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Cannot extract the features (columns) for the split 'train' of the config 'default' of the dataset.
Error code:   FeaturesError
Exception:    UnicodeDecodeError
Message:      'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x89 in position 1591: invalid start byte
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/split/first_rows.py", line 249, in compute_first_rows_from_streaming_response
                  iterable_dataset = iterable_dataset._resolve_features()
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 4379, in _resolve_features
                  features = _infer_features_from_batch(self.with_format(None)._head())
                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2661, in _head
                  return next(iter(self.iter(batch_size=n)))
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2839, in iter
                  for key, pa_table in ex_iterable.iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2377, in _iter_arrow
                  yield from self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow()
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 536, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in iterator:
                                       ^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 419, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/csv/csv.py", line 196, in _generate_tables
                  csv_file_reader = pd.read_csv(file, iterator=True, dtype=dtype, **self.config.pd_read_csv_kwargs)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/streaming.py", line 73, in wrapper
                  return function(*args, download_config=download_config, **kwargs)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py", line 1279, in xpandas_read_csv
                  return pd.read_csv(xopen(filepath_or_buffer, "rb", download_config=download_config), **kwargs)
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers/readers.py", line 1026, in read_csv
                  return _read(filepath_or_buffer, kwds)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers/readers.py", line 620, in _read
                  parser = TextFileReader(filepath_or_buffer, **kwds)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers/readers.py", line 1620, in __init__
                  self._engine = self._make_engine(f, self.engine)
                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers/readers.py", line 1898, in _make_engine
                  return mapping[engine](f, **self.options)
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers/c_parser_wrapper.py", line 93, in __init__
                  self._reader = parsers.TextReader(src, **kwds)
                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx", line 574, in pandas._libs.parsers.TextReader.__cinit__
                File "pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx", line 663, in pandas._libs.parsers.TextReader._get_header
                File "pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx", line 874, in pandas._libs.parsers.TextReader._tokenize_rows
                File "pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx", line 891, in pandas._libs.parsers.TextReader._check_tokenize_status
                File "pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx", line 2053, in pandas._libs.parsers.raise_parser_error
                File "<frozen codecs>", line 325, in decode
              UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x89 in position 1591: invalid start byte

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Dataset Card for Global Corporate Registry & Business Firmographic Data

A globally standardized directory of legal business entities, built directly from official government corporate registries and enriched with trusted regulatory, financial, and commercial sources. Covers 376,335,030 company records across 217 countries, normalized into a single 58-field schema.

Dataset Details Dataset Description

This dataset provides a comprehensive, standardized, and continuously maintained view of legal business entities worldwide. It follows a registry-first methodology, where official government corporate registries and legally recognized public authorities serve as the primary foundation for each company record whenever available. Registry data is enriched with additional legally available sources β€” regulatory filings, stock exchange disclosures, company websites, annual reports, and vetted commercial providers β€” and standardized into a single global schema so businesses across 217 countries can be worked with using a consistent structure.

Each record covers company identity and legal registration, address and geographic hierarchy, contact details, industry classification, executive/CEO information, employee counts, financials (sales volume), legal status, and corporate linkage (parent/subsidiary/branch relationships).

Curated by: Techsalerator LLC Funded by: Techsalerator LLC Shared by: Techsalerator LLC Language(s) (NLP): en (company/contact records also include local-language fields; Language field indicates the language used for business category descriptions per record) License: Techsalerator Dataset License (see LICENSE) β€” commercial/proprietary. Sample and documentation provided for evaluation; full dataset access requires a commercial license. Dataset Sources

Repository: This repository (sample extract, field dictionary, registry source list, methodology PDF) Paper: N/A Demo: N/A Uses

Direct Use

Sales and marketing intelligence, customer/vendor onboarding and Know-Your-Business (KYB) checks, procurement due diligence, supply chain mapping, compliance and beneficial-ownership screening, market sizing and TAM analysis, and AI/LLM grounding for business-entity resolution and enrichment.

Out-of-Scope Use

Not intended as a sole source for legal, financial, or investment decisions β€” sales volume, employee counts, and other modeled fields carry a reliability code (actual / estimated / modeled) and should be read alongside that indicator. Not intended for unsolicited mass-marketing or use that would violate local data protection or telemarketing law (e.g., GDPR, TCPA) in the record's jurisdiction. Not a consumer credit or background-check product.

Dataset Structure

Each record contains 58 fields, grouped as follows:

Identity & Registration β€” UniqueID, CompanyName, TradeName, NationalID, NationalIdentificationTypeCode, NationalIdentificationTypeCodeDescription, NationalIDIsVat, YearStarted, LegalStatusCode, LegalStatusCodeDescription, StatusCode, StatusCodeDescription, NumberOfFamilyMembers

Location β€” Address1, Address2, PostCode, City, CityCode, Locality, LocalityCode, Province, ProvinceCode, Region, RegionCode, Country, CountryCode

Contact β€” PhoneOrMobile, Phone, Fax, Mobile, Email, Website, Language

Industry Classification β€” InternationalCode, InternationalLabel, PrimaryLocalActivityCode, LocalActivityTypeCode, MarketabilityIndicator, ImportExportAgentCode, ImportExportAgentCodeDescription

Leadership β€” CEOName, CEOTitle, CEOFirstName, CEOLastName, CEOGender, CEOLanguage

Size β€” EmployeesHere, EmployeesHereReliabilityCode, EmployeesHereReliabilityCodeDescription, EmployeesTotal, EmployeesTotalReliabilityCode, EmployeesTotalReliabilityCodeDescription

Financials β€” SalesVolumeLocal, CurrencyCode, SalesVolumeDollars, SalesVolumeEuros, SalesVolumeReliabilityCode, SalesVolumeReliabilityCodeDescription

There are no train/test/validation splits β€” this is a flat entity-level table, one row per business location. A full field-by-field data dictionary is included in Biz_Firmographic_Data_Sample.xlsx ("Fields Descriptions" sheet).

Scale: 376,335,030 records / 217 countries. Top countries by volume: China (82.4M), United States (71.0M), India (34.7M), Brazil (27.8M), France (14.4M), Australia (8.9M), United Kingdom (8.8M), Italy (7.0M), Japan (6.7M), Germany (6.7M).

Global field completeness: Address 95.9%, Geo-level resolved 95.4%, National ID 86.1%, Administrator/executive contact 72.0%, Phone or mobile 34.2%, Phone 23.2%, Mobile 12.1%, Website 10.9%, Corporate linkage 10.7%, Email 5.7%, Fax 3.9%.

Dataset Creation Curation Rationale

Corporate registries differ significantly across jurisdictions β€” some publish detailed director, shareholder, and filing data, while others provide only basic registration information. This dataset was created to normalize those regional differences into one unified global data model, so businesses across many countries can be worked with using a consistent structure.

Source Data

Data Collection and Processing

Data acquisition begins by identifying the authoritative corporate registry or government authority for each jurisdiction β€” national business registries, ministries of commerce, company houses, commercial courts, secretaries of state, tax authorities (where legally available), securities regulators, and official gazettes. Each registry is monitored on its own publication schedule; new incorporations, dissolutions, status changes, director appointments, address updates, legal-form changes, mergers/acquisitions, and other filings are ingested through structured processes.

Registry records are enriched using additional legally available sources β€” government publications, regulatory filings, stock exchange disclosures, company websites, annual reports, licensed commercial publishers, and vetted commercial data providers β€” while the official registry record remains the primary legal reference.

All incoming records pass through standardization: company names normalized, legal forms standardized across jurisdictions, addresses validated to international standards, industry classifications harmonized into common taxonomies, registration identifiers validated, websites normalized, and status codes translated into a unified schema.

Entity resolution compares registration numbers, legal names, addresses, websites, executive information, and national identifiers to determine whether records across sources represent the same legal entity. Each resolved company receives a persistent internal identifier that remains linked through name, address, ownership, or status changes.

Quality assurance includes automated validation, cross-source reconciliation, duplicate detection, anomaly identification, source-confidence scoring, and periodic manual review for strategic jurisdictions. Where sources conflict, precedence is given to official government registries, then regulatory filings, then trusted commercial sources β€” weighted by authority, publication date, completeness, and historical reliability.

Coverage spans 342 monitored registries and authorities across 217 countries: 143 national business registries, 50 U.S. state registries, 16 tax authorities, 23+ national/provincial commercial registries, plus UBO/beneficial-ownership registries, free-zone and offshore registries, and official gazettes. The full source-by-source list is provided in Company_Registries.xlsx.

Who are the source data producers?

Government corporate registries, ministries of commerce, commercial courts, secretaries of state, tax authorities, securities regulators, and official gazettes in each of the 217 covered countries, supplemented by regulatory filings, stock exchange disclosures, company-reported information (websites, annual reports), and licensed commercial data providers.

Annotations

This dataset does not contain manually created annotations. Derived/modeled fields (e.g., SalesVolumeDollars, EmployeesTotal where not sourced directly) are machine-estimated and flagged via their respective ReliabilityCode fields (0 = actual, 1 = low-end range, 2 = estimated, 3 = modeled).

Annotation process

N/A β€” no manual annotation process; reliability of modeled fields is established through the quality-assurance process described above (cross-source reconciliation, confidence scoring, manual review for strategic jurisdictions).

Who are the annotators?

N/A

Personal and Sensitive Information

Yes. Records include business contact details (address, phone, email, website) and named individuals in an executive capacity (CEOName, CEOFirstName, CEOLastName, CEOTitle, CEOGender) tied to their business role β€” this is professional/business-registry information, sourced from public official registries and legally available business sources, not sourced from private or consumer contexts. No consumer-level personal data (e.g., private individuals unaffiliated with a business, health, or financial account data) is included. Users are responsible for ensuring their use complies with applicable data protection and direct-marketing law (e.g., GDPR, CCPA, TCPA) in the relevant jurisdiction.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Coverage and field completeness vary significantly by country and registry maturity β€” e.g., only 34.2% of global records have a phone/mobile number and 5.7% have an email on file, and completeness skews toward countries with digitized, publicly accessible registries. Some fields (sales volume, total employees) are model-estimated rather than actual for a portion of records, indicated by their reliability codes. Because larger, more digitized economies (China, US, India, Brazil, EU) are overrepresented in absolute volume, comparative analysis across countries should account for underlying registry coverage differences rather than assuming uniform data density.

Recommendations

Users should check the relevant ReliabilityCode field before treating sales, employee, or other modeled figures as exact. Users should independently verify records in high-stakes contexts (legal, compliance, credit decisions) against the primary registry rather than relying solely on this dataset. Users conducting outreach using contact fields should confirm compliance with local marketing/privacy law.

Citation

BibTeX:

bibtex @misc{techsalerator_firmographic_2026, title = {Global Corporate Registry & Business Firmographic Data}, author = {{Techsalerator LLC}}, year = {2026}, publisher = {Techsalerator LLC}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/techsalerator/business-firmographic-data} }

APA:

Techsalerator LLC. (2026). Global Corporate Registry & Business Firmographic Data [Data set]. Hugging Face.

Glossary

ReliabilityCode β€” indicates how a figure (e.g., sales, employees) was sourced: 0 = actual, 1 = low-end of range, 2 = estimated, 3 = modeled (non-US record), blank = not available. StatusCode β€” describes a location's role in a corporate family: 0 = Single location, 1 = Headquarter/Parent, 2 = Branch, 4 = Division, etc. MarketabilityIndicator β€” Y/N flag for whether Techsalerator rates the business record as marketable. NationalID β€” the jurisdiction-specific business registration number (type identified via NationalIdentificationTypeCode). Family members β€” the count of linked entities (global ultimate plus subsidiaries/branches) in a business's corporate tree. More Information

Full methodology is documented in Corporate_Registry_Business_Firmographic_Data_Methodology.pdf in this repository. The complete list of 342 monitored registries by country is in Company_Registries.xlsx.

Dataset Card Authors

Techsalerator LLC

Dataset Card Contact

Techsalerator LLC

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