case01/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case01/sources.md) | |
| | [Case02](cases/case02/task.md) | Multiphoton ionization from driven scattering responses | 16 | 30 | [Resource limits](cases/case02/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case02/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case02/sources.md) | |
| | [Case03](cases/case03/task.md) | Time-domain sampling of semiclassical photoelectron momentum distributions | 32 | 240 | [Resource limits](cases/case03/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case03/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case03/sources.md) | |
| | [Case04](cases/case04/task.md) | Quantum radiation from a strongly driven two-level system | 8 | 30 | [Resource limits](cases/case04/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case04/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case04/sources.md) | |
| | [Case05](cases/case05/task.md) | Topological edge states in finite-chain high-harmonic generation | 32 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case05/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case05/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case05/sources.md) | |
| | [Case06](cases/case06/task.md) | Causal time-domain inference in a driven three-state system | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case06/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case06/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case06/sources.md) | |
| | [Case07](cases/case07/task.md) | Nonlinear radiation and field-state dynamics in a quantized two-level model | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case07/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case07/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case07/sources.md) | |
| | [Case08](cases/case08/task.md) | Timing information in molecular photoionization | 32 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case08/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case08/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case08/sources.md) | |
| | [Case09](cases/case09/task.md) | High-harmonic emission from a one-dimensional periodic system | 16 | 30 | [Resource limits](cases/case09/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case09/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case09/sources.md) | |
| | [Case10](cases/case10/task.md) | Harmonic radiation from driven few-level systems | 8 | 30 | [Resource limits](cases/case10/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case10/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case10/sources.md) | |
| | [Case11](cases/case11/task.md) | Channel-resolved high-harmonic generation in driven two-band solids | 16 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case11/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case11/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case11/sources.md) | |
| | [Case12](cases/case12/task.md) | Selective high-energy harmonic response in a weakly inhomogeneous field | 16 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case12/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case12/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case12/sources.md) | |
| | [Case13](cases/case13/task.md) | Interpreting high-harmonic emission from a driven periodic system | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case13/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case13/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case13/sources.md) | |
| | [Case14](cases/case14/task.md) | Two-centre structure in nondipole strong-field ionization | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case14/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case14/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case14/sources.md) | |
| | [Case15](cases/case15/task.md) | Resolving molecular photoemission timing from nondipole momentum signals | 8 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case15/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case15/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case15/sources.md) | |
| | [Case16](cases/case16/task.md) | Spectral confinement of phase-matched slow electrons | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case16/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case16/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case16/sources.md) | |
| | [Case17](cases/case17/task.md) | Gap and drive dependence of high-harmonic emission in two quantum models | 16 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case17/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case17/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case17/sources.md) | |
| | [Case18](cases/case18/task.md) | Coupling and polarization as controls of dimer high-harmonic emission | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case18/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case18/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case18/sources.md) | |
| | [Case19](cases/case19/task.md) | Dissociation dynamics in a spatially nonuniform optical field | 16 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case19/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case19/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case19/sources.md) | |
| | [Case20](cases/case20/task.md) | Diagnosing correlated resonances in high-harmonic emission | 32 | 90 | [Resource limits](cases/case20/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case20/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case20/sources.md) | |
| | [Case21](cases/case21/task.md) | Can smooth single-lobe fields generate spectral interference? | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case21/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case21/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case21/sources.md) | |
| | [Case22](cases/case22/task.md) | Can pulse polarity control vacuum-pair acceleration and yield? | 8 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case22/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case22/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case22/sources.md) | |
| | [Case23](cases/case23/task.md) | Can a bosonic environment enhance or suppress strong-field ionization? | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case23/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case23/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case23/sources.md) | |
| | [Case24](cases/case24/task.md) | When does a weak-field hierarchy faithfully describe assisted pair production? | 8 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case24/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case24/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case24/sources.md) | |
| | [Case25](cases/case25/task.md) | How is the quantum state of a driving field encoded in crystal high-harmonic radiation? | 8 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case25/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case25/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case25/sources.md) | |
| | [Case26](cases/case26/task.md) | Ellipticity-dependent high-harmonic emission from graphene | 16 | 90 | [Resource limits](cases/case26/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case26/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case26/sources.md) | |
| | [Case27](cases/case27/task.md) | What can complex saddle structure establish about a short-pulse attoclock? | 8 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case27/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case27/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case27/sources.md) | |
| | [Case28](cases/case28/task.md) | Field-dependent high-harmonic generation in a periodic crystal | 16 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case28/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case28/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case28/sources.md) | |
| | [Case29](cases/case29/task.md) | Resonant EUV high-harmonic spectroscopy of correlated helium | 32 | 90 | [Resource limits](cases/case29/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case29/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case29/sources.md) | |
| | [Case30](cases/case30/task.md) | When can a scattering model account for an attoclock offset? | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case30/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case30/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case30/sources.md) | |
| | [Case31](cases/case31/task.md) | Coulomb-sensitive semiclassical modelling of strong-field photoelectron interference | 96 | 360 | [Resource limits](cases/case31/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case31/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case31/sources.md) | |
| | [Case32](cases/case32/task.md) | Diagnosing coupled electron-nuclear dynamics through molecular high-harmonic spectra | 96 | 720 | [Resource limits](cases/case32/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case32/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case32/sources.md) | |
| | [Case33](cases/case33/task.md) | Single-atom recollision beyond the dipole approximation | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case33/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case33/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case33/sources.md) | |
| | [Case34](cases/case34/task.md) | Quantum-informed trajectory modelling of strong-field photoelectron spectra | 96 | 180 | [Resource limits](cases/case34/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case34/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case34/sources.md) | |
| | [Case35](cases/case35/task.md) | Testing phase-space descriptions of quantum-light high-harmonic generation | 96 | 120 | [Resource limits](cases/case35/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case35/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case35/sources.md) | |
| | [Case36](cases/case36/task.md) | Temporal control of solid-state high-harmonic emission with a shaped driver | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case36/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case36/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case36/sources.md) | |
| | [Case37](cases/case37/task.md) | Recoil and coupling in free-electron photon statistics | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case37/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case37/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case37/sources.md) | |
| | [Case38](cases/case38/task.md) | Valley-resolved and Brillouin-zone-integrated topological high-harmonic emission | 16 | 90 | [Resource limits](cases/case38/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case38/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case38/sources.md) | |
| | [Case39](cases/case39/task.md) | Atomic high-harmonic generation in a quantized optical cavity | 96 | 120 | [Resource limits](cases/case39/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case39/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case39/sources.md) | |
| | [Case40](cases/case40/task.md) | Photon-momentum partition in direct strong-field ionization | 16 | 90 | [Resource limits](cases/case40/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case40/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case40/sources.md) | |
| | [Case41](cases/case41/task.md) | State-resolved longitudinal momentum transfer in light-front tunnelling | 96 | 180 | [Resource limits](cases/case41/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case41/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case41/sources.md) | |
| | [Case42](cases/case42/task.md) | Collective response of optically structured superconducting order | 96 | 180 | [Resource limits](cases/case42/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case42/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case42/sources.md) | |
| | [Case43](cases/case43/task.md) | Quantum-statistical radiation pressure in strong-field ionization | 32 | 90 | [Resource limits](cases/case43/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case43/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case43/sources.md) | |
| | [Case44](cases/case44/task.md) | Interaction-shaped diffraction of two trapped atoms | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case44/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case44/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case44/sources.md) | |
| | [Case45](cases/case45/task.md) | Near-resonant ionization beyond a resonant two-state description | 32 | 90 | [Resource limits](cases/case45/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case45/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case45/sources.md) | |
| | [Case46](cases/case46/task.md) | Carrier-envelope control of directional above-threshold ionization | 16 | 90 | [Resource limits](cases/case46/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case46/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case46/sources.md) | |
| | [Case47](cases/case47/task.md) | Complete intermediate propagation in strong-field detachment | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case47/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case47/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case47/sources.md) | |
| | [Case48](cases/case48/task.md) | Benchmarking approximations to quantum light emitted by a driven correlated chain | 16 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case48/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case48/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case48/sources.md) | |
| | [Case49](cases/case49/task.md) | Interferometric recovery of a direct-SFA photoelectron wave packet | 8 | 60 | [Resource limits](cases/case49/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case49/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case49/sources.md) | |
| | [Case50](cases/case50/task.md) | The role of spin in relativistic three-photon standing-wave diffraction | 8 | 45 | [Resource limits](cases/case50/resource_limits.json) · [Rubric](cases/case50/grading_rubric.md) · [Sources](cases/case50/sources.md) | |
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| ## License |
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| Original task materials are licensed under CC BY 4.0; see [Task-material license](LICENSE.md) for attribution and third-party exclusions. The software framework's MIT license does not apply to these materials. |
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