question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
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values | subject stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antipsychotics are safer in the patient with | [
"Infertility",
"Hypertension",
"Epilepsy",
"All of the above"
] | B | (B) Hypertension # CVS:> Neuroleptics produce hypotension (primarily postural) by a central as well as peripheral action on sympathetic tone.> Chlorpromazine lowers seizure threshold and can precipitate fits in untreated epileptics.> The piperazine side chain compounds have a lower propensity for this action.# Endocrin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following drugs reduce afterload, except: | [
"Enalapril",
"Propranolol",
"Hydralazine",
"Sodium nitroprusside"
] | B | Ref:KDT 6/e p504 Afterloadis reduced by the drugs having aerioler dilating propey. Propanolol is a non-selective beta-blocker. It can cause vasoconstriction by antagonizing beta2 mediated vasodilation. It, therefore do not decrease afterload. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Least soluble cement | [
"Resin",
"ZOE",
"Polycarboxylate",
"Silicate Cement"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 36-year-old man from China presents with increasing fatigue. He has a 3-year history of tuberculosis, and CBC shows a mild microcytic anemia. Blood work-up demonstrates low serum iron, low iron-binding capacity, and increased serum ferritin. The pathogenesis of anemia in this patient is most likely caused by which of... | [
"Clonal stem cell defect",
"Hypoxemia",
"Impaired utilization of iron from storage sites",
"Synthesis of structurally abnormal globin chains"
] | C | - History given in the question suggests the diagnosis of Anemia of chronic disease. - Chronic diseases leads to ineffective use of iron from macrophage stores in the bone marrow , resulting in functional iron deficiency, although storage iron is normal or even increased. - However, in contrast to iron deficiency anemi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most important mediator of chemotaxis is: | [
"C3b",
"C5a",
"C5-7",
"C2"
] | B | Role of different mediators in Inflammation | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following is feature of Fusch's hetero chromic iridocyclitis - | [
"Heterochromia of iris",
"Keratic precipitates",
"Posterior subcapsular cataract",
"All the above"
] | D | (Ref: Atals of clinical ophthalmology 4th/e p.295; Khurana 7th/e p.174 & 4th/e p.160) Fuch's heterochromic iridocyclitis (Fush's uveitis syndrome) It is a form of anterior and intermediate uveitis. The condition is usually unilateral and chronic in nature and is characterized by a chronic non-ganulomatous uveitis and e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pick the wrong statement regarding the lipid abnormalities seen in patients with type 2 diabetis mellitus: | [
"Increase in hepatic VLDL production",
"Decrease in plasma levels of HDL cholesterol",
"Elevated levels of plasma LDL cholesterol",
"Elevated plasma triglycerides"
] | C | The most common pattern of dyslipidemia is hyperiglyceridemia and reduced HDL cholesterol levels. DM itself does not increase levels of LDL, but the LDL paicles found in type 2 DM are small and dense and are more atherogenic. Must know: Other lipid abnormalities seen in DM are: 1. Decrease in LPL activity resulting in ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A fluid filled elevated lesion of skin is called | [
"Bulla",
"Macule",
"Papule",
"Nodule"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to Census 2011, Child sex ratio is :- | [
"908",
"919",
"927",
"940"
] | B | According to Census 2011, Child sex ratio is 919. Child Sex ratio = x 1000. Highest in Mizoram. Lowest in Haryana. CSR-919 Adult sex ratio- 943/1000 males Highest - Kerala Lowest- Daman and diu(U.T), haryana(state) | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are histiocytosis except - | [
"Letterer siwe syndrome",
"Chloroma",
"Hand schuller christian triad",
"Eosinophilic granuloma"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which case spontaneous regression is not seen? | [
"Malignant melanoma",
"Osteosarcoma",
"Neuroblastoma",
"Choriocarcinoma"
] | B | Tumors with spontaneous regression Neuroblastoma Choriocarcinoma Renal cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma Retinoblastoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal vital capacity in an adult is - | [
"1200 ml",
"2500 ml",
"3000 ml",
"4700 ml"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 4700 ml Respiratory Volumes and Capacities for an Average Young Adult MaleMeasurementTypical valueDefinition Respiratory volumes1.Tida] volume (TV)500 mlAmount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath during relaxed, quiet breathing2.Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)3000 mlAmount of air in excess of tid... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Spore of which bacteria is used as sterilization control of Plasma sterilization: | [
"B. subtilis",
"B. pumilis",
"Cl. tetani",
"B. stearothermophilus"
] | D | Biological Sterilization Indicator of plasma sterilization: B. stearothermophillus, B. subtilis subspecies niger | train | med_mcqa | null |
A man presents with fever, wt loss and cough. Mantoux reads an induration of 17 x 19 mm, Sputum cytology is negative for AFB. Most likely diagnosis is | [
"Pulmonary tuberculosis",
"Fungal infection",
"Viral infection",
"Pneumonia"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following drug inhibits release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum - | [
"Dantrolene",
"Caffiene",
"Rocuronium",
"Succnylcholine"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dantrolene Dantrolene* This muscle relaxant is chemically and pharmacologically entirely different from neuromuscular blockers; effect superficially resembles that of centrally acting muscle relaxants.* Neuromuscular transmission or MAP are not affected, but muscle contraction is uncoupled from depola... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which premolar resembles a canine: | [
"Maxillary first premolar.",
"Mandibular first premolar.",
"Maxillary second premolar.",
"Mandibular second premolar."
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chandler index is used for - | [
"Anchylostoma duodenale",
"Ascariasis",
"Guinea worm infestations",
"Filariasis"
] | A | <p> Chandlers index is used for hook worm infestation. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,21st edition,page no:221 & 22nd edition, pg no:221. <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
True regarding Nitrous oxide is: March 2013 (d) | [
"Stored at room temperature",
"Blunts ventilatory response to hypoxia",
"Highly inflammable",
"Complete anaesthetic agent"
] | B | Ans. B i.e. Blunts ventilator response to hypoxia Nitrous oxide Discovered by: Priestly Cylinder colour: Blue PIN index (code): 3,5 Also known as: Laughing gas, Adverse effects: - Megaloblastic anemia, - Bone marrow suppression, Second gas effect/ diffusion hypoxia C/I in: - Pneumothorax, - Air embolism etc. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following may occur in Down&;s syndrome except | [
"Hypothyroidism",
"Undescended testis",
"Ventricular septal defect",
"Brushfield's spots"
] | B | Congenital or acquired hypothyroidism,brush field spots in iris,and ventricular septal defect IS seen in a case with down syndrome. Undescended testis is not a feature. Reference: Nelson TB of pediatrics 19th edtn pg 402 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bile duct strictures are seen in all except | [
"CBD stone",
"Cholangiocarcinoma",
"Trauma",
"Acute pancreatitis"
] | D | Causes of biliary strictures Benign Congenital Biliary atresia Operative injury Cholecystectomy Choledochotomy Gastrectomy Hepatic resection Transplantation Inflammatory Stones Cholangitis Parasitic Sclerosing cholangitis Radiotherapy Trauma Idiopathic Malignant Cholangiocarcinoma CA head of pancreas Ampullary carcinom... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aery piercing the oblique popliteal ligament of knee - | [
"Superior genicular",
"Inferior genicular",
"Middle genicular",
"Popliteal"
] | C | Middle genicular Oblique popliteal ligament is an expansion from the tendon of semimembranosus attachment to intercondylar line of femur. It is closely related to popliteal aery and is pierced by middle genicular vessels and nerve and the terminal pa of the posterior division of the obturator nerve. | train | med_mcqa | null |
MDR defined as | [
"INH only",
"INH & Rifampicin",
"More than two drugs",
"INH, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol."
] | B | (INH & Rifampicin): (180-Park 22nd/ edition; K. Park 20th/ed p-173. K. Park21st/ed p 178-79, New RNTCP Module, www.tbcindia.org)WHO defines a multi drug resistant (MDR) strain as one that is at least resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, with or without resistant to other anti TB drugsMultidrug Resistant TB - is defin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In one single visit, a 9 month-old, un-immunized child can be given the following vaccination - | [
"Only BCG",
"BCG, DPT-1, OPV-1",
"DPT-1, OPV-1, Measles",
"BCG, DPT-1, OPV-1, Measles"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a 2 way communication – | [
"Lectures",
"Group discussion",
"Panel discussion",
"Symposium"
] | A | Communication
Communication is a process of transferring information from one source to another.
There are following types of communication :-
1. One-way communication (Didactic method)
One way communication is one in which information is always transferred in only one preassigned direction, i.e. from communicator ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following are Secondary lymphoid organs except: | [
"Spleen",
"Lymph node",
"Bone marrow",
"MALT"
] | C | Ans: C (Bone marrow) Ref: Grays Anatomy 40th Ed pg . 127Explanation:Organs of the Immune System:The immune system is made up of many different organs and tissues dispersed throughout the body.PRIMARY lymphoid organs are the sites of lymphocyte hirth, maturation, in an Antigen independent fashion.SECONDARY lymphoid orga... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Adult polycystic kidney disease is inherited: March 2005 | [
"X-linked dominant",
"X-linked recessive",
"Autosomal recessive",
"Autosomal dominant"
] | D | Ans. D: Autosomal dominant Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common inherited disorders. It is the most frequent genetic cause of renal failure in adults, It is a multisystemic and progressive disorder characterized by the formation and enlargement of cysts in the kidney and other ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
'Lock and Key model' of enzyme action was proposed by | [
"Emil Fisher",
"Daniel Koshland",
"Lenor Michaelis",
"Maud Menten"
] | A | Lock and key hypothesis By emil Fischer Active site is rigid Substrate has complimentary shape Demerits: 1. Rigid active site in reversible reaction. 2. Stabilization of transition state Ref: G n G 13th ed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The drug which is not suitable for patients with acute porphyria for intravenous induction is – | [
"Thiopentone sodium",
"Propofol",
"Midazolam",
"Etomidate"
] | A | All barbiturates (including thiopentone) are absolutely contraindicated.
There is controversy regarding etomidate because some text books (miller) consider it safe, while other (Lee, Wylie), consider it unsafe :-
Miller (7th/e 1115) has given etomidate amongst the safe drugs.
Lee and Wylie have opinion different to M... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common determinant of energy expenditure in a resting state is: | [
"Lean Body Mass",
"Adipose tissue",
"Resting Hea Rate",
"Exercise"
] | A | Energy expended in the resting state depends primarily on the lean body mass and the metabolic cost for processing ingested nutrients. Ref: New Developments in Obesity Research By Lawrence F. Ditmier, Page 131; Handbook of Obesity: Etiology and Pathophysiology By George A. Bray, Page 705 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are features of haemolytic uremic syndrome, except? | [
"Hyperkalemia",
"Anaemia",
"Renal microthrombi",
"Neuro psychiatric disturbances"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Neuropsychiatric manifestations Hyperkalemia is seen in hemolytic urenic syndrome as a result of renal failure. ABOUT NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS Neurological manifestations are used to distinguish between Hemolytic uremic syndrome and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. H.U.S. is distinguished f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements about hemochromatosis is not true | [
"Hypogonadism may be seen",
"Ahropathy may occur",
"Diabetes mellitus may develop",
"Dimercaprol is treatment of choice"
] | D | Characteristics of hereditary hemochromatosisThe liver is the first organ to be affected.Excessive skin pigmentation is present.Diabetes mellitus occurs in about 65% of patients.Cardiac involvement may be seen.Hypogonadism may occur Ahropathy may occur.TreatmentThe therapy of hemochromatosis involves removal of the exc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following occurs in Charcot's triad ? | [
"Pain abdomen",
"Fever and chills",
"Jaundice",
"All"
] | D | Ans. (a) Pain abdomen (b) Fever and chills; (c) Jaundice | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to national health policy, a sub center caters to population in hilly and tribal areas : | [
"3000",
"5000",
"1000",
"2500"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' 3000. Remember the following facts A subcentre caters a population of* - 5000 in general 3000 in hilly, tribal & backward areasA PHC caters a population of* - 30,000 in general 20,000 in hilly, tribal & backward area.A Community health centre caters a population of * - 80,000 to 1.2 lakh.A health assistant ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Artery not supplying Kisselbacks plexus is- | [
"Anterior ethmoidal artery",
"Greater Palatine artery",
"Sphenopalatine artery",
"Ascending pharyngeal artery"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ascending pharyngeal artery * Kiesselbach's plexus, which lies in KiesselbaclTs area or Little's area, is a region in the anteroinferior part of the nasal septum where four arteries anastomose to form a vascular plexus. The arteries arei) Anterior ethmoidal artery (branch of the ophthalmic artery)ii) ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the ideal (most scientific) setting for an epidemiological study | [
"Case-Control study",
"Coho study",
"Experimental study",
"Cross-section study"
] | C | Experimental or intervention studies are similar in approach to coho studies excepting that conditions in which study is carried out are under the direct control of the investigator.The aim of experimental studies may be stated as followsa) to provide &;scientific proof&; of aetiological factors or risk factorsb) to pr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
HLA B27 is not seen in- | [
"SLE",
"Ankylosing spondylitis",
"Reiter's syndrome",
"Psoriotic ahritis"
] | A | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. SLE is associated with immuno regulatory function of class 2 HLA gene includes HLADR, HLADQ, HLADP.. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Protein pa of an enzyme is called | [
"Holoenzyme",
"Coenzyme",
"Cofactor",
"Apoenzyme"
] | D | The protein without the prosthetic group is called the apoenzyme: it is catalytically inactive. Many enzymes require an additional small molecule, known as a cofactor to aid with catalytic activity. A cofactor is a non-protein molecule that carries out chemical reactions that cannot be performed by the standard 20 amin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 48 yr old woman comes with b/1 progressive weakness of both lower limbs, spasticity & mild impairment of respiratory movements. MRI shows an intradural mid-dorsal midline enhancing lesion. What is the likely diagnosis: | [
"Intradural lipoma",
"Meningioma",
"Neuroenteric cyst",
"Dermoid cyst"
] | B | B i.e. Meningioma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Artery of anatomical snuftbox- | [
"Radial",
"Ulnar",
"Brachial",
"None"
] | A | Ans, is 'a' i.e., Radial Anatomical Snuffboxo Triangular depression on the dorsal and radial aspect of the hand become visible when thumb is fully extended. Boundarieso Medial/Posterior--Tendon of the extensor pollicis longus.o Lateral/ Anterior--Tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus.o Roo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
32 year old man, presented with painless ulcer with a black eschar on his leg. Smears of exudate show non motile organisms which are in chains. Spores are absent in the smear. Most probable organism is: | [
"Proteus",
"Diphtheroids",
"Clostridium",
"Bacillus anthracis"
] | D | Bacillus anthracis is a large gram-positive rod with square ends, frequently found in chains. It is non motile, whereas other members of the genus are motile. Spores are usually not seen in smears of exudate because spores form when nutrients are insufficient, and nutrients are plentiful in infected tissue. Also know: ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements about 'Valves of Houston' is true - | [
"The middle valve corresponds to the middle convex fold to the Right",
"The upper valve corresponds to peritoneal reflections",
"The valves contain all three layers of muscle wall",
"Valves disappear after mobilization of Rectum."
] | D | Valves of Houston are lost after full mobilization of the Rectum.
The middle valve is located on the Right Wall but corresponds to the middle convex fold to the left.
The middle valve (and not upper valve) corresponds to the level of peritoneal reflection.
Valves of Houston do not contain all three layers of the muscle... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Palpation on the costoveebral angle produces pain and tenderness in acute adrenal insufficiency.This is | [
"Rotch's sign",
"Rossolimo\"s sign",
"Rogoff's sign",
"Osler's sign"
] | C | Costoveebral angle pain and tenderness in acute adrenal insufficiency is known as Rogoff's sign. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which dengue serotype has higher risk of causing Dengue hemorrhagic fever as Secondary infection? | [
"DENV-1",
"DENV-2",
"DENV-4",
"DENV-3"
] | B | Secondary infection with dengue serotype 2 or multiple infection with different serotypes lead to severe form dengue DHF/DSS. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Retraining approach in a pediatric patient, all are true, Except: | [
"Discrimination",
"Avoidance",
"De-emphasis and substitution",
"Distraction"
] | A | Retraining approach includes:
Avoidance.
De- emphasis and substitution.
Distraction. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Renauld Braud phenomenon is seen in | [
"Candida albicans",
"Candida psittaci",
"Histoplasma",
"Cryptococcus"
] | A | Candida albicans has the ability to form germ tubes within 2hours when incubated in human serum at 37C - Reynolds-Braude phenomenon. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker; 9th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Incoagulable states are - | [
"Snake envenomation",
"Acute-promyelocytic leukemia",
"Abruptio placenta",
"Heparin overdose"
] | A | Answer is option 1, snake envenomation Snakebite envenomation is common and may result in systemic coagulopathy. Antivenom can correct resulting laboratory abnormalities; however, despite antivenom use, coagulopathy may recur, persist, or result in death after a latency period. Ref Robbins 9/e pg449-450 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ketamine can be used in all of the situations except a) Status asthmaticusb) For analgesia & sedationc) Obstetric hemorrhaged) Ischemic heart diseasee) Aortic aneurysm | [
"ab",
"de",
"cd",
"bd"
] | B | Ketamine increases BP, HR & myocardial O2 demand, therefore it is contraindicated in IHD, hypertensive heart disease and aortic aneurysm. | train | med_mcqa | null |
OPV can be used if vaccine l monitor is showing? | [
"Colour of outer circle is same as inner square",
"Colour of outer circle is darker than inner square",
"Colour of outer circle is lighter than inner square",
"None of the above"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Colour of outer circle is darker than inner square | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dorsalis pedis artery is the continuation of: | [
"Anterior tibial artery",
"Posterior tibial artery",
"Popliteal artery",
"Lateral tarsal artery"
] | A | Ans. a (Anterior tibial artery). (Ref. BD Chaurasia 3rd ed. Vol.2.104)The anterior tibial artery commences at the bifurcation of the popliteal, at the lower border of the Popliteus, passes forward between the two heads of the Tibialis posterior, and through the aperture above the upper border of the interosseous membra... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which nerve is responsible for referred pain in ear? | [
"Trochleal",
"Olfactory",
"Glossopharyngeal",
"Abducent"
] | C | Pharyngitis may cause referred pain in the ear as both are supplied by IX nerve. Ref: BD Chaurasia's HUMAN ANATOMY, Volume 3, 4th edition. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which drug is given in delayed vomiting after chemotherapy - | [
"Metoclopramide",
"Hyoscine",
"Domperiodone",
"Aprepitant"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Aprepitant o Cisplatin can induce vomiting within 24 hours or after 2 days. DOC for the early vomiting is ondensetron while for delayed vomiting is aprepitant (substant P antagonist). | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following muscles elevate scapula, EXCEPT? | [
"Trapezius",
"Levator scapulae",
"Latissimus dorsi",
"Rhomboid major"
] | C | The latissimus dorsi acts on the humerus causing powerful adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the arm.Superior fibers of the trapezius cause scapular elevation and upward rotation. Middle fibers causes scapular retraction. Inferior fibers causes scapular depression and upward rotation.The levator scapula muscl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Appearance of Breast bud is known as: March 2013 | [
"Menarche",
"Thelarche",
"Pubarche",
"Anarche"
] | B | Ans. B i.e. Thelarche Thelarche is the onset of secondary (postnatal) breast development, usually occurring at the beginning of pubey in girls. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thick pus of streptococci is conveed thin by enzyme - | [
"DNAase",
"Streptokinase",
"RNAase",
"C5a peptidase"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,DNAase Deoxyribonuclease (DNAase) of streptococcus is also called as streptodornase.They cause depolymerization of DNA. They liquefy highly viscous DNA that accumulates in thick pus.This is responsible for the thin serous character of streptococcal exudates. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of Colchicine in Acute Gout? | [
"Inhibition of chemotactic Factors",
"Tubulin binding and inhibition of leukocyte migration",
"Enhanced metabolism of Urate crystals",
"Enhanced excretion of Uric acid"
] | B | Colchicine produces its anti-inflammatory effects by binding to the intracellular protein tubulin, thereby preventing its polymerization into microtubules and leading to the inhibition of leukocyte migration. Colchicine-treated neutrophils develop a &;drunken walk&;. Colchicine is neither a uricosuric nor an analgesic ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A boy alleging age 9 years is brought for medical examination. The total number of teeth at this age would be: | [
"20",
"24",
"28",
"32"
] | B | Period of Mixed dentition- 6-11 years In this period, all the temporary teeth are replaced by permanent teeth and there is no addition. Calcification and eruption of permanent teeth Tooth Calcification begins Eruption Calcification complete First molar At bih 6 to 7 years 9 to 10 years Central incisor 3 to 4 months 6 t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Iron deficiency is best demonstrated by: | [
"RDW",
"S. ferritin",
"BM examination",
"d......."
] | B | Ans b (Se Ferritin)Ref: Davidson, 21 edpg. 1018Ferritin (n = 50 - 200 microg//)A measure of iron stores in the tissue and is the single best test to confirm iron deficiency Less than normal value of Se. ferritin is seen in:1. Iron deficiency2. Hypothyroidism3. Vitamin c deficiency Raised Se.ferritin value is seen in:1.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True regarding specificity: | [
"Identifies false +ve",
"Identifies false -ve",
"Identifies true + ve",
"Identifies true -ve"
] | D | .specificity is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease,that is "true negatives". ref:park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,22nd edition,pg no 131 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following conditions are observed in Marasmus, Except | [
"Hepatomegaly",
"Muscle wasting",
"Low insulin levels",
"Extreme weakness"
] | A | Hepatomegaly is seen in kwashiorkor. The liver is enlarged with rounded lower margin and soft consistency in about one-third of cases. Histology shows fatty infiltration. Ref: Page 105; Ghai essential pediatrics; 6th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Apical transportation is also known as | [
"Curing",
"Zipping",
"Ledging",
"Apical perforation"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The primary action of the neurotransmitter Nitric oxide (NO) in the gastrointestinal tract is: | [
"Vasodilatation",
"Vasoconstriction",
"Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation",
"Gastrointestinal slow smooth muscle contraction"
] | C | Nitric oxide (NO) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter of enteric motor neurons that mediates Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation. Unlike most neurotransmitters and hormones, NO does not act a membrane bound receptor. Instead NO readily diffuses into adjacent target cells to directly activate guanylcyclase and media... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mineral with antioxidant property: | [
"Molybdenum",
"Selenium",
"Copper",
"Zinc"
] | B | Ans. b (Selenium). (Ref. Harper, Biochemistry, 25th ed., 659,766)SeleniumFeaturesConstituent of glutathione peroxidaseSynergistic anti-oxidant with vitamin EEssential trace elementSelenocysteine is an L--amino acid found in a handful of proteins. As its name implies, a selenium atom replaces the sulfur of its structura... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about gradenigo's syndrome- | [
"Retrobulbar pain",
"Otitis media",
"Facial palsy",
"Petrositis"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is associated with > 20% risk of chromosomal anomalies? | [
"Omphalocele",
"Gastroschisis",
"Cleft lip",
"Spina bifida"
] | A | Omphalocele is a midline abdominal wall defect. The abdominal viscera (commonly liver and bowel) are contained within a sac composed of peritoneum and amnion from which the umbilical cord arises at the apex and center. When the defect is less than 4 cm, it is termed a hernia of the umbilical cord; when greater than 10 ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the actual intention of doing sentinel surveillance? | [
"To know the total number of cases",
"For health planning",
"To know the natural history of the disease",
"To prevent the disease"
] | A | Sentinel surveillance A method for identifying the missing cases and thereby supplementing the notified case is required Sentinel surveillance is extrapolated to the entire population to estimate the disease prevalence in the total population(Refer: K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24th edition, pg... | train | med_mcqa | null |
First polar body is formed after - | [
"Mitosis",
"First meiosis",
"Second meiosis",
"Fertilization"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., First meiosisOogenesiso Oogenesis refers to the process of formation of ova from the primitive germ cells. Unlike fetal testis (in which spermatogenesis beings at puberty ), the fetal ovary begins oogenesis by 10 weeks of gestation.o The sequence of events in oogenesis are :The primitive germ cells un... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic Direct immunofluorescence findings in Herpes gestationis? | [
"Epidermal cell-surface deposits of IgG and C3",
"Linear, homogeneous deposits of IgG and C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction",
"Linear homogeneous deposits of C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction",
"Focal granular deposits of IgA at the papillary tips"
] | B | DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE FINDINGS IN AUTOIMMUNE BLISTERING DISEASE. Disease Pattern and nature of immunoreactants Pemphigus Epidermal cell-surface deposits of IgG and C3 Bullous pemphigoid Linear, homogeneous deposits of IgG (epidermal side on salt-split skin) and C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction. Linear IgA dermat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient underwent complicated surgery for chronic pancreatitis. The most preferred route for supplementary nutrition in this patient would be:- | [
"Total parenteral nutrition",
"Feeding gastrostomy",
"Feeding jejunostomy",
"Oral feeding"
] | C | Enteral nutrition is preferred over Total parenteral nutrition as it Maintains gut barrier integrity Limits bacterial translocation Less expensive Fewer complications Order of preference - Feeding jejunostomy > Feeding gastrostomy Oral feeding is staed at later stages | train | med_mcqa | null |
The risk factor in cholangiocarcinoma | [
"Pancreatitis",
"Ulcerave coltis",
"Pyelonephritis",
"Caroli disease"
] | D | Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy of the biliary tree, arising from bile ducts within or outside the liver,
o Risk factors All risk factors for cholangiocarcinomas cause chronic inammation and cholestasis,
which presumably promote the occurrence of somatic mutations or epigenetic alterations in cholangiocytes. Primary... | train | med_mcqa | null |
You evaluate an 18 yrs old male who sustained a right sided cervical laceration during a gang fight. Which of the following is a relative rather than an absolute indication for neck exploration? | [
". Expanding hematoma",
"Dysphagia",
"Dysphonia",
"Pneumothorax"
] | D | Pneumothorax Repos of a more than 50% incidence of negative explorations of the neck, iatrogenic complications, and serious injuries overlooked at operation have caused a reassessment of the dictum that all penetrating neck wounds that violate the platysmaQ must be explored. Stable patients with zone II (between the an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding torsades de pointes, false statement is: | [
"More Common in males",
"Hypocalcemia can be a causative false",
"IV.mg is initial treatment of choice for acquired cause.",
"Congenital cause is treated with beta blocker"
] | A | Ans. A. More Common in malesCAUSES OF TORSADES DE POINTES:I. CongenitalII Acquired: BradycardiaHypokalemiaDrugs- Quinidine, procainamide, sotalol, amiodaroneDisopyramide, phenothiazine, TCATorsades de pointes is more common in females (because of |QT)Mechanism - Initiation by early after depolarization- Perpetuation by... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cystic fibrosis is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. A normal couple has one daughter affected with the disease. They are now planning to have another child. What is the chance of her sibling being affected by the disease? | [
"3-Apr",
"2-Jan",
"4-Jan",
"4-Mar"
] | C | Siblings have one in four chance of being affected in Autosomal recessive diseases. Ref: Robbin's Basic Pathology, 7th Edition, Page 215. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Features of innate immunity A/E- | [
"Recognizes foreign antigen in blood",
"C reactive protein",
"Complement protein is a pa of innate immune system",
"Includes phagocytes and natural killer cells"
] | D | Robbins basic pathology 9th edition page no 105 Heading=the early innate immune response to microbes Innate immunity includes phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils. Natural killer cells kill viruse infected cells and produce macrophage activating cytokine IFN-gamma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antibody specificity is determined by the amino acid sequence within the: | [
"Fc region",
"Constant region",
"Variable region",
"Fc receptors"
] | C | Ans. C. Variable regionAntibody specificity is dictated by the sequence of amino acids within the variable regions of the light and heavy chains.a. The Fc region is a site for antibody docking to effector cells and does not play a role in antigen binding.b. The constant region has a similar structure in antibodies of w... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 2yr old child was brought to ER after drinking a disinfectant liquid. On examination, he was in coma, pupils constricted, pulse 120/min; respiratory rate:-40/min, urine was few and it&;s colour changed to green on exposure to air. What is the diagnosis | [
"Atropine",
"Organophosphates",
"Nitric acid",
"Carbolic acid"
] | D | CARBOLIC ACID (phenol; OH) Systemic Effects:- Phenol is a depressant of the nervous system, especially the respiratory centre. Headache, giddiness, unconsciousness and coma occur. The temperature is subnormal, the pupils are contracted, breathing is steorous, pulse is rapid, feeble and irregular, face covered with cold... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the treatment of hypothyroidism, thyroxine is preferred over liothyronine because of thyroxine: | [
"Is faster acting",
"Has higher affinity for thyroid hormone receptors",
"Has a longer half life",
"Can be made more easily by recombinant DNA technology"
] | C | Liothyronine (T3) as compared to thyroxine (T4) is:
Fast acting
More potent
Short half-life
An indication of liothyronine includes myxedema coma and for most of the indications, thyroxine is used because it has a long half-life thus can be used less frequently than T3. | train | med_mcqa | null |
PR interval corresponds to ECG changes as | [
"Ventricular depolarization",
"Ventricular depolarization and atrial rcpolarization",
"Atrial depolarization and conduction through AV node",
"Ventricular repolarization"
] | C | C. i.e. (Atrial - depolarization and conduction through AV node) (551 - Ganong 22nd) (494- Ganong 23rd)ECG IntervalsIntervalNormal Durations (S)Events in the heart during intervalAverageRangePR interval0.180.12-0.20**Atrial depolarization and conduction through AV nodeQRS duration0.08to 0.10Ventricular depolarization a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Muscle attached to medial border of scapula is- | [
"Rhomboidus Major",
"Teres Major",
"Deltoid",
"Infraspinatus"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rhomboidus Major * Lateral border of scapula (posteriorly) : Origins of teres minor and teres major.* Medial border of scapula : (i) Anteriorly : Insertion of serratus anterior; (ii) Posteriorly : Insertions of levator scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dose of pralidoxime in OPC poisoning: NIMHNS 13 | [
"1-2 mg IV",
"1-2 mg IM",
"1-2 g IV",
"1-2 g oral"
] | C | Ans. 1-2 g IV | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best diagnostic aid in blunt trauma abdomen is - | [
"CT scan",
"4 quadrant aspiration",
"Peioneal lavage",
"Ultrasound"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ultrasound | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal portal vein pressure is | [
"< 3 mm Hg",
"3-5 mm Hg",
"5-10 mm Hg",
"10 to 1 2mm of Hg"
] | C | • Normal portal vein pressure: 5-10 mm Hg
• Variceal formation occurs when portal pressure is >10 mm Hg.
• Variceal bleeding occurs when portal pressure is >12 mm Hg.
• Normal portal vein pressure: 10-15 cm saline
• Definition: Portal pressure >10 mm Hg
• MC cause of portal hypertension in United States: Cirrhosis.
•... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Who gave the concept of "Clean tooth never Decays"? | [
"Pierre fauchard",
"Leon Williams",
"Rihanna",
"Dean"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Eruption of Maxillary 1st molar occur at | [
"8-9 years",
"6 years",
"4 years",
"15-16 months"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug used for obesity - | [
"Orlistat",
"Rivatat",
"Nitousoxide",
"Phenylephrine"
] | A | Orlistat inhibits pancreatic and gastric lipases and thereby decreases the hydrolysis of ingested triglycerides, reducing dietary fat absorption by approximately 30%. The drug is not absorbed and adverse side-effects relate to the effect of the resultant fat malabsorption on the gut: namely, loose stools, oily spotting... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Example of Type IV Hypersensitivity is/are | [
"Farmer's lung",
"Contact hypersensitivity",
"Immediate hypersensitivity",
"Myasthenia gravis"
] | B | Clinical examples of Type IV HS TB Sarcoidosis Temporal aeritis Contact dermatitis Lepromin test and PPD Patch test/contact HS Type I DM | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blood brain barrier is formed by | [
"Microglia",
"Oligodendrocytes",
"Astrocytes",
"Type II pneumatocytes"
] | C | (C) Astrocytes # Blood Brain Barrier: Astrocytes form the structural framework for the neurons and control their biochemical environment.> Astrocyte foot processes are closely associated with the blood vessels to form the blood-brain barrier.# Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the formation and maintenance of the my... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Palatoprints for identification of the person is performed by taking prints from which area of the hard plate - | [
"Lateral",
"Anterior",
"Middle",
"Posterior"
] | B | Palatogram is study of rugae in anterior pa of hard palate. It is highly specific as fingerprints ref :.Dr.K.S.Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27th edition pg. 48 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most effective medication in GERD | [
"PPI",
"H, blockers",
"Antacids",
"Prokinetic drugs"
] | A | (A) PPI > They self-medicate with over the counter medicines such as simple antacids, antacid-alginate preparations and H2recepto' antagonists.> PPis, such as Omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole, are by far the most effective drug treatment for GERD. | train | med_mcqa | null |
During laparoscopy the preferred site for obtaining cultures in a patient with acute pelvic inflammatory disease is : | [
"Endocervix",
"Pouch of Douglas",
"Endometrium",
"Fallopian tubes"
] | D | Ans. is d i.e. Fallopian tube Laparoscopic visualization of the pelvis is the most accurate method of confirming diagnosis of an acute P1D. However, it is not practical to advise diagnostic laparoscopy to all patients of PID, Indications of Laparoscopy in Acute PID : - Patients not responding to therapy, in order to co... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The condition which characteristically shows bone infarcts is: | [
"Iron deficiency anaemia",
"Thalassemia",
"Sickle cell anaemia",
"Hereditary spherocytosis"
] | C | Bone marrow infarcts are frequent causes of pain in sickle cell anaemia. The heads of the femur and humerus are susceptible to avascular necrosis, a potential source of constant pain and disability. Ischemic bone becomes susceptible to bacterial osteomyelitis. Joint effusions and occasionally hemahrosis may be seen adj... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35 year old female has proximal weakness of muscles, ptosis and easy fatigability. The most sensitive test to suggest the diagnosis is: | [
"Muscle Biopsy",
"CPK levels",
"Edrophonium test",
"Single fiber EMG"
] | D | Single fibre electrophysiology is the most sensitive test for Myasthenia Gravis. The symptoms given in question stem are suggestive of Myasthenia Gravis which is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder presenting with easy fatigability. Ref: Clinical adult neurology By Jody Corey-Bloomn, Page 332 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Foam cells in atherosclerosis contain lipid in the form of ? | [
"Oxidized LDL",
"Reduced LDL",
"Oxidized VLDL",
"Reduced VLDI"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Oxidized LDLMorphology of atherosclerotic plaque There are three major components of an atherosclerotic plaques :-i) Cells : Smooth muscle cell and macrophages are the major cells with some contribution from foam cells (lipid-laden macrophages), and lymphocytes. Advanced atherosclerotic plaque may lac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An example of tumor suppressor gene is | [
"Myc",
"Fos",
"Ras",
"Rb"
] | D | Ref Robbins 7/e p300; , Harrison 17/e p499; 9/e p290 Tumor suppressor genes are the genes whose products down regulate the cell cycle. RB Gene: Governor of the Cell Cycle It is useful to begin with the retinoblastoma gene (RB), the first tumor suppressor gene to be discovered and, as it happens, a prototypical represen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Severe disability in primary osteoahritis of hip is best managed by - | [
"Ahrodesis",
"Ahroplasty",
"Mc Murray's osteotomy",
"Intra-aicular hydrocoisone and physiotherapy"
] | B | IN SEVERE DISABILITY AHROPLASTY IS MODE OF MANAGEMENT REF : MAHESWARI 9TH ED | train | med_mcqa | null |
In supracondylar fracture the fragment is often displaced: | [
"Laterally",
"Medially",
"Anteriorly",
"Posteriorly"
] | D | Ans: d | train | med_mcqa | null |
HAV is not destroyed by: | [
"0.5 ppm chlorine",
"1:4000 formalin",
"UV radiation",
"Boiling at 100degC for 5 minutes"
] | A | Ans. a. 0.5 ppm chlorine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is most commonly seen in short bowel syndrome - | [
"Vitamin B12",
"Biotin",
"Vitamin B1",
"Vitamin K"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Features of carcinoma penis include all except: March 2007 | [
"Metastasize to inguinal lymph nodes",
"Surgery is the treatment of choice",
"Hypospadias is a premalignant lesion",
"Circumcision provides protection"
] | C | Ans. C: Hypospadias is a premalignant lesion Following as risk factors for penile cancer: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, smoking, smegma, phimosis, treatment of psoriasis, age, and AIDS. The other etiologic factor most commonly associated with penile carcinoma is poor hygiene. Lichen sclerosus (also known as bal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acute primary meningoencephalitis true is - | [
"Meningitis caused by Acanthamoeba species is acute in nature",
"Diagnosis is done by demonstration of trophozoites in CSF",
"Caused by feco-oral transmission",
"More common in tropical climate"
] | B | Option 1, 2,3 Naegleria Fowleri: Disease: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Infective form: Amoeboid form is the invasive form. Mode of transmission: Man acquire infection by nasal contamination during swimming in fresh hot water bodies like ponds, river, swimming pools or lakes. option 4 Acanthamoeba species a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following are live attenuated vaccines, except- | [
"BCG",
"Oral typhoid",
"Measles",
"Peussis"
] | D | peussis vaccine is usually given combined with tetanus toxoid and diphtheria toxoid.among them peussis is an acellular vaccineref;parks textbook,ed22,pg 154 | train | med_mcqa | null |
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