question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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The hinge joint articulator was designed by: | [
"Bonwill",
"Gariot",
"Gysi",
"Hanau"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common sets of Metastases of carcinoma bronchi | [
"Liver + Bones",
"Prostate",
"Kidney",
"Breast"
] | A | Distant metastases blood stream are widespread and early.The sites affected,in descending order of involvement,are:the liver,adrenals,bones,pancreas,brain,opposite lung,kidneys & thyroid. Textbook of pathology-6th edition,Harsh Mohan,6th edition,page no:502 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maximum amount of smooth muscle, in relation to wall thickness, is present in: | [
"Trachea",
"Bronchi",
"Terminal bronchioles",
"Respiratory bronchioles"
] | C | The trachea and upper respiratory passages (first 7 generations) have cailage & glands in their walls but little smooth muscle. They are lined by ciliated epithelium. Intermediate-sized and small-sized bronchi and bronchioles do not contain cailage. Cilia are present till respiratory bronchioles Terminal bronchioles ha... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 7 yr old boy underwent neurosurgery for craniopharyngioma following which pituitary functions were lost. Which of the following hormone should be replaced first ? | [
"Hydrocoisone",
"Thyroxine",
"Growth hormone",
"Prolactin"
] | A | Hydrocoisone is a coicosteroid mainly used for anti inflammatory action. It may have lot of side effects due to a neurosurgery. Hence, it should be first replaced after a surgery Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Audiogram in early Meniere's disease shows: | [
"Notch at 2 kHz in bone conduction",
"Notch at 4 kHz in air conduction",
"A flat curve",
"A rising curve"
] | D | In early cases of Meniere's disease low frequencies are affected more and the audiogram shows a rising curve. In long-standing cases, audiogram becomes fiat and then falling type.Notch at 2 kHz in bone conduction is typically seen in Carhart's notch seen in otosclerosis (5 dB at 500 Hz, 10 dB at 1000 Hz, 15 dB at 2000 ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Estimation of the degradation products of the cross- linked fibrin fibers in DIC can best, specifically, and accurately be done by which of the following tests? | [
"Fibrinopeptide assay",
"D-dimer assay",
"Euglobin lysis test",
"Coombs test"
] | B | Ans. b (D-dimer assay) (Ref. H - 18th/ch. 116)The quantitative plasma D-dimer ELISA level is elevated (>500 ng/mL) in more than 90% of patients with Pulmonary Embolism, reflecting plasmin's breakdown of fibrin and indicating endogenous (though clinically ineffective) thrombolysis. However, the D-dimer assay is not spec... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In crutch paralysis most frequently affected nerve is: | [
"Median nerve",
"Radial nerve",
"Axillary nerve",
"Musculocutaneous nerve"
] | C | Crutch paralysis: It follows prolonged use of crutches in the axilla. Most frequently, it involves the radial nerve.Effects of radial nerve injury in the axilla:Motor loss: Loss of extension at elbow due to paralysis of triceps brachiiLoss of extension at wrist (wrist drop)Sensory loss:Loss of sensation over;Posterior ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Before pubey, what is the ratio between the cervical length and uterine body: September 2012 | [
"1:02",
"2:01",
"1:03",
"1:04"
] | B | Ans. B i.e. 2:1 The relationship in the length of the cervix and that of the body of the uterus varies with age. Before pubey, the cervix to corpus ratio is 2:1. At pubey this ratio is reversed to 2:1 and during the reproductive years, cervix to corpus ratio may be 1:3 or even 1:4 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The alveoli are filled with exudate the air is displaced conveing the lung into a solid organ. This description suggests- | [
"Chronic bronchitis",
"Bronchial asthma",
"Bronchiectasis",
"Lobar pneumonia"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Lobar pneumonia | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lymph nodes of which area are not easily palpable? | [
"Axilla",
"Neck",
"Groin",
"Abdomen"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of tinea unguium | [
"Fluticasone",
"Itraconazole",
"Oleamine oil",
"All"
] | B | B i.e. Itraconazole | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about Corpus callosum : | [
"Unite far area of two sides of brain",
"Connect two frontal lobe",
"Unite two hemisphere",
"All"
] | D | A i.e. Unite far area of two sides of brain; B i.e. Connect two frontal lobe ; C i.e. Unite two hemisphere | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35 year old sexually active male presents to his internist with a painless penile vesicle. Physical exam reveals inguinal lymphadenopathy. The infecting organism is definitively diagnosed and is known to exist in distinct extracellular and intracellular forms. Which of the following is the most likely pathogen? | [
"Calymmatobacterium granulomatis",
"Chlamydia trachomatis",
"Haemophilus ducreyi",
"Neisseria gonorrhoeae"
] | B | This patient has lymphogranuloma venereum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (type L1, 2, or 3). Chlamydia exhibit distinct infectious and reproductive forms. The extracellular infectious form is known as the elementary body (EB), which is incapable of reproduction. It attaches to the host cell and enters through endocyto... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sexual intercourse by a human being with a lower animalis- | [
"Bestiality",
"Cunnilingus",
"Tribadism",
"Sin ofgomorrah"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bestiality o Section 377 IPC defines unnatural sexual offences as sexual intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal and lays down punishment for the same. These offences are sodomy, buccal coitus, tribadism (lesbianism), and bestiality'.Sodomyo Sodomy is sexual intercourse t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The component of vitreous humour that is most useful in determining time since death: | [
"Sodium",
"Potassium",
"Magnesium",
"Calcium"
] | B | Ans. b (Potassium). (Ref. Parikh's textbook of FMT, 6th ed., 2.66)The relationship between the rise of potassium concentration in the vitreous humour and the time since death has been studied by several workers. To improve the accuracy of the method cases with possible ante-mortem electrolyte disturbances can be exclud... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia is which of the following? | [
"Hypothyroidism",
"Hypoadrenalism",
"Hypehyroidism",
"SIADH"
] | D | The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis is the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 345 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The proseal LMA has advantage over normal LMA | [
"In being more easy to inse",
"Comparable to endotracheal tube in preventing aspiration",
"Can be inseed in concious patient.",
"Can be used for pulmonary toileting"
] | B | Advantage of proseal LMA over classical LMA is that it is comparable to ETT in preventing aspiration. The PLMA shows several modifications from the cLMA: The drain tube runs through the device from the tip to the proximal end. When the PLMA is correctly positioned, the tip of the device forms a high-pressure seal with ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Follistatin | [
"Decreased gonadotrope function",
"Increases gonadotrope function",
"Prevents interaction of activin with receptor",
"Stimulates FSH β gene expression"
] | C | Follistatin is gonadal peptide, that suppresses FSH β gene expression thereby preventing interaction of activin with its receptor. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Therapeutic index is a measure of which of the parameters? | [
"Efficacy",
"Adverse effects",
"Safety",
"Potency"
] | C | Therapeutic index is a measure of the margin of safety of a drug. Therapeutic index = Median lethal dose/Median effective dose. One estimate of a drug's margin of safety is the ratio LD50/ED50, the therapeutic index, which is a statement of how selective the drug is in producing it's desired versus its adverse effects. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following concentrations of epinephrine does not correspond to the respective route of administration ? | [
"1 : 10000 for intravenous route",
"1 : 1000 for inhalational route",
"1 : 1000 for intramuscular route",
"1 : 1000 for subcutaneous route"
] | B | For inhalational route, adrenaline b used in a concentration of 1:100 for treatment of bronchial asthma by nebulizer.
Concentration of adrenaline for different routes and indications | train | med_mcqa | null |
Replacing alanine by which amino acid, will increase UV absorbance of protein at 280 nm wavelength? | [
"Tryptophan",
"Arginine",
"Guanine",
"Lysine"
] | A | Aromatic side chains are responsible for the UV absorption of most proteins, which have absorption maxima between 275 nm and 285 nm Basically, this absorption of UV-light is because of conjugated double bonds present in the ring. Aromatic amino acids: Tryptophan Tyrosine Phenylalanine Absorption ismaximum for tryptopha... | train | med_mcqa | null |
These nail changes are seen in | [
"Lichen planus",
"Psoriasis",
"Darier disease",
"Onychomycosis"
] | B | Fingernail involvement in psoriasis appears as punctate pitting, onycholysis, nail thickening, or subungual hyperkeratosis The nail matrix will have pitting, which appears as punctate depressions that are small, shallow, and various shapes and sizes. Characteristically, they are isolated and deep, though they may occur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 27-year old male presents with low backache, that occurs early in the morning, associated with stiffness, and persists for more than 30 minutes. On examination, his chest expansion is also restricted. The most probable diagnosis is: | [
"Rheumatoid arthritis",
"Oteoarthritis",
"Gouty arthritis",
"Ankylosing spondylitis"
] | D | Ans. d. Ankylosing spondylitis (Ref: Harrison 19/e p2169, 18/e p2774)A 27-year old male presents with low backache that occurs early in the morning, associated with stiffness, and persists for more than 30 minutes. On examination, his chest expansion is also restricted. The most probable diagnosis is ankylosing spondyl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following permanent tooth is least extracted for orthodontic treatment? | [
"Canines",
"Maxillary first permanent molar",
"1st molar",
"2nd molar"
] | A | The teeth least commonly extracted is canine. | train | med_mcqa | null |
An infant had high grade fever and respiratory distress at the time of presentation to the emergency room. The sample collected for blood culture was subsequently positive showing growth of α- haemolytic colonies. On Gram staining these were gram positive cocci. In the screening test for identification, the suspec... | [
"Bacitracin",
"Novobiocin",
"Optochin",
"Cloxacillin"
] | C | “Sensitivity to bacitracin is employed as a convenient method for differentiating Str. pyogenes from other hemolytic streptococci.” | train | med_mcqa | null |
Green discharge is most commonly seen with | [
"Duct papilloma",
"Duct ectasia",
"Retention cyst",
"Fibro adenosis"
] | B | A black or green discharge is usually the result of duct ectasia and its complications. Ref: Bailey and love 27th edition Pg no : 864 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bart hemoglobin consist of | [
"Four γ chains",
"Four β chains",
"Two γ chains + Two β chains",
"Two α chains + Two γ chains"
] | A | Bart hemoglobin is tetramer of four γ chains. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thiopentone is not used in- | [
"Induction of anesthesia",
"Medically induced coma",
"As truth serum",
"As antidepressant"
] | D | Ans, is 'd' i.e., As antidepressant o See Above explanation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The conversion of C02 and H20 into carbonic acid during the formation of aqueous humor is catalysed by which one of the following enzymes | [
"Carboxylase",
"Carbamylase",
"Carbonic anhydrase",
"Carbonic deoxygenase"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' ie carbonic anhydrase (Ref: Parson, 19/e, p166; Kanski, 5/e, p193; Chatterjee Shinde Biochemistry. 6/e, p629).Nowhere could 1 find a direct answer. The points in favour of the above answer are --Of all the above options, carbonic anhydrase is the only enzyme which catalyzes the reversible reaction :CO2+H2O ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
While testing the deleterious health hazards on a group of people after giving a drug and a placebo, the following results were obtained: Number of people Number of people affected Placebo 15225 1605 Drug 15225 1804 Which of the following is true? | [
"Relative risk reduction is (RRR) 11% Absolute risk reduction(ARR) is 11%",
"RRR 11%, ARR 1%",
"RRR 1%, ARR 11%",
"RRR 1%, ARR 1%"
] | B | Absolute Risk Reduction(ARR) = Reduction in outcome between new drug and placebo in absolute terms Relative risk reduction(RRR)= Relative or percentage reduction in outcome between new drug and placebo. Event rate for drug(Ed)= 1804/15225 x 100= 0.118 Event rate for placebo(Ep)= 1605/15225 x 100= 0.105 ARR= Ed-Ep= 0.01... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Air on X-rays appears - | [
"White",
"Black",
"Grey",
"None of the above"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Black o Structures that are dense (such as bone) will block most of the x-ray particles, and will appear white.o Metal and contrast media (special dye used to highlight areas of the body) will also appear white.o Structures containing air will be black, and muscle, fat, and fluid will appear as shades... | train | med_mcqa | null |
any behaviour is assosiated with reward will be increased in frequency. this is based on | [
"mindfulness therapy",
"behavior therapy",
"psychodynamic therapy",
"cognitive therapy"
] | B | Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In X-Ray right border of mediastinum is formed by all except: | [
"SVC",
"Right Atrium",
"Right Ventricle",
"Right Brachiocephalic Vein"
] | C | C i.e. Right Ventricle Right hea border on chest x-ray PA view is formed by right atrium with its draining tributaries SVC & IVCQ. Right aspect of ascending thoracic aoa and right innominate/brachiocephalic vesselsQ are also involved sometimes in forming right border. But right ventricle does not form the right border ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rosenthal fibres arr seen in which of the following tumors | [
"Pilocytic astrocytoma",
"Glioblastoma",
"Medulloblastoma",
"Ependymoma"
] | A | Refer Robbins page no 1309 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rideal - walker test is used to compare the efficiency of a disinfectant with that of phenol for the ability to kill | [
"S typhi",
"S paratyphi",
"Pseudomonas",
"E.coli"
] | A | Rideal - walker test / phenol coefficient test - abilty to sterilize the suspension of S.typhi. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following local anaesthetics are not vasodilators | [
"Lignocaine",
"Bupivacaine",
"Benzocaine",
"Tetracaine"
] | A | Lignocaine has no vasogenic action. | train | med_mcqa | null |
CyAMP acts as a second messenger of: | [
"FSH",
"Growth hormone",
"Thyroxine",
"Insulin"
] | A | A i.e. FSH | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hormones are best assessed by? | [
"Flowcytometry",
"Electrophoresis",
"ELISA",
"RIA"
] | D | Radioimmunoassay (RIA ) permits the measurement of analytes up to picogram quantities. RIA and its modifications have versatile applications in various areas of biology and medicine, including quantitation of hormones, drugs, tumor markers. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:113 <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infant mortality rate does NOT include: | [
"Post neonatal Mortality",
"Early neonatal Mortality",
"Perinatal Mortality",
"Late neonatal Mortality"
] | C | Ans (c) Perinatal MortalityRef : K. Park 23rd ed. / 567, 19th/ 449 fig 9Perinatal Mortality Rate (PMR)PMR =--------------------------------------Live births in the same year x 1000Perinatal Mortality Rate (PMR)=Late fetal deaths + Early neonatal deaths----------------------------------Late fetal deaths + live birthsx 1... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anemia of chronic disease is characterized by all,except - | [
"Decreased serum iron",
"Increased total iron binding capacity (TIBC)",
"Increased serum ferritin",
"Increased macrophage iron in bone marrow"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Leon William's classification given an idea about | [
"Number of teeth and size of the arch",
"Residual alveolar ridge",
"Form of tooth and face",
"Colour of artificial teeth"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antemortem and postmortem wounds could be differentiated by all, except - | [
"Everted margins",
"Blood clots in surrounding",
"Swollen edges",
"Sharp edges"
] | D | Antemortem wound shows gaping, everted and swollen edges with vital reactions of inflammation, infection and healing.
It bleeds freely and shows extensive, deep and firmly adherent clotting (staining) of surrounding tissue which can't be washed away. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Accumulation of sphingomyelin in spleen and liver is found in: | [
"Gauchers disease",
"Obstructive jaundice",
"Von gierkes disease",
"Nieman pick disease"
] | D | Niemann-Pick diseases are genetic diseases which are classified in a subgroup of LSDs called sphingolipidoses or lipid storage disorders in which harmful quantities of fatty substances, or lipids, accumulate in the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and brain.In the classic infantile type A variant, a missense mutation... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drug is contraindicated in liver disease? | [
"Sitagliptin",
"Saxagliptin",
"Vildagliptin",
"Alogliptin"
] | C | Viidagliptin is a DPP - 4 inhibitor which can lead to hepatotoxicity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In step back technique, the file used for measuring working length is 25 no and it is the first file to be used for Phase 2 i.e. step back technique, the file used for recapitulation will be | [
"No 10",
"No 15",
"No 20",
"No 25"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Audio analgesia is: | [
"Source of distraction",
"Pain killer",
"Both",
"None"
] | A | Audio analgesia: or" white noise” is a method of reducing pain. This technique consists of providing a sound stimulus of such intensity that the patient finds it difficult to attend to anything else (Gardner, Licklider, 1959). Auditory stimulus such as pleasant music has been used to reduce stress and also reduce the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Total space analysis by Merrifield requires: | [
"Study cast and radiograph",
"Study cast and reference table",
"Study cast and cephalogram",
"All of the above"
] | C | Total space analysis by Merrifield;
Requires study casts and cephalograms.
Divides the lower arch into anterior, middle and posterior areas.
The discrepancy for each area is calculated and the resultant value is added to yield the total discrepancy of the arch.
Total space analysis as described by Merrifield is divid... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ninhydrin test is used for ? | [
"Bile salts",
"Amino acids",
"Nucleic acid",
"Lipids"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Amino acids Impoant chemical reactions of amino acids Following are some impoant chemical reactions. A. Reaction used to determine amino acid sequence in polypeptide chain : - Generally, amino terminal (N-terminal) of amino acid is tagged with some reagent. It is split off by hydrolysis and tagged ami... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child of 4 years can do all of the following except: September 2009 | [
"Skip",
"Goes down stairs one foot per step",
"Tell a story",
"Copies triangle"
] | D | Ans. D: Copies Triangle Milestones achieved by a 4 year old child: A. Motor: Goes down stairs one foot per step Skips on one foot Imitates gate with cubes Copies a cross B. Speech: Questioning at its height. Many infantile substitutions in speech Says a song; tells stories C. Other: Dresses and undresses with assistanc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Service applied, staff recruitement, staff trained, Equipment ordered, equipment installed, product delivered which is the critical step | [
"Staff recruitment",
"Staff trained",
"Equipment ordered",
"Equipment installed"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Equipment installed | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the predominant immunoglobulin isotype secreted in the human MALT? | [
"IgA",
"IgD",
"IgG",
"IgE"
] | D | Ans. (d)The vast majority of the antibody generated in the human MALT (Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissues) is of the IgA isotype. IgE, IgG and IgM are present, but at far lower levels, and IgD is essentially absent. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nevirapine belongs to the following group: | [
"Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNI)",
"Protease inhibitor",
"Fusion inhibitor",
"Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitor (NI)"
] | A | Nevirapine is a Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. Ref: K D Tripathi Textbook of Pharmacology, 5th Edition, Pages 725-31 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inhibitor of F0F1 ATPase in electron transpo chain is | [
"Antimycin",
"Oligomycin",
"2,4 nitrophenol",
"Barbiturate"
] | B | Oligomycin is a group of Streptomyces macrolides that bind to the Oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) at the F(o) subunits 6 and 9 which are found in the stalk of the F1F0-ATPase complex. This binding blocks proton conductance across the synthase complex and inhibits the synthesis of mitochondrial ATP. As ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following type of receptor is involved in malignant hypehermia ? | [
"Nicotinic receptor",
"Ryanodine receptor",
"Muscarinic receptor",
"None"
] | B | Malignant hypehermia (MH) is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance. It is associated with mutations in 2 genes: RyR1 (ryanodine receptor type 1), which encodes the skeletal muscle isoform of the calcium release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and CACNA1S, which encodes the alpha subuni... | train | med_mcqa | null |
EEG of an infant with early morning jerks is as shown | [
"Hypsarrhythmia",
"Burst and suppression pattern",
"Periodic spike and wave pattern",
"Rademacker complex"
] | A | Ans. (a) Hypsarrhythmia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pre-exposure prophylaxis dose schedule for rabies vaccine given in all days except ? | [
"Day 0",
"Day 3",
"Day 7",
"Day 28"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Day 3 Prevention of rabies Prevention of rabies may be of following types Post exposure prophylaxis Preexposure prophylaxis Post-exposure treatment of persons who have been vaccinated previously. Schedules of vaccination for post exposure prophylaxis A. Intramuscular schedules Routine shedule- 6 doses... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mantle cell lymphomas are positive for all of the following, except - | [
"CD 23",
"CD 20",
"CD 5",
"CD 43"
] | A | Mantle cell lymphomas express high levels of cyclin D1.Most tumours also express CD19,CD20 and moderately high levels of surface Ig.It is usually CD5 positive and CD 23 negetive, which helps to distinguish it from CLL/SLL. Reference : Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease.South Asia Edition volume 1.page no. 6... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a feature of Metropathia haemorrhagica | [
"Occurs in younger women",
"Uterus is bulky",
"Menorrhagia",
"Endometrial hyperplasia"
] | A | Metropathic haemorrhagica: Seen in women between 40 and 45 years Continuous painless vaginal bleeding Uterus is slightly bulky Endometrium shows cystic glandular hyperplasia Ref: Shaw Gynecology 17 e pg 133. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rarest variety of pemphigus is | [
"Pemphigus vulgaris",
"Pemphigus vegetans",
"Pemphigus foliaceus",
"Pemphigus erythematodes"
] | C | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
First order kinetics is characterized by: | [
"Dose independent elimination",
"Decreasing clearance as plasma concentration increases",
"Increasing rate of elimination as plasma concentration increases",
"No relationship between rate of elimination and plasma concentration"
] | C | First order (exponential) kinetics; The rate of elimination is directly propoional to the drug concentration, Clearance remains constant, or a constant fraction of the drug present in the body is eliminated in unit time. Ref:KD Tripathi pharmacology 7th edition (page.no: 30) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ebstein anomaly - causes | [
"Left atrial enlargement",
"Right atrial enlargement",
"Left ventricular enlargement",
"Right venticular enlargement"
] | B | Ebstein anomaly is association with Right atrial enlargement. Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:423 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following conditions are observed in Marasmus, except - | [
"Hepatomegaly",
"Muscle wasting",
"Low insulin levels",
"Extreme weakness"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hepatomegaly Changes in body composition in P.E.M. o Fluid considerations? Total body water in malnourished children is increased to 70-80% of body weight as compared to 60% in age matched well noarished controls. Activity of the sodium pump* is reduced. o Metabolic alterations. B.M.R. is reduced by 3... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Orbital septum formed by? | [
"Palpebral ligament",
"Lacrimal bone",
"Optic nerve fascia",
"Optic sheath"
] | A | The palpebral fascia is the thin fibrous membrane that connects the tarsi ( two thin plates of condensed fibrous tissue that form the skeleton of the eyelids and provide them stiffness) to the orbital margins and forms the orbital septum with them. Medially it passes posterior to the lacrimal sac and attached to the po... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In children atopic dematitis is associated with increase in- | [
"Immunoglobulin A",
"Immunoglobul in E",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Immunoglobulin M"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following describes the flavouring substance asafoetida (Fling)? | [
"Dried leaf extract",
"Exudate from chopped roots",
"Pith of stem boiled and dried",
"Dried and hardened paste of fruit"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Exudate from chopped roots | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true regarding Crohn disease except: March 2008 | [
"Skip lesions",
"Inflammation limited to mucosa",
"Recurrence common after surgery",
"Fistulae formation is seen"
] | B | Ans. B: Inflammation limited to mucosaFeatures of Crohn disease:Bowel region: Ileum, colonDistribution: skip lesionStricture formation: YesWall appearance: thickInflammation: transmuralUlcers:deep, knife-likeLymphoid reaction: markedFibrosis: markedSerositis: markedGranuloma formation: Yes (35%)Fistula/sinuses: YesFat/... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The effect of cholera toxin is mediated the stimulation of following second messenger: | [
"cAMP",
"cGMP",
"Calcium-calmodulin",
"Acetylcholine"
] | A | Ans. (a) cAMP | train | med_mcqa | null |
Phlegmon is a | [
"Sexually transmitted disease",
"Type of celtulites",
"Type of osteomyelitis",
"Venereal disease"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Training period for anganwadi worker ? | [
"3 months",
"4 months",
"6 months",
"1 year"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 4 monthsAnganwadi workers are under ICDS scheme.There is an anganwadi worker for a population of 400-800 in plains and 300-800 in hilly/tribal areas.She undergoes training in various aspects of health, nutrition and development for 4 months.She is a pa-time worker.She is paid an honorarium of Rs. 1500... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dapsone is used in all except : | [
"Dermatitis herpetiformis",
"Leprosy",
"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia",
"Tuberculosis"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following cells are normally in the G0 stage of the cell cycle and hence not proliferating, but are capable of dividing in response to injury? | [
"Transitional epithelium of the urinary tract",
"Parenchyma of most solid organs",
"Neurons",
"Skeletal muscles"
] | B | Stable tissues are made up of cells that are normally in the G0 stage of the cell cycle and hence not proliferating, but they are capable of dividing in response to injury or loss of tissue mass. These tissues include the parenchyma of most solid organs, such as liver, kidney, and pancreas. Endothelial cells, fibroblas... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is impoant in calculation of pearl index | [
"Number of aboions",
"Total accidental pregnancies",
"Socioeconomic status",
"Total gestational period"
] | B | Pearl index is defined as the number of failures per 100 woman years of exposure (HWY) Failure rate per Hundred Women Years = Total accidental pregnancies X 1200/ Total months of exposure Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 510 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thalidomide acts through : | [
"Inhibiting angiogenesis",
"Inhibiting thymidylate synthase",
"Inhibition of Topo–isomerase I",
"Inhibition of Topo–isomerase II"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The ovarian tumor which is most likely to be associated with virilization is | [
"Granulosa tumor",
"Seoli-Leydig cell tumor",
"Immature teratoma",
"Gonadoblastoma"
] | B | Seoli-Leydig cell tumors, which represent less than 1% of ovarian tumors, may produce symptoms of virilization. Histologically, they resemble fetal testes; clinically, they must be distinguished from other functioning ovarian neoplasms as well as from tumors of the adrenal glands, since both adrenal tumors and Seoli-Le... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prussak's space is related to - | [
"Mesotympanum",
"Epitympanum",
"Hypotympanum",
"Inner ear"
] | B | Ans. is 'B' i.e., Epitympanum o The middle ear lies between the tympanic membrane laterally and the cochlea medially. The middle ear (tympanic cavity) is divided into Mesotympanum (tympanic cavity proper) It is the narrowest part of tympanic cavity (transverse dimension is 2 mm). It lies opposite to pars tensa. Epitymp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young adult presents with night blindness and tubular vision. On examination, Intraocular Pressure was observed to be 18 mm and the anterior segment was unremarkable. Fundoscopy showed attenuation of arterioles and waxy pallor of the optic disc with bony corpuscles like spicules of pigmentation in mid peripheral reti... | [
"Pigmentary retinal dystrophy",
"Primary open angle glaucoma",
"Lattice degeneration of retina",
"Diabetic retinopathy"
] | A | Ans. (a) Pigmentary Retinal DystrophyRef Kanski 7/e, p. 653The classical triad of arteriolar attenuation, bone spicule pigmentation and waxy disc pallor along with ..... Ring scotoma suggests the diagnosis to Typical Retinitis Pigmentosa or pigmentary Retinal Dystrophy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Common cause of chronic pancreatitis: | [
"Chronic alcohol intake",
"Trauma",
"Pancreas divisum",
"Gallbladder stones"
] | A | - Chronic Pancreatitis - M/C cause - chronic alcohol intake>smoking Aetiology: TIGAR-O-Classification: T: Toxic metabolic I: Idiopathic G: Genetic A: Auto immune R: Recurrent severe O: Obstructive Note: Rare causes: Congenital abnormalities such as: 1. Pancreas divisum2. Annular pancreas | train | med_mcqa | null |
Insulin secretion is normally stimulated by | [
"GLP-1",
"GLP-2",
"VIP",
"Adrenergic receptor"
] | A | Insulin secretion is normally stimulated by GLP-1. Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide(GIP) are called incretins and potent stimulators of insulin secretion. They also inhibit glucagon secretion. They are released in the gastrointestinal tract after a person eats a meal. They th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40-year-old paddy farmer presented with fever, chills, headache and myalgias for 2 days. The patient also complained of acute onset of cough, shoness of breath and few episodes of hemoptysis. On examination, scleral icterus was present. There is a history of minor lower limb injury while working in the fields, which ... | [
"Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia",
"Hyperkalemia and hypernatremia",
"Hypokalemia and hypernatremia",
"Hypokalemia and hyponatremia"
] | D | This is a case of Weil's syndrome/ Leptospira infection. Presents with a triad of: - Hemorrhage Acute kidney injury Jaundice Rats are an impoant reservoir. Renal involvement: - Acute tubular damage Interstitial nephritis Non-oliguric hypokalemic injury Hypokalemia and hyponatremia Wasting of magnesium | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sarcoma of the soft tissues spread by | [
"Blood vessels",
"Lymphatics",
"Direct invasion",
"Local infiltration"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pain, temperature, touch from pulp are carried by which one of the following type nerve fibres? | [
"A alpha",
"A beta",
"A delta",
"Fibres"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Based on Epidemiological studies, which of the following has been found to be most protective against carcinoma colon | [
"High fiber diet",
"Low fat diet",
"Low selenium diet",
"Low protein diet"
] | A | dietary factos involved in development of carcinoma colon are .- Red meat and saturated fat increases the incidence of colonic cancer. - Cholesterol increases the bile acid concentration in the intestinal lumen which acts as cocarcinogen. - High fibre diet protects the colon against cancer. - Calcium in diet prevents c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 37-day-old baby presented to the Pediatrics ER with increased respiratory effo along with grunting. Mother says he is always irritable, feeds very poorly and has not gained weight. History of frequent respiratory infections in the past 2 weeks O/E, Wide pulse pressure along with bounding peripheral pulses Hyperkineti... | [
"Left sixth arch",
"Right sixth arch",
"Left fifth arch",
"Right fifth arch"
] | A | Chest x-ray shows marked cardiomegaly with dilatation of the main pulmonary aery and bilateral pulmonary plethora ECG tells la dilatation, LV hyperophy and left axis detion which points towards the diagnosis of PDA. The left sixth aoic arch is responsible for the development of both the pulmonary aeries and the ductus ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which of the following transmissions meiosis occurs? | [
"Primary to secondary spermatocyte",
"Second spermatocyte to globular spermatid",
"Germ cells to spermatogonium",
"Spermatogonium to primary spermatocyte"
] | A | Ans A. primary to secondary spermatocyte | train | med_mcqa | null |
Deep branch of ulnar nerve supplies | [
"Adductor pollicis",
"Flexor digitorum superficialis",
"1st Lumbrical",
"2nd Lumbrical"
] | A | Muscles supplied by deep branch of ulnar nerve are - Muscles of hypothenar eminence, medial two lumbricals , 4-1 dorsal interossei muscles and 4-1 palmar interossei and adductor pollicis 1st and 2nd lumbricals are supplied by digital nerves from median nerve. Nerve supplying flexor digitorum superficialis comes from me... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vit. A deficiency is characterized by - | [
"Bitot's spot",
"Xerophthalmia",
"Night blindness",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bitot's spot; 'b' i.e., Xerophthalmia; 'c' i.e., Night blindness o The most characteristic and specific signs of vitamin A deficiency are eye lesions. o These develop before the age of 2 years. o The term xerophthalmia comprises all the occular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency. Xerophthalmia (MI... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a sign of severe dehydration? | [
"Tachycardia",
"Anuria",
"Increased thirst",
"Delayed capillary refill"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increased thirst * Increased thirst is a feature of mild dehydration.Clinical evaluation of DehydrationA) Mild dehydration# Normal or increased pulse# Decreased urine output# Thirsty# Normal physical findingsB) Moderate dehydration :-# Tachycardia# Little or no urine output# Irritable/lethargic# Sunke... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What are the symptoms of mobile retroversion of uterus | [
"Dyspareunia",
"Back ache",
"Dysmenorrhoea and Is asymptomatic",
"All"
] | D | All | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of congenital sensineuronal hearing loss - | [
"Parvovirus",
"CMV",
"Rubella",
"Toxoplasmosis"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., CMV * Cytomegalovirus - Most common viral cause of congenital viral deafness* Mumps - Most common cause viral of acquired sensorineural hearing loss. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for malaria in pregnancy is : | [
"Proguanil",
"Chloroquine",
"Artemisinin",
"Halofantrine"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the least common site of pain in a case of rheumatoid ahritis? NOT RELATED- OHO | [
"Cervical",
"Knee",
"Low back",
"Ankle"
] | C | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with congestive heart failure was started on digoxin and diuretics. He later presents with bradycardia and GIT upset and visual disturbances. His K+ was found to be 2.5 The reason for these feature is | [
"Left ventricular aneurysm",
"Digoxin toxicity",
"Viral gastroenteritis",
"Hypokalemia"
] | B | (B) Digoxin toxicity > Digitalis is effective in patients with systolic HF complicated by atrial flutter and fibrillation and a rapid ventricular rate, who benefit both from slowing of the ventricular rate and from the positive inotropic effect.> Although digitalis does not improve survival in patients with systolic HF... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximum infectivity is known as | [
"Median incubation period",
"Screening time",
"Generation time",
"Minimum incubation period"
] | C | Ans. c (Generation time) (Ref. Text book of PSM by Park 22nd/96)Generation time: is the time interval between receipt of infection by host and max. infectivity1Median incubation periodTime required for 50% of cases to occur following exposure.2Incubation periodPeriod of entry of organism to appearance of first sign or ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Varicocele is common on left testis because - | [
"Left testicular vein drains into IVC which has high pressure",
"Left tesicular vein drains into left renal vein which has high pressure",
"Left testis is lower situated",
"Compression of testicular vein by rectum"
] | B | Variocele formation has been attributed to one of the three primary factors :
Increased venous pressure in left renal vein
Collateral venous anastomoses
Absent or incompetent valves in the internal spermatic vein. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In morbid obesity BMI is greater than? | [
"30",
"35",
"40",
"45"
] | C | 40 REF: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 18th ed chapter 17 Morbid obesity is defined as being either 100 lb above ideal body weight, twice ideal body weight, or a body mass index (BMI, measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 40 kg/m2. The latter definition is more accepted internationally ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Staining done for sebaceous cell carcinoma | [
"Red 0",
"PAS",
"Methamine silver",
"KOH"
] | A | Ans. a. Oil Red 0 Histopathology of Sebaceous cell carcinoma Tumor is composed of lobules or sheets of cells separated by a fibrovascular stroma. The cell extend deeply and often involve the subcutaneous tissue and even the underlying muscle. The cells show various sebaceous differentiation, manifest as finely vacuolat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about action of ADH, except: | [
"Post-operative increase in secreation",
"Secreted neurosecreation",
"Increased secretion when plasma osmolality is low",
"Act on distal convoluted tuble and increase permeability"
] | C | Ans. c. Increased secretion when plasma osmolality is low | train | med_mcqa | null |
In ICU setting patients suffering from which respiratory pathology are at risk of CO2 narcosis? | [
"Pneumonia",
"Asthma",
"Emphysema",
"Bronchieactasis"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Emphysema Metabolic causes of altered consciousness in ICU* In the ICU setting, several metabolic causes of an altered level of consciousness predominate.* Hypercarbic encephalopathy can present with headache, confusion, stupor, or coma.* Hypoventilation syndrome occurs most frequently in patients wit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The direct retainer of choice when the principle abutment tooth has Lost its periodontal support is: | [
"Embrasure clasp",
"Ring clasp",
"Multiple circlet clasp",
"Onlay clasp"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Causative agent for Farmers' Lung is? | [
"Thermoactinomyces sacchari",
"Thermophiles actinomyces",
"Cotton dust",
"Pigeon feather"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thermophiles actinomyces * Farmer's lung is a hypersensitivity (type III) pneumonitis induced by the inhalation of biologic dusts coming from hay dust or mold spores or any other agricultural products.* These types of immune response are most often initiated by exposure to thermophilic actinomycetes (... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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